text stringlengths 5 1.02k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
point. For now, let\u2019s turn our attention to finding critical points. We will use graphical observations to determine\nwhether a critical point is associated with a local extremum.\nExample 4.12\nLocating Critical Points\nFor each of the following functions, find all critical points. Use a graphing utility to deter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash-based cryptography-Examples of hash-based signature schemes-Leighton\u2013Micali Hash-Based Signatures are specified in RFC 8554. Practical improvements have been proposed in the literature that alleviate the concerns introduced by stateful schemes. Hash functions appropriate for these schemes include SHA-2, SHA-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Language primitive-High-level language primitives-A high-level programming language (HLL) program is composed of discrete statements and primitive data types that may also be perceived to perform a single operation or represent a single data item, but at a higher semantic level than those provided by the machine. Copy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wi-Fi deauthentication attack-Toolsets-Aircrack-ng suite, MDK3, Void11, Scapy, and Zulu software can mount a WiFi deauthentication attack. Aireplay-ng, an aircrack-ng suite tool, can run a deauthentication attack by executing a one-line command: aireplay-ng -0 1 -a xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx -c yy:yy:yy:yy:yy:yy wlan0 -0 arms ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Weierstrass transform in the one-dimensional case W\u03bb\u03c7E(x)=\u222bRng\u03bb(x\u2212y)\u03c7E(y)dy=(\u03c0\u03bb)\u2212n2\u222bEe\u2212(x\u2212y)2\u03bbdy As one can easily prove, W\u03bb\u03c7(x) is a smooth function for all x\u2208Rn , such that lim \u03bb\u21920W\u03bb\u03c7E(x)=\u03c7E(x) also, its gradien... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knapsack problem-Solving-Several algorithms are available to solve knapsack problems, based on the dynamic programming approach, the branch and bound approach or hybridizations of both approaches.\nDynamic programming in-advance algorithm The unbounded knapsack problem (UKP) places no restriction on the number of copi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"User story-Relationship to epics, themes and initiatives/programs-In many contexts, user stories are used and also summarized in groups for ontological, semantic and organizational reasons. Initiative is also referred to as Program in certain scaled agile frameworks. The different usages depend on the point-of-view, e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Klee's measure problem-History and algorithms-In 1988, Mark Overmars and Chee Yap proposed an log \u2061n) algorithm for d \u2265 3. Their algorithm uses a particular data structure similar to a kd-tree to decompose the problem into 2-dimensional components and aggregate those components efficiently; the 2-dimensiona... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cold boot attack-Uses-Digital forensics In certain cases, a cold boot attack is used in the discipline of digital forensics to forensically preserve data contained within memory as criminal evidence. For example, when it is not practical to preserve data in memory through other means, a cold boot attack may be used to... | large_corpus_distillation |
of keys, provisioning schemes, and cryptographic operations as well as meta data associated with the keys.\nThe protocol is backed by an extensive series of test cases, and interoperability testing is performed between compliant systems each year.\nA list of some 80 products that conform to the KMIP standard can be fou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiset-Counting multisets-If n does not appear, then our original multiset is equal to a multiset of cardinality k with elements from [n \u2212\u20091], of which there are Thus, Generating series The generating function of the multiset coefficients is very simple, being As multisets are in one-to-one correspondence ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"String-searching algorithm-Overview-Another common example involves \"normalization\". For many purposes, a search for a phrase such as \"to be\" should succeed even in places where there is something else intervening between the \"to\" and the \"be\": More than one space Other \"whitespace\" characters such as tabs, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unicity distance-Relation with key entropy and plaintext redundancy-Now an alphabet of 32 characters can carry 5 bits of information per character (as 32 = 25). In general the number of bits of information per character is log2(N), where N is the number of characters in the alphabet and log2 is the binary logarithm. S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rayleigh quotient-Bounds for Hermitian M-As stated in the introduction, for any vector x, one has min max ] , where min max are respectively the smallest and largest eigenvalues of M . This is immediate after observing that the Rayleigh quotient is a weighted average of eigenvalues of M: where (\u03bbi,vi) is the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2211 p k \u2223 n f ( p k ) {\\textstyle \\sum _{p^{k}\\mid n}f(p^{k})} and \u220f p k \u2223 n f ( p k ) {\\textstyle \\prod _{p^{k}\\mid n}f(p^{k})} mean that the sum or product is over all prime powers dividing n. For example, if n = 24, then " | large_corpus_distillation |
"X.509-X.509-In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, the secure protocol for browsing the web. They are also used in offline ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Greatest common divisor-In commutative rings-If R is a Euclidean domain in which euclidean division is given algorithmically (as is the case for instance when R = F[X] where F is a field, or when R is the ring of Gaussian integers), then greatest common divisors can be computed using a form of the Euclidean algorithm ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phoneword-Disadvantages-However, devices which have virtual keyboards, including iOS and Android devices, will translate phoneword phone numbers in webpages and SMS messages to their proper digits within a hyperlink leading to that device's phone app, and their keypads show the appropriate local mapping of letters wit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Relevance vector machine-Software-dlib C++ Library The Kernel-Machine Library rvmbinary: R package for binary classification scikit-rvm fast-scikit-rvm, rvm tutorial " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recognition memory-Measurement and methods-Forced choice recognition Participants are asked to identify which of several items (two to four) is correct. One of the presented items is the target\u2014a previously presented item. The other items are similar, and act as distractors. This allows the experimenter a degree ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shellcode-Types of shellcode-Egg-hunt This is another form of staged shellcode, which is used if an attacker can inject a larger shellcode into the process but cannot determine where in the process it will end up. Small egg-hunt shellcode is injected into the process at a predictable location and executed. This code t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Verifiable computing-Verifiable computation-Gennaro et al. defined the notion of verifiable computation scheme as a protocol between two polynomial time parties to collaborate on the computation of a function F: {0,1}n \u2192 {0,1}m. This scheme consists of three main phases: Preprocessing. This stage is performed onc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer factorization-Rigorous running time-The size of q can be bounded by log \u2061|\u0394|)2 for some constant c0 The relation that will be used is a relation between the product of powers that is equal to the neutral element of G\u0394. These relations will be used to construct a so-called ambiguous form of G\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Signal (IPC)-Relationship with hardware exceptions-A process's execution may result in the generation of a hardware exception, for instance, if the process attempts to divide by zero or incurs a page fault.\nIn Unix-like operating systems, this event automatically changes the processor context to start executing a ker... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dereference operator-Formal description-A data aggregate (or just aggregate) is a group of primitives that are logically contiguous in memory and that are viewed collectively as one datum (for instance, an aggregate could be 3 logically contiguous bytes, the values of which represent the 3 coordinates of a point in sp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity theory-Complexity classes-This motivates the concept of a problem being hard for a complexity class. A problem X is hard for a class of problems C if every problem in C can be reduced to X. Thus no problem in C is harder than X, since an algorithm for X allows us to solve any problem in C. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Omnibus test-In logistic regression-LOGISTIC REGRESSION VAR=grade /METHOD=fstep psi / fstep gpa tuce /CRITERIA PIN(.50) POUT(.10) ITERATE(20) CUT(.5)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"P versus NP problem-Context-In this theory, the class P consists of all those decision problems (defined below) that can be solved on a deterministic sequential machine in an amount of time that is polynomial in the size of the input; the class NP consists of all those decision problems whose positive solutions can be... | large_corpus_distillation |
both applied and theoretical problems in a variety of areas." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kronecker sum of discrete Laplacians-General form of the Kronecker sum of discrete Laplacians-Example: 2D discrete Laplacian on a regular grid with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition Mathematically, using the Kronecker sum: L=Dxx\u2295Dyy=Dxx\u2297I+I\u2297Dyy, where Dxx and Dyy are 1D discrete Laplacians ... | large_corpus_distillation |
from these intervals and evaluate the\nsign of f'(x) at each of these test points, as shown in the following table.\nSign of Derivative\nInterval Test point Conclusion\nf\u2032(x)=3x2\u22123=3(x\u22121)(x+1)\n(\u2212\u221e,\u22121) x=\u22122 (+)(\u2212)(\u2212)=+ f is increasing\n(\u22121,1) x=0 (+)(\u2212)(+)=\u2212 f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1,000,000,000-Selected 10-digit numbers (1,000,000,001\u20139,999,999,999)-1,000,000,001 to 1,999,999,999 1,000,000,007 = smallest prime number with 10 digits.\n1,000,006,281 = smallest triangular number with 10 digits and the 44,721st triangular number.\n1,000,014,129 = 316232, the smallest ten-digit square.\n1,003,0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer says no-Usage-The \"Computer says no\" attitude often comes from larger companies that rely on information stored electronically. When this information is not updated, it can often lead to refusals of financial products or incorrect information being sent out to customers. These situations can often be resolv... | large_corpus_distillation |
k is proportional to the (asymptotically large) sample size. We do not know the value of x\u2217 . Indeed, the very idea goes against the philosophy of Bayesian inference in which 'true' values of parameters are replaced by prior and posterior distributions. So we remove x\u2217 by replacing it with x and taking the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code coverage-Coverage criteria-Modified condition/decision coverage A combination of function coverage and branch coverage is sometimes also called decision coverage. This criterion requires that every point of entry and exit in the program has been invoked at least once, and every decision in the program has taken o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SAML metadata-Introduction to SAML metadata-For authentication purposes, a SAML message may be digitally signed by the issuer. To verify the signature on the message, the message receiver uses a public key known to belong to the issuer. Similarly, to encrypt a message, a public encryption key belonging to the ultimate... | large_corpus_distillation |
"M8 (cipher)-Cipher description-The round function is used for both key expansion and encryption/decryption. The key expansion process transforms the 64-bit data key and 256-bit key expansion key into a 256-bit execution key, consisting of 4 pairs of 32-bit numbers KR0,KL0,...,KR3,KL3 The cipher has a typical Feistel ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic Eraser-Algebraic Eraser-Algebraic Eraser (AE) is an anonymous key agreement protocol that allows two parties, each having an AE public\u2013private key pair, to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel. This shared secret may be directly used as a key, or to derive another key that can then be used... | large_corpus_distillation |
registers 1, 3, 5, and 7 through 15 are for use by the callee Access register 0 is reserved for system use Access registers 1 through 15 are for use by the calleeAdditional arguments are passed on the stack." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plane (tool)-Types-Most planes fall within the categories (by size) of block plane, smoothing plane, and jointing plane. Specialty planes include the shoulder plane, router plane, bullnose plane, and chisel plane, among others.\nElectrically powered hand planers (loosely referred to as power planes) have joined the ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
of standard examples of kernels:\nCite as: Tommi Jaakkola, course materials for 6.867 Machine Learning, Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare\n(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].(cid:13)(cid:10)" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve only hash-Security of ECOH-The ECOH hash functions are based on concrete mathematical functions. They were designed such that the problem of finding collisions should be reducible to a known and hard mathematical problem (the subset sum problem). It means that if one could find collisions, one would be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Haig\u2013Simons income-Schanz\u2013Haig\u2013Simons income tax vs. cash-flow consumption tax-A cash-flow consumption tax is intended to confine the cash-flow tax burden to an individual's annual consumption and to remove nonconsumption expenses and current savings from the tax base. The base is calculated by combinin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Centrality-Important limitations-The error is two-fold. Firstly, a ranking only orders vertices by importance, it does not quantify the difference in importance between different levels of the ranking. This may be mitigated by applying Freeman centralization to the centrality measure in question, which provide some in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BCPNN-Machine learning applications-The point-wise mutual information weights of BCPNN is since long one of the standard methods for detection of drug adverse reactions.BCPNN has recently been successfully applied to Machine Learning classification benchmarks, most notably the hand written digits of the MNIST database... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall-type theorems for hypergraphs-Aharoni\u2013Haxell conditions: smallest pinning sets-Examples We consider several bipartite graphs with Y = {1, 2} and X = {A, B; a, b, c}. The Aharoni\u2013Haxell condition trivially holds for the empty set. It holds for subsets of size 1 if and only if each vertex in Y is containe... | large_corpus_distillation |
t-distribution with n \u2212 1 degrees of freedom. We can therefore use this quotient to find a confidence interval for \u03bc. This t-statistic can be interpreted as \"the number of standard errors away from the regression line.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open the Special Distribtion Simulator and select the L\u00e9vy distribution. Vary the parameters and note the shape and location of\nthe probability density function. For various parameter values, run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical\ndensity function to the probability density function.\nMoments\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Music information retrieval-Applications-Automatic music transcription Automatic music transcription is the process of converting an audio recording into symbolic notation, such as a score or a MIDI file. This process involves several audio analysis tasks, which may include multi-pitch detection, onset detection, dura... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cluster analysis-Algorithms-The key drawback of DBSCAN and OPTICS is that they expect some kind of density drop to detect cluster borders. On data sets with, for example, overlapping Gaussian distributions \u2013 a common use case in artificial data \u2013 the cluster borders produced by these algorithms will often lo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear time-invariant system-Discrete-time systems-In general, every element of the output can depend on every element of the input. Representing the transformation operator by O , we can write: Note that unless the transform itself changes with n, the output sequence is just constant, and the system is uninteresting... | large_corpus_distillation |
judged. In the original tests, a success occurred only if the index returned the exact document that had been used to generate the search. However, this was not typical of an actual query; a user looking for information on aircraft landing gear might be happy with any of the collection's many papers on the topic, but C... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Units of information-Units derived from bit-Word, block, and page Computers usually manipulate bits in groups of a fixed size, conventionally called words. The number of bits in a word is usually defined by the size of the registers in the computer's CPU, or by the number of data bits that are fetched from its main me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall subgroup-Definitions-A Hall divisor (also called a unitary divisor) of an integer n is a divisor d of n such that d and n/d are coprime. The easiest way to find the Hall divisors is to write the prime power factorization of the number in question and take any subset of the factors. For example, to find the Hall d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Population inversion-The interaction of light with matter-If the number of photons being amplified per unit time is greater than the number of photons being absorbed, then the net result is a continuously increasing number of photons being produced; the laser medium is said to have a gain of greater than unity." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve only hash-The algorithm-Given n , ECOH divides the message M into n blocks M0,\u2026,Mn\u22121 . If the last block is incomplete, it is padded with single 1 and then appropriate number of 0. Let furthermore P be a function that maps a message block and an integer to an elliptic curve point. Then us... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knapsack problem-Solving-algorithm Meet-in-the-middle is input: A set of items with weights and values.\noutput: The greatest combined value of a subset." | large_corpus_distillation |
"No-broadcasting theorem-No-broadcasting theorem-The theorem also includes a converse: if two quantum states do commute, there is a method for broadcasting them: they must have a common basis of eigenstates diagonalizing them simultaneously, and the map that clones every state of this basis is a legitimate quantum oper... | large_corpus_distillation |
intuition behind the following notation, which is commonly used to express what exactly is proven by a proof of knowledge." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclidean relation-Properties-A relation R on a set X is right Euclidean if, and only if, the restriction R\u2032 := R|ran(R) is an equivalence and for each x in X\\ran(R), all elements to which x is related under R are equivalent under R\u2032. Similarly, R on X is left Euclidean if, and only if, R\u2032 := R|dom(R) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting measure-Counting measure-The counting measure on (X,\u03a3) is \u03c3-finite if and only if the space X is countable." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Orlicz space-Relations to Sobolev spaces-Certain Sobolev spaces are embedded in Orlicz spaces: for n>1 and X\u2286Rn open and bounded with Lipschitz boundary \u2202X , we have W01,n(X)\u2286L\u03c6(X) for := exp 1.\nThis is the analytical content of the Trudinger inequality: For X\u2286Rn open and bounded with Lip... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial regression-Polynomial regression-In statistics, polynomial regression is a form of regression analysis in which the relationship between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y is modelled as an nth degree polynomial in x. Polynomial regression fits a nonlinear relationship between the value... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asymptotically optimal algorithm-Asymptotically optimal algorithm-In computer science, an algorithm is said to be asymptotically optimal if, roughly speaking, for large inputs it performs at worst a constant factor (independent of the input size) worse than the best possible algorithm. It is a term commonly encountere... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Technical debt-Causes-Deferred refactoring; As the requirements for a project evolve, it may become clear that parts of the code have become inefficient or difficult to edit and must be refactored in order to support future requirements. The longer refactoring is delayed, and the more code is added, the bigger the deb... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trail map-Trail map-A trail map is a map used to aid in navigation and can symbolize an assorted amount of information of a particular area or contain only a single representation of the data it represents." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crypto-PAn-Crypto-PAn-Crypto-PAn (Cryptography-based Prefix-preserving Anonymization) is a cryptographic algorithm for anonymizing IP addresses while preserving their subnet structure. That is, the algorithm encrypts any string of bits x to a new string Ek(x) , while ensuring that for any pair of bit-strings x,y wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Perpetual check-Perpetual check-In the game of chess, perpetual check is a situation in which one player can force a draw by an unending series of checks. This typically arises when the player who is checking cannot deliver checkmate, and failing to continue the series of checks gives the opponent at least a chance to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Physical information security-Physical information security-Physical information security is the intersection, the common ground between physical security and information security. It primarily concerns the protection of tangible information-related assets such as computer systems and storage media against physical, r... | large_corpus_distillation |
Protocol.In September 2015, G Data Software launched a new messaging app called Secure Chat which used the Signal Protocol. G Data discontinued the service in May 2018.In September 2016, Google launched a new messaging app called Allo, which featured an optional Incognito Mode that used the Signal Protocol for end-to-e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lucifox-Features-Lucifox opens in the main window of the browser and displays some online book catalogues, from which the reader can search for and download books. The list of book catalogues can be changed and extended by the user. It displays books using the main window of the browser, one book per browser tab. The ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the kernel of a continuous projection (in fact, a continuous linear operator in general) is closed. Thus a continuous projection P gives a decomposition of X into two complementary closed subspaces: rg ker ker ker \u2061(P) The converse holds also, with an additional assumption. Suppose U is a closed subspace of X... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tur\u00e1n's brick factory problem-Origin and formulation-The graph should be drawn in the plane with each vertex as a point, each edge as a curve connecting its two endpoints, and no vertex placed on an edge that it is not incident to. A crossing is counted whenever two edges that are disjoint in the graph have a non... | large_corpus_distillation |
"StrongARM-SA-110-Description The SA-110 had a simple microarchitecture. It was a scalar design that executed instructions in-order with a five-stage classic RISC pipeline. The microprocessor was partitioned into several blocks, the IBOX, EBOX, IMMU, DMMU, BIU, WB and PLL. The IBOX contained hardware that operated in t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-core processor-Software effects-Given the increasing emphasis on multi-core chip design, stemming from the grave thermal and power consumption problems posed by any further significant increase in processor clock speeds, the extent to which software can be multithreaded to take advantage of these new chips is li... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ANTLR-Usage-A language is specified using a context-free grammar expressed using Extended Backus\u2013Naur Form (EBNF).\nANTLR can generate lexers, parsers, tree parsers, and combined lexer-parsers. Parsers can automatically generate parse trees or abstract syntax trees, which can be further processed with tree parser... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Imperative logic-J\u00f8rgensen's dilemma-One of a logic's principal concerns is logical validity. It seems that arguments with imperatives can be valid. Consider: P1. Take all the books off the table! P2. Foundations of Arithmetic is on the table." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Amazon SimpleDB-Limitations-partition tolerance \u2013 components in the system are connected to one another by a computer network. If components are not able to contact one another using the network (a condition known as a network partition), operation of the system will continue.Component failures are assumed to be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"B(x,r)\u2286U n\u2208N d(x,x )\u2264r/2 diam(C )<r/2\nsuch that . Now let + be sufficiently large that n and n . Then\nC \u2286B(x,r)\u2286U C U\nn , which contradicts the fact that n cannot be finitely covered by .\nHausdorff Measure and Dimension\nOur last discussion is somewhat advanced, but is important for the st... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence clause structure-Typology of clauses-In standard English, sentences are composed of five clause patterns: Subject + Verb (intransitive)Example: She runs.\nSubject + Verb (transitive) + ObjectExample: She runs the meeting.\nSubject + Verb (linking) + Subject Complement (adjective, noun, pronoun)Example: Abdul ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OpenCritic-Content-OpenCritic collects links to external websites for video game reviews, providing a landing page for the reader. Reviews include both those that are scored (and thus entered into their aggregate score) and unscored reviews, including reviews that come from popular YouTube reviewers. Reviews are summa... | large_corpus_distillation |
third, with the median result becoming more and more difficult to attain on each reiteration: The median results for the second and third rolls are, respectively, 64 and 1-1 (double ones). Naturally, if one knows the likelihood that they will beat their own last roll by rolling again, they also know the likelihood tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuze-Categorization-Impact fuze Impact, percussion or contact fuzes detonate when their forward motion rapidly decreases, typically on physically striking an object such as the target. The detonation may be instantaneous or deliberately delayed to occur a preset fraction of a second after penetration of the target. An... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Good spanning tree-Formal definition-Let G\u03d5 be a plane graph. Let T be a rooted spanning tree of G\u03d5 . Let P(r,v)=(r=u1),u2,\u2026,(v=uk) be the path in T from the root r to a vertex v\u2260r . The path P(r,v) divides the children of ui , (1\u2264i<k) , except ui+1 , into two groups; the left group... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rijndael S-box-Design criteria-The Rijndael S-box can be replaced in the Rijndael cipher, which defeats the suspicion of a backdoor built into the cipher that exploits a static S-box. The authors claim that the Rijndael cipher structure is likely to provide enough resistance against differential and linear cryptanalys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negation-Properties-Distributivity De Morgan's laws provide a way of distributing negation over disjunction and conjunction: \u00ac(P\u2228Q)\u2261(\u00acP\u2227\u00acQ) , and \u00ac(P\u2227Q)\u2261(\u00acP\u2228\u00acQ) Linearity Let \u2295 denote the logical xor operation. In Boolean algebra, a linear function is o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PLOS Pathogens-Measures of Impact-PLOS Pathogens uses Article-Level Metrics (ALMs) to measure the influence of articles based on their individual merits rather than using the journal impact factor. A signpost in the upper right of every article provides summary metrics of citations, views, shares and bookmarks." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hidden compartment-Hidden compartment-A hidden compartment where people can stay is usually referred to as a hidden room or secret room, and can range from parts of small wardrobes or closets under staircases to entire basements or even large mountain complexes. Hidden rooms are often accessed via a hidden door, which... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory dependence prediction-Memory dependence prediction-In general, memory dependence prediction predicts whether two memory operations are dependent, that is, if they interact by accessing the same memory location. Besides using store to load (RAW or true) memory dependence prediction for the out-of-order schedulin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sort (C++)-Other types of sorting-Some containers, among them list, provide specialised version of sort as a member function. This is because linked lists don't have random access (and therefore can't use the regular sort function); and the specialised version also preserves the values list iterators point to." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pigeonhole principle-Examples-Hand shaking If there are n people who can shake hands with one another (where n > 1), the pigeonhole principle shows that there is always a pair of people who will shake hands with the same number of people. In this application of the principle, the 'hole' to which a person is assigned i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclid's theorem-Stronger results-Prime number theorem Let \u03c0(x) be the prime-counting function that gives the number of primes less than or equal to x, for any real number x. The prime number theorem then states that x / log x is a good approximation to \u03c0(x), in the sense that the limit of the quotient of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile Slotted Aloha-Details-A node attempting to reserve a slot can simply pick a free one. The same happens if it is already transmitting and wants to continue transmissions in next frame. A transmission is an implicit reservation for next frame. As a result, reservations are confirmed at each transmission. This is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gradient boosting-Regularization-Subsample size is some constant fraction f of the size of the training set. When f=1 , the algorithm is deterministic and identical to the one described above. Smaller values of f introduce randomness into the algorithm and help prevent overfitting, acting as a kind of regularizatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Forbidden subgraph problem-Upper bounds-Erd\u0151s\u2013Stone theorem Erd\u0151s\u2013Stone theorem states that for all positive integers n and all graphs G , ex {\\textstyle \\operatorname {ex} (n,G)=\\left(1-{\\frac {1}{\\chi (G)-1}}+o(1)\\right){\\binom {n}{2}}.} When G is not bipartite, this gives us a first-o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Average-case complexity-Definitions-Distributional problem The next step is to define the \"average\" input to a particular problem. This is achieved by associating the inputs of each problem with a particular probability distribution. That is, an \"average-case\" problem consists of a language L and an associated pro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mixture distribution-Properties-Here the problem of evaluation of the modes of an n component mixture in a D dimensional space is reduced to identification of critical points (local minima, maxima and saddle points) on a manifold referred to as the ridgeline surface, which is the image of the ridgeline function x\u221... | large_corpus_distillation |
happen to be all real) then allows considering each square matrix to possess a full set of eigenvalues. Alternatively one can consider only matrices with entries in an algebraically closed field, such as C, from the outset." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trade-weighted US dollar index-Trade-weighted US dollar index-The trade-weighted US dollar index, also known as the broad index, is a measure of the value of the United States dollar relative to other world currencies. It is a trade weighted index that improves on the older U.S. Dollar Index by incorporating more curr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear-feedback shift register-Fibonacci LFSRs-There can be more than one maximum-length tap sequence for a given LFSR length. Also, once one maximum-length tap sequence has been found, another automatically follows. If the tap sequence in an n-bit LFSR is [n, A, B, C, 0], where the 0 corresponds to the x0 = 1 term, t... | large_corpus_distillation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.