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Oxford High School shooting	also said would recommend review districts entire system school board members.office michigan attorney general dana nessel offered conduct investigation district declined offer.instead district use outside firm investigation.later interview wxyztv nessel criticized districts decision hire third party conduct investigation saying believe appropriate.also expressed doubts results investigation would made public.on december prosecutor karen mcdonald said oxford high school officials legal grounds search crumbleys backpack locker concerns raised behavior day shooting never unclear reasons.
Oxford High School shooting	also said charges school officials ruled out.december nessel announced offices intent review actions taken school leading shooting despite district turning offer saying really think incumbent upon michigan department attorney general top law enforcement official state conduct review.accused alleged shooter identified yearold sophomore student ethan crumbley.class day shooting.crumbley placed suicide watch taken countys juvenile detention facility.
Oxford High School shooting	maintained right silence family hired attorney.a former neighbor told detroit free press crumbleys parents jennifer james often left son home alone without phone frequenting bars downtown lake orion.neighbor became concerned filed anonymous complaint via phone states child protective services agency know action taken.according prosecutors crumbleys friend moved away end october family dog died causing become depressed.early march started sending mother disturbing texts state mind included claims demons ghosts inside home.also reportedly videotaped torturing animals made molotov cocktails drew sketch committing school shooting also joked friend via text message.
Oxford High School shooting	one point crumbley allegedly kept baby birds head jar later placed school bathroom.parents allegedly never sought therapy incidents.a mm sig sauer sp semiautomatic handgun least two round magazines recovered crumbley third magazine found school.bouchard said james crumbley purchased gun name local shop black friday four days prior shooting.mcdonald later said ethan crumbley father time purchase posted social media later day.mcdonald also said jennifer crumbley referred gun ethans new christmas present social media post.
Oxford High School shooting	based recovered shell casings found school authorities believe least shots fired.unclear gunman took possession gun taken school building.michigan minors cannot legally possess guns limited exceptions hunting adult.behavior prior shooting police said indication crumbley faced disciplinary issues prior shooting crumbley reported met school officials day prior shooting early day shooting discuss behavior.prosecutor karen mcdonald later provided timeline regarding meetings.
Oxford High School shooting	first meeting occurred teacher spotted crumbley using phone search ammunition reported him.discussion crumbley told mother jennifer recently traveled shooting range shooting sports family hobby.school officials left voicemail email jennifer crumbley respond later texted son saying lol im mad you.learn get caught.second meeting occurred another teacher found violent drawing crumbleys desk described mcdonald press conference asa drawing semiautomatic handgun pointing words thoughts wont stop.
Oxford High School shooting	help me.another section note drawing bullet following words bullet blood everywhere.drawing gun bullet drawing person appears shot twice bleeding.figure drawing laughing emoji.drawing words life useless.
Oxford High School shooting	right words world dead.the teacher took photo drawing math worksheet reported crumbley.taken guidance counselors office school staff called crumbleys parents over.waiting school counselors observe behavior crumbley indicated might harm others according superintendent oxford community schools includes oxford high school.upon arrival crumbleys parents shown drawing – crumbley scribbled point attempt conceal contents – instructed seek counseling son within hours otherwise school would call child protective services.resisted idea crumbley leaving school time inform school officials recently purchased gun him.
Oxford High School shooting	returned class prior disciplinary issues.according mcdonald crumbley weapon used somewhere school grounds time meeting.after second meeting crumbley allegedly committed shooting p.m. prosecutors alleged – seven minutes first news reports came shooting school – jennifer crumbley texted son saying ethan dont it.james crumbley called report sig sauer sp handgun missing also said ethan could gunman oxford high.according oxford community schools superintendent discipline warranted time meetings crumbley parents.sheriff bouchard said concerns crumbleys behavior shared office.legal proceedings ethan crumbley crumbley arraigned magistrate homicide attempted homicide charges shortly arrested allow continued custody immediately charged adult.
Oxford High School shooting	december charged terrorism causing death firstdegree murder assault intent murder possession firearm commission felony possibility charges added investigation continues.according associated press appeared first time u.s. history terrorism charge filed relation gunfire incident school grounds.terrorism charge provided michigan law act intended intimidate coerce civilian population case oxford high school community.crumbley charged adult judge nancy t. carniak entered plea guilty behalf.ordered held without bond relocated oakland county jail carniak scheduled probable cause conference december preliminary examination december .crumbley appointed attorney court parents hired lawyers son.at crumbleys probable cause conference december carniak postponed upcoming preliminary examination january allow prosecutors review evidence.
Oxford High School shooting	crumbleys appointed guardian ad litem asked moved back juvenile detention center childrens village crumbley could hear adults violates michigan statute minors held adult facilities request denied carniak.assistant prosecutor marc keast said would contact oakland county jail regarding crumbleys proximity adults.january crumbley waived probable cause hearing bound trial.on january plea guilty entered crumbleys behalf arraignment.january crumbley announced would plead insanity via court filing made lawyers.also requested evaluation criminal responsibility standard procedure crumbley evaluated doctor center forensic psychiatry.
Oxford High School shooting	crumbleys parents announcement charges announcing charges ethan crumbley prosecutor karen mcdonald told reporters office also considering criminal charges crumbleys parents jennifer james connection shooting.said responsible gun ownership crucial stop tragedies responsible held accountable.december mcdonald held press conference announced parents charged four counts involuntary manslaughter failure secure gun crumbley used shooting.rare instance parents charged relation school shooting.search december – charges announced crumbleys parents jennifer james alert issued hours later state authorities crumbleys left area.
Oxford High School shooting	supposed appear attorney turn failed so.oakland county sheriffs office said federal bureau investigation fbi u.s. marshals service oakland county fugitive apprehension team searching parents fbi said involved time.shortly crumbleys attorneys told detroit free press clients flee rather left town safety would return arraigned.however parents missed p.m. arraignment remained large.undersheriff mccabe told cnn attorneys talked parents attempting reach phone text without success.cnn reported jennifer james withdrawn atm rochester hills december turned cell phones.
Oxford High School shooting	late december u.s. marshals released wanted posters jennifer james also announced rewards information leading arrests.at around p.m. december police received tip business owner found crumbleys vehicle parking lot detroit miles km oxford.man also said saw jennifer crumbley fled upon spotted.police responded scene twenty minutes later established perimeter area.around a.m. december police took couple custody finding firstfloor room nearby commercial building.press conference december oakland county sheriff reported person assisted parents entering building additional charges may filed relation fleeing would also charges brought person helped them.
Oxford High School shooting	also said crumbleys unarmed distressed arrests indication planned surrender.the person believed assisted crumbleys identified attorney oakland county resident operated business inside building.claimed aware couple wanted authorities time allowed stay workspace.however declined elaborate nature association them.questioned authorities said cooperative.police conducted search home troy seized several digital devices.
Oxford High School shooting	pretrial proceedings jennifer james crumbley arraigned morning december pleaded guilty charges bail set them.federal prosecutors investigating whether federal laws violated james crumbley purchased handgun son.crumbleys held bonds oakland county jail son currently imprisoned.result three put isolation monitored suicide watch allowed interact indefinite amount time.during crumbleys probable cause conference december judge postponed preliminary examination february setting bond hearing january year.bond hearing judge sided prosecutors declined lower crumbleys bond saying flight risk charges serious warrant lowering.
Oxford High School shooting	school district december multiple survivors shooting filed two million lawsuits oxford community schools employees.least one lawsuit alleges school officials failed stop shooting ignored several warning signs threats posted social media brought schools attention.december lawyer representing two survivors requested judge order school officials restore preserve social media pages evidence claimed willfully destroyed district following shooting judge granted request.oxford community schools filed motion dismiss original lawsuit december claiming attorney filed without conducting due diligence required rules professional responsibility done effort news.complaint filed districts attorneys claimed former dean students included due attorney removing man received death threats suffered significant emotional stress.argued man removed suit attorney given significant sanctions.on january survivors shooting filed updated million lawsuit added eleven new counts named school officials.
Oxford High School shooting	updated lawsuit included principal administrators accusing gross negligence alleging actions caused serious permanent physical emotional trauma.according lawsuit school officials aware disturbing posts made crumbley social media well tendencies toward animal cruelty still allowed continue attending school directed teachers counselors discourage reports crumbleys behavior.on january superintendent oxford community schools wrote statement disputing accusations made district lawsuits.said school officials discover reported ammunition displayed crumbley aware crumbleys social media presence tips made november forwarded investigated law enforcement different student crumbley responsible leaving jar baby birds head inside school bathroom.also said crumbley met counselor dean students prior shooting school administrators restorative practices coordinator.additionally claimed oxford high school principal assistant principals ran towards sound gunfire administer aid injured look gunman.
Oxford High School shooting	january district asked federal judge suspend lawsuit trials crumbley parents done saying could interfere prosecution.aftermath many students traumatized distressed shooting affected loss classmates seen bodies ground.michigan department health human services supplied help support students families..million resources approved oakland county board commissioners response shooting since november .oxford community schools closed schools rest week.
Oxford High School shooting	districts reopening plan included soft opening included law enforcement presence trained clinicians standby support.oxford high school remained closed january prior students attending classes buildings.prior january districts superintendent announced middle high school students would required wear clear backpacks elementary school students required keep backpacks lockers cubbies day.memorials fundraisers three prayer services held night november attended hundreds.memorial created outside school stuffed animals flowers left behind.
Oxford High School shooting	candlelight vigil held michigan state university december honor victims shooting.an online petition started rename schools stadium tate myre one victims killed shooting.memorial patch commemorate victims shooting created michigan wolverines football team first worn december big ten championship game.detroit lions minnesota vikings also created tshirts hats wore helmet patch commemorate victims week game december player jalen elliott wore altered version no.jersey bore myres name.myre also given honorary fivestar rating sports recruitment site sports.com.
Oxford High School shooting	also received honorary offer michigan state university.a gofundme created family member victim madisyn baldwin help pay funeral costs.baldwins family created hashtag name identify acts kindness support way honor her.additional fundraisers victims families seen online crowdfunding pages local businesses selling items tshirts help cover medical funeral costs.others used phrase oxfordstrong sell fundraising items hashtag social media.phrase also used identify drop box location setup township cards letters support.the organization march lives held event oxford december shared experiences students oxford high.copycat threats arrests copycat threats numerous metro detroit schools made following day december leading many area districts cancel classes least one day according sheriff bouchard least schools affected closures.
Oxford High School shooting	december least schools different districts michigan six states closed schools wake additional threats.bouchard also vowed investigate oakland county prosecutor mcdonald said press criminal charges anyone threatens violence schools county.schools around country faced threats social media december closing precaution.others increased security police presence campuses even investigating threats finding lacked credibility threats coming states.multiple police stations school districts issued statements threats actions would taken individuals make them.additional statement issued tiktok large majority threats allegedly identified made company removed many threatening videos posted working law enforcement.
Oxford High School shooting	responses president joe biden u.s. representative elissa slotkin whose district includes oxford high school expressed condolences shooting.governor gretchen whitmer said statement devastated students staff families school calling gun violence public health crisis.whitmer also ordered flags michigan fly halfstaff.democratic politicians michigan legislature vowed pursue new gun control legislation revive stalled bills relating gun control.families victims sandy hook elementary school shooting expressed solidarity families oxford shooting.survivors families victims stoneman douglas high school shooting expressed outrage oxford shooting expressed desire continue fighting change.all four professional detroit sports teams lions pistons tigers red wings expressed condolences community.
PolyGram	notes referencesfounded grammophonphilips group dutch corporation philips german corporation siemens holding record companies renamed polygram .name chosen reflect siemens interest polydor records philips interest phonogram records.company traced origins deutsche grammophon back inventor flat disc gramophone emil berliner.later polygram expanded largest global entertainment company creating film television divisions.may sold alcoholic distiller seagram owned film television music company universal studios.polygram thereby folded universal music group polygram filmed entertainment folded universal pictures seagram successors mca.
PolyGram	newly formed entertainment division seagram faced financial difficulties sold vivendi mca became known universal studios seagram ceased exist.vivendi remains majority owner universal music group film television division sold nbcuniversal .february umg revived company name polygram entertainment currently serves film television division.history hollandsche decca distributie hdd – decca records london licensed record shop owner h.w.van zoelen distributor netherlands.
PolyGram	company hollandsche decca distributie hdd become exclusive decca distributor netherlands colonies.course hdd put together facilities ar recording manufacturing.hdd commercially successful world war ii absence american british competition.van zoelen wanted sell philips hdd would sufficient financial backing major competitors returned war.led philips purchase hdd .in mid th century majority large recording companies manufactured gramophones records philips ceo anton philips noted risk creating gramophones without interest music recording record manufacture radio corporation america rca merged victor talking machine company reason.philips labs developing magnetic tape lps could support eventual new formats although record companies notably unenthusiastic experimenting new formats.after war philips built large factory doetinchem produce rpm records.
PolyGram	recording took place hilversum whereas development took place eindhoven.philips phonografische industrie ppi – record business spread within philips research eindhoven labs development elsewhere eindhoven recording hilversum manufacturing doetinchem distribution amsterdam exports eindhoven.late philips combined various music businesses philips phonografische industrie ppi wholly owned subsidiary.ppis early growth based alliances.merger first proposed decca london late rejected edward lewis deccas owner.polygram finally acquired decca .in early philips set goal making ppi largest record company europe.ppis second attempt merger deutsche grammophon gesellschaft dgg.
PolyGram	dgg owned siemens ag well known classical repertoire german licensee decca .dgg also owned polydor records.shortly ppi founded made formal alliance dgg manufacture others records coordinate releases refrain poaching others artists bidding new talent.ppi dgg finally merged .the alliance dgg still left ppi without repertoire britain united states.columbia failed renew international distribution agreement emi ppi agreed distribute columbia recordings outside united states.
PolyGram	columbia became ppis distributor within us.agreement ran columbia set european network.ppi signed worldwide distribution deal mercury records .ppis parent company philips u.s. affiliate consolidated electronics industries corp a.k.a.conelco acquired mercury .ppi built bought factories smaller countries.
PolyGram	ppi large factory baarn factories france britain denmark norway spain italy egypt nigeria brazil.ppi played important role introduction longplaying vinyl record europe.columbia introduced lp record philips presented first lp record retailers convention .philips commitment lp technology important factor – deal columbia.gpg polygram – ppi dgg formed grammophonphilips group gpg jointventure holding company philips taking share dgg siemens share ppi.uk record labels philips fontana mercury vertigo amalgamated new company called phonogram ltd. grammophonphilips group reorganized operations renamed polygram group countries like argentina name phonogram philips siemens owned .
PolyGram	organizations merged operationally integrating recording manufacturing distribution marketing single organization.the various record labels within polygram continued operate separately.polygram gave labels ar organizations great autonomy.after merger polygram began move us uk markets process formation acquisition polydor records established american operations polydor incorporated mercury record productions us acquired sister company north american philips corp. became phonogram inc. mgm records verve us acquired rso uk stake casablanca us remaining pickwick decca uk latter acquisition basically brought polygram full circle see hdd section above.polygram acquired united distribution corporation udc changed name phonodisc inc. signed international distribution deals mca th century records .in late early philips work new consumer magnetic tape format music.philips compact cassette introduced .small could play longer lp.
PolyGram	cassette accounted revenues growing ..in late gpgpolygram diversified film television production home video.rsos successes included saturday night fever grease.polygrams highly successful marketing disco craze included casablanca filmworks production thank god friday associated soundtrack.boom disco polygrams us market share grown .also attributed multimillion selling albums bee gees donna summer village people andy gibb kool gang rock band kiss.
PolyGram	short late worlds largest record company.in polygram established direct mailorder business uk britannia music club ran till .reorganization – acquisition udc distribution organization large polygram losing money.us operations running full capacity polygram expanded aggressively would press large quantities records without knowing demand.late polygram caught guard sudden end popularity disco music leaving underutilized distribution network profligate labels optimistic product orders.polygrams casablanca label known management spending lavish industry parties luxury cars.
PolyGram	polygrams losses spiraled upwards us million.another contributing factor polygrams financial woes massive failure big budget musical sgt.peppers lonely hearts club band .film starred bee gees peter frampton height popularity featured beatles covers well aerosmith billy preston earth wind fire.film highly anticipated surpass box office success saturday night fever grease mostly due popular music stars.soundtrack lp based advance orders released triple platinum.
PolyGram	however movie released poor reviews died box office.despite triple platinum start soundtrack lps sales bombed films release.turn record dealers flooded polygram returned lps.resulting losses nearly wiped profits company made saturday night fever grease soundtracks.company took loses disco craze ended record sales bee gees casablancas village people plummeted.
PolyGram	polygram also experienced losses defection casablancas donna summer newly formed geffen records well dropping andy gibb whose personal problems cocaine alcohol began affect recording career rso.summer bee gees also legal disputes labels complicated matters.summer ended contract polygram awarded rights songwriting catalog courts owed one album finished contract recording album works hard money title track huge hit .in polygram created polygram pictures partnership peter guber.late early polygram continued invest diversified film unit purchases individual production companies.in philips executive jan timmer became member group management polygram appointed president chief executive officer newly formed parent company polygram international ltd. .cut workforce reduced polygrams lp cassette plants eighteen five decreased companys dependence superstars spreading repertoire across different genres nurturing national regional talent.
PolyGram	also polygrams u.s. roster labels time includedpolydormercurylondonlondonffrrcasablanca later reincarnated rsodeliterivathreshold owned moody bluestin pan apple polydor recordstotal experience founded lonnie simmons atlanta artists founded cameo lead singer larry blackmon...which consolidated polygram records inc. umg recordings inc. polygram launched domestic television syndication unit polygram television unrelated latter day incarnation became universal worldwide television soon folded two years.under new company polygram decided discontinue philips pop rock label uk throughout much europe though still frequently issued records france south east asia chinese hong kong pop artists.majority polygrams rock pop music signings went mercury polydor uk europe though label used sparingly america.philips became part polygram classics classical music label along decca records deutsche grammophon.polygram returned profitability.wing records reincarnated became popular label following years spawning careers tony toni toné former miss america vanessa williams label discontinued mids.fontana revived u.s. short while.
PolyGram	today fontana distribution independent label distribution unit universal music group.vertigo records still remained rare u.s. polygram label music europe.in polygram purchased th century fox records th century foxits similarly named parent recently bought oil magnate marvin davis interested keeping record company.assets former th century fox records consolidated companys casablanca label.after attempted merger warner elektra atlantic failed philips bought polygram siemens acquiring remaining .in former cbs columbia executive dick asher named president ceo polygram.asher formerly attorney kirshners aldon music music publishing company.the cd invented philips sony helped greatly boosting companys sales market share.polygrams strength classical music helped greatly many cds early adopters classical music lovers.
PolyGram	total us sales cds million million million .total uk sales million million .cd increased polygrams profit margin mids early s. well videos distributed polygram video.in philips acquired remaining polygram longtime partner siemens later floated polygram amsterdam stock exchange valuing whole company .billion.polygram embarked new program acquisitions including island records swedish company polar music held rights abba catalogue motown def jam rodven venezuela .in acquiring island alain levy executive vicepresident polygram n.v. reorganized u.s. operations polygram records inc. new expanded conglomerate polygram group distribution inc. addition overseeing sales marketing manufacturing distribution music video products created polygram pgd also responsible supervising number divisions within polygram u.s. polygram music group polygram video polymedia polygram special markets polygram merchandising independent label sales ils new media business development.polygram granada tv formed joint venture big picture productions music programing firm cannes purchased exclusive international distribution rights brown sugar twohour special featured black female performers hosted billy dee williams new york–based gene david group.in june alain levy promoted worldwide president ceo polygram n.v.in polygram purchased video arm virgin group general electric capital .
PolyGram	million remodeled label vision video ltd.in polygram purchased itc entertainment million.in may polygram sold seagram billion.seagram owned universal pictures universal music group sold polygrams assets.itc entertainment library sold carlton communications £ million preapril polygram filmed entertainment library sold metrogoldwynmayer polygrams us distributor sold usa networks slash records london records sold warner music group.june alain levy resigned ceo polygram.what remained polygram merged universal music group universal pictures.name survives via reissue music polydor records label well publishing arm universal music publishing group.
PolyGram	japanese branches polygram labels absorbed form universal music japan merged one label universal sigma.polygram entertainment universal music group umg dabbling documentary field hand producing amy winehouse documentary amy well hbos kurt cobain montage heck.january umg hired david blackman head newly formed film tv unit would report universal music publishing group chairmanceo jody gerson umg executive vice president michele anthony.polygram entertainment relaunched february film television unit universal music group.announcement revived polygram codistributed studio canal september documentary beatles eight days week.polygram slate first production story motown documentary record labels cultural historical effects.
PolyGram	also slate coproduction financing mystify biography inxs frontman michael hutchence.republic records working polygram appointed first executive vicepresident film television july oversee film tv projects federal films initiative.june company announced appointment daniel inkeles post vice president scripted film television moved sister vivendi company studiocanal umg.lionsgate polygram agreed multiyear firstlook television deal august develop projects tv umgs portfolio labels artists music umg issuing corresponding soundtracks.universal music group agreed april allow wondery license use umg music catalog develop story podcasts umg artists would possibly adapted tv film projects.wondery would work umg labels polygram entertainment film tv production unit.films tv series notable labels recordsdef jam recordingsdeutsche grammophonfontana recordsisland recordslondon recordsmercury recordsmotownphilips recordsphonogram inc.polydor recordstotal experience recordsvertigo records see also list record labelsworking title filmspolygram filmed entertainmentchocolate city records sources bakker gerben.
Los Alfaques disaster	making music multinational international strategy polygram .business history review spring pp.–.preprint references external links official websitepolygram last.fm.cfddafcbfbeacadda ddbccbcebbed polygram publishing catalog musicbrainztanker truck loaded tons highly flammable liquefied propylene.people including driver killed severely burned.most victims vacationers spanish foreign tourists los alfaques seaside campsite.campsite located km n national road km south town sant carles de la ràpita.renovated since still exists today.circumstances truck consisting pegaso tractor unit registered mc fruehauf semitrailer tanker registered mr owned cisternas reunidas s.a. day truck driven yearold francisco imbernón villena arrived stateowned enpetrol refinery located la pobla de mafumet km north tarragona loaded propylene another stateowned company paular repsol puertollano.at truck left refinery carrying .
Los Alfaques disaster	short tons .kg propylene tons maximum design load .tons.tanker drivers instructions take smaller n national road instead larger motorway carrying cargo barcelona order avoid motorway toll.time disaster n narrow winding coastal road carried drivers directly several densely populated areas.on summer day temperatures °c – °f pressure tank would – kpa – psi.
Los Alfaques disaster	accident disaster occurred ca.truck moving past los alfaques campsite travelled km mi.drivers watch found still attached drivers burned wrist stopped time explosion.there several different witness reports events directly preceding blast less equally plausible.reported tank already leaking approached site sprang leak loud bang passing site stopped driver.others reported bang caused blown tire caused truck swerve control crash wall separating campsite roadside possibly overturning process.in either case leaking tanker formed cloud gaseous propylene partially entered campsite also drifted wind towards discothèque northeast.
Los Alfaques disaster	white cloud attracted attention campsite patrons approached cloud curiosity continued spread.cloud began permeate crowded discothèque reached spark ignition source instantly flashed back tanker causing fire almost instantaneously caused weakened tank explode ignited entire load gas.at time campsite south crowded nearly vacationers mostly german foreign tourists packed tightly trailers tents.blast fireball estimated °c °f left .metres ft × ft crater destroyed everything – cars trailers buildings – within ft radius charred everything within ft radius gutting main camping area.sq ft discothèque northeast later determined likely source ignition also razed killing staff members inside.
Los Alfaques disaster	additionally vehicles tents charred restaurant partially collapsed tanker truck broken three main pieces.victims emergency response explosion fireball instantly killed driver people within area.total people died site result initial explosion subsequent fires explosions cars gas cylinders used tourists.victims seen hair clothing fire fleeing sea attempt put flames.in first minutes disaster wounded removed uncoordinated fashion help survivors using cars vans.locals also provided help took wounded hospitals.
Los Alfaques disaster	ambulances emergency forces gradually arrived.civil guard armed forces searched devastated camp survivors.took three hours last wounded removed taken hospital.the burning tanker blocked road dividing injured two groups one taken northwards southwards.road north injured received adequate medical care reached either hospitals amposta tortosa.stage final destination severely burned patients francisco franco hospital barcelona.
Los Alfaques disaster	eightytwo severely burned patients taken south la fe hospital valencia.cases medical steps importance taken journey.several injured developed severe shock journey measurable blood pressure arrival.many patients burns covering bodies died following days.contributing high mortality figure inappropriate medical care given en route hospital.in week following disaster patients france germany belgium netherlands evacuated countries.
Los Alfaques disaster	people wounded severely.people died result disaster total number people died following months result injuries least .among four spaniards others foreigners.official figure number victims .many victims burned beyond recognition.wearing swimming suits building documents stored destroyed explosion.
Los Alfaques disaster	dna test available time.result work done forensic teams tourists home countries victims eventually identified.seven victims remained unidentified time later interred cemetery tortosa tarragona.bodies french family consisting couple two children returned france years later compensation settled.bodies another family three originating colombia never sent home remain foreigners interred cemetery tortosa along local victims.inquiry following accident cisternas reunidas accepted responsibility disaster denied order prohibition drivers use motorway instead national road claiming driver chose road take.
Los Alfaques disaster	later workers tarragona plant stated heard imbernón heatedly arguing someone phone demanding money motorway toll.enpetrol initially declined responsibility claiming delivery cargo carriers responsibility received complaint.the official inquiry identified truck severely overloaded also lacked emergency pressure release valves designed help prevent boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion bleve case fire.however valves longer mandatory although previously were.truck due inspection checkover passed previous inspection.the tank container manufactured december workshop bilbao time meet requirements carrying flammable liquids since lacked emergency pressure release valves.therefore tank used carry substances highly corrosive.tests remnants steel tank revealed microscopic stress cracks consistent corrosion caused previous loads improperly overpressurized anhydrous ammonia.
Los Alfaques disaster	combined whether tanker suffered impact caused additional structural damage factors likely led almost instantaneous rupture tank flames flashed back tanker.even without safety valves structurally sound properly filled tanker able maintain structural integrity fire long enough least allow nearby people escape.the inquiry also revealed overloading tankers common practice enpetrol refineries.tarragona facility lacked either meter measure amount gas dispensed automatic shutoff device prevent overfilling consequently tanks consistently overloaded.driver neither informed overloading type class cargo means check pressure level tank departed monitor transit.attended hazmat training program drivers dangerous goods company considered experience twenty years truck driver sufficient.
Los Alfaques disaster	inquiry also determined january july year tanks left tarragona refinery overloaded drivers imbernón.aftermath tragedy transit populated areas vehicles carrying dangerous cargo prohibited spain would driven night.in four employees enpetrol two cisternas reunidas convicted criminal negligence sentenced prison one four years.later four released appealing courts decision prison sentences suspended reduced.two companies paid equivalent €.million allowing inflation compensation victims.
Los Alfaques disaster	popular culture accident featured german film day disaster directed peter keglevic.however film loosely based real facts contains blunders factual errors cars registration plates could appeared years later driver spending night home already overloaded tanker parked front house.los alfaques today six months tragedy completely renovated campsite reopened tourists los alfaques continued operation.in owners stilloperating los alfaques campsite sought relief spanish courts newly approved right forgotten act passed spain arguing googles search results unfairly weighted towards disaster driving away business.campsite owners protested even years disaster top google search results los alfaques still focused tragedy including many gruesome thumbnails burnt human remains stacked caskets coroner procedures cleanup campground.trial dismissed plaintiffs informed would need pursue u.s. lawsuit google.
Los Alfaques disaster	see also list transportation fires notes references czech magazine svět motorů world motors no.hymes boydell prescott institution chemical engineers great britain.thermal radiation physiological pathological effects.icheme pub .appx.case hist.
Los Alfaques disaster	pp.–.external links article accident including photos truck remnants spanishan article accident el pais spanishan article trial el pais spanishlos alfaques campsite web pagea collection articles los alfaques disaster spanishscan article czech magazine svět motorů no.day disaster aka tarragona ein paradies flammen.imdb.
Metropolitan Police	.addition met police also responsible specialised matters throughout united kingdom responsibilities include coordinating leading national counterterrorism measures personal safety specific individuals monarch members royal family members government officials leader opposition.the main geographical area responsibilities metropolitan police district consists london boroughs include city london proper – central financial district also known square mile – policed separate force city london police.force responsible police area also capital united kingdom met significant unique responsibilities challenges protecting foreign embassies high commissions policing london city heathrow airports policing protecting palace westminster dealing significantly protests events force country events .the force officer numbers largest united kingdom significant margin one biggest world.leaving national responsibilities aside met eighthsmallest police area primary geographic area responsibility territorial police forces united kingdom.the force led commissioner whose formal title commissioner police metropolis.commissioner answerable responsible accountable queen home office mayor london mayors office policing crime.post commissioner first held jointly sir charles rowan sir richard mayne.
Metropolitan Police	dame cressida dick commissioner april resignation february .a number informal names abbreviations applied metropolitan police service common met.colloquial london cockney slang sometimes referred old bill.met also referred scotland yard location original headquarters road called great scotland yard whitehall.mets current headquarters new scotland yard situated victoria embankment.history metropolitan police service founded robert peel metropolitan police act september year first constables service appeared streets london.
Metropolitan Police	ten years later metropolitan police act consolidated policing within london expanding metropolitan police district either abolishing amalgamating various law enforcement entities within london metropolitan police thames river police bow street runners.governance since january mayor london responsible governance metropolitan police mayors office policing crime mopac.mayor able appoint someone act behalf.april officeholder deputy mayor policing crime sophie linden.work mopac scrutinised police crime committee also known police crime panel london assembly.
Metropolitan Police	structures created police reform social responsibility act replaced metropolitan police authorityappointed board created greater london authority act .police area forces area policed metropolitan police service known metropolitan police district mpd.met divided borough operational command units directly aligned london boroughs covered.situation changed since met attempted save money due cuts funding.mpd divided basic command units bcus made two three four boroughs.
Metropolitan Police	criticism changes.city london london borough separate police area responsibility separate city london police.the ministry defence police responsible policing ministry defence property throughout united kingdom including headquarters whitehall mod establishments across mpd.the british transport police responsible policing rail network united kingdom including london.within london also responsible policing london underground tramlink emirates air line cable car docklands light railway.the english part royal parks constabulary patrolled number greater londons major parks merged metropolitan police parks policed royal parks operational command unit.also small park police force kew constabulary responsible royal botanic gardens whose officers full police powers within park.local authorities maintain borough park constabularies including wandsworth parks events police kensington chelsea parks police havering parks constabulary hampstead heath constabulary.
Metropolitan Police	enjoy powers arrest without warrant constables however officers latter full police powers much like officers metropolitan police heath.parks police primarily focus bylaw enforcement.metropolitan police officers legal jurisdiction throughout england wales including areas special police forces ministry defence police officers territorial police forces.officers also limited powers scotland northern ireland.within mpd met take investigation serious crime ministry defence police lesser degree btp deemed appropriate.terrorist incidents complex murder enquiries almost always investigated met assistance relevant specialist force even committed ministry defence railway property.
Metropolitan Police	minor incursion normal jurisdiction territorial police officers england wales met officers involved protection duties royal family vips full police powers scotland northern ireland connection duties.organisation structure metropolitan police service organised following directoratesfrontline policingmet operationsspecialist operationsdirectorate professionalismshared support services part met headquarterseach overseen assistant commissioner case administrative departments director police staff equivalent civilian staff grade.management board made commissioner deputy commissioner assistant commissioners directors.ranks metropolitan police service uses standard british police ranks indicated shoulder boards chief superintendent uniquely five ranks level instead standard three namely commander deputy assistant commissioner assistant commissioner deputy commissioner commissioner.senior officers rank commander chief police officers npcc previously acpo rank.the met approved use name badges october new recruits wearing velcro badges september .
Metropolitan Police	badge consists wearers rank followed surname.officers assigned unique identification number includes twoletter borough code.following controversy assaults uniformed officers concealed shoulder identification numbers g summit commissioner sir paul stephenson said public right able identify uniformed officer whilst performing duty shoulder identification numbers.insignia met uniformed officer rank structure epaulette design followsthe met also several active volunteer police cadet units maintain internal rank structure.metropolitan special constabulary contingent parttime volunteer police officers attached borough operational command units.
Metropolitan Police	metropolitan special constabulary ranks followsthe prefix woman front female officers ranks obsolete since .members criminal investigation department cid including rank chief superintendent prefix ranks detective.detective ranks equivalent rank uniform counterparts.departments special branch child protection award nondetectives branch detective status allowing use detective prefix.none detective ranks confer holder extra pay supervisory authority compared uniformed colleagues.
Metropolitan Police	workforce following current released workforce data ranks.chief officers rank covers senior ranks well special constables covering special constable ranks.resources metropolitan police service consists police officers special constables latter volunteers generally part time full police powers police community support officers police staff civilians.met first force introduce pcsos.unlike police staff pcsos police officers employees servants crown.
Metropolitan Police	funding metropolitan police cut due austerity.changes way government pays police pensions lead cuts.police numbers police officers special constables police community support officers designated detention officers police staff dogs around horses historic numbers police officers approximate approximate approximate approximate excluding special constables excluding special constables excluding special constables excluding special constables excluding special constables excluding special constables excluding special constablesinclude temporary constables war periodincludes officers policing majestys dockyards throughout country fleet met operates maintains fleet nearly vehicles.fleet covered miles km.fleet comprises numerous vehicles includingincident response vehicles irv used patrol emergency response.qcars unmarked response vehicles belonging variety departments.area cars carry role irvs driven advanced driver engage tactical phase pursuit – much like traffic unit.armed response vehicle arv transports authorised firearms officers trained arv level incidents typically including firearms weaponstraffic units respond incidents major roads enforce traffic laws encourage road safety.motorcycles utilised roads transport policing command parliamentary diplomatic protection agile patrol response.scrambler bikes used operation venice officers combat moped gangs.collision investigation units ciu respond appropriately investigate major road traffic collisions.protected carriers used public order duties.personnel carriers used transport numerous officers patrol incidents well nonviolent public order situations.station vans used transport officers suspects cage rear van.commercial vehicle units used respond incidents involving commercial vehicles.cbrn units used mitigate chemical biological radiological nuclear incidents.
Metropolitan Police	identified large amount equipment lockers newer vans large array detecting equipment top older vans.control units used incident command control purposes.armoured multirole vehicles used public order duties airport counterterrorism duties required.general purpose vehicles used general support transportation duties officers equipment.training vehicles used train police drivers.miscellaneous vehicles horseboxes trailers.the majority vehicles service life three five years met replaces upgrades vehicles year.met marking new marked vehicles battenburg markings highlyreflective material side vehicles chequered blue yellow police colours services.old livery orange stripe vehicle forces logo.the national police air service provides helicopter support met.a marine policing unit operates vessels base wapping.budget forces expenditure single years adjusted inflation.crime figures crimes reported within metropolitan police district selected quarter centuries.
Metropolitan Police	detection rates following table shows percentage detection rates metropolitan police offence group .the metropolitan police service screened crimes day reported investigate further.compares previous year.crimes closed hours first months making likely total exceeded.crimes investigated include sexual assaults arson burglaries thefts assaults.critics believe shows effect austerity forces ability carry responsibilities.
Metropolitan Police	specialist units protection command – command split two branches royalty specialist protection rasp parliamentary diplomatic protection padp.rasp provides personal armed protection royal family prime minister ministers ambassadors visiting heads state.padp responsible providing armed officers protect palace westminster important residences downing street many embassies found located london.royal palaces responsibility rasp.special escort group seg responsible escorting royal family prime minister ministers ambassadors visiting heads state occasionally prisoner transport.
Metropolitan Police	use motorcyclists halt traffic use armed cars rear escort armed assistance traffic control.escort passed roads immediately opened different united states handle police escorts tend close road completely.seg officers armed.motto lead others follow.aviation policing command – responsible providing policing majority armed officers heathrow airport london city airport.flying squad – unit investigates intercepts armed robberies.name comes fact members travelled across divisional borough boundaries.trident gang crime command – investigates works prevent gang crime.roads transport policing command – provides policing transport network london comprising numerous divisions traffic division patrols road pursuing fleeing suspects enforcing speed safety drink driving road crime team focuses dangerous drivers priority roads uninsured vehicles fatal four offences safer transport team stt provide policing presence transport londons buses investigates crimes committed them.specialist firearms command – sco responsible providing armed response support across whole london authorised firearms officers afo travelling arvs armed response vehicles responding calls involving firearms weapons.
Metropolitan Police	sco number ctsfos counter terrorist specialist firearms officers additional training.dog support unit – dsu provides highly trained dogs police handlers.trained detect drugs firearms respond searches missing people fleeing suspects.bombdetection dogs also used specific duties.marine policing unit – mpu provides policing waterways london responding situations river thames tracking stopping illegal vessels entering exiting london.mounted branch – provides policing horseback london.one duties escorting royal guard mall buckingham palace every morning april july occasionally remainder year.also provide public order support commonly called police football matches event unrest.
Metropolitan Police	officers trained public order tactics horseback.police support unit psu – trained deal variety public order situations outside remit capability regular divisional officers.territorial support group tsg – highly trained officers specialised public order large scale riots responding around london marked public order vehicles pov constables sergeant pov.aim secure capital terrorism respond disorder london reduce priority crime borough support.respond highlyprotective uniform riots large disorder protecting thrown objects hazards.violent crime task force vctf – formed april vctf panlondon proactive response team knife serious violent crime made ringfenced dedicated police officers solely focus violent crime weaponenabled crime serious criminality.stations addition headquarters new scotland yard many police stations london.range large borough headquarters staffed around clock every day smaller stations may open public normal business hours certain days week.
Metropolitan Police	working front counters open public london.most police stations easily identified one blue lamps located outside entrance introduced .the oldest metropolitan police station opened bow street closed adjoining bow street magistrates court heard last case july .oldest operational police station london wapping opened .headquarters marine policing unit formerly known thames division responsible policing river thames.also houses mortuary river police museum.paddington green police station longer operational received much publicity housing terrorism suspects underground complex prior closure .in call institute public policy research imaginative planning police stations aid improving relations police forces wider community.officers killed line duty police roll honour trust lists commemorates british police officers killed line duty.
Metropolitan Police	controversies police shot dead jean charles de menezes brazilian man wrongly identified perpetrator attempted terrorist bombings day before.during covid pandemic metropolitan police found .times likely issue fines black people lockdown breaches relative general population.the met said total white people received fpns fixed penalty notices arrested individual ethnic groups.however compared composition resident population higher proportions black minority ethnic bame groups issued fpns arrested across london whole.reasons likely complex reflect range factors.includes interactions areas subject significant proactive policing activity targeting crime hotspots variation age profile geographical distribution ethnic groups london.in mps attracted media coverage approaches policing highprofile cases death sarah everard deaths nicole smallman bibaa henry handling internal sexual assault allegations.
Metropolitan Police	womens rights groups called enquiry misogyny force.in march wayne couzens serving metropolitan police officer parliamentary diplomatic protection unit arrested later charged kidnap murder sarah everard.couzens later sentenced life without possibility parole.remanded custody trial later year.renewed calls high level resignations following public outcry mets response everard case.in april earlycareer metropolitan police officer ben hannam found guilty member banned terrorist group.in december inquest jury ruled deaths – serial killer stephen ports final three victims due part met polices failings.inquest found met failed carry basic checks send evidence forensically examined exercise professional curiosity port embarking killing spree.at beginning february independent office police conduct iopc repeated conduct officers based main charing cross police station.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	investigation found evidence highly sexualized violent discriminatory messages sent part whatsapp group involving officers.regional director iopc sal naseem said behaviour uncovered disgraceful fell well standards expected officers involved.officers predominantly worked teams westminster since disbanded know recent cases issues isolated historic.see also london emergency serviceslondons air ambulance charitylondon ambulance servicelondon fire brigadecity london police references external links official website metropolitan police majestys inspectorate constabulary fire rescue servicesmetropolitan police collected news commentary guardian inspector denning victorian police westminster uk parliament living heritageparliamentary archives records metropolitan policeaccording police duo held allegedly keeping mobile accessories shop open beyond permissible hours june .fir filed two june taken custody.however cbi chargesheet claimed violation lockdown rules.sexually assaulted tortured police custody leading deaths.june beniks fell ill moved kovilpatti general hospital died later day.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	following day june father also died.custodial death two men tamil nadus sathankulam town thoothukudi district sparked massive outrage state police brutality.timeline events june according multiple eyewitnesses sathankulam police picked jeyaraj taken police station conduct inquiry argument allegedly taken place police others near jeyarajs wood workshop previous day.on june around pm beniks shop near kamarajar statue sathankulam town friend rushed news father jeyaraj picked police.worried father beniks friend rushed sathankulam police station.beniks called police waiting outside.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	went question father taken station allegedly assaulted.soon friends beniks lawyers gathered outside police station.according benikss friends heard police shout dare speak police.eyewitness say violence inside police station escalated subinspector raghu ganesh arrived.police volunteers present inside station also allegedly started assaulting duo.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	lawyers allowed meet beniks father june.on june according duos lawyer maniraman change many six lungis due profuse bleeding rectums.police took jeyaraj beniks kovilpatti hospital medical fitness testing.medical fitness certificate provided doctor vennila.taken sathankulam magistrate saravanan remanded injured duo custody without examining physical condition.d.saravanan came stood balcony house team police standing around jayaraj beniks entrance.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	without following protocol examine d.saravanan waved hands police take away.d.saravanan complacent duty took side police casual way.on june beniks undergoing treatment government hospital kovilpatti died pm due heavy internal bleeding.p. jeyaraj admitted government hospital kovilpatti authorities sub jail kovilpatti day pm.on june p. jeyaraj died due punctured lung undergoing treatment.high court human rights commission madurai bench madras high court took suo motu cognizance matter june bench consisting justices p.n.prakash b. pugalendhi ordered superintendent police thoothukudi inquire incident submit status report.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	order given videograph autopsy court ordered done panel three experts presence magistrate police completed inquest proceedings.copies reports autopsy inquest submitted high court.state human rights commission tamil nadu taken suo motu cognizance offence asked police department file reply regard.judicial inquiry pendency autopsy inquiry magistrate bharathidasan submitted report high court describing rude behaviour constable maharajan sathankulam police station.report magistrate said constable maharajan made “very disparaging remark” presence kumar additional superintendent police c prathapan deputy superintendent police even policemen station recorded videos proceeding.following complaint madurai bench madras high court began suo motu contempt court proceeding ordered inspector general police south zone take action officers.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	inspector general suspended maharajan kumar adsp c prathapan dsp moved waiting list.high court also directed thoothukudi district collector depute revenue officials take control police station enable magistrate collect necessary documents.incident represents first time history indian police district administration seized control police station.judges directed additional director forensic sciences department send team experts collect materials station.reaction social media celebrities politicians several notable people used social media reveal details attack condemn police action.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	hundreds thousands tweets sent using hashtag justiceforjayarajandbennix among top twitter topics trending india june among top trending globally.celebrities including ravichandran ashwin shikhar dhawan suchitra siddharth khushbu jayam ravi karthik subbaraj d. imman suriya used hashtag.jignesh mevani social activist lawyer gujarat western india wrote twitter george floyd india far many.film director hari issued statement condemning police brutality expressing regret glorifying policemen five films.official response police department suspended two sub inspectors inspector.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	entire team sathankulam police station including ranks transferred locations.kanimozhi member parliament lok sabha thoothukudi constituency said incident collective failure police officials gross violation human rights.june tamil nadu chief minister edappadi k palaniswami directed probe deaths handed cbi.cbi investigation central bureau investigation registered two cases july related allegations custodial death.request tamil nadu government notification govt india taken investigation cases earlier registered vide crime no.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	police station kovilpatti.cbi team camped continuously madurai worked case covid pandemic.investigation police officials including inspectorsho sub inspector hc constables sathankulam police station arrested.cbi filed chargesheet .. arrested police officials us b ipc rw sections substantive offences.one accused sub inspector palthurai died investigation due covid.according cbi chargesheet postmortem report established police officers brutally tortured jeyaraj beniks “had inflicted several injuries knowing well would die injuries.” cbi report titled results laboratory analysis states dna samples collected walls sathankulam lockup toilet room sho lathis match samples two victims.the chargesheet added jeyaraj beniks tortured inside police station pm june next day.
Custodial death of P Jayaraj and Bennicks	per cbi investigation subjected several rounds beatings.chargesheet said whenever silence inspector used urge staff asking reasons silence thereby instigating start fresh rounds beating.also clothes removed add brutality torture.process brutal torture beniks father continued hours together within closed premises police station.according report investigations revealed jeyaraj first picked subinspector balakrishnan inspector sridhar police constable m. muthuraja officials kamarajar chowk evening june pm beniks son upon hearing jeyaraj arrested enquired police upon asked come police station.the charge sheet says beniks upon reaching police station saw father jeyaraj beaten accused si k. balakrishnan.beniks objected question si reason bringing father police station subjecting torture.soon altercation ensued beniks two officers pc m. muthuraja si k. balakrishnan taken offence beniks questioning fit rage deceased beniks also wrongfully confined inside police station injuries found body deceased inquest proceedings.
Iron Man	injuries recorded inquest report include serious injuries big size peeled skin.final post mortem report furnished team doctors established deceased beniks died complications blunt injuries sustained.first trial stared daily case statusdatedatedatedatedatedatedatedate date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date date aftermath july office additional chief secretary issued order disbanding friends police movement whole tamil nadu.reversed earlier order issued extended friends police movement whole state tamil nadu.see also police terrorismlist cases police brutality india referencescharacter cocreated writer editor stan lee developed scripter larry lieber designed artists heck jack kirby.character made first appearance tales suspense cover dated march received title iron man may .also character founded avengers alongside thor antman wasp hulk.a wealthy american business magnate playboy philanthropist inventor ingenious scientist anthony edward stark suffers severe chest injury kidnapping.captors attempt force build weapon mass destruction instead creates mechanized suit armor save life escape captivity.later stark develops suit adding weapons technological devices designed company stark industries.
Iron Man	uses suit successive versions protect world iron man.although first concealing true identity stark eventually publicly reveals iron man.initially iron man vehicle stan lee explore cold war themes particularly role american technology industry fight communism.subsequent reimaginings iron man transitioned cold war motifs contemporary matters time.throughout characters publication history iron man founding member superhero team avengers featured several incarnations various comic book series.iron man adapted several animated tv shows films.marvel cinematic universe character portrayed robert downey jr. appearing films iron man incredible hulk cameo iron man avengers iron man avengers age ultron captain america civil war spiderman homecoming avengers infinity war avengers endgame .
Iron Man	character also appeared spiderman far home .iron man ranked th igns top comic book heroes third list top avengers .publication history premiere iron mans marvel comics premiere tales suspense cover dated march collaboration among editor storyplotter stan lee scripter larry lieber storyartist heck coverartist characterdesigner jack kirby.lee toying idea businessman superhero.wanted create quintessential capitalist character would go spirit times marvels readership.lee saidi think gave dare.
Iron Man	height cold war.readers young readers one thing hated war military ... got hero represented hundredth degree.weapons manufacturer providing weapons army rich industrialist ... thought would fun take kind character nobody would like none readers would like shove throats make like ... became popular.he set make new character wealthy glamorous ladies man one secret would plague torment well.writer gerry conway said character outside invulnerable mean cant touched inside wounded figure.stan made much inyourface wound know heart broken know literally broken.
Iron Man	theres metaphor going there.thats think made character interesting.lee based playboys looks personality howard hughes explaining howard hughes one colorful men time.inventor adventurer multibillionaire ladies man finally nutcase.without crazy howard hughes lee said.while lee intended write story minor deadline emergency eventually forced hand premiere issue lieber fleshed story.
Iron Man	art split kirby heck.designed costume heck said kirby cover.covers always done first.created look characters like tony stark secretary pepper potts.interview asked specific model tony stark characters heck replied would thinking along lines characters like would kind characters alex toth liked errol flynn type.
Iron Man	iron man first appeared page stories tales suspense featured anthology science fiction supernatural stories.characters original costume bulky gray armored suit replaced golden version second story issue april .redesigned sleeker redandgolden armor issue december issues interior artist steve ditko although kirby drew cover.heck recalled second costume red yellow one designed steve ditko.found easier drawing bulky old thing.
Iron Man	earlier design robotlooking one kirbyish.in premiere iron man anticommunist hero defeating various vietnamese agents.lee later regretted early focus.throughout characters comic book series technological advancement national defense constant themes iron man later issues developed stark complex vulnerable character depicted battle alcoholism demon bottle storyline personal difficulties.from issue november final issue march anthological sciencefiction backup stories tales suspense replaced feature starring superhero captain america.lee heck introduced several adversaries character including mandarin issue february black widow april hawkeye five issues later.lee said comic books published marvel got fan mail iron man women females title ... didnt get much fan mail girls whenever letter usually addressed iron man.lee kirby included iron man avengers september founding member superhero team.character since appeared every subsequent volume series.writers updated war locale stark injured.
Iron Man	original story vietnam war.updated first gulf war updated war afghanistan.starks time asian nobel prizewinning scientist ho yinsen consistent nearly incarnations iron man origin depicting stark yinsen building original armor together.one exception directtodvd animated feature film invincible iron man armor stark uses escape captors first iron man suit.themes original iron man title explored cold war themes stan lee projects early years marvel comics.
Iron Man	fantastic four incredible hulk respectively focused american domestic government responses communist threat iron man explored industrys role struggle.tony starks reallife model howard hughes significant defense contractor developed new weapons technologies.hughes icon american individualism burdens fame.historian robert genter journal popular culture writes tony stark specifically presents idealized portrait american inventor.earlier decades seen important technological innovations come famous individuals e.g.nikola tesla thomas edison alexander graham bell wright brothers saw new technologies including weapons developed mainly research teams corporations.
Iron Man	result little room remained inventor wanted credit creative economic control creations.issues entrepreneurial autonomy government supervision research ultimate loyalty figured prominently early iron man stories—the issues affecting american scientists engineers era.tony stark writes genter inventor finds motive emasculation autonomous creative individual.blow symbolized chest wound inflicted moment forced invent things purposes others instead himself.genter starks transformation iron man represents starks effort reclaim autonomy thus manhood.characters pursuit women bed battle writes genter represents another aspect effort.

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