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Post-traumatic stress disorder | united kingdom uk various charities service organisations dedicated aiding veterans readjusting civilian life.royal british legion recently established help heroes two britains highprofile veterans organisations actively advocated veterans years.controversy nhs done enough tackling mental health issues instead dumping veterans charities combat stress.canada veterans affairs canada offers new program includes rehabilitation financial benefits job placement health benefits program disability awards peer support family support.history edition dsmi includes diagnosis gross stress reaction similarities modern definition understanding ptsd. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | gross stress reaction defined normal personality using established patterns reaction deal overwhelming fear response conditions great stress.diagnosis includes language relates condition combat well civilian catastrophe.a usaf study carried focused individuals civilian military worked recover identify remains died jonestown.bodies dead several days third children.study used term dysphoria describe ptsdlike symptoms.early diagnosis term posttraumatic stress disorder first recommended working group finding presented committee reactive disorders.condition described dsmiii posttraumatic stress disorder. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | dsmiv spelling posttraumatic stress disorder used icd spelling posttraumatic stress disorder.the addition term dsmiii greatly influenced experiences conditions u.s. military veterans vietnam war.owing association war vietnam ptsd become synonymous many historical wartime diagnoses railway spine stress syndrome nostalgia soldiers heart shell shock battle fatigue combat stress reaction traumatic war neurosis.terms date back th century indicative universal nature condition.similar vein psychiatrist jonathan shay proposed lady percys soliloquy william shakespeare play henry iv part act scene lines – written around represents unusually accurate description symptom constellation ptsd.the correlations combat ptsd undeniable according stéphane audoinrouzeau annette becker onetenth mobilized american men hospitalized mental disturbances thirtyfive days uninterrupted combat manifested psychiatric disturbances varying degrees.fact much available published research regarding ptsd based studies done veterans war vietnam. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | study based personal letters soldiers thcentury prussian army concludes combatants may ptsd.aspects ptsd soldiers ancient assyria identified using written sources – bce.assyrian soldiers would undergo threeyear rotation combat allowed return home reported faced immense challenges reconciling past actions war civilian lives.connections actions viking berserkers hyperarousal posttraumatic stress disorder also drawn.the researchers grady trauma project highlight tendency people focus combat side ptsd less public awareness focused civilian ptsd results trauma exposure combat related... much research civilian ptsd focused sequelae single disastrous event oklahoma city bombing september th attacks hurricane katrina.disparity focus ptsd research affects already popular perception exclusive interconnectedness combat ptsd. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | misleading comes understanding implications extent ptsd neurological disorder.dating back definition gross stress reaction dsmi civilian experience catastrophic high stress events included cause ptsd medical literature.national comorbidity survey reports traumas commonly associated ptsd combat exposure witnessing among men rape sexual molestation among women.because initial overt focus ptsd combat related disorder first fleshed years following war vietnam ann wolbert burgess lynda lytle holmstrom defined rape trauma syndrome rts order draw attention striking similarities experiences soldiers returning war rape victims.paved way comprehensive understanding causes ptsd.after ptsd became official psychiatric diagnosis publication dsmiii number personal injury lawsuits tort claims asserting plaintiff suffered ptsd increased rapidly.however triers fact judges juries often regarded ptsd diagnostic criteria imprecise view shared legal scholars trauma specialists forensic psychologists forensic psychiatrists. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | professional discussions debates academic journals conferences thought leaders led clearlydefined set diagnostic criteria dsmiv particularly definition traumatic event.the dsmiv classified ptsd anxiety disorders dsm created new category called trauma stressorrelated disorders ptsd classified.terminology diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders hyphenate post traumatic thus dsm lists disorder posttraumatic stress disorder.however many scientific journal articles scholarly publications hyphenate name disorder viz.posttraumatic stress disorder.dictionaries also differ regard preferred spelling disorder collins english dictionary – complete unabridged using hyphenated spelling american heritage dictionary english language fifth edition random house kernerman websters college dictionary giving nonhyphenated spelling.some authors used terms posttraumatic stress syndrome posttraumatic stress symptoms ptss simply posttraumatic stress pts case u.s. department defense avoid stigma associated word disorder.the comedian george carlin criticized euphemism treadmill led progressive change way ptsd referred course th century shell shock first world war battle fatigue second world war operational exhaustion korean war current posttraumatic stress disorder coined vietnam war added hyphen commented completely buries pain jargon. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | also stated name given condition direct effect way veteran soldiers ptsd treated perceived civilian populations time.research knowledge regarding ptsd comes studies highincome countries.to recapitulate neurological neurobehavioral symptoms experienced veteran population recent conflicts iraq afghanistan researchers roskamp institute james haley veterans hospital tampa developed animal model study consequences mild traumatic brain injury mtbi ptsd.laboratory researchers exposed mice repeated session unpredictable stressor i.e.predator odor restrained physical trauma form inescapable footshock also combined mtbi.study ptsd animals demonstrated recall traumatic memories anxiety impaired social behavior animals subject mtbi ptsd pattern disinhibitorylike behavior. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | mtbi abrogated contextual fear impairments social behavior seen ptsd animals.comparison animal studies examination neuroendocrine neuroimmune responses plasma revealed trend toward increase corticosterone ptsd combination groups.stellate ganglion block experimental procedure treatment ptsd.researchers investigating number experimental faah maglinhibiting drugs hopes finding better treatment anxiety stressrelated illnesses.faahinhibitor drug bia withdrawn human trials france due adverse effects.preliminary evidence suggests mdmaassisted psychotherapy might effective treatment ptsd.however important note results clinical trials mdmaassisted psychotherapy might substantially influenced expectancy effects given unblinding participants.furthermore conspicuous lack trials comparing mdmaassisted psychotherapy existent firstline treatments ptsd traumafocused psychological treatments seems achieve similar even better outcomes mdmaassisted psychotherapy. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | psychotherapy traumafocused psychotherapies ptsd also known exposurebased exposure psychotherapies prolonged exposure therapy pe eye movement desensitization reprocessing emdr cognitivereprocessing therapy cpt evidence efficacy recommended firstline treatment ptsd almost clinical practice guidelines.exposurebased psychotherapies demonstrate efficacy ptsd caused different trauma types combat sexualassault natural disasters.time many traumafocused psychotherapies evince high dropout rates.most systematic reviews clinical guidelines indicate psychotherapies ptsd traumafocused therapies effective pharmacotherapy medication although reviews suggest exposurebased psychotherapies ptsd pharmacotherapy equally effective.interpersonal psychotherapy shows preliminary evidence probable efficacy research needed reach definitive conclusions.notes references article incorporates text free content work. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | licensed cc bysa .igo text taken lifeline learning leveraging mobile technology support education refugees unesco unesco.unesco.learn add open license text wikipedia articles please see howto page.information reusing text wikipedia please see terms use. |
South Thailand insurgency | external links posttraumatic stress disorder curliepost traumatic stress disorder information national child traumatic stress networkinformation resources university queensland school medicineapa practice parameters assessment treatment ptsd updated resources professionals va national ptsd center psychiatry portaloriginated ethnic religious separatist insurgency historical malay patani region made three southernmost provinces thailand parts fourth become complex increasingly violent since early drug cartels oil smuggling networks sometimes pirate raids.the former sultanate pattani included southern thai provinces pattani patani yala jala narathiwat menara—also known three southern border provinces sbp—as well neighbouring parts songkhla province singgora northeastern part malaysia kelantan conquered kingdom siam except kelantan governed thailand ever since.although lowlevel separatist violence occurred region decades campaign escalated recrudescence occasionally spilled provinces.incidents blamed southern insurgents occurred bangkok phuket.in july prime minister thaksin shinawatra assumed wideranging emergency powers deal southern violence insurgency escalated further.september military junta ousted thaksin shinawatra coup.junta implemented major policy shift replacing thaksins earlier approach campaign win hearts minds insurgents.despite little progress curbing violence junta declared security improving peace would come region . |
South Thailand insurgency | march however death toll surpassed .during democratled government abhisit vejjajiva foreign minister kasit piromya noted sense optimism said confident bringing peace region .end insurgencyrelated violence increased confounding governments optimism.finally march government conceded violence increasing could solved months.local leaders persistently demanded least level autonomy thailand patani region separatist insurgent movements made series demands peace talks negotiations.however groups largely sidelined barisan revolusi nasionalkoordinasi brnc group currently spearheading insurgency.sees reason negotiations talks insurgent groups. |
South Thailand insurgency | brnc immediate aim make southern thailand ungovernable largely successful.estimates strength insurgency vary greatly.general pallop pinmanee claimed hardcore jihadists.estimates say many armed insurgents.around thai analysts believed foreign islamic terrorist groups infiltrating area foreign funds arms brought though claims balanced equally large body opinion suggesting remains distinctly local conflict.over people died almost injured formerly ethnic separatist insurgency currently taken hardline jihadis pitted thaispeaking buddhist minority local muslims moderate approach support thai government.background insurgency historical background despite ethnic affinity people patani region malay neighbours south old patani kingdom led sultans historically preferred pay tribute distant siamese kings bangkok. |
South Thailand insurgency | many centuries king siam restricted exacting periodic tribute form bunga mas ritual trees gold leaves flowers symbolic acknowledgement siamese suzerainty leaving patani rulers largely alone.forced assimilation local nationalism thai rule historical patani region confirmed anglosiamese treaty .well th century government bangkok interfered little locally relying local officials implementation policies within patani region.included exemption implementing thai civil law allowed muslims continue observance local islamic laws regarding issues inheritance family.however marshal plaek phibunsongkhram set motion process thaification objective cultural assimilation patani people among ethnic groups thailand.the national culture act enforced result thaification process promoting concept thainess centralist aims. |
South Thailand insurgency | mandate directly aimed patani people.thai civil law enforced throughout land including patani region overriding earlier concessions local islamic administrative practices.school curriculum revised thaicentric lessons thai language detriment local jawi.traditional muslim courts formerly handled civil cases removed replaced civil courts run approved central government bangkok.forced assimilation process perceived imposition thaibuddhist cultural practices upon society irritants ethnic malay patani.in haji sulong founder patani peoples movement launched petition campaign demanding autonomy language cultural rights implementation islamic law. |
South Thailand insurgency | january sulong arrested treason charges along local leaders branded separatist.sulong released jail disappeared mysterious circumstances .denied recognition culturally separate ethnic minority patani leaders reacted thai government policy towards them.inspired ideologies nasserism patani nationalist movement began grow leading south thailand insurgency.by tengku jalal nasir established patani national liberation front bnpp first malay rebel group.time foundation goal nationalist movements patani united liberation organisation pulo established secession.emphasis laid pursuing armed struggle towards independent state patani people could live dignity without alien cultural values imposed them.the last third th century saw emergence different insurgent groups south. |
South Thailand insurgency | despite differences ideology shared broadly separatist aims justified use violence reach goals setting pattern attacking police military posts well schools thai government offices.effectiveness groups marred however infighting lack unity among them.st century violence expands intensifies resurgence violence pattani guerrilla groups began .regions traditional separatist insurgents flags leaders claimed responsibility attacks made communiques new groups attacked viciously kept silent.new development disoriented confused thai authorities kept groping dark identity new insurgents conflict remained mystery. |
South Thailand insurgency | thailand held relatively free elections february secessionist candidates contested results south.july year chairman narathiwat islamic committee admitted attacks look like wellorganised know group people behind them.despite shroud anonymity absence concrete demands revived groups gmip particularly brncoordinate alleged armed wing runda kumpulan kecil rkk identified leading new insurgency.while earlier attacks typified driveby shootings patrolling policemen shot gunmen passing motorcycles escalated wellcoordinated attacks police establishments police stations outposts ambushed wellarmed groups subsequently fleeing stolen arms ammunition.tactics used gain publicity shock horror slashing death buddhist monks bombing temples beheadings intimidating pork vendors customers well arson attacks schools killing teachers —mostly female— burning bodies.rare cases pattani guerrilla groups also threaten thai christians.current insurgent groups proclaim militant jihadism separatist more. |
South Thailand insurgency | mostly led salafist hardliners extreme transnational religious goals islamic caliphate detriment constructive cultural nationalistic patani identity.salafi jihadist groups hostile cultural heritage practices traditional malay muslims accusing unislamic.concerned independent separate nation.instead immediate aim make patani region ungovernable.the thai response insurgency hampered clumsy methods lack training counterinsurgency lack understanding local culture rivalries police army.many local policemen allegedly involved local drug trade criminal activities army commanders bangkok treat disdain. |
South Thailand insurgency | often army responds attacks heavyhanded raids search muslim villages results reprisals.insurgents routinely provoke inexperienced thai government disproportionate responses generating sympathy among muslim populace.main incidents insurgency upsurge attacks concentrated installations police military.schools symbols thai authority region subject arson bombing well.local police officers ranks government officials primary targets seemingly random assassinations policemen killed incidents related insurgency three provinces pattani yala narathiwat end . |
South Thailand insurgency | school teachers prime target.brnc pejuang kemerdekaan patani paramilitary wing main group behind murder teachers southern border provinces .a massive security presence region failed stem almost daily violence usually involving driveby shootings small bombings.insurgents make show strength—generally least every months—they eschewed largescale attacks preferring wellcoordinated pinprick assaults many locations avoiding direct clashes security forces.in recent development two consecutive bombs detonated big c shopping mall mueang pattani district may peak hour.people wounded including small children.timeline reactions explanations official reactions government first blamed attacks bandits many outside observers believe local clan commercial criminal rivalries played role violence.in thaksin stated theres separatism ideological terrorists common bandits. |
South Thailand insurgency | however reversed position come regard insurgency local front global war terrorism.martial law instituted pattani yala narathiwat january .since military coup thai government taken conciliatory approach insurgency avoiding excessive use force typified thaksins time office opened negotiations known separatist groups.violence however escalated.likely backs assertion several groups involved violence placated governments change strategy.on june army chief prayut chanocha stated insurgency orchestrated abroad funded via drug oil smuggling.islam although thailands southern violence mostly ethnicbased anonymous leaflets issued militant groups often contain jihadist language. |
South Thailand insurgency | many young militants received training indoctrination islamic teachers took place within islamic educational institutions.many see southern thai violence form islamist militancy islamic separatism testifying strength malay muslim beliefs determination local people resist buddhist thai state religious grounds.recently religious factor brought discuss due rise islamist movement especially salafi movement aimed liberate muslimdominated malay regions thailand.political factors thai authorities claim insurgency caused lack political representation muslim population.late muslims holding unprecedented senior posts thai politics.example wan muhamad noor matha malay muslim yala served chairman parliament democrats later interior minister first thaksin government. |
South Thailand insurgency | thaksins first government – also saw muslim members parliament mps several muslim senators.muslims dominated provincial legislative assemblies border provinces several southern municipalities muslim mayors.muslims able voice political grievances openly enjoy much greater degree religious freedom.the thaksin regime however began dismantle southern administration organisation replacing notoriously corrupt police force immediately began widespread crackdowns.consultation local community leaders also abolished.discontent abuses led growing violence . |
South Thailand insurgency | muslim politicians leaders remained silent fear repression thus eroding political legitimacy support.cost dearly.general election one eleven incumbent muslim mps stood election voted office.economic factors poverty economic problems key factor behind insurgency.although thailands economy grown dramatically past several decades gains northern southern provinces relatively limited.income differences buddhist muslim households especially pronounced border region.the percentage people living poverty line also fell pattani narathiwat yala respectively. |
South Thailand insurgency | three provinces people living poverty line compared .however poor southerners lived three border provinces.muslims border provinces generally lower levels educational attainment compared buddhist neighbours..muslim population border provinces primary school education compared .buddhists provinces. |
South Thailand insurgency | .muslims completed secondary education including graduated private islamic schools compared .buddhists..muslim population bachelors degree . |
South Thailand insurgency | buddhists hold undergraduate degrees.government schools generally enforce thai language curriculum exclusion regions patanimalay languages policy produces low literacy rates contributes view government schools antagonistic malay culture.secular educational system undermined destruction schools murders teachers insurgent groups.the lesser educated muslims also reduced employment opportunities compared buddhist neighbours..working muslims provinces held government posts compared . |
South Thailand insurgency | working buddhists.jobs thai public sector difficult obtain muslims never fully accepted thai language thai education system.insurgent attacks economic targets reduce employment opportunities muslims buddhists provinces.leading insurgent groups currently active insurgent movements brncoordinate alleged armed wing runda kumpulan kecil rkk gmip.pulo doyen patani insurgent groups formerly respected secessionist movement region largely inactive recent years. |
South Thailand insurgency | brnc barisan revolusi nasionalkoordinasi brnc currently important group spearheading insurgency southern thailand.revived leaders mainly salafi religious teachers rejected panarab socialist ideology early brn engaging political activism recruiting followers mosques indoctrinating islamic schools.group vision becoming mass movement aiming towards members area operation.brnc constructive cultural nationalistic goals instead immediate aim make southern thailand ungovernable.largely successful spreading maintaining atmosphere terror uncertainty welltrained secret militant units engage assassinations calculated destruction. |
South Thailand insurgency | rkk runda kumpulan kecil rkk allegedly one armed wings brnc one brutal ruthless groups south thailand insurgency recent years.composed young mostly salafi militants routinely flee malaysia carrying violent attacks including bombings arson murders yala pattani narathiwat province.although several rkk members arrested killed thai military past decade difficult involved counterinsurgency penetrate structure group owing secrecy mobility.gmip like brnc gerakan mujahidin islam patani gmip group experienced revival currently hardline islamic political goals detriment former nationalist cause.members believed sympathies al qaeda establishment transnational islamic caliphate. |
South Thailand insurgency | bbmp barisan bersatu mujahidin patani bbmp created radical breakaway national front liberation pattani bnpp distinguished latter overt islamist ideology.pulo patani united liberation organisation pulo movement founded nationalist secular values patani nationbuilding.priority freeing pattani thai rule means including armed struggle.however since civil society three southern thai provinces experienced widespread imposition legalistic salafi norms reality ground today different former southern thailand.salafism heavily eroded patani cultural identity current insurgent groups extreme religious goals islamic caliphate detriment patani nationalism.although presentday insurgents likely former pulo members still unclear whether fight pulos cause likely many may become part active religious organisations overtaken pulo. |
South Thailand insurgency | recent years pulos leadership largely lost control insurgents limited overall degree influence insurgency southern thailand.on july abu yasir fikri president pulo emir group mujahidin islam patani gmip kuteh agreed join forces.abu yasir fikri allowed speak behalf gmip political issues.agreement included section agreed form unified military force patani liberation army pla.pla would commanded first deputy military commander patani united liberation organisation pulo.on april pulo outlined solution conflict oics twelfth meeting intergovernmental group experts consider conditions muslim communities minorities jeddah.symbols last decade unrest south thailand black standard flag largely replaced colourful secessionist flags formerly used different groups involved insurgency thai government. |
South Thailand insurgency | high profile incidents krue se mosque incident april militants carried terrorist attacks police outposts across pattani yala songkhla provinces south thailand.thirtytwo gunmen retreated thcentury krue se mosque regarded muslims holiest mosque pattani.general pallop pinmanee commander southern peace enhancement center deputy director internal security operations command senior army officer scene.tense sevenhour standoff pallop ordered allout assault mosque.gunmen killed.later insisted choice. |
South Thailand insurgency | afraid time passed crowd would sympathetic insurgents point trying rescue them.it later revealed pallops order storm mosque contravened direct order defense minister chavalit yongchaiyudh seek peaceful resolution standoff matter long took.pallop immediately ordered area later tendered resignation commander southern peace enhancement center.forward command internal security operations command isoc pallop headed also dissolved.government investigative commission found security forces overreacted.asian centre human rights questioned independence impartiality investigative commission. |
South Thailand insurgency | may senate hearing senator kraisak choonhavan noted killed krue se mosque shot head signs ropes tied around wrists suggesting executed captured.the incident resulted personal conflict pallop defense minister chavalit also director isoc.pallop later demanded defence minister cease involvement management southern insurgency.tak bai incident october town tak bai narathiwat province saw publicised incident insurgency.six local men arrested supplied weapons insurgents.demonstration organised demand release police called army reinforcements. |
South Thailand insurgency | army used tear gas water cannons crowd shooting started seven men killed.hundreds local people mostly young men arrested.made take shirts lie ground.hands tied behind backs.later afternoon thrown soldiers trucks taken ingkayutthaboriharn army camp nearby province pattani.prisoners stacked five six deep trucks time trucks reached destination five hours later heat day men died suffocation.this incident sparked widespread protests across south across thailand even nonmuslim thais appalled armys behaviour. |
South Thailand insurgency | thaksin however gave army full support.responsible illtreatment death detainees received minor noncustodial punishments.thaksins initial response defend armys actions saying men died already weak fasting month ramadan.charges filed suspects accused participating demonstration however case dropped november would good public might affect national security.on november prime minister surayud chulanont gave formal apology incident.caused large rise violent incidents next day.thailand standoff standoff insurgents thai police military took place yala thailand june local time. |
South Thailand insurgency | combined force district police officers soldiers taskforce sealed house bannang sata district yala province locals tipped presence separatist militants.as police army stormed building militants holed inside opened fire killing sgt maj pongsathorn niraphai bannang sata police station sergeant major rd class sangsun kalong soldier.suspected militant sopepun buenae killed tried escape.least two rebels managed escape despite cornered nearly hours.during preceding weeks attacks separatists increased people killed wounded june alone.earlier june masked gunmen killed worshippers mosque narathiwat province.incident also wounded people considered one worst attacks years. |
South Thailand insurgency | reward leads attack announced.reconciliation negotiation negotiation attempts attempts negotiate insurgents hampered anonymity insurgencys leaders.in may wan kadir che man exiled leader bersatu years one key symbolic figures guerrilla movement stated would willing negotiate government end southern violence.also hinted bersatu would willing soften previous demands independent state.the government initially welcomed request negotiate.however government response severely criticised kneejerk looking score cheap political points.became apparent despite softened demand limited autonomy wan kadir che man influence violence negotiations cancelled. |
South Thailand insurgency | government began policy attempting officially negotiate insurgents.after appointed army commander general sonthi boonyaratglin expressed confidence could resolve insurgency.claimed would take new effective approach crisis army informed insurgents carry duties.on september day commercial banks simultaneously bombed yala province sonthi announced would break governments nonegotiation policy.however noted still dont know real head militants fighting with.press conference next day attacked government criticising trying negotiate anonymous insurgents demanded government free military let job.confrontation government made call negotiation extremely popular media. |
South Thailand insurgency | afterwards insurgents bombed six department stores hat yai city free insurgent activities.identity insurgents revealed.sonthi granted extraordinary increase executive powers combat unrest far south.september sonthi overthrew thai government army admitted still unsure negotiate with.national reconciliation commission march respected former prime minister anand panyarachun appointed chairman national reconciliation commission tasked overseeing restoration peace south. |
South Thailand insurgency | fierce critic thaksingovernment anand frequently criticised handling southern unrest particular state emergency decree.quoted said authorities worked inefficiently.arrested innocent people instead real culprits leading mistrust among locals.giving broader power may lead increased violence eventually real crisis.anand submitted nrcs recommendations june .among wereintroducing islamic law shariamaking ethnic pattanimalay yawi working language regionestablishing unarmed peacekeeping forceestablishing peaceful strategic administrative centre southern border provincesthe thaksin government vowed implement recommendations. |
South Thailand insurgency | however recommendations vigorously opposed prem tinsulanonda president king bhumibol adulyadejs privy council stated cannot accept proposal thai.country thai language thai... proud thai thai language sole national language.– talk mid brn sent document government include three demands political solution suits thai malays deep south decrease military controls inclusivity.three demands marked baseline talk kuala lumpur wanlop rugsanaoh chief negotiator government anas abdulrahman brn representative.casualties note table comprehensiveaccording government data end conflict resulted least deaths including civilians troops police suspected insurgents education officials seven buddhist monks. |
South Thailand insurgency | according one report patani post late may people killed conflict previous decade.january article bangkok post reported total deaths injuries end estimated insurgencyrelated incidents occurring period.november people died.though insurgency geared government thai security forces buddhist civilians general period conflict casualties muslim killed hands insurgents.human rights issues human rights watch hrw cites abuses sides. |
South Thailand insurgency | numerous times insurgents murdered buddhist monks collecting alms buddhist villagers killed going routine work rubber tapping even though buddhists lived region centuries.school teachers headmasters students killed schools torched presumably schools represent symbol thai government.civil servants regardless religion targeted assassination.according thai journalists association year alone attacks resulting deaths four provinces insurgents operate.meanwhile local muslims beaten killed simply disappeared police questioning custody.human rights watch documented least disappearances. |
South Thailand insurgency | soldiers police sometimes indiscriminate pursuing suspected insurgents resulting civilian collateral damage.of people killed attacks almost civilians.buddhist thais ethnic malay muslims killed bomb attacks shootings assassinations ambushes machete attacks.least victims beheaded mutilated.hundreds militant attacks teachers schools public health workers hospital staff community health centers.first time regions history separatist insurgencies buddhist monks novices among killed injured separatist militants hrw said report.villagebased militants called pejuang kemerdekaan patani patani freedom fighters loose network brncoordinate national revolution frontcoordinate emerged backbone new generation separatist militants. |
South Thailand insurgency | increasingly claim southern border provinces land buddhist thais religious conflict zone must divided ethnic malay muslims infidels.separatists seek forcibly liberate patani darulsalam islamic land patani call buddhist thai occupation hrw continued.the world report human rights watch highlighted escalating human rights abuses throughout thailand south reflecting overall policies individual human rights.sharply increased powers police military accompanied perceived lack accountability.government harassment suspected insurgents asian human rights commission accused military beating torturing suspected insurgents burning genitals cigarettes smashing beer bottles knees chaining dogs.abuses alleged occurred october military seized power.in december group muslims nine men women aged two sought political asylum malaysia. |
South Thailand insurgency | claimed postcoup regime aggressive civilians continuously harassed army.a group muslims narathiwat fled malaysia march claimed escaping intimidation brutality military.group complained beaten sons missing detained since .also claimed youths died poisoned detention.in late january unknown number insurgents ambushed thahan pran base retreating.rangers chased insurgents fired upon pickup truck.rangers fired back selfdefence resulting four dead civilians truck others wounded. |
South Thailand insurgency | rangers found ak assault rifles also claimed four dead civilians affiliated insurgents way.soldiers th army regiment investigating.killing angered many thai muslims four dead persons mosque leaders imam moulana khatib bilai.in early february ministry interior proposed .million baht compensation payment victims insurgency including tak bai massacre kru se mosque incident.justice suicide khanakorn pianchana sparked public criticism justice system deep south thailand thai judge made suicide attempt october died second attempt order protest interference senior judge. |
South Thailand insurgency | time first suicide attempt senior judge yala provincial court south thailand.called improvement justice muslim community.judge khanakorn told accused five muslims family members wanted acquit due lack evidence forced convict.emergency decree emergency decree extended th time since first issue july .academics legal experts rights activists called government lift law amid human rights abuses illegal activities government official. |
South Thailand insurgency | see also references reading abuza zachary militant islam southeast asia lynne rienner.peter chalk .malaymuslim insurgency southern thailand understanding conflicts evolving dynamic.rand national defence research institute.isbn .duncan mccargo .tearing apart land islam legitimacy southern thailand. |
South Thailand insurgency | cornell university press.isbn .duncan mccargo .mapping national anxieties thailands southern conflict.nias press.florian weigand .conflict transnational crime borders bullets business southeast asia. |
South Thailand insurgency | edward elgar.doi.. isbn .moore jeffrey .thai way counterinsurgency paper ed.. muir analytics llc.isbn .moore jeff n.d.. irregular warfare isnt going away thai counterinsurgency lessons matter.small wars journal. |
South Thailand insurgency | retrieved october .rohan gunaratna arabinda acharya .terrorist threat thailand jihad quest justice.potomac books.isbn .thitinan pongsudhirak .malaymuslim insurgency southern thailand. |
Sony Pictures hack | handbook terrorism insurgency southeast asia.edward elgar publishing.isbn .david k wyatt thailand short history yale university press pasuk phongpaichit chris baker thaksin business politics thailand silkworm books nirmal ghosh mystery group runs insurgency thai south straits times july tak bai victims relatives file lawsuits bangkok post october external links note websites may censored internet access within thailandhistory jihad thailanddaily collections news southern insurgencywhitewashing thai jihadred light jihad thailand’s new breed facebook jihadisred light jihad insurgency thailand party townthailands secessionist muslim insurgency escalatesthailand islamic insurgencythe thailand jihad photographic evidence graphicdata included personal information sony pictures employees families emails employees information executive salaries company copies thenunreleased sony films plans future sony films scripts certain films information.perpetrators employed variant shamoon wiper malware erase sonys computer infrastructure.during hack group demanded sony withdraw thenupcoming film interview comedy plot assassinate north korean leader kim jongun threatened terrorist attacks cinemas screening film.many major u.s. theater chains opted screen interview response threats sony chose cancel films formal premiere mainstream release opting skip directly downloadable digital release followed limited theatrical release next day.united states intelligence officials evaluating software techniques network sources used hack alleged attack sponsored government north korea since denied responsibility.hack perpetrators exact duration hack yet unknown.u.s. investigators say culprits spent least two months copying critical files. |
Sony Pictures hack | purported member guardians peace gop claimed performed hack stated access least year prior discovery november according wired.hackers involved claim taken terabytes data sony claim never confirmed.attack conducted using malware.although sony specifically mentioned advisory uscert said attackers used server message block smb worm tool conduct attacks major entertainment company.components attack included listening implant backdoor proxy tool destructive hard drive tool destructive target cleaning tool. |
Sony Pictures hack | components clearly suggest intent gain repeated entry extract information destructive well remove evidence attack.sony made aware hack monday november malware previously installed rendered many sony employees computers inoperable software warning group calling guardians peace along portion confidential data taken hack.several sonyrelated twitter accounts also taken over.followed message several sony pictures executives received via email previous friday november message coming group called godsapstls sic demanded monetary compensation otherwise sony pictures bombarded whole.email message mostly ignored executives lost volume received treated spam email.addition activation malware november message included warning sony decide course action p.m. evening although apparent threat made deadline passed. |
Sony Pictures hack | days following hack guardians peace began leaking yetunreleased films started release portions confidential data attract attention social media sites although specify wanted return.sony quickly organized internal teams try manage loss data internet contacted fbi private security firm fireeye help protect sony employees whose personal data exposed hack repair damaged computer infrastructure trace source leak.first public report concerning north korean link attack published recode november later confirmed nbc news.on december alongside eighth large data dump confidential information guardians peace threatened sony language relating september attacks drew attention u.s. security agencies.north korean statesponsored hackers suspected united states involved part due specific threats made toward sony movie theaters showing interview comedy film assassination attempt kim jongun.north korean officials previously expressed concerns film united nations stating allow production distribution film assassination incumbent head sovereign state regarded undisguised sponsoring terrorism well act war.in first quarter financials sony pictures set aside million deal ongoing damages hack. |
Sony Pictures hack | sony bolstered cybersecurity infrastructure result using solutions prevent similar hacks data loss future.sony cochairperson amy pascal announced wake hack would step may instead become involved film production sony.information obtained according notice letter dated december spe employees spe learned december personally identifiable information employees dependents may obtained unauthorized individuals result brazen cyberattack including names addresses social security numbers financial information.december cspan reported hackers stole unique social security numbers spe computer network.although personal data may stolen early news reports focused mainly celebrity gossip embarrassing details hollywood film industry business affairs gleaned media electronic files including private email messages.among information revealed emails sony ceo kazuo hirai pressured sony pictures cochairwoman amy pascal soften assassination scene upcoming sony film interview. |
Sony Pictures hack | many details relating actions sony pictures executives including pascal michael lynton also released manner appeared intended spur distrust executives employees sony.other emails released hack showed pascal scott rudin film theatrical producer discussing angelina jolie.emails rudin referred jolie minimally talented spoiled brat jolie wanted david fincher direct film cleopatra rudin felt would interfere fincher directing planned film steve jobs.amy pascal rudin also noted email exchange pascals upcoming encounter barack obama included characterizations described racist led pascals resignation sony.two suggested mention films africanamericans upon meeting president django unchained years slave butler depict slavery united states precivil rights era.pascal rudin later apologized. |
Sony Pictures hack | details lobbying efforts politician mike moore behalf digital citizens alliance fairsearch google also revealed.the leak revealed multiple details behindthescenes politics columbia pictures current spiderman film series including emails pascal others various heads marvel studios.due outcry fans spiderman license eventually negotiated shared studios.addition emails copy screenplay james bond film spectre released obtained.several future sony pictures films including annie mr. turner still alice write love arms also leaked.hackers intended release additional information december coincided release date interview united states.according daily dot based email leaks sony executive charles sipkins responsible following senior executives orders edit wikipedia articles them.in december former sony pictures entertainment employees filed four lawsuits company protecting data released hack included social security numbers medical information. |
Sony Pictures hack | part emails revealed sony talks nintendo make animated film based super mario bros. series came fruition years later albeit universal illumination instead sony.in january details revealed mpaas lobbying united states international trade commission mandate u.s. isps either internet transit level consumer level internet service provider implement ip address blocking pirate websites well linking websites.wikileaks published documents obtained via hack april founder julian assange stating document archive shows inner workings influential multinational corporation made public.in november charlie sheen revealed hiv positive television interview matt lauer revealed information diagnosis leaked email senior sony bosses dated march .december snap inc. due hack revealed acquired vergence labs million cash stock developers epiphany eyewear mobile app scan million.threats surrounding interview december first time since hack guardians peace mentioned thenupcoming film interview name threatened take terrorist actions films new york city premiere sunshine cinema december well american wide release date set december .sony pulled theatrical release following day.we clearly show time places interview shown including premiere bitter fate seek fun terror doomed to. |
Sony Pictures hack | soon world see awful movie sony pictures entertainment made.world full fear.remember th september .recommend keep distant places time.house nearby youd better leave.whatever comes coming days called greed sony pictures entertainment. |
Sony Pictures hack | world denounce sony.seth rogen james franco stars interview responded saying know definitely caused film later canceled media appearances tied film outside planned new york city premiere december .following initial threats made towards theaters would show interview several theatrical chains including carmike cinemas bow tie cinemas regal entertainment group showcase cinemas amc theatres cinemark theatres well several independent movie theater owners announced would screen interview.day sony stated would allow theaters opt showing interview later decided fully pull national december release film well announce release plans release film platform including home video foreseeable future.on december two messages allegedly guardians peace released.one sent private message sony executives stated would release information sony never releases film removed presence internet.posted pastebin web application used text storage guardians peace used previous messages stated studio suffered enough could release interview kim jonguns death scene happy. |
Sony Pictures hack | post also stated company cannot test sony pictures makes anything else ready fight.president barack obama endofyear press speech december commented sony hacking stated felt sony made mistake pulling film producers get pattern intimidated acts.also said respond proportionally respond place time manner choose.response president obamas statement sony entertainments ceo michael lynton said cnn program anderson cooper public press president misunderstood events.lynton said decision cancel wide release response majority theaters pulling showings hackers threats.lynton stated would seek options distribute film future noted given in. |
Sony Pictures hack | backed down.always every desire american public see movie.on december sony opted authorize approximately mostlyindependent theaters show interview christmas day four major theater chains yet change earlier decision show film.fbi worked theaters detail specifics prior threats manage security showings noted actionable intelligence prior threats.sonys lynton stated announcement proud make available public stood attempted suppress free speech.interview also released google play xbox video youtube december . |
Sony Pictures hack | incidents predicated threats occurred release instead unorthodox release film led considered success due increased interest film following attention received.on december north korean national defence commission released statement accusing obama chief culprit forced sony pictures entertainment indiscriminately distribute movie.u.s. accusations formal charges north korea u.s. government officials stated december belief north korean government centrally involved hacking although initially debate within white house whether make finding public.white house officials treated situation serious national security matter federal bureau investigation fbi formally stated december connected north korean government cyberattacks.including undisclosed evidence claims made based use similar malicious hacking tools techniques previously employed north korean hackers—including north koreas cyberwarfare agency bureau south korean targets.according fbia technical analysis data deletion malware used attack revealed links malware fbi knows north korea previously developed. |
Sony Pictures hack | example similarities specific lines code encryption algorithms data deletion methods compromised networks.the fbi also observed significant overlap infrastructure used attack malicious cyber activity u.s. government previously linked directly north korea.example fbi discovered several internet protocol ip addresses associated known north korean infrastructure communicated ip addresses hardcoded data deletion malware used attack.fbi later clarified source ip addresses associated group north korean businesses located shenyang northeastern china.separately tools used spe attack similarities cyberattack march last year south korean banks media outlets carried north korea.the fbi later clarified details attacks attributing north korea noting hackers sloppy use proxy ip addresses originated within north korea.one point hackers logged guardians peace facebook account sonys servers without effective concealment.fbi director james comey stated internet access tightly controlled within north korea unlikely third party hijacked addresses without allowance north korean government. |
Sony Pictures hack | national security agency assisted fbi analyzing attack specifically reviewing malware tracing origins nsa director admiral michael rogers agreed fbi attack originated north korea.disclosed nsa report published der spiegel stated agency become aware origins hack due cyberintrusion north koreas network set following concerns technology maturation country.the north korean news agency kcna denied wild rumours north korean involvement said hacking sony pictures might righteous deed supporters sympathizers dprk response appeal.north korea offered part joint probe united states determine hackers identities threatening consequences united states refused collaborate continued allegation.u.s. refused asked china investigative assistance instead.days fbis announcement north korea temporarily suffered nationwide internet outage country claimed united states response hacking attempts.on day following fbis accusation north koreas involvement fbi received email purportedly hacking group linking youtube video entitled idiot apparently mocking organization.on december u.s. secretary homeland security jeh johnson released statement saying cyber attack sony pictures entertainment attack company employees. |
Sony Pictures hack | also attack freedom expression way life.encouraged businesses organizations use cybersecurity framework developed national institute standards technology nist assess limit cyber risks protect cyber threats.day u.s. secretary state john kerry published remarks condemning north korea cyberattack threats movie theatres moviegoers.provocative unprecedented attack subsequent threats strengthen resolve continue work partners around world strengthen cybersecurity promote norms acceptable state behavior uphold freedom expression ensure internet remains open interoperable secure reliable said.on january u.s. executive order issued president obama installed additional economic sanctions alreadysanctioned north korea hack north korean officials called groundlessly stirring bad blood towards country.doubts accusations north korea cyber security expert kurt stammberger cyber security firm norse defcon organizer cloudflare researcher marc rogers hector monsegur kim zetter security journalist wired magazine expressed doubt tended agree north korea might behind attack.michael hiltzik journalist los angeles times said evidence north korea circumstantial cybersecurity experts skeptical attributing attack north koreans. |
Sony Pictures hack | cybersecurity expert lucas zaichkowsky said statesponsored attackers dont create cool names like guardians peace promote activity public.kim zetter wired magazine called released evidence government flimsy.former hacker hector monsegur hacked sony explained cbs news exfiltrating one one hundred terabytes data without anyone noticing would taken months years weeks.monsegur doubted accusations due north koreas insufficient internet infrastructure handle transfer much data.believed could either chinese russian north koreansponsored hackers working outside country likely deed sony employee.stammberger provided fbi norses findings suggest hack inside job stating sony hacked company essentially nuked inside. |
Sony Pictures hack | confident attack masterminded north korea insiders key implementation one devastating attacks history.stammberger believes security failure may originated six disgruntled former sony employees based past skill sets discussions people made chat rooms.norse employees identified people list workers eliminated sony restructuring may noted made public angry responses firing would appropriate positions identify means access secure parts sonys servers.private briefing lasting three hours fbi formally rejected norses alternative assessment.seth rogen also expressed doubts claims north korea behind hack.based timeline events amount information hacked believes hack may conducted sony employee. |
Sony Pictures hack | ive also heard people say think someone hired hack way getting amy pascal fired.dont know subscribe theories kind dont think north korea.investigations response allegations intrusion result inside job something statesponsored cyber attack computer forensic specialist kevin mandia president security firm fireeye commented shred evidence insider responsible attack evidence uncovered security firm supports position united states government.in february analytics firm novetta issued joint investigative report attack.report published collaboration kaspersky lab symantec alienvault invincea trend micro carbon black punchcyber riskiq threatconnect volexity concluded wellresourced organization committed intrusion strongly believe spe attack work insiders hacktivists.analysis said group engaged military espionage campaigns.because depth scope malware tools structure analyzed code bases ttp overlap similar attacks long trail activities attributed lazarus group novetta believe spe attack carried insiders hacktivists rather structured resourced motivated organization. |
Sony Pictures hack | ... although analysis cannot support direct attribution nationstate specific group due difficulty proper attribution cyber realm fbis official attribution claims could supported findings.formal charges u.s. department justice issued formal charges related sony hack north korean citizen park jinhyok september .department justice contends park north korean hacker worked countrys reconnaissance general bureau equivalent central intelligence agency.department justice also asserted park partially responsible arranging wannacry ransomware attack developed part ransomware software.department justice previously identified park monitoring time could indict immediately much information around classified. |
Sony Pictures hack | criminal complaint unsealed us department justice via press release september .legal responses obama also issued legislative proposal congress update current laws racketeer influenced corrupt organizations act introduce new ones allow federal national law enforcement officials better respond cybercrimes like sony hack able prosecute crimes compatibly similar offline crimes protecting privacy americans.governmental responses less month following attack north korea reportedly lost connection internet.although united states government take credit president obama announced united states would carry “proportional response” light sony hack.public discussion reporting hack december sony requested media stop covering hack. |
Sony Pictures hack | sony also threatened legal action media comply according law professor eugene volokh sonys legal threats unlikely prevail.sony threatened legal action twitter suspend accounts people posted hacked material.american screenwriter aaron sorkin wrote oped new york times opining media helping hackers publishing reporting leaked information.december reddit took unusual step banning subreddit rsonygop used distribute hacked files.pulling interview threats made directly sony interview seen many threat free speech. |
Sony Pictures hack | decision pull film criticized several hollywood filmmakers actors television hosts including ben stiller steve carell rob lowe jimmy kimmel judd apatow.commentators contrasted situation noncontroversial release team america world police film mocked leadership north koreas prior leader kim jongil.alamo drafthouse poised replace showings interview team america films distributor paramount pictures ordered theaters stop.in light threats made sony interview new regency cancelled march production plans film adaptation graphic novel pyongyang journey north korea set star steve carell.hustler announced intentions make pornographic parody film interview.hustler founder larry flynt said kim jongun henchmen upset wait till see movie going make. |
East Midlands Operational Support Service | outside united states china media coverage hackings limited outside sources censored.search north korea hack baidu chinas leading search engine returned one article named north korea one several suspects.however google inaccessible china returned million results query.hua chunying spokeswoman foreign affairs shied away directly addressing sony hacking situation.see also south korea cyberattack– swift banking hacknorth koreas illicit activities referenceshistory east midlands operational support service emopss established may collaboration agreement accordance section e police act .parties affected agreement police crime commissioners leicestershire lincolnshire northamptonshire nottinghamshire well chief constables four forces.nottinghamshire police internal review may nottinghamshire police left east midlands operational support service internal review found service fundamentally flawed inefficient unsustainable.nottinghamshire police also stated response times greatly delayed due shared service police cars seriously damaged due extended prolonged use travelling hundreds miles day.paddy tipping nottinghamshire police crime commissioner said time confident people need help would get timely manner due emopss.the remaining three forces shared service stated agree nottinghamshire polices review said although service may worked well nottinghamshire working fine remaining forces.northamptonshire police leaving partnership march northamptonshire police formally left partnership.may chief constable nick adderley stated northamptonshire police reaping benefits bringing specialist operational units back northamptonshire. |
East Midlands Operational Support Service | chief constable also stated primary responsibility northamptonshire people northamptonshire benefiting partnership.appears conclusion nottinghamshire police came one year prior.northamptonshire police recorded increase incidents armed officers responded police dogs.organization east midlands operational support service responsibility police crime commissioners partner forces well chief constables.emopss combines specialist officers resources leicestershire police lincolnshire police northamptonshire police. |
East Midlands Operational Support Service | specialist officers resources work together support three counties form six primary unitsteams.although chief constables commissioners responsible support service forces decided allow assistant chief constable leicestershire police julia debenham directly charge emopss.dog section emopss dog section provides region generalpurpose police dogs deployed variety operations including searching people evidence illegal substances disarming violent offenders compliance.the dog section based leicestershire police headquarters leicester.roads armed policing team rapt emoss roads armed policing team rapt response patrol team.officer rapt home office approved authorized firearm officer advanced driving pursuit training.rapt officers equipped firearms tasers. |
East Midlands Operational Support Service | rapt responsible patrolling roads combatting antisocial illegal driving counterterrorism attacks involving weapons.serious collision investigation unit sciu role sciu investigate fatal road collisions someone seriously injured someone believed fault.also support families people fatally wounded road traffic collision.the serious collision investigation unit made five separate specific roles.senior investigating officer sio usually sergeant inspector responsible deployment sciu investigation.forensic collision investigator fci responsible assembling evidence reconstructing collisions deem driver error responsible.forensic vehicle investigator fvi responsible gathering evidence inspecting vehicles see faults vehicle involved.investigation officers ios responsible collecting evidence statements interviewing witnesses suspects.family liaison officer flo responsible informing family someone fatally critically wounded supporting throughout investigation.tactical armed policing team officers within tactical armed policing team home office approved authorised firearms officers.responsible responding armed incidents preplanned armed deployments searcharrest warrants suspect believed armed prisoner escorts responding cbrn incidents.the tactical armed policing team based northamptonshire police headquarters northampton. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | tactical roads policing team trpt tactical roads policing team emopss responsible patrolling roads enforcing road traffic laws combating antisocial behaviour driving vehicle pursuits discouraging criminal behaviour remaining visible public.the trpt based lincolnshire police station grantham leicestershire police headquarters.tactical support team tactical support team group officers responsible executing search warrants public order specialist searches evidence missing people bodies.specialize method entry underwater searching water rescue.referencesconflicting reports number killed attack since part mall collapsed due fire started siege.attack resulted total deaths including civilians five kenyan soldiers four attackers.approximately people wounded mass shooting.the extremist islamic group alshabaab claimed responsibility incident characterised retribution kenyan militarys deployment groups home country somalia.many media outlets also suspected insurgent groups involvement attack based earlier reprisal warnings issued wake operation linda nchi .kenyan authorities arrested dozens people aftermath attack announced suspects directly related siege.november kenyan court charged four somali nationals harbouring gunmen homes pleading guilty.on september foreign policy magazine reported westgate attack september lasted several hours last victim killed special kenyan security forces entered mall. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | mall officially declared secured september.background incident followed threats alshabaab late attacks kenya retaliation operation linda nchi coordinated military operation southern somalia launched group somali armed forces kenya defence forces.one week incident month united nations warnings possible attacks kenyan police claimed disrupted major attack final stages planning arresting two people grenades ak assault rifles suicide vests packed ball bearings.two suspects nairobi neighbourhood somali immigrants live.manhunt also launched eight suspects. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | sunday telegraph claimed seen united nations documents warned previous month threat attempted largescale attack kenya elevated.incident nairobi senator mike sonko claimed warned security services possible attack three months previously.country celebrating international day peace incident took place.shootings initial siege saturday september noon least four masked assailants initially claimed government attacked westgate shopping mall upscale mall nairobi westlands district.fighting armed police continued hours later. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | cameras mall revealed gunmen carried assault rifles wore civilian clothing.additional reports grenade explosions.police surrounded area urged residents stay away.report indicated people trapped basement police said escorted shoppers safety trying capture gunmen.secretarygeneral kenya red cross society abbas gullet said rescue workers could reach patrons mall. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | inspector general police david kimaiyo wrote police scene area surrounded.rob van dijk employee dutch embassy said eating restaurant attack started grenades followed gunfire patrons screamed dropped ground.witnesses said attack began outdoor seating area artcaffe front mall.artcaffe employee patrick kuria said started hearing gunshots downstairs outside.later heard come inside.took cover. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | saw two gunmen wearing black turbans.saw shoot.casualties entrance mall assailants moved outside standoff commenced police.ambulances present mall rescuers started moving emerging victims.reports indicated children among victims patrons carrying small children among trapped. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | mall security guards used shopping carts ferry wounded children.nation tv footage showed dozens people escaping back entrance.bloomberg correspondent marco lui second floor mall attack started said two explosions happened within five minutes other.heard noise ground floor people started running parking area rooftop.panicking second blast went people even panicked.eyewitnesses said addition grenades attackers used aks. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | twenty people rescued toy shop upper floor.kenyan army troops arrived used tear gas try smoke attackers cinema complex.vehicles riddled bullet holes left abandoned front mall.kimaiyo said officers ground carrying evacuation inside search attackers said inside.police officer said gunmen barricaded inside nakumatt supermarket. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | indicated three bodies pointed pool blood childrens shoe shop.pointed hamburger bar music still played indicated bodies found there.rescue efforts goran tomasevic reuters chief photographer east africa recorded first hours attacks described extremely distressed people including children women men bleeding impact shrapnel gunshots.abdul yusuf haji son former defence minister kenya mohamed yusuf haji receiving text messages brother noordin yusuf haji undercover antiterrorism agent stuck inside shopping center travelled mall handgun entered civilian rescuers.helped rescue mother three daughters providing cover armed rescuers. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | tomasevics photos rescue efforts civilians beamed around world.several armed unarmed civilians also participated various rescues.exsas man former member arw irish army ranger wing l.b.duty member diplomatic protective services tactical response unit dpstru former british armed forces major dominic troulan helped save lives.working security consultants raced westgate mall alshabaab gunmen went rampage.fire organised rescue terrified shoppers. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | several similarities rescue civilians members elite forces rescue nairobi dusitd complex attack.by nightfall mall remained sealed public security services searched floor floor gunmen believed still inside hostages.people continued trickle hiding places.internal security minister mutea iringo said government control situation.kimaiyo also wrote several assailants pinned security forces moved mall.president uhuru kenyatta said security operation delicate top priority safeguard hostages. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | – hour reporting five visibly shaken hostages release – national disaster operation centre ndoc wrote major operations underway.the next evening nightfall hours beginning attack gunfire still heard mall.military spokesman colonel cyrus oguna said hostages released saying dehydrated suffering shock added four kenyan soldiers injured rescue operation.scores bystanders gathered mall operations continued.ndoc forecast operation would end night.kenyatta said nation criminals located one place within building...we good chance successfully neutralise terrorists hope for. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | also called patience said received numerous offers assistance friendly countries.september lenku assured anything reasonably possible cautiously though bring process end said least three alshabab fighters killed ten kenyan soldiers wounded.eleven soldiers also injured day three kenyan commandos shot close range.also reported three floors mall collapsed attack trapping bodies inside.on night september lull firing resumed early morning hours.day progressed police said conducting final sweep complex interior ministry released statement said fourdaylong assault near end. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | gunmen still inside.vowed full accountability mindless destruction deaths pain loss suffering undergone.kenyan red cross said people still missing.nairobi daily business returned normal appeals replenished blood banks us raised support affected families.israeli involvement time attacks mall owned israelis least four restaurants mall ownedoperated israelis according israeli sources. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | international business times stated kenya israel secret security pact.israeli military advisers reported participated counteroffensive hostage takers joined fighting although israeli foreign ministry refused confirm deny presence forces.looting days following initial attack kenyan soldiers sent mall rescue people inside find gunmen.yet soldiers sent many caught camera looting almost every shop mall besieged.two soldiers arrested jailed looting mobile phones several others questioned. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | victims siege days afterwards toll casualties remained unclear.eyewitnesses reported seen bodies mall.addition first reported hostages taken attackers later became apparent hostages ever held eyewitnesses also said seen dozens wounded.unnamed local hospital reported overwhelmed number wounded brought consequently diverted victims second facility.least people killed including four terrorists. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | addition numerous kenyans killed least foreigners different nationalities also died.national disaster operation centre said wounded ranged age .sources said people wounded including soldiers.also claims torture carried terrorists.notable victims included kenyan journalist ruhila adatiasood president uhuru kenyattas nephew mbugua mwangi fiancée rosemary wahito ghanaian poet diplomat kofi awoonor canadian diplomat annemarie desloges. |
Westgate shopping mall attack | kenyan interior minister joseph ole lenku said israelis targeted.time story israel.minister saying internal kenyan issue.security forces tell terror organisation targeting israelis.most victims kenya’s business political elite well expatriates diplomatic community.investigation british police officers based kenya arrived scene help kenyan counterterrorism officials kenyan officials began investigation. |
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