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2020 United States federal government data breach
december cisa issued emergency directive asking federal agencies disable solarwinds software reduce risk additional intrusions even though would reduce agencies ability monitor computer networks.russian government said involved attacks.on december department commerce confirmed asked cisa fbi investigate.nsc activated p...
2020 United States federal government data breach
congress senate armed services committees cybersecurity subcommittee briefed defense department officials.house committee homeland security house committee oversight reform announced investigation.marco rubio acting chair senate intelligence committee said u.s. must retaliate perpetrator certain.committees vicechairman...
2020 United States federal government data breach
judiciary administrative office united states courts initiated audit dhs u.s. judiciarys case managementelectronic case files cmecf system.stopped accepting highly sensitive court documents cmecf requiring instead accepted paper form airgapped devices.president trump president donald trump made comment hack days report...
2020 United States federal government data breach
speculated without evidence attack might also involved hit voting machines part longrunning campaign trump falsely assert election.trumps claim rebutted former cisa director chris krebs pointed trumps claim possible.adam schiff chair house intelligence committee described trumps statements dishonest calling comment sca...
2020 United States federal government data breach
december biden reported transition team still denied access briefings attack trump administration officials.in january biden named appointees two relevant white house positions elizabeth sherwoodrandall homeland security adviser anne neuberger deputy national security adviser cyber emerging technology.in march biden ad...
2020 United States federal government data breach
cyber espionage cyberattack attack prompted debate whether hack treated cyber espionage cyberattack constituting act war.current former u.s. officials considered russian hack stunning distressing feat espionage cyberattack russians appear destroy manipulate data cause physical damage example electrical grid.erica borgh...
2020 United States federal government data breach
u.s. senator richard j. durbin dil described attack tantamount declaration war.debate possible u.s. responses writing wired borghard schneider opined u.s. continue build rely strategic deterrence convince states weaponize cyber intelligence collect.also stated deterrence may effectively discourage cyberespionage attemp...
Burmese pythons in Florida
however since end th century become established breeding population south florida.although burmese pythons first sighted everglades national park officially recognized reproducing population .since number python sightings exponentially increased sightings .burmese pythons prey wide variety birds mammals crocodilian spe...
Burmese pythons in Florida
importation burmese pythons banned united states january u.s. department interior.invasive impact burmese pythons state florida classified invasive species.disrupt ecosystem preying native species outcompeting native species food resources andor disrupting physical nature environment.comparable size even larger adult n...
Burmese pythons in Florida
high reproductive potential rapid sexual development longevity burmese pythons clarify controlling population removal individuals would difficult.typical female breeds every year produces clutch twenty fifty eggs live twenty years more.additionally apex predators dietary generalists burmese pythons target wide array ta...
Burmese pythons in Florida
comparisons road surveys conducted prior proliferation proliferation indicated declines frequency raccoon opossum bobcat rabbit fox mammalian species sightings.declines concordant spatial geography python spread.species well known increased numbers following human disturbance however.smaller declines observed pythons r...
Burmese pythons in Florida
everglades everglades region subtropical wetlands comprising lower third florida peninsula.original everglades remains protected within everglades national park enp.climate south florida location everglades surrounded metropolitan area east naples west florida bay south make particularly vulnerable infestations exotic ...
Burmese pythons in Florida
however majority experts concur python population grew particularly hurricane andrew.category storm destroyed python breeding facility released numerous snakes adjacent swamps.evaluation genetic structure burmese pythons sampled everglades national park determined population genetically distinct pythons sampled native ...
Burmese pythons in Florida
pythons analyzed genetic signatures indian rock python within dna.indian rock pythons notorious smaller faster aggressive species burmese python.suggested interbreeding allows invasive hybrid species adapt rapidly everglades ecosystem.estimating population burmese pythons everglades challenging secretive nature species...
Burmese pythons in Florida
pythons spend majority day hiding whether burrows aquatic habitats one study indicated even seasoned herpetologists showed efficacy detecting pythons housed seminatural environment.consequently estimates python populations range least .spatial ecology several attempts made better understanding spatial ecology burmese p...
Burmese pythons in Florida
total length.gut analyses indicate captured pythons consume nearly bird mammal alligator found everglades including nationally endangered key largo woodrats neotoma floridana smalli wood storks mycteria americana.radiotelemetry includes use small surgically implanted radiotransmitters track movement patterns captured r...
Burmese pythons in Florida
five six snakes displaced – kilometres – mi capture sites displayed oriented movement returning within kilometres mi original location.homing ability burmese python therefore additional factor must considered predictions future range python within southern us management current population within south florida.they carr...
Burmese pythons in Florida
february usgs scientists published projected range map us based average climate data snakes home range global warming projections predicted end st century snakes could migrate flourish much third continental united states including three coasts.numerous climate matching models indicated florida vast portions coast rest...
Burmese pythons in Florida
report concluded regarding areas putative suitability potential expansion within united states find remarkably area snakes known colonized south florida essentially region climatic conditions suitable pythons.almost potential continental expansion predicted based results ecological niche models.in contrast proposal con...
Burmese pythons in Florida
however numerous snakes survived cold spell potentially using behavioral mechanisms seeking refuge underground.behavioral traits heritable possible winter served selection event coldtolerant pythons.selected population pythons would enhanced ability spread northwards extend pythons invasive range.addition behavioral tr...
Burmese pythons in Florida
burmese python remain everglades.furthermore reputable herpetologists commented controversial theory positing future migration past florida everglades.national geographic societys resident herpetologist dr. brady barr said climate data reveal temperatures found southern florida simply conducive longterm survival large ...
Burmese pythons in Florida
press sensationalized story point people think sky falling.hopefully comprehensive research jacobson et al.put end hysteria.control several methods proposed control thriving burmese python population florida much pythons introduced range includes areas inaccessible humans.unfortunately strategies proposed thus far resu...
Burmese pythons in Florida
example numerous people suggested using dogs detect pythons.assessment detection dogs mode python removal determined success dog search team significantly greater compared human search teams controlled plot searches.thick vegetation reduce visibility hold odors limited efficacy human dog searchers within plots.however ...
Burmese pythons in Florida
greater cost dog search team compared human searchers additional consideration.second week december program first success.the burmese python system also poses challenges trapping efforts.trapping traditional method snake capture include use device inescapable funnel drift fence directs snake movement towards trap.cruci...
Burmese pythons in Florida
finally immense area occupied burmese python undermines utility extensive trapping.trapping could practical smaller scale critical areas targeted.biocontrol biological control pythons also proposed several scientists likely low detectability pythons.traditionally biocontrols use virus parasite bacterium selective targe...
Burmese pythons in Florida
one possible ways biocontrol reintroduction native predators.example jaguars lived florida pleistocene became locally extinct.big cats kill eat large snakes diet south america includes anacondas.beyond scientific community use bounty hunters received great deal support officials media results disappointing.python chall...
Burmese pythons in Florida
environmental chemist dr. david krabbenhoft u.s. geological survey tested tissue samples collection frozen python tails maintained scientists everglades national park.analysis samples yielded .ppm mercury.state florida considers fish containing .ppm mercury unsafe eat.
Burmese pythons in Florida
however december fwc studying mercury levels order make recommendations size age location origin might safe eat.eggs edible.in july south florida water management district florida fish wildlife conservation commission announced th python removed everglades.legislation effective practical control method south floridas b...
Burmese pythons in Florida
diameter well pit tags implanted snakes skin identification purposes.measure aims prevent introduction snake species burmese python regions beyond south florida.united states department interior placed four additional species snakes including burmese python lacey act provisions.according provisions importation burmese ...
Tropical cyclone engineering
“florida hunters capture giant snakes python bowl.” guardian guardian news media jan. external links removing pythons florida archived wayback machine florida fish wildlife conservation commissionpbs nature video invasion giant pythonstracking big snakes devouring everglades interview michael dorcasinvasive snakesburme...
Tactics of terrorism
vulnerable areas coastal counties along gulf atlantic seaboards experiencing greater population growth development anyplace else country.trend rapidly increasing losses caused hurricanes reversed whole new philosophy understanding planning preparedness required.hurricane engineering curriculum result multidisciplinary ...
Tactics of terrorism
tactics include shootings hijackings kidnappings bombings suicide attacks.tactics seen unconventional used instances all.however unconventional tactics perceived government officials experts alike serious potential threats.types unconventional terrorism tactics commonly recognized terrorism experts bioterrorism agroter...
Tactics of terrorism
dual effect increasing available firepower terrorists generally far weaker targets well assuring publicity necessary attract sympathisers cause.these may implanted automobiles make car bomb planted roadside detonate near target vehicles even strapped bodies individuals suicide attacks.tactical perspective methods posit...
Tactics of terrorism
usually tactics used demonstrative purposes targeted assassinations.cases though target kill large number people.thus coercion element terrorism coercion paramount objective suicide terrorism.the number attacks using suicide tactics grown average fewer five per year per year suicide attacks .attacks aimed diverse milit...
Tactics of terrorism
attack pakistan based jaishemohammed group indian security forces pulwama district jammu kashmir india resulted loss security personnel crpf.eventually resulted india–pakistan border skirmishes .rocket mortar attacks use rocket mortar attacks widely used – example middle east rocket attacks cities settlements carried p...
Tactics of terrorism
examples attacks include jerusalem bulldozer attack omeed aziz popal suv rampage.compared suicidebomb attacks using vehicles weapons easier plan carry without detection.tactic require acquiring explosives.weapon standard streetlegal vehicle readily available target country used without raising suspicion.according repor...
Tactics of terrorism
year another similar attack occurred us specifically new york city october killing eight.terrorist attacks similar m.o.occurred intermittently western countries since though produced fatalities.aircraft attacks hijackings failed airliner attack shoulderlaunched surfacetoair missiles fired airliner taking off.aircraft h...
Tactics of terrorism
chemical biological weapons bioterrorism deliberate release viruses bacteria germs agents used cause illness death people animals plants.biological agents typically found nature possible changed increase ability cause disease make resistant current medicines increase ability spread environment.biological agents hands t...
Tactics of terrorism
september several letters containing anthrax sent media outlets u.s. congressional offices senator thomas daschle senator patrick leahy.five americans died anthrax inhalation result contact contaminated mail.anthrax attacks relatively smallscale united states government taken several steps since pass legislation initia...
Tactics of terrorism
agroterrorism subset bioterrorism agroterrorism refers deliberate introduction animal plant disease purposes generating fear causing economic losses undermining social stability.ultimate goal agroterrorism killing livestock plants contaminating food cause economic crises agricultural food industries social unrest loss ...
Tactics of terrorism
also livestock usually concentrated confined locations allows diseases infect animals quickly.although many experts believe united states susceptible agroterrorism never suffered large scale agroterrorism related attack.many political scientists identified salmonella attack dalles oregon smallscale example agroterroris...
Tactics of terrorism
nuclear weapons concerns also raised regarding attacks involving nuclear weapons.considered plausible terrorists could acquire nuclear weapon.british news agency telegraph received leaked documents regarding guantanamo bay interrogations khalid sheikh mohammed.documents cited khalid saying osama bin laden captured kill...
Tactics of terrorism
another serious concern weaknesses many states’ nuclear security apparatuses left susceptible theft loss heu plutonium.according international atomic energy agencys iaea illicit trafficking database itdb incidents theft loss heu plutonium reported itdbs participating states.given serious concerns united states allies i...
Tactics of terrorism
october speech united states secretary defense leon panetta described seriousness cyber attack united states “a cyber attack perpetrated nation states violent extremists groups could destructive terrorist attack .destructive cyber terrorist attack could paralyze nation.” term “cyberterrorism” first coined barry collin ...
Tactics of terrorism
political scientists like lewis argue terrorist organizations like alqaeda might use cyber attacks disrupt emergency services order reinforce multiply effect physical attack.conventional firearms despite popular image terrorism bombings alone large number casualties higher media impact associated bombings conventional ...
Tactics of terrorism
stabbing stabbing attacks inexpensive easy carry difficult security services prevent.secondary attacks terrorist groups may arrange secondary devices detonate slightly later time order kill emergencyresponse personnel attempting attend dead wounded.repeated suspected use secondary devices also delay emergency response ...
Tactics of terrorism
range training depends greatly level support terrorist organization receives various organizations states.nearly every case training incorporates philosophy agenda groups leadership justification training well potential acts terrorism may committed.state sanctioned training far extensive thorough often employing profes...
Tactics of terrorism
population may ethnically distinct counterterrorist forces either sympathetic cause indifferent acts duress.funding funding raised legal illegal ways.common ways raise funds front groups charitable organizations ngos similar ideologies.absence state funding terrorists may rely organized crime fund activities.included k...
Tactics of terrorism
communications even though older communication methods like radio still used revolution communication technology past – years dramatically changed terrorist organizations communicate.emails fax transmissions websites cell phones satellite telephones made possible organizations contemplate global strategy.however great ...
Mobile asset management
asymmetric situation enemy cannot defeated militarily may defeated psychologically may come fear attack consequences much may become willing forgo superior military position order free cause fear.if terrorist group carry enough credible attacks coded warnings planted electronic chatter designed intercepted cause much d...
Mobile asset management
people actively tracked locate reliably quickly unfortunate case disaster.persontracking highly specialized application requires specialpurpose technology workable within specific controlled environment.tracking individual person open uncontrolled environment without special instrumentation realistically possible.conce...
Mobile asset management
annual costs include replacement lost damaged special containers typically containers surplus circulation nobody knows where.outsourcing mobile asset management mobile asset management providers manage asset operation within supply chain directing activities client’s third party logistics company needed ensure proper s...
Mobile asset management
specific identification container’s origin destination virtually impossible method.components mobile asset management mobile asset management solutions include one partsserver unitdatabase unitwireless tags unitsillumination bases wireless communications gsmlocating receivers gps asset tracking technology sophisticated...
Mobile asset management
system known active rfid uses tags batteries constantly beacon.popular form asset tracking using rfid passive rfid using iso standard c. financial services technology consortium created standard tracking assets bank locations see company performed work fstc member banks odin specialty rfid asset tracking software.flexi...
International Computing Centre
created interorganization facility provide electronic data processing services users.initially unicc functioned service bureau providing mainframe services limited number users.years unicc broadened range services include internet hosting managed storage services.unicc years experience providing information communicati...
Sinking cities
unicc offices geneva switzerlandvalencia spainrome italy brindisi italy new york city u.s. unicc services client services unicc offers client services areas consulting strategic advisory services subject matter expertise.unicc consultingit advisory firmslearningdigital business communicationsproject managementapplicati...
Sinking cities
number theories presented date insufficient evidence support single root cause led formation cities.agriculture increased economic productivity superior social organization often cited key contributing factors gave rise ancient cities although likely factors play.today similar forces continue drivers behind urbanizatio...
Sinking cities
throughout history areas continued develop today densely populated regions world.causes growing physical risks many coastal cities stem combination factors relating rapid urbanization climate change land subsidence.many natural hazards largely anthropogenic origin.many cases fundamental aspects lead sinking cities beco...
Sinking cities
united nations estimates approximately worlds population living urban areas .urbanization vast implications including urban planning geography sociology architecture economics public health region.rate urbanization occurs also important.slower rates urbanization allow city planners time make thoughtful planning decisio...
Sinking cities
currently asian urban population increasing per day expected nearly double .billion .billion .troubling fact much growth taking place along coasts.china population growth urban coastal locations three times national growth rate.
Sinking cities
rapid increases population growth challenge carrying capacity urban environments often leading mismanagement natural resources.sinking cities common result overextraction groundwater ultimately resulting land subsidence.climate change lowlying cities especially prone devastating effects climate change.risks posed clima...
Sinking cities
emissions gap report confirmed ghg emissions continue rise despite highly publicized political commitments.report goes emphasize countries must increase intended nationally determined contributions threefold remain °c goal fivefold achieve .°c goal.coastal cities bear largest impacts climate change due proximity sea.st...
Sinking cities
asias coastal megacities particularly risk certain cities flood protection measures cited inadequate even year flood events.sea level rise although reports vary widely predicting height sea level rise future ipcc estimates predict meter rise next century.reports consider ipcc estimates far low suggest levels closer .me...
Sinking cities
sea levels continue rise coastal cities face challenges properly modeling preparing increased storm surges brought tropical storms.intensifying storms risks due sea level rise compounded intensifying storms.oceans continue warm tropical cyclone rainfall rates cyclone intensities likely increase.studies conducted noaa a...
Sinking cities
additionally climate change may cause change paths tropical cyclones bringing storms places previously contend major hurricanes.vulnerable areas likely unaware illprepared ever intensifying storms.land subsidence subsidence sudden sinking gradual downward settling grounds surface little horizontal motion.land subsidenc...
Sinking cities
land subsidence also adds growing risk coastal flooding oftentimes net rate subsidence exceeds sea level rise.bangkok gulf thailand rising .cm per year city sinking far faster rate cm per year.downward settlement significantly increases flood vulnerability ultimately lead major economic damages loss lives.causes throug...
Sinking cities
due dense populations along river deltas industrial development relaxed environmental protections river waters often became polluted.become ever common phenomena coastal megacities particularly asia.many cities unable afford costly water treatment systems forced rely heavily groundwater.groundwater extracted aquifers s...
Sinking cities
depending geology region subsidence may occur rapidly many coastal plains slowly large bedrock exists region.examples venice often referenced example city suffering subsidence however relatively minor case mostly historical origins.serious asian metropolises concentrations millions people living even mean sea level.cit...
Sinking cities
particularly developing nations record subsidence far control.many cities possess resources necessary conduct complex often expensive geological geotechnical hydrogeological studies required accurately measure model future land subsidence.mexico city example sinking city neither coastal lowlying.city originally constru...
Sinking cities
although early cultures drew water lakes aquifers merely people compared citys current population million.today historic densely populated city rapidly sinking varying rates – cmyear.city also currently plagued water shortage issues emphasizing common positive feedback loop exists within sinking cities.impacts economic...
Sinking cities
natural catastrophes cause average economic losses us– billion annually single largescale disaster easily surpass proven hurricanes sandy maria.numerous sinking cities throughout world becoming ever exposed natural disasters many financial means prepare impending storms.in july august floods high tide often near subway...
Sinking cities
confirmed chao phraya river flooded losses amounted around thailands gdp.although many us cities less exposed better equipped handle impacts climate change cases us cities especially susceptible terms economic risk.study conducted zillow real estate firm found combined billion worth real estate would underwater sea lev...
Sinking cities
however major questions raised regarding projects effectiveness social responsibility.social ethical asian urbanization accompanied significant increase number urban poor migrants continue move cities hopes economic prosperity.one report oecd examined vulnerability major port cities climate change found approximately h...
Sinking cities
study found flood risk threatens people natural catastrophe.the urban poor bear disproportionate burden climate change risk likely settle areas prone flooding.also seen many us cities low income housing typically situated flood zones.hurricane katrina new orleans disproportionately impacted low income minority communit...
Sinking cities
coming decades impending storms begin damage large sinking cities environmental refugees likely become global phenomena.political sinking cities even led nations make drastic political changes.jakarta capital indonesia home million people one fastest sinking cities world.almost half city sits sea level researchers beli...
Sinking cities
move hopes ease inequality growing population issues jakarta relocating large portion population new capital.controversial move unprecedented likely one first capital relocations driven environmental forces.policy development many cases urban officials unable manage challenges associated sinking cities.although every c...
Sinking cities
starts conducting local regional assessments analyze citylevel flood risks culminates creating long term resiliency plan cities.stage climate change longer mitigated.international goals hope reduce impact throughout twentyfirst century however cities must design climate adaptability mind.land subsidence components sink...
Sinking cities
many different techniques used today including optical leveling gps surveys lidar insar satellite imagery.ideally combination techniques used conduct initial studies.many cities successfully implemented policies reduce subsidence.tokyo groundwater regulations implemented early ten years later subsidence came halt.shang...
Sinking cities
shanghai implemented active recharge technique actively pumps equal amount water back subsurface water extracted.assuming pumping rates balance recharge rates proven successful strategy.adaptation many sinking cities adaptation realistic strategy many feedback loops associated urbanization strong overcome.sinking citie...
Sinking cities
however united nations adaptation fund remains pitifully underresourced us million.many countries foreign assistance necessary fund large adaptation projects.a major component adapting climate change installation flood protections warning systemsevacuation planning land use spatial planning.construction large seawalls ...
World Health Day
need regulate land use reduce exposure flood risk highest priority many governments.netherlands implemented countrywide program coined room river programme aims give river room able manage higher water levels throughout country.allowing buffer space rivers flood naturally sinking cities reduce risk floods impact establ...
World Health Day
day also meant celebrate individual health workers – people provide health care need words heart health systems.the day also marked launch whos world health report focused theme.report contained assessment current crisis global health workforce revealing estimated shortage almost .million physicians midwives nurses hea...
World Health Day
make hospitals safe emergencies world health day focused safety health facilities readiness health workers treat affected emergencies.health centres staff critical lifelines vulnerable people disasters – treating injuries preventing illnesses caring peoples health needs.often already fragile health systems unable keep ...
World Health Day
lives collect stories urban health champions taken action significant impact health cities.antimicrobial resistance theme world health day marked april antimicrobial resistance global spread focused need governments stakeholders implement policies practices needed prevent counter emergence highly resistant microorganis...
World Health Day
meanwhile birth rates generally falling.countries health care systems need find innovative sustainable ways cope demographic shift.stated john beard director department ageing life course rapid ageing populations finding right model longterm care becomes urgent.different activities organized well nongovernmental commun...
World Health Day
reports hypertension – preventable treatable – contributes burden heart disease stroke kidney failure important cause premature death disability.organization estimates one adults raised blood pressure.specific objectives world health day campaign toraise awareness causes consequences high blood pressureprovide informat...
World Health Day
campaign advocated health authorities countries vectorborne diseases public health problem emerging threat put place measures improve surveillance protection.food safety promoted improvement food safety part world health day campaign.unsafe food — food containing harmful bacteria viruses parasites chemical substances —...
World Health Day
simple lifestyle measures shown effective preventing delaying onset type diabetes including maintaining normal body weight engaging regular physical activity eating healthy diet.diabetes controlled managed prevent complications diagnosis selfmanagement education affordable treatment.estimates million people world diabe...
World Health Day
depression lets talk world health day celebrated april aims mobilize action depression.condition affects people ages walks life countries.impacts peoples ability carry everyday tasks consequences families friends even communities workplaces health care systems.worst depression lead selfinflicted injury suicide.better u...
World Health Day
universal health coverage everyone everywhere world health day theme universal health coverage everyone everywhere emphasized idea health fundamental human right people able access health care.slogan day health all.several events held including panel discussion universal health coverage live streamed.marked th annivers...
World Health Day
commemorate world health day theme world health organization launched campaign sign petition health held facebook live event shared information primary health care universal health coverage statistics facts.support nurses midwives world health day theme took place context covid global pandemic therefore launched suppor...
Chernobyl disaster
much efforts focused raising funds covid solidarity response fund.see also references external links world health day official websiteworld health day official website pan american health organization world health organization regional office americasworld health official website world health organization regional offi...
Chernobyl disaster
operators unable restore power level specified test program put reactor unstable condition.risk made evident operating instructions operators proceeded test.upon test completion operators triggered reactor shutdown.combination operator negligence critical design flaws made reactor primed explode.instead shutting uncont...
Chernobyl disaster
core melted two explosions ruptured reactor core destroyed reactor building.immediately followed openair reactor core fire.released considerable airborne radioactive contamination nine days precipitated onto parts ussr western europe finally ending may .fallout landed belarus kilometres .mi away.
Chernobyl disaster
fire released amount contamination initial explosion.result rising ambient radiation levels offsite kilometre .mi radius exclusion zone created hours accident.people evacuated area primarily pripyat.exclusion zone later increased kilometres mi people evacuated wider area later became chernobyl exclusion zone covering a...
Chernobyl disaster
massive emergency operation put fire stabilize reactor clean ejected nuclear core began.immediate emergency response station staff firemen hospitalized acute radiation syndrome due absorbing high doses ionizing radiation.people died days months afterward approximately suspected radiationinduced cancer deaths followed w...
Chernobyl disaster
determining total eventual number exposure related deaths uncertain based linear nothreshold model contested statistical model.model predictions eventual total death toll coming decades vary.robust studies predict fatalities solely assessing three contaminated former soviet states fatalities assessing whole europe.foll...
Chernobyl disaster
reduced spread radioactive contamination wreckage protected weathering.also provided radiological protection crews undamaged reactors site restarted late .due continued deterioration sarcophagus enclosed chernobyl new safe confinement.larger enclosure allows removal sarcophagus reactor debris containing radioactive haz...
Chernobyl disaster
background reactor cooling shutdown powergenerating operation heat generated nuclear reactor fuel rods derived nuclear fission significant fraction derived radioactive decay accumulated fission products process known decay heat.decay heat continues time fission chain reaction stopped following reactor shutdown either e...
Chernobyl disaster
interim special counterweights pump would enable provide coolant via inertia thereby bridging gap generator startup.however potential safety risk existed event station blackout occurred simultaneously rupture millimetre coolant pipe socalled design basis accident.scenario emergency core cooling system eccs needed pump ...