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Beach | anchor pressdoubleday garden city new york.p.schwartz maurice l. .encyclopedia beaches coastal environments volume encyclopedia earth sciences.virginia hutchinson ross pub.co. pp. |
Self-XSS | .isbn .external links coping beach erosion – unescoselfxss attack victim attack unknowingly runs malicious code web browser thus exposing personal information attacker kind vulnerability known crosssite scripting.overview selfxss operates tricking users also copying pasting malicious content browsers web developer console.usually attacker posts message says copying running certain code user able hack another users account.fact code allows attacker hijack victims account.history mitigation past similar attack took place users tricked pasting malicious javascript address bar. |
Self-XSS | browser vendors stopped preventing easily running javascript address bar attackers started using selfxss current form.web browser vendors web sites taken steps mitigate attack.firefox google chrome begun implementing safeguards warn users selfxss attacks.facebook others display warning message users open web developer console link pages explaining attack detail.etymology self part name comes fact user attacking themselves. |
Self-XSS | xss part name comes abbreviation crosssite scripting attacks result malicious code running legitimate site.however attacks dont much else common xss attack website users cannot protect fixed site operator making site secure whereas selfxss social engineering attack user savvy users protect site operator cannot anything it.references reading mccaney kevin november .ways avoid exploit facebook spam attack.gcn. |
Form grabbing | public sector media group.retrieved september .allows malware avoid https encryption.method effective keylogger software acquire user’s credentials even input using virtual keyboard autofill copy paste.sort information based variable names email account name password.additionally form grabber log url title website data gathered from.history method invented developer variant trojan horse called downloader.barbew attempts download backdoor.barbew internet bring local system execution. |
Form grabbing | however popularized well known type malware attack emergence infamous banking trojan zeus .zeus used steal banking information maninthebrowser keystroke logging form grabbing.like zeus barbew trojan initially spammed large numbers individuals emails masquerading bigname banking companies.form grabbing method first advanced iterations zeus allowed module detect grabbed form data also determine useful information taken was.later versions form grabber also privy website actual data submitted leaving sensitive information vulnerable before. |
Form grabbing | known occurrences trojan known tinba tiny banker trojan built form grabbing able steal online banking credentials first discovered .another program called weylandyutani bot first software designed attack macos platform work firefox.web injects templates weylandyutani bot different existing ones zeus spyeye.another known version british airways breach september .british airways’ case organizations’ servers appeared compromised directly attackers modifying one javascript files modernizr javascript library version .. include piicredit card logging script would grab payment information send information server controlled attacker hosted “baways.com” domain ssl certificate issued “comodo” certificate authority.the british airways mobile application also loads webpage built css javascript components main website including malicious script installed magecart.thus payments made using british airways mobile app also affected. |
Form grabbing | countermeasures due recent increase keylogging form grabbing antivirus companies adding additional protection counter efforts keyloggers prevent collecting passwords.efforts taken different forms varying antivirus companies safepay password manager others.counter form grabbing users privileges become limited would prevent installing browser helper objects bhos form grabbing software.administrators create list malicious servers firewalls.new countermeasures using outofband communication circumvent form grabbers maninthebrowser also emerging examples include formlss.circumvent threat use different communication channel send sensitive data trusted server. |
Internet Explorer | thus information entered compromised device.alternative initiatives fidelius use added hardware protect inputoutput compromised believed compromised device.see also keystroke loggingmalwaretrojan horseweb security exploitscomputer insecurityinternet privacytiny banker trojan referencesfirst released part addon package plus windows year.later versions available free downloads inservice packs included original equipment manufacturer oem service releases windows later versions windows.new feature development browser discontinued favor new browser microsoft edge.since internet explorer windows component included longterm lifecycle versions windows windows server continue receive security updates least .microsoft ended support internet explorer august microsoft teams ended support ie november . |
Internet Explorer | internet explorer set discontinuation june alternative microsoft edge ie mode legacy sites.internet explorer widely used web browser attaining peak usage share .came microsoft used bundling win first browser war netscape dominant browser s. usage share since declined launch firefox google chrome growing popularity mobile operating systems android ios support internet explorer.estimates internet explorers market share .across platforms statcounters numbers ranked th.traditional pcs platform ever significant share ranked th .opera. |
Internet Explorer | microsoft edge ies successor first overtook internet explorer terms market share november .microsoft spent us million per year internet explorer late people involved project .versions internet explorer operating systems also produced including xbox version called internet explorer xbox platforms microsoft longer supports internet explorer mac internet explorer unix solaris hpux embedded oem version called pocket internet explorer later rebranded internet explorer mobile made windows ce windows phone previously based internet explorer windows phone .on march microsoft announced microsoft edge would replace internet explorer default browser certain versions windows .makes internet explorer last release.internet explorer however remains windows ltsc windows server primarily enterprise purposes.since january internet explorer official support consumers extended support internet explorer ended january .support varies based operating systems technical capabilities support life cycle. |
Internet Explorer | may announced full support internet explorer would discontinued june alternative microsoft edge ie mode legacy sites.microsoft committed support internet explorer way least oneyear notice discontinued.ie mode uses trident mshtml engine i.e.rendering code internet explorer.the browser scrutinized throughout development use thirdparty technology source code spyglass mosaic used without royalty early versions security privacy vulnerabilities united states european union alleged integration internet explorer windows detriment fair browser competition.history internet explorer internet explorer project started summer thomas reardon according massachusetts institute technology review used source code spyglass inc. mosaic early commercial web browser formal ties pioneering national center supercomputing applications ncsa mosaic browser. |
Internet Explorer | late microsoft licensed spyglass mosaic quarterly fee plus percentage microsofts nonwindows revenues software.although bearing name like ncsa mosaic spyglass mosaic used ncsa mosaic source code sparingly.the first version dubbed microsoft internet explorer installed part internet jumpstart kit microsoft plus pack windows .internet explorer team began six people early development.internet explorer .released several months later windows nt added support basic table rendering. |
Internet Explorer | including free charge operating system pay royalties spyglass inc resulting lawsuit us million settlement january .microsoft sued synet inc. trademark infringement claiming owned rights name internet explorer.ended microsoft paying million settle lawsuit.internet explorer internet explorer second major version internet explorer released november windows windows nt april apple macintosh windows .. internet explorer internet explorer third major version internet explorer released august microsoft windows january apple mac os.internet explorer internet explorer fourth major version internet explorer released september microsoft windows mac os solaris hpux.internet explorer internet explorer fifth major version internet explorer released march windows . |
Internet Explorer | windows nt windows windows nt .sp windows mac os x v.. classic mac os v.. solaris hpux .sp.internet explorer internet explorer sixth major version internet explorer released august windows nt .spa windows windows windows default web browser windows xp windows server . |
Internet Explorer | internet explorer internet explorer seventh major version internet explorer released october windows xp sp windows server sp default web browser windows vista windows server windows embedded posready .internet explorer internet explorer eight major version internet explorer released march windows xp windows server windows vista windows server default web browser windows later default internet explorer windows server r. internet explorer internet explorer ninth major version internet explorer released march windows windows server r windows vista service pack windows server sp platform update.internet explorer internet explorer tenth major version internet explorer released october windows windows server r default web browser windows windows server .internet explorer internet explorer featured windows .released october . |
Internet Explorer | includes incomplete mechanism syncing tabs.major update developer tools enhanced scaling high dpi screens html prerender prefetch hardwareaccelerated jpeg decoding closed captioning html full screen first internet explorer support webgl googles protocol spdy starting v. version ie features dedicated windows .including cryptography webcrypto adaptive bitrate streaming media source extensions encrypted media extensions.internet explorer made available windows users download november automatic updates following weeks.internet explorer user agent string identifies agent trident underlying browser engine instead msie.also announces compatibility gecko browser engine firefox.microsoft claimed internet explorer running webkit sunspider javascript benchmark fastest browser october .internet explorer made available windows server windows embedded standard spring .end life microsoft edge officially unveiled january replaced internet explorer default browser windows . |
Internet Explorer | internet explorer still installed windows maintain compatibility older websites intranet sites require activex microsoft legacy web technologies.according microsoft development new features internet explorer ceased.however continue maintained part support policy versions windows included.on june internet archive removed latest version internet explorer list supported browsers citing dated infrastructure makes hard work following suggestion microsoft chief security chris jackson users use default browser use websites require it.since november web version microsoft teams longer accessed using internet explorer followed remaining microsoft applications since august .browser continue supported lifecycle windows version installed june .microsoft recommends internet explorer users migrate edge use builtin internet explorer mode enables support legacy internet applications.features internet explorer designed view broad range web pages provide certain features within operating system including microsoft update.height browser wars internet explorer superseded netscape caught technologically support progressive features time. |
Internet Explorer | standards support internet explorer using mshtml trident browser enginesupports html .parts html css level level level xml .dom level minor implementation gaps.fully supports xslt .well obsolete microsoft dialect xslt often referred wdxsl loosely based december wc working draft xsl.support xslt . |
Internet Explorer | lies future semiofficial microsoft bloggers indicated development underway dates announced.almost full conformance css .added internet explorer release.mshtml browser engine internet explorer scored highest official wc conformance test suite css .major browsers.supports xhtml internet explorer mshtml trident version .. prior versions render xhtml documents authored html compatibility principles served texthtml mimetype.supports subset svg internet explorer mshtml trident version .excluding smil svg fonts filters.internet explorer uses doctype sniffing choose standards mode quirks mode deliberately mimics nonstandard behaviors old versions msie html css rendering screen internet explorer always uses standards mode printing. |
Internet Explorer | also provides dialect ecmascript called jscript.internet explorer criticized tim bernerslee limited support svg promoted wc.nonstandard extensions internet explorer introduced array proprietary extensions many standards including html css dom.resulted several web pages appear broken standardscompliant web browsers introduced need quirks mode allow rendering improper elements meant internet explorer browsers.internet explorer introduced several extensions dom adopted browsers.include inner html property provides access html string within element part ie standardized part html roughly years later browsers implemented compatibility xmlhttprequest object allows sending http request receiving http response may used perform ajax designmode attribute content document object enables rich text editing html documents.functionalities possible introduction wc dom methods. |
Internet Explorer | ruby character extension html also accepted module wc xhtml .though found versions wc html.microsoft submitted several features ie consideration wc standardization.include behavior css property connects html elements jscript behaviors known html components htc htmltime profile adds timing media synchronization support html documents similar wc xhtmlsmil vml vector graphics file format.however rejected least original forms vml subsequently combined pgml proposed adobe sun resulting wcapproved svg format one vector image formats used web ie support version .other nonstandard behaviors include support vertical text syntax different wc css candidate recommendation support variety image effects page transitions found wc css support obfuscated script code particular jscript.encode well support embedding eot fonts web pages.favicon support favicons first added internet explorer . |
Internet Explorer | internet explorer supports favicons png static gif native windows icon formats.windows vista later internet explorer display native windows icons embedded png files.usability accessibility internet explorer makes use accessibility framework provided windows.internet explorer also user interface ftp operations similar windows explorer.internet explorer side bar web searches enabling jumps pages results listed side bar. |
Internet Explorer | popup blocking tabbed browsing added respectively internet explorer internet explorer .tabbed browsing also added older versions installing msn search toolbar yahoo toolbar.cache internet explorer caches visited content temporary internet files folder allow quicker access offline access previously visited pages.content indexed database file known index.dat.multiple index.dat files exist index different content—visited content web feeds visited urls cookies etc.prior ie clearing cache used clear index files reliably removed posing potential security privacy risk. |
Internet Explorer | ie later cache cleared cache files reliably removed index.dat file overwritten null bytes.caching improved ie.group policy internet explorer fully configurable using group policy.administrators windows server domains domainjoined computers local computer apply enforce variety settings computers affect user interface disabling menu items individual configuration options well underlying security features downloading files zone configuration persite settings activex control behavior others.policy settings configured user machine.internet explorer also supports integrated windows authentication. |
Internet Explorer | architecture internet explorer uses componentized architecture built component object model com technology.consists several major components contained separate dynamiclink library dll exposes set com programming interfaces hosted internet explorer main executable iexplore.exewininet.dll protocol handler http https ftp.handles network communication protocols.urlmon.dll responsible mimetype handling download web content provides threadsafe wrapper around wininet.dll protocol implementations.mshtml.dll houses mshtml trident browser engine introduced internet explorer responsible displaying pages onscreen handling document object model dom web pages.mshtml.dll parses htmlcss file creates internal dom tree representation it.also exposes set apis runtime inspection modification dom tree. |
Internet Explorer | dom tree processed browser engine renders internal representation screen.ieframe.dll contains user interface window ie internet explorer above.shdocvw.dll provides navigation local caching history functionalities browser.browseui.dll responsible rendering browser user interface menus toolbars.internet explorer include native scripting functionality.rather mshtml.dll exposes api permits programmer develop scripting environment pluggedin access dom tree.internet explorer includes bindings active scripting engine part microsoft windows allows language implemented active scripting module used clientside scripting.default jscript vbscript modules provided third party implementations like screamingmonkey ecmascript support also used.microsoft also makes available microsoft silverlight runtime allows cli languages including dlrbased dynamic languages like ironpython ironruby used clientside scripting.internet explorer introduced major architectural changes called loosely coupled ie lcie. |
Internet Explorer | lcie separates main window process frame process processes hosting different web applications different tabs tab processes.frame process create multiple tab processes different integrity level tab process host multiple web sites.processes use asynchronous interprocess communication synchronize themselves.generally single frame process web sites.windows vista protected mode turned however opening privileged content local html pages create new tab process constrained protected mode. |
Internet Explorer | extensibility internet explorer exposes set component object model com interfaces allows addons extend functionality browser.extensibility divided two types browser extensibility content extensibility.browser extensibility involves adding context menu entries toolbars menu items browser helper objects bho.bhos used extend feature set browser whereas extensibility options used expose feature user interface.content extensibility adds support nonnative content formats. |
Internet Explorer | allows internet explorer handle new file formats new protocols e.g.webm spdy.addition web pages integrate widgets known activex controls run windows vast potentials extend content capabilities adobe flash player microsoft silverlight examples.addons installed either locally directly web site.since malicious addons compromise security system internet explorer implements several safeguards.internet explorer service pack later feature addon manager enabling disabling individual addons complemented addons mode. |
Internet Explorer | starting windows vista internet explorer bhos run restricted privileges isolated rest system.internet explorer introduced new component – addon performance advisor.addon performance advisor shows notification one installed addons exceed preset performance threshold.notification appears notification bar user launches browser.windows windows rt introduce metrostyle version internet explorer entirely sandboxed run addons all. |
Internet Explorer | addition windows rt cannot download install activex controls although existing ones bundled windows rt still run traditional version internet explorer.internet explorer hosted applications via set com interfaces.used embed browser functionality inside computer program create internet explorer shells.security internet explorer uses zonebased security framework groups sites based certain conditions including whether internet intranetbased site well usereditable whitelist.security restrictions applied per zone sites zone subject restrictions.internet explorer sp onwards uses attachment execution service microsoft windows mark executable files downloaded internet potentially unsafe.accessing files marked prompt user make explicit trust decision execute file executables originating internet potentially unsafe. |
Internet Explorer | helps preventing accidental installation malware.internet explorer introduced phishing filter restricts access phishing sites unless user overrides decision.version also blocks access sites known host malware.downloads also checked see known malwareinfected.in windows vista internet explorer default runs called protected mode privileges browser severely restricted—it cannot make systemwide changes.one optionally turn mode recommended.also effectively restricts privileges addons. |
Internet Explorer | result even browser addon compromised damage security breach cause limited.patches updates browser released periodically made available windows update service well automatic updates.although security patches continue released range platforms feature additions security infrastructure improvements made available operating systems microsofts mainstream support phase.on december trend micro recommended users switch rival browsers emergency patch released fix potential security risk could allow outside users take control persons computer steal passwords.” microsoft representatives countered recommendation claiming .internet sites affected flaw.fix issue released following day security update internet explorer kb microsoft windows update.in germanys federal office information security known german initials bsi advised temporary use alternative browsers critical security hole microsofts software could allow hackers remotely plant run malicious code windows pcs.in report accuvant funded google rated security based sandboxing internet explorer worse google chrome better mozilla firefox.a browser security white paper comparing google chrome microsoft edge internet explorer x dsec came similar conclusions also based sandboxing support legacy web technologies.security vulnerabilities internet explorer subjected many security vulnerabilities concerns volume criticism ie unusually high. |
Internet Explorer | much spyware adware computer viruses across internet made possible exploitable bugs flaws security architecture internet explorer sometimes requiring nothing viewing malicious web page install themselves.known driveby install.” also attempts trick user installing malicious software misrepresenting softwares true purpose description section activex security alert.a number security flaws affecting ie originated browser activexbased addons used it.addons privilege ie flaws critical browser flaws.led activexbased architecture criticized faultprone.experts maintained dangers activex overstated safeguards place. |
Internet Explorer | new techniques using automated testing found hundred vulnerabilities standard microsoft activex components.security features introduced internet explorer mitigated vulnerabilities.in internet explorer number published security vulnerabilities.according research done security research firm secunia microsoft respond quickly competitors fixing security holes making patches available.firm also reported vulnerabilities activex controls increase previous year.according october report register researcher chris evans detected known security vulnerability dating back fixed least six hundred days.microsoft says known vulnerability exceptionally low severity victim web site must configured peculiar way attack feasible all.in december researchers able bypass protected mode feature internet explorer. |
Internet Explorer | vulnerability exploited attacks u.s. firms advisory january microsoft said attackers targeting google u.s. companies used software exploits security hole already patched internet explorer.vulnerability affected internet explorer windows xp server ie sp windows sp ie windows vista xp server server ie windows vista xp server server r.the german government warned users using internet explorer recommended switching alternative web browser due major security hole described exploited internet explorer.australian french government issued similar warning days later.major vulnerability across versions april microsoft issued security advisory relating cve useafterfree vulnerability microsoft internet explorer vulnerability could allow remote code execution internet explorer versions .april united states department homeland securitys united states computer emergency readiness team uscert released advisory stating vulnerability could result complete compromise affected system. |
Internet Explorer | uscert recommended reviewing microsofts suggestions mitigate attack using alternate browser bug fixed.uk national computer emergency response team certuk published advisory announcing similar concerns users take additional step ensuring antivirus software date.symantec cyber security firm confirmed vulnerability crashes internet explorer windows xp.vulnerability resolved may security update.market adoption usage share adoption rate internet explorer seems closely related microsoft windows default web browser comes windows. |
Internet Explorer | since integration internet explorer .windows osr especially version .s release adoption greatly accelerated .made microsoft winner infamous first browser war netscape.netscape navigator dominant browser rapidly lost share ie starting eventually slipped behind .integration ie windows led lawsuit aol netscapes owner accusing microsoft unfair competition. |
Internet Explorer | infamous case eventually aol late internet explorer already become dominant browser.internet explorer peaked share.first notable competitor beating netscape firefox mozilla offshoot netscape.firefox .surpassed internet explorer early firefox .percent market share.approximate usage time based various usage share counters averaged year overall fourth quarter last month year depending availability reference.according statcounter internet explorers market share fell september .may google chrome overtook internet explorer used browser worldwide according statcounter. |
Internet Explorer | september usage share low globally bit higher africa .. industry adoption browser helper objects also used many search engines companies third parties creating addons access services search engine toolbars.use com possible embed webbrowsing functionality thirdparty applications.hence several internet explorer shells several contentcentric applications like realplayer also use internet explorers web browsing module viewing web pages within applications.removal major upgrade internet explorer uninstalled traditional way user saved original application files installation matter uninstalling version browser shipped operating system remains controversial one.the idea removing stock install internet explorer windows system proposed united states v. microsoft corp. case.one microsofts arguments trial removing internet explorer windows may result system instability. |
Internet Explorer | indeed programs depend libraries installed ie including windows help support system fail function without ie.windows vista possible run windows update without ie service used activex technology web browser supports.impersonation malware popularity internet explorer led appearance malware abusing name.january fake internet explorer browser calling internet explorer – emergency mode appeared.closely resembles real internet explorer fewer buttons search bar. |
Web analytics | user attempts launch browser google chrome mozilla firefox opera safari real internet explorer browser loaded instead.also displays fake error message claiming computer infected malware internet explorer entered emergency mode.” blocks access legitimate sites google user tries access them.see also bing barhistory web browserlist web browsersmonth bugsweb .windows filtering platformwinsock notes references reading external links official website internet explorer architectureweb analytics process measuring web traffic used tool business market research assess improve website effectiveness.web analytics applications also help companies measure results traditional print broadcast advertising campaigns.used estimate traffic website changes launching new advertising campaign.web analytics provides information number visitors website number page views.helps gauge traffic popularity trends useful market research. |
Web analytics | basic steps web analytics process web analytics processes come four essential stages steps arecollection data stage collection basic elementary data.usually data counts things.objective stage gather data.processing data information stage usually takes counts makes ratios although still may counts.objective stage take data conform information specifically metrics.developing kpi stage focuses using ratios counts infusing business strategies referred key performance indicators kpi.many times kpis deal conversion aspects always. |
Web analytics | depends organization.formulating online strategy stage concerned online goals objectives standards organization business.strategies usually related making money saving money increasing market share.another essential function developed analysts optimization websites experimentsexperiments testing ab testing controlled experiment two variants online settings web development.the goal ab testing identify suggest changes web pages increase maximize effect statistically tested result interest.each stage impacts impact i.e.drives stage preceding following it.sometimes data available collection impacts online strategy.times online strategy affects data collected. |
Web analytics | web analytics technologies least two categories web analytics offsite onsite web analytics.offsite web analytics refers web measurement analysis regardless whether person owns maintains website.includes measurement websites potential audience opportunity share voice visibility buzz comments happening internet whole.onsite web analytics common two measure visitors behavior specific website.includes drivers conversions example degree different landing pages associated online purchases.onsite web analytics measures performance specific website commercial context.data typically compared key performance indicators performance used improve website marketing campaigns audience response. |
Web analytics | google analytics adobe analytics widely used onsite web analytics service although new tools emerging provide additional layers information including heat maps session replay.historically web analytics used refer onsite visitor measurement.however meaning become blurred mainly vendors producing tools span categories.many different vendors provide onsite web analytics software services.two main technical ways collecting data.first traditional method server log file analysis reads logfiles web server records file requests browsers. |
Web analytics | second method page tagging uses javascript embedded webpage make image requests thirdparty analyticsdedicated server whenever webpage rendered web browser desired mouse click occurs.collect data processed produce web traffic reports.web analytics data sources fundamental goal web analytics collect analyze data related web traffic usage patterns.data mainly comes four sourcesdirect http request data directly comes http request messages http request headers.networklevel servergenerated data associated http requests part http request required successful request transmissions example ip address requester.applicationlevel data sent http requests generated processed applicationlevel programs javascript php asp.net including session referrals.usually captured internal logs rather public web analytics services.external data combined onsite data help augment website behavior data described interpret web usage. |
Web analytics | example ip addresses usually associated geographic regions internet service providers email open clickthrough rates direct mail campaign data sales lead history data types needed.web server log file analysis web servers record transactions log file.soon realized log files could read program provide data popularity website.thus arose web log analysis software.in early website statistics consisted primarily counting number client requests hits made web server.reasonable method initially since website often consisted single html file. |
Web analytics | however introduction images html websites spanned multiple html files count became less useful.first true commercial log analyzer released ipro .two units measure introduced mids gauge accurately amount human activity web servers.page views visits sessions.page view defined request made web server page opposed graphic visit defined sequence requests uniquely identified client expired certain amount inactivity usually minutes.the emergence search engine spiders robots late along web proxies dynamically assigned ip addresses large companies isps made difficult identify unique human visitors website.log analyzers responded tracking visits cookies ignoring requests known spiders.the extensive use web caches also presented problem log file analysis. |
Web analytics | person revisits page second request often retrieved browsers cache request received web server.means persons path site lost.caching defeated configuring web server result degraded performance visitor bigger load servers.page tagging concerns accuracy log file analysis presence caching desire able perform web analytics outsourced service led second data collection method page tagging web beacons.mids web counters commonly seen — images included web page showed number times image requested estimate number visits page. |
Web analytics | late concept evolved include small invisible image instead visible one using javascript pass along image request certain information page visitor.information processed remotely web analytics company extensive statistics generated.the web analytics service also manages process assigning cookie user uniquely identify visit subsequent visits.cookie acceptance rates vary significantly websites may affect quality data collected reported.collecting website data using thirdparty data collection server even inhouse data collection server requires additional dns lookup users computer determine ip address collection server.occasion delays completing successful failed dns lookups may result data collected.with increasing popularity ajaxbased solutions alternative use invisible image implement call back server rendered page.case page rendered web browser piece ajax code would call back server pass information client aggregated web analytics company. |
Web analytics | ways flawed browser restrictions servers contacted xmlhttprequest objects.also method lead slightly lower reported traffic levels since visitor may stop page loading midresponse ajax call made.logfile analysis vs page tagging logfile analysis programs page tagging solutions readily available companies wish perform web analytics.cases web analytics company offer approaches.question arises method company choose. |
Web analytics | advantages disadvantages approach.advantages logfile analysis main advantages log file analysis page tagging followsthe web server normally already produces log files raw data already available.changes website required.the data companys servers standard rather proprietary format.makes easy company switch programs later use several different programs analyze historical data new program.logfiles contain information visits search engine spiders generally excluded analytics tools using javascript tagging.search engines might even execute javascript page. |
Web analytics | although reported part human activity useful information search engine optimization.logfiles require additional dns lookups tcp slow starts.thus external server calls slow page load speeds result uncounted page views.the web server reliably records every transaction makes e.g.serving pdf documents content generated scripts rely visitors browsers cooperating.advantages page tagging main advantages page tagging log file analysis followscounting activated opening page given web client runs tag scripts requesting server.page cached counted serverbased log analysis. |
Web analytics | cached pages account onethird page views negatively impact many site metrics.data gathered via component tag page usually written javascript though java flash also used.ajax also used conjunction serverside scripting language php manipulate usually store database basically enabling complete control data represented.the script may access additional information web client user sent query visitors screen sizes price goods purchased.page tagging report events involve request web server interactions within flash movies partial form completion mouse events onclick onmouseover onfocus onblur etc.the page tagging service manages process assigning cookies visitors log file analysis server configured this.page tagging available companies access web servers.lately page tagging become standard web analytics.economic factors logfile analysis almost always performed inhouse.page tagging performed inhouse often provided thirdparty service.economic difference two models also consideration company deciding purchase.logfile analysis typically involves oneoff software purchase however vendors introducing maximum annual page views additional costs process additional information. |
Web analytics | addition commercial offerings several opensource logfile analysis tools available free charge.for logfile analysis data must stored archived often grows large quickly.although cost hardware minimal overhead department considerable.for logfile analysis software need maintained including updates security patches.complex page tagging vendors charge monthly fee based volume i.e.number page views per month collected.which solution cheaper implement depends amount technical expertise within company vendor chosen amount activity seen websites depth type information sought number distinct websites needing statistics.regardless vendor solution data collection method employed cost web visitor analysis interpretation also included.cost turning raw data actionable information.use third party consultants hiring experienced web analyst training suitable inhouse person. |
Web analytics | costbenefit analysis performed.example revenue increase cost savings gained analyzing web visitor data hybrid methods companies produce solutions collect data logfiles page tagging analyze kinds.using hybrid method aim produce accurate statistics either method own.early hybrid solution produced rufus evison.geolocation visitors ip geolocation possible track visitors locations. |
Web analytics | using ip geolocation database api visitors geolocated city region country level.ip intelligence internet protocol ip intelligence technology maps internet categorizes ip addresses parameters geographic location country region state city postcode connection type internet service provider isp proxy information more.first generation ip intelligence referred geotargeting geolocation technology.information used businesses online audience segmentation applications online advertising behavioral targeting content localization website localization digital rights management personalization online fraud detection localized search enhanced analytics global traffic management content distribution.click analytics click analytics also know clickstream special type web analytics gives special attention clicks.common tools using click analytics data similarweb alexa internet owned amazon company soon deprecated.commonly click analytics focuses onsite analytics. |
Web analytics | editor website uses click analytics determine performance particular site regards users site clicking.also click analytics may happen realtime unrealtime depending type information sought.typically frontpage editors hightraffic news media sites want monitor pages realtime optimize content.editors designers types stakeholders may analyze clicks wider time frame help assess performance writers design elements advertisements etc.data clicks may gathered least two ways.ideally click logged occurs method requires functionality picks relevant information event occurs.alternatively one may institute assumption page view result click therefore log simulated click led page view. |
Web analytics | customer lifecycle analytics customer lifecycle analytics visitorcentric approach measuring falls umbrella lifecycle marketing.page views clicks events api calls access thirdparty services etc.tied individual visitor instead stored separate data points.customer lifecycle analytics attempts connect data points marketing funnel offer insights visitor behavior website optimization.methods methods data collection sometimes used. |
Web analytics | packet sniffing collects data sniffing network traffic passing web server outside world.packet sniffing involves changes web pages web servers.integrating web analytics web server software also possible.methods claim provide better realtime data methods.onsite web analytics definitions globally agreed definitions within web analytics industry bodies trying agree definitions useful definitive time. |
Web analytics | main bodies input area iab interactive advertising bureau jicwebs joint industry committee web standards uk ireland daa digital analytics association formally known waa web analytics association us.however many terms used consistent ways one major analytics tool another following list based conventions useful starting pointbounce rate percentage visits singlepage visits without interactions clicks page.words single click particular session called bounce.click path chronological sequence page views within visit session.hit request file webserver.available log analysis.number hits received website frequently cited assert popularity number extremely misleading dramatically overestimates popularity. |
Web analytics | single webpage typically consists multiple often dozens discrete files counted hit page downloaded number hits really arbitrary number reflective complexity individual pages website websites actual popularity.total number visits page views provides realistic accurate assessment popularity.page view request file sometimes event mouse click defined page setup web analytics tool.occurrence script run page tagging.log analysis single page view may generate multiple hits resources required view page images .js .css files also requested webserver.visitorunique visitorunique user uniquely identified client generating page views hits within defined time period e.g.day week month. |
Web analytics | uniquely identified client usually combination machine ones desktop computer work example browser firefox machine.identification usually via persistent cookie placed computer site page code.older method used log file analysis unique combination computers ip address useragent browser information provided web server browser.important understand visitor human sitting computer time visit since individual human use different computers computer use different browsers seen different visitor circumstance.increasingly still somewhat rarely visitors uniquely identified flash lsos local shared object less susceptible privacy enforcement.visitsession visit session defined series page requests case tags image requests uniquely identified client. |
Web analytics | unique client commonly identified ip address unique id placed browser cookie.visit considered ended requests recorded number elapsed minutes.minute limit time used many analytics tools tools google analytics changed another number minutes.analytics data collectors analysis tools reliable way knowing visitor looked sites page views visit considered one visit long events page views clicks whatever recorded minutes less closer together.note visit consist onepage view thousands. |
Web analytics | unique visits session also extended time page loads indicates visitor viewing pages continuously.active timeengagement time average amount time visitors spend actually interacting content web page based mouse moves clicks hovers scrolls.unlike session duration page view durationtime page metric accurately measure length engagement final page view available many analytics tools data collection methods.average page depthpage views per average session page depth approximate size average visit calculated dividing total number page views total number visits.average page view duration average amount time visitors spend average page site.click refers single instance user following hyperlink one page site another.event discrete action class actions occur website.page view type event.events also encapsulate clicks form submissions keypress events clientside user actions.exit rate exit statistic applied individual page web site.percentage visits seeing page page final page viewed visit.first visitfirst session also called absolute unique visitor tools visit uniquely identified client theoretically made previous visits. |
Web analytics | since way knowing whether uniquely identified client site presence persistent cookie via digital fingerprinting received previous visit first visit label reliable sites cookies deleted since previous visit.frequencysession per unique frequency measures often visitors come website given time period.calculated dividing total number sessions visits total number unique visitors specified time period month year.sometimes used interchangeable term loyalty.impression common definition impression instance advertisement appearing viewed page.note advertisement displayed viewed page area actually displayed screen measures impressions necessarily mean advertisement viewable.new visitor visitor made previous visits.definition creates certain amount confusion see common confusions sometimes substituted analysis first visits.page time viewedpage visibility timepage view duration time single page blog ad banner screen measured calculated difference time request page time next recorded request. |
Web analytics | next recorded request viewing time instance page included reports.repeat visitor visitor made least one previous visit.period last current visit called visitor recency measured days.return visitor unique visitor activity consisting visit site reporting period unique visitor visited site prior reporting period.individual counted reporting period.session durationvisit duration average amount time visitors spend site time visit.calculated sum total duration sessions divided total number sessions.metric complicated fact analytics programs measure length final page view.single page visitsingleton visit single page viewed bounce.site overlay report technique statistics clicks hot spots superimposed physical location visual snapshot web page.clickthrough rate ratio users click specific link number total users view page email advertisement. |
Web analytics | commonly used measure success online advertising campaign particular website well effectiveness email campaigns.offsite web analytics offsite web analytics based open data analysis social media exploration share voice web properties.it usually used understand market site identifying keywords tagged site either social media websites.by using http referer webpage owners able trace referrer sites helps bring traffic site.common sources confusion web analytics hotel problem hotel problem generally first problem encountered user web analytics.problem unique visitors day month add total unique visitors month.appears inexperienced user problem whatever analytics software using. |
Web analytics | fact simple property metric definitions.the way picture situation imagining hotel.hotel two rooms room room b.as table shows hotel two unique users day three days.sum totals respect days therefore six.during period room two unique users.sum totals respect rooms therefore four.actually three visitors hotel period.problem person stays room two nights get counted twice counted day counted total period looked at. |
Web analytics | software web analytics sum correctly chosen time period thus leading problem user tries compare totals.web analytics methods problems cookies historically vendors pagetagging analytics solutions used thirdparty cookies sent vendors domain instead domain website browsed.thirdparty cookies handle visitors cross multiple unrelated domains within companys site since cookie always handled vendors servers.however thirdparty cookies principle allow tracking individual user across sites different companies allowing analytics vendor collate users activity sites provided personal information activity sites thought anonymous.although web analytics companies deny companies companies supplying banner ads done so.privacy concerns cookies therefore led noticeable minority users block delete thirdparty cookies. |
Web analytics | reports showed internet users blocked thirdparty cookies deleted least month.vendors page tagging solutions moved provide least option using firstparty cookies cookies assigned client subdomain.another problem cookie deletion.web analytics depend cookies identify unique visitors statistics dependent persistent cookie hold unique visitor id.users delete cookies usually delete first thirdparty cookies.done interactions site user appear firsttime visitor next interaction point. |
Web analytics | without persistent unique visitor id conversions clickstream analysis metrics dependent activities unique visitor time cannot accurate.cookies used ip addresses always unique users may shared large groups proxies.cases ip address combined user agent order accurately identify visitor cookies available.however partially solves problem often users behind proxy server user agent.methods uniquely identifying user technically challenging would limit trackable audience would considered suspicious.cookies reach lowest common denominator without using technologies regarded spyware. |
Web analytics | secure analytics metering methods may good aware thirdparty information gathering subject network limitations security applied.countries service providers private networks prevent site visit data going third parties.all methods described methods mentioned like sampling central problem vulnerable manipulation inflation deflation.means methods imprecise insecure reasonable model security.issue addressed number papers todate solutions suggested papers remain theoretical possibly due lack interest engineering community financial gain current situation provides owners big websites.details consult aforementioned papers. |
Web analytics | see also references bibliography clifton brian advanced web metrics google analytics nd edition sybex paperback.kaushik avinash web analytics .art online accountability science customer centricity.sybex wiley.mortensen dennis r. yahoo web analytics.sybex.farris p. bendle n.t.pfeifer p.e. |
Web analytics | reibstein d.j.key marketing metrics metrics every manager needs know prentice hall london.plaza b monitoring web traffic source effectiveness google analytics experiment time series.aslib proceedings –.arikan akin multichannel marketing.metrics methods offline success.sybex.tullis tom albert bill measuring user experience. |
Web analytics | collecting analyzing presenting usability metrics.morgan kaufmann elsevier burlington ma.kaushik avinash web analytics hour day sybex wiley.bradley n marketing research.tools techniques.oxford university press oxford.sostre pedro leclaire jennifer web analytics dummies.wiley.burby jason atchison shane actionable web analytics using data make smart business decisions.davis j. |
Web analytics | ‘marketing metrics create accountable marketing plans really work’ john wiley sons asia.peterson eric web site measurement hacks.oreilly ebook.peterson eric web analytics demystified marketer’s guide understanding web site affects business.celilo group medialenskold j.‘marketing roi plan measure optimise strategies profit’ london mcgraw hill contemporarysterne j. web metrics proven methods measuring web site success london john wiley sons.srinivasan j .e commerce metrics models examples london prentice hall.zheng j. g. peltsverger s. web analytics overview book encyclopedia information science technology third edition publisher igi global editors mehdi khosrowpour |
Progressive web application | intended work platform uses standardscompliant browser including desktop mobile devices.since progressive web app type webpage website known web application require separate bundling distribution.developers publish web application online ensure meets baseline installability requirements users able add application home screen.publishing app digital distribution systems like apple app store google play optional.as pwa features supported varying degrees google chrome apple safari firefox android microsoft edge firefox desktop.browser support history predecessors launch iphone steve jobs announced web apps developed html using ajax architecture would standard format iphone apps. |
Progressive web application | software development kit sdk required apps would fully integrated device safari browser engine.model later switched app store means preventing jailbreakers appeasing frustrated developers.october jobs announced sdk would launched following year.result although apple continued support webapps vast majority ios applications shifted towards app store.beginning early dynamic web pages allowed web technologies used create interactive web applications.responsive web design screensize flexibility provides made pwa development accessible. |
Progressive web application | continued enhancements html css javascript allowed web applications incorporate greater levels interactivity making nativelike experiences possible website.in mozilla released firefox os.intended opensource operating system running webapps native apps mobile devices.firefox os based gecko rendering engine user interface called gaia written html.development firefox os ended project completely discontinued although fork firefox os used basis kaios feature phone platform.initial introduction designer frances berriman google chrome engineer alex russell coined term progressive web apps describe apps taking advantage new features supported modern browsers including service workers web app manifests let users upgrade web apps progressive web applications native operating system os. |
Progressive web application | google put significant efforts promoting pwa development android.firefox introduced support service workers microsoft edge apple safari followed making service workers available major systems.by pwas supported desktop versions browsers including microsoft edge windows google chrome windows macos chrome os linux.in december firefox desktop abandoned implementation pwas specifically removed prototype sitespecific browser configuration available experimental feature.firefox architect noted signal hope sending pwa support coming desktop firefox anytime soon.mozilla still plans support pwas android.app stores since progressive web app type webpage website known web application require separate bundling distribution. |
Progressive web application | particular requirement developers users install web apps via digital distribution systems like apple app store google play microsoft store samsung galaxy store.varying degrees major app stores support publication pwas.google play microsoft store samsung galaxy store support pwas apple app store not.microsoft store publishes qualifying pwas automatically even without app authors request discovering via bing indexing.characteristics progressive web apps designed work browser compliant appropriate web standards. |
Progressive web application | crossplatform solutions goal help developers build crossplatform apps easily would native apps.progressive web apps employ progressive enhancement web development strategy.some progressive web apps use architectural approach called app shell model.model service workers store basic user interface shell responsive web design web application browsers offline cache.model allows pwas maintain nativelike use without web connectivity.improve loading time providing initial static frame layout architecture content loaded progressively well dynamically. |
Progressive web application | installability criteria technical baseline criteria site considered progressive web app therefore installable browsers described russell followup post updated sinceoriginate secure origin.served tls green padlock displays active mixed content.progressive web apps must served via https ensure user privacy security content authenticity.register service worker fetch handler.progressive web apps must use service workers create programmable content caches.unlike regular http web cache caches content first use relies various heuristics guess content longer needed programmable caches explicitly prefetch content advance used first time explicitly discard longer needed. |
Progressive web application | requirement helps pages accessible offline low quality networks.reference web app manifest.manifest must contain least five key properties name shortname starturl display value standalone fullscreen minimalui icons px px versions.information contained manifest makes pwas easily shareable via url discoverable search engines alleviates complex installation procedures pwas still listed thirdparty app store.furthermore pwas support native appstyle interactions navigation including added home screen displaying splashscreens etc.comparison native apps twitter released twitter lite pwa alternative official native android ios apps. |
Progressive web application | according twitter twitter lite consumed size native apps.july twitter started serving website users twitter lite default.june twitter deactivated legacy website layout leaving progressive web app version option.starbucks provides pwa .smaller equivalent ios app.deploying pwa starbucks doubled number online orders desktop users ordering rate mobile app users.several businesses highlight significant improvements wide variety key performance indicators pwa implementation like increased time spent page conversions revenue. |
Progressive web application | technologies many technologies commonly used create progressive web apps.web application considered pwa satisfies installability criteria thus work offline added device home screen.meet definition pwas require minimum service worker manifest.manifest web app manifest wc specification defining jsonbased manifest usually labelled manifest.json provide developers centralized place put metadata associated web application includingthe name web applicationlinks web app icons image objectsthe preferred url launch open web appthe web app configuration datadefault orientation web appthe option set display mode e.g.full screenthis metadata crucial app added home screen otherwise listed alongside native apps. |
Progressive web application | ios support ios safari partially implements manifests pwa metadata defined via applespecific extensions meta tags.tags allow developers enable fullscreen display define icons splash screens specify name application.webassembly webassembly allows precompiled code run web browser nearnative speed.thus libraries written languages c added web apps.due cost passing data javascript webassembly nearterm uses mainly numbercrunching voice recognition computer vision rather whole applications. |
Progressive web application | data storage progressive web app execution contexts get unloaded whenever possible progressive web apps need store majority longterm internal state user data dynamically loaded application resources one following manners web storage web storage wc standard api enables keyvalue storage modern browsers.api consists two objects sessionstorage enables sessiononly storage gets wiped upon browser session end localstorage enables storage persists across sessions.service workers service worker web worker implements programmable network proxy respond webhttp requests main document.able check availability remote server cache content server available serve content later document.service workers like web workers work separately main document context. |
Progressive web application | service workers handle push notifications synchronize data background cache retrieve resource requests intercept network requests receive centralized updates independently document registered even document loaded.service workers go threestep lifecycle registration installation activation.registration involves telling browser location service worker preparation installation.installation occurs service worker installed browser webapp update service worker.activation occurs pwas pages closed conflict previous version updated one.lifecycle also helps maintain consistency switching among versions service worker since single service worker active domain. |
Session poisoning | indexed database api indexed database api wc standard database api available major browsers.api supported modern browsers enables storage json objects structures representable string.indexed database api used wrapper library providing additional constructs around it.references external links lighthouse opensource audit tool pwas developed googleweb applications working group index standardstypically server application vulnerable type exploit copy user input session variables.the underlying vulnerability state management problem shared state race condition ambiguity use plain unprotected modifications state values.session poisoning demonstrated server environments different nonmalicious applications scripts share session states usage differ causing ambiguity race conditions.session poisoning demonstrated scenarios attacker able introduce malicious scripts server environment possible attacker victim share web host.origins session poisoning first discussed potentially new vulnerability class full disclosure mailing list.alla bezroutchko inquired session data pollution vulnerabilities web applications new problem january .however old vulnerability previously noted others classic state management issue yvan boily new someone.earlier examples vulnerabilities found major security resourcesarchives bugtraq e.g.july serious security hole mambo site server version ..x ismael peinado palomo reverseonline.comseptember php session modification unknown uwteam adamisession pollution also covered articles php session security przemek sobstel .attack examples trivial attack scenario example code vulnerable problem issessionlogin requestloginsessionusername requestusernamewhich subject trivial attacks asvulnerable.asploginyesusernamemarythis problem could exist software whereuser submits username password logon.aspif password mary checks logon.asp forwards vulnerable.asploginyesusernamemarythe problem vulnerable.asp designed assumption page accessed nonmalicious way. |
Session poisoning | anyone realizes script designed able craft http request sets logon user arbitrarily.exploiting ambiguous dual use session variable alla bezroutchko discusses scenario sessionlogin used two different purposes.in login scripts session variable stores user logged on.in password reset scripts session variable stores user wants password reset.a race condition demonstrated reset scripts could exploited change logged user arbitrarily.exploiting scripts allowing writes arbitrary session variables alla bezroutchko discusses examples observed development forums allows writing arbitrary session variables.the first example isin getsomething probably selection box similar.attack becomesvulnerable.phpsomethingsessionvartopoison session poisoning attacks enabled php.ini registerglobals php.ini registerglobals known enable security vulnerabilities several applications.php server administrators recommended disable feature.note realworld examples session poisoning enabled registerglobals publicly demonstrated back july article serious security hole mambo site server version ..x.second example someone iswhich vulnerable ifit possible attacker cause conditions false.php.ini misconfigured registerglobals allows var default value controlled gpc get post cookie input.attack becomesvulnerable.phpvarsessionvartopoison exploit utilizing shared php server e.g.shared web hosting unknown uwteam.org discusses scenario attacker victim shares php server.attack fairly easythe attacker first visits victims page e.g. |
HTTP response splitting | log on.attacker uploads php script account display context session set victim script.attacker determines variable needs changed uploads script sets variable executes it.attacker visits victim pages see anticipated exploit worked.this attack requires victim attacker share php server.attack dependent victim attacker virtual hostname trivial attacker move session identifier cookie one cookie domain another.see also session fixation referencesused perform crosssite scripting attacks crossuser defacement web cache poisoning similar exploits.the attack consists making server print carriage return cr ascii xd line feed lf ascii xa sequence followed content supplied attacker header section response typically including input fields sent application.per http standard rfc headers separated one crlf responses headers separated body two.therefore failure remove crs lfs allows attacker set arbitrary headers take control body break response two separate responses—hence name.prevention generic solution urlencode strings inclusion http headers location setcookie.typical examples sanitization include casting integers aggressive regular expression replacement.although response splitting specific php php interpreter contains protection attack since version .. ... references external links divide conquer http response splitting web cache poisoning attacks related topics. |
Exploit (computer security) | amit klein .target web application vulnerable http header injectionhttp response splitting web application security consortiumwapiti open source xss header sql ldap injection scannerlwn articlecwe failure sanitize crlf sequences http headers http response splittinghttp response splitting attack owaspcrlf injection owaspexamples cross site scriptingsql injection references external links official websitebehavior frequently includes things like gaining control computer system allowing privilege escalation denialofservice dos related ddos attack.classification several methods classifying exploits.common exploit communicates vulnerable software.a remote exploit works network exploits security vulnerability without prior access vulnerable system.a local exploit requires prior access vulnerable system usually increases privileges person running exploit past granted system administrator.exploits client applications also exist usually consisting modified servers send exploit accessed client application.common form exploits client applications browser exploits.exploits client applications may also require interaction user thus may used combination social engineering method. |
Exploit (computer security) | another classification action vulnerable system unauthorized data access arbitrary code execution denial service examples.many exploits designed provide superuserlevel access computer system.however also possible use several exploits first gain lowlevel access escalate privileges repeatedly one reaches highest administrative level often called root.after exploit made known authors affected software vulnerability often fixed patch exploit becomes unusable.reason black hat hackers well military intelligence agencies hackers publish exploits keep private.exploits unknown everyone people found developed referred zero day exploits.types exploitations commonly categorized named type vulnerability exploit see vulnerabilities list whether localremote result running exploit e.g.eop dos spoofing. |
Exploit (computer security) | one scheme offers zero day exploits exploitasaservice.zeroclick zeroclick attack exploit requires user interaction operate – say keypresses mouse clicks.forcedentry discovered example zeroclick attack.in nso group reportedly selling zeroclick exploits governments breaking individuals phones.pivoting pivoting method used penetration testers uses compromised system attack systems network avoid restrictions firewall configurations may prohibit direct access machines.example attacker compromises web server corporate network attacker use compromised web server attack systems network. |
Exploit (computer security) | types attacks often called multilayered attacks.pivoting also known island hopping.pivoting distinguished proxy pivoting vpn pivotingproxy pivoting practice channeling traffic compromised target using proxy payload machine launching attacks computer.type pivoting restricted certain tcp udp ports supported proxy.vpn pivoting enables attacker create encrypted layer tunnel compromised machine route network traffic target machine example run vulnerability scan internal network compromised machine effectively giving attacker full network access behind firewall.typically proxy vpn applications enabling pivoting executed target computer payload exploit.pivoting usually done infiltrating part network infrastructure example vulnerable printer thermostat using scanner find devices connected attack them.attacking vulnerable piece networking attacker could infect network gain complete control.see also computer securitycomputer viruscrimewareexploit kithacking art exploitation second editionit riskmetasploitshellcodewaf notes external links media related computer security exploits wikimedia commons |
Chris Sullo | specialized websecurity pentesting.cofounder cfo treasurer open security foundation creator rvasec security conference.currently works penetration testing specialist risk firm focal point data risk.osvdb sullo acting moderator vulnerability manager osvdb.mentor google summer code since osvdb accepted mentor organization googles summer code . |
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