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Williams Grand Prix Engineering | hill would retire second time row spunoff spain teammate villeneuve took third place.hill villeneuve dominated next grand prix canada – qualifying – finish.williams made second – hill french grand prix.villeneuve second race f silverstone hill retired wheel bearing failure lap .hill victorious next grand prix germany villeneuve race hungary. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | schumachers ferrari would take next two grands prix spafrancorchamps monza.villeneuve mounted title challenge going final race season japan hill reasserted dominance take race title villeneuve lost wheel retired.williamss dominance clinched constructors championship drivers mathematical chance taking title several races season concluded.around time frank williams announced hill would resigned contract expired despite hills successes eventual drivers championship joined arrows .adrian newey ambitions technical director rather chief designer possible williams patrick head founder shareholder team.mclaren lured newey away though forced take garden leave majority . |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | season would final season williamsrenault car designed neweys input frank williams brought german heinzharald frentzen created good impression williams first seasons formula one.frentzen proved disappointment though one race two years williams san marino grand prix.jacques villeneuve seven races compared five wins main rival michael schumacher resurgent ferrari.williams also achieved racewin milestone british grand prix.coming final round season jerez schumacher led villeneuve point however lap schumacher villeneuve collided. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | schumacher disqualified second place championship accident deemed fia avoidable.williams constructors title second time row scoring points.jacques villeneuve drivers championship three points michael schumacher kept points total despite removed second place thus runnerup went frentzen points.mecachrome engines season team unable maintain dominance formula renault ended fulltime involvement formula adrian newey moved rival team mclaren.williams pay mecachrome engines old rebadged renault f engines. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | meant fw featured similar aerodynamic package car also virtually engine leading comment ran virtually car adjusted regulations.changes sponsorship front rothmans opted promote winfield brand replacing popular blue white livery red one.williams kept drivers previous season first time since reigning world champion remained driving team.ferrari mclaren battled constructors drivers titles williams fell middle field.team races took podiums season frentzen finishing third first round australia villeneuve finishing third germany hungary. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | williams finished third constructors championship scoring points villeneuve finished fifth drivers championship points german teammate frentzen finished points behind seventh.supertec engines season williams employed supertec engine rebadged mecachromerenault unit new driver lineup put together amounted two talent exchanges.villeneuve moved new british american racing bar team frentzen moved jordan team.german ralf schumacher joined williams amounted driver trade frentzen would taking schumachers old ride jordan.villeneuves ride williams sought previously unsuccessful former f driver italian alex zanardi racing cart series become successful driver last two series championships total fifteen races three years. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | like schumacher driver trade made zanardi would join williams teams test driver time juan pablo montoya would join cart zanardis car chip ganassi racing.the team managed three podiums scored ralf schumacher third place australia britain second place italy.zanardi meanwhile struggled entire season fail reach podium race also finish high enough score race ended season zero points.due large part team finished fifth constructors championship lowest finish williams team finished behind stewart jordan schumachers point total points williams scored.after season deciding relationship working williams zanardi mutually agreed terminate remainder contract team.would eventually return cart.bmw engines – team signed longterm agreement german manufacturer bmw supply engines expertise period years. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | part deal bmw expected least one driver german led teams signing ralf schumacher subsequent season.team williams car bmw engine testing circuits preparation debut season.there major sponsorship changes – rothmans international purchased british american tobacco bat owned british american racing chose renew rothmans contract williams.bmw paid williams cars entirely blue white – unlike standard motorsport livery scheme dominated colours team major sponsors logos minor sponsors colour schemes.williams second major sponsor became compaq following compaqs acquisition team debuted hewlettpackard hp sponsorship british grand prix.complaints hp logo rear wing led replacement sponsors tag line invent. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | crosspromotion technological partnership worldwide television commercial featured drivers ralf schumacher juan pablo montoya seemingly driving bmw williams cars around track radio control grandstand.the new clean image allowed williams sign cigarette anticraving brand niquitin anheuserbusch alternating budweiser beer brand seaworld adventure parks compliance trademark disputes alcohol bans.season replace zanardi britains jenson button made series debut.first season williams partnership bmw yield single victory managed get podium three times ralf schumacher responsible three.williams finished third constructors championship points one prior year.ralf schumacher finished fifth drivers championship button debut season finished eighth. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | button made scrappy mistakes early races monaco europe overall made impressive debut melbourne continued impress notably silverstone spa suzuka.season arrangement williams ganassi came end thus williams able bring juan pablo montoya back drive fulltime team.returning two successful years cart succeeded zanardi champion ten races total also become first cart driver since infamous split american openwheel racing win indianapolis .since montoya returning williams left jenson button odd man out.would move benetton still running rebadged renault engines teams final season name.the fw four races three ralf schumacher imola montreal home grand prix germany.teammate montoya victorious monza would races fws unreliability pit crew blunders. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | car proved quicker ferrari mclaren counterparts several races williamss campaign yielded third place constructors championship.season williams maintained driver lineup season.team one race malaysia one races ferrari year dominated ferraris michael schumacher rubens barrichello.despite montoya qualifying pole races ended winless season.williams improve constructors championship position finishing second. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | montoya finished third drivers championship eight points ahead ralf schumacher finished fourth.in qualifying italian grand prix .km .mi monza circuit montoya lapped williams fw .average speed .mph . |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | kmh breaking speed record .mph .kmh set keke rosberg honda turbopowered williams fw silverstone british grand prix.season would see williams come closest winning first title since .preseason frank williams confident fw would challenge title. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | team four races montoya winning monaco germany ralf schumacher nürburgring following race magnycours.montoya stayed contention drivers championship season finished third points behind michael schumacher ralf schumacher finished fifth points behind montoya.williams finished second constructors championship two points ahead mclaren.season start season announced montoya would moving mclaren .team began season radical nosecone design known walrusnose proved uncompetitive replaced conventional assembly hungary. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | ferrari dominated third consecutive season winning races.williams picked win final race brazil juan pablo montoya finishing one second ahead kimi räikkönens mclaren remained williamss last f win spanish grand prix.another low part season williams toyota disqualified canadian grand prix discovered cars brake irregularities brake ducts seemingly conforming regulations.williams finished season fourth scoring points finishing podium six times montoya highestplaced williams driver year scoring points finish fifth position.season season schumacher moved toyota montoya moved mclaren. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | taking places australian mark webber german nick heidfeld.jenson button driven williams fia ruling forced button remain current team bar.antônio pizzonia served test driver team season.meanwhile button signed contract drive williams .during course f seasons bmw motorsport director mario theissen increasingly became publicly critical williams f teams inability create package capable winning constructors championship even multiple victories within single season.williams hand blamed bmw producing good enough engine. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | williamss failed attempt prise jenson button bar contract may also issue theissen.despite frank williamss rare decision capitulate commercial demands employing german driver nick heidfeld allegedly preferred antônio pizzonia fallout williams bmw continued formula one season.despite bmws contract williams supply engines public deterioration relationship williams bmw factor decision bmw motorsport buy sauber rebrand team feature bmw name.cosworth engines season williams opted cosworth v engines saw nico rosberg replace german nick heidfeld departed bmw sauber mark webber stayed team.despite signed contract race williams jenson button decided stay bar become honda works team. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | september deal reached allow button remain bar williams receiving around £m paid button cancel contract.williams cosworth entered partnership agreement cosworth would supply engines transmissions associated electronics software team.major sponsors hewlettpackard concluded sponsorship agreements one year official end contract.williams team also switched bridgestone tyres.the season started well drivers scoring points opening race season nico rosberg setting fastest lap bahrain grand prix.rest season disappointing williams retirements starts two cars.team failed finish podium season first time happened since williamss debut season . |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | team eventually finished eighth constructors championship points.toyota engines – – seasons following williamss worst points tally since team announced japanese manufacturer toyota would supplying engines season.number changes announced alexander wurz test driver williams since became teams second driver replace outgoing mark webber japanese driver kazuki nakajima son satoru replaced wurz test driver alongside karthikeyan.sponsorship saw change announced att would become title sponsors team upcoming season.att previously involved minor sponsors jaguar mclaren teams moved williams following mclarens announcement title sponsorship deal vodafone competitor att. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | february new fw presented media uk.soon afterwards team secured sponsorship deal lenovo built teams new supercomputer.rosberg wurz gave williams productive season terms points montreal wurz scored teams first podium finish since nick heidfelds secondplace european grand prix.course year rosberg consistently points scoring season comparison teammate wurz finished points three times.following announcement wurz would retiring sport williams brought young test driver nakajima drive second car final race brazil.japanese driver finished tenth despite starting near back grid rosberg enjoyed best race season finishing fourth. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | williams finished fourth constructors championship year.for season williams confirmed nico rosberg kazuki nakajima race drivers.rosberg confirmed staying williams end december ending speculation could take fernando alonsos vacated seat mclaren.winter testing sessions team ran six different liveries celebrate th year sport th grand prix.the season mixture success disappointment williams.rosberg managed obtain podiums australia singapore team struggled circuits highspeed corners.fact team one first switch development car new regulations came also hindered season williams finished disappointing th constructors championship. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | rosberg stated unless team competitive near future would look drive elsewhere.williams retained rosberg nakajima season.frank williams admitted regretted parting bmw stated toyota tremendous ability become top engine supplier.speculation surrounding toyotas future formula grid.due fact bigbudget team toyota managed second place best result.december williams confirmed commitment f following honda withdrawal announcement.ahead brazilian grand prix williams announced would ending threeyear partnership toyota finding new engine supplier . |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | return cosworth engines – – seasons termination toyota contract williams announced season enter longterm partnership cosworth would using updated version ca v engine powered cars .williams also announced complete driver change season.rubens barrichello joined constructors champion brawn gp whilst gp champion nico hülkenberg graduated test driver seat.replacing hülkenberg test seat finlands valtteri bottas finished third formula three euroseries well winning nonchampionship masters formula event zandvoort.their new car williams fw unveiled first time shakedown test silverstone.first official test february circuit ricardo tormo valencia. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | hülkenberg took teams first pole position five years variable conditions brazilian grand prix.hülkenberg dropped team ahead season replaced venezuelan newcomer reigning gp series champion pastor maldonado.combination barrichello maldonado meant would first time since williams would start season without european driver lineup.at second preseason test jerez barrichello posted fastest time week last day.avail williams endured one worst seasons date two ninth places barrichello one tenth place maldonado best results entire year.brazil team ended ninth place constructors championship. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | return renault engines – – seasons july williams announced would reuniting enginesupplier renault supply teams engines onwards.december confirmed maldonado would retained season along reserve driver valtteri bottas took part friday practice sessions.january confirmed bruno senna would driver partner maldonado effectively ending rubens barrichellos f career.prior season patrick head moved williams f team williams hybrid power limited another subsidiary williams grand prix holdings.team also announced relationship att ended mutual agreement negotiations another telecommunications company teams title sponsorship.spanish grand prix pastor maldonado took grand prix victory also williamss first race victory since brazilian grand prix. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | around minutes celebrating win fire broke garage williams team damaging fw bruno senna leaving several injured.team eventually achieved eighth position formula one world constructors championship.claire williams daughter team principal frank williams appointed deputy principal march .maldonado retained team joined bottas promoted role test driver.team struggled throughout season despite good qualifying session canadian grand prix place top united states grand prix scoring five points world constructors championship.while williams enjoyed victory season occasional points finishes reach heights achieved domination formula one s. combined absolutely dismal season prompted williams look new engine supplier season onwards.mercedes power units –present – seasons may williams signed longterm contract mercedes supply engines team german manufacturer providing .litre v turbo engines start season. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | bottas retained driver felipe massa signed ferrari replace maldonado.team also unveiled new multiyear title sponsorship deal drinks brand martini.part deal team became williams martini racing except bahrain russia abu dhabi team known williams racing alcohol advertising restrictions.the team first pole position since courtesy massa austrian grand prix time mercedes would beaten pole position course season.bottas qualifying alongside massa also first time team locked front row since german grand prix.team enjoyed upturn performance including double podium abu dhabi resulting taking third place constructors championship. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | repeated feat season despite lowkey season owing resurgence ferrari.the team went season bottas massa retained.former ferrari driver academy member lance stroll joined team development driver alex lynn became reserve driver paul di resta announced march following susie wolffs retirement motorsport.in september massa announced intentions retire formula one stroll later announced replacement .following nico rosbergs decision retire team released bottas contract allow take place mercedes massa returning team oneyear deal.massa forced withdraw hungarian grand prix due illness team therefore announced paul di resta would racing alongside stroll instead.– continued decline november felipe massa announced decision retire f. renault reserve driver gp series rdplace finisher sergey sirotkin signed replacement robert kubica joining team reserve development driver.williams struggled course season scoring points finishing last constructors championship standings.although fw rarely suffered reliability issues significantly pace teams highest finish lance strolls thplace finish azerbaijan. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | teams points finish italian grand prix stroll finishing th sirotkin scoring first championship point th.also grand prix season team reached third qualifying session stroll starting th grid.on february martini announced would leave williams formula one end season.on october team announced reigning formula champion george russell would joining team season.november announced reserve driver robert kubica would promoted seat marking return formula one eight years away sport due injury.season team entered partnership polish petroleum company pkn orlen multiyear title sponsorship arrangement telecommunications company rokit.williams missed first twoandahalf days preseason testing barcelona due fw yet ready team suffer setback.williams began season reach competitive. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | qualifying seasonopener australia fastest time almost .seconds slower nearest competitor.race russell kubica finished two three laps behind leader respectively.teams best result season came germany kubica classified th teams points finish season.however result came postrace penalties drivers. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | upgrades came season fw began catch competitors russell came within .seconds reaching q qualifying hungarian grand prix finished close points th brazil.however cars would eliminated q every race season.despite teams lack performance comparison – confirmed williams extended engine supplier partnership mercedes .on september williams announced kubica decided leave team end season would go join alfa romeo reserve driver.formula championship runnerup nicholas latifi promoted role reserve driver replace kubica season. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | jack aitken replaced latifi reserve driver.may following publication significant losses williams announced immediate termination title sponsorship deal rokit.–present buyout new management opening race austrian grand prix latifi reached th place outside points whereas qualifying russell .seconds away reaching q russell retired race fuel pressure issue.wet qualifying next race styrian grand prix russell succeeded making q first time williams driver done since brazilian grand prix slippery conditions qualified th. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | russell started race th following application penalties drivers.at hungarian grand prix drivers made q first time since italian grand prix.russells second time getting q latifis first time getting q.on august williams acquired us investment group dorilton capital € million.amount includes settling debt company well continue run williams name keep ukbase.despite offered chance stay williams team principal claire williams announced departure team effective weekend italian grand prix.following announcement first time williams f team hasnt leadership williams family since inception years prior.simon roberts joined williams mclaren may became acting team principal team. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | december williams announced jost capito joining williams new ceo simon roberts becoming team principal reporting capito.during monaco grand prix williams celebrated th grand prix start.celebrate occasion williams launched competition names williams supporters featured car williams fwb together number races since started supporting williams.june roberts left team.responsibilities taken capito françoisxavier demaison taking trackside leadership duties.hungarian grand prix saw williams score first points since german grand prix robert kubica first double points finish since italian grand prix. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | belgian grand prix russell qualified nd place scored williams first podium since azerbaijan grand prix race stopped two laps safety car conditions completed allowing drivers retain qualifying position.team also achieved second consecutive double points finish latifi finished th.russell scored backtoback points italian grand prix russian grand prix th th respectively latter qualified rd behind carlos sainz polesitter lando norris.williams finished th place constructors’ championship points points ahead alfa romeo finished th place.formula one results constructors championships winning percentage .drivers championships winning percentage .winning percentage drivers champions following drivers formula one drivers championship williams alan jones keke rosberg nelson piquet nigel mansell alain prost damon hill jacques villeneuve williams group williams grand prix holdings public company williams group includes formula one team williams advanced engineering others like williams heritage collaborations brands.williams advanced engineering williams advanced engineering wae technology engineering services business williams group. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | based united kingdom located dedicated facility square metres sq ft adjacent williams formula one facilities.waes target markets automotive motorsport civil aerospace defence land sea air renewable energy sports science.the company provides battery technology used formula e extreme e assisted development electric vanda dendrobium car singapore.worked jaguar create revolutionary cx hybrid supercar.wae partnered jaguar build new stunt cxs th james bond film spectre.wae announced june new collaboration nismo performanceorientated brand nissan partner development highperformance road cars.the company announced august collaboration singer vehicle design.first fruit work modified naturally aspirated aircooled flatsix porsche engine .l capacity four valves per cylinder four camshafts rated hp.on may williams advanced engineering announced partnership fia sanctioned electric offroad racing series extreme e. williams advanced engineering supply batteries first two seasons extreme e. inaugural season extreme e began saudi arabia.on may announced williams advanced engineering supply batteries multimake etcr series due launch .on january australian mining firm fortescue metals group announced would purchasing williams advanced engineering £m effort meet carbon neutral targets .wae generated revenues £.m fiscal year – profits £m.williams hybrid power williams hybrid power whp division williams f developed electromechanical flywheels mobile applications buses trams highperformance enduranceracing cars. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | hybrid system uses spinning composite rotor store energy flywheels help vehicle save fuel ultimately reduce co emissions.whp first established immediately set developing new flywheel energyrecovery system williams f team introduction kinetic energy recovery systems kers formula one season.teams pouring efforts electric battery systems williams f opted go flywheel route strong belief technologys wider applications.never raced formula one due technical changes whp since seen technology adapted range applications.example audi r hybrid car le mans hours used whp flywheel.whp also seen flywheel technology introduced series buses part deal goahead group one uks biggest transport operators. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | april williams hybrid power sold gkn.williams heritage williams heritage wh retired chassis restoration division williams f similar ferrari f clienti classic team lotus keeps maintains old retired williams formula one chassis longer racing use.divisions headquarters located formula one teams site grove oxfordshire.williams heritage manage restorations maintenance track operation williams grand prix collection cars well privately owned williams cars.division managed tom morton. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | motorsports williamsbranded cars formula two williams developed car revived formula two championship beginning .design originally created new morepowerful offshoot formula palmer audi series however car repurposed jonathan palmers motorsport vision successfully bid rights run new formula two series.group b rallying – metro r rally car developed williams commission rover.rally car mg metro completely new v engine midengined fourwheel drive developed international group b rallying regulations.williams developed car six months. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | british touring car championship – williams entered british touring car championship taking works renault programme.alain menu transferred renault dealer racing hoy signed partner him.williams employed ian harrison future director triple eight racing team manager.menu championship contender hoy constant failures bad luck first half season.however hoys luck changed three races scored several podium finishes second half year eventually taking fourth championship menu finished second championship seven wins. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | renault manufacturers championship.difficult year frontwheeldrive cars outclassed wd audi frank biela john bintcliffe.menu second championship hoy finished lowly ninth.breakthrough year williams winning drivers championship menu manufacturers trophy teams award.changes team saw jason plato replacing hoy taking third championship. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | team races .also competed bathurst menu plato leading much early part race.alan jones drove second car first appearance williams since .saw changes williams team driver lineup unchanged menu defend title alongside plato main sponsor nescafé renault still putting sponsorship team.renaults new look opposition caught menu plato difficult season finishing fourth fifth championship. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | final round silverstone third car entered independents champion tommy rustad.renault ultimately finished third manufacturers trophy second teams championship.difficult season williams menu left renault racing since .plato joined jeanchristophe boullion.nescafé main sponsor williams team . |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | renault much luck engine failures haunting team midpart season.one win plato success season renault pulled btcc end season.le mans hours sportscars – prior f partnership williams motorsport built le mans prototypes bmw known v lm v lmr.v lmr hours le mans .car driven pierluigi martini yannick dalmas joachim winkelhock operated schnitzer motorsport name bmw motorsport. |
Williams Grand Prix Engineering | renault clio williams williams name logo used renault clio williams limited sports model production supermini formula ones safety car argentine grand prix.however input provided williams development car.porsche ag gtr hybrid subsidiary williams hybrid power company developed supplied flywheelbased kineticenergy storage system use porsche gt r car various gt racing series.car achieved first victory may th round vln endurance racing championship held nürburgring.formula e williamss advanced engineering division collaborated jaguar racing debut season.williams contract supply battery system gen car – formula e world championship. |
Primary nursing | williams driver academy like f teams williams operates driver academy.currently four drivers programme.notes references sources external links official websitepatient nurses unit primary nurse accepts responsibility administering coordinating aspects patients nursing care support members nursing staff.results nurse greater insight patients condition medical emotional.this distinguished practice team nursing functional nursing total patient care primary nursing focuses therapeutic relationship patient named nurse assumes responsibility patients plan care length stay particular area.patient aware nurse primary nursing communicate entire hospital staff nurse.nurse accepts responsibility patients care.primary nursing description delivery system set organizing principles used deliver product service generally consist four elements decisionmaking work allocation communication management. |
Primary nursing | primary nursing moves decisionmaking primary nurse giving primary nurse responsibility care patient.results include shorter hospital stays increased patient satisfaction fewer medical complications less staff absenteeism.work allocated primary nurse staff absence accountability remains primary nurse.communication patient physician nurse improved primary nurse central hub responsible communications.good phsysician wants quality care patient primary nursing way get says lawrence j. donnelly rn director nursing glendale memorial hospital. |
Primary nursing | effect nursing retention shortages qualified nurses nursing retention issues longstanding challenges hospitals.reasons nursing turnover including dissatisfaction way required practice nursing team nursing environments.primary nursing grew group nurses nurse supervisors working together address dissatisfaction.charlotte dison baptist hospital miami stated primary nursing increased nursing retention nurse satisfied environment.absenteeism tends less greater commitment patient. |
Primary nursing | dick otswald vice president nursing wausau hospitals believed returning nurses direct patient care versus administrative duties would increase retention reason people go nursing give patient care.patient experience team nursing tasks got done patients often went home poorly taught take care caring aspect nursing wasnt carried said karen ciske former staff nurse nursing instructor member university minnesota hospitals primarynursing project.ciske said onetoone communication nurse patient .. form relationship patients open you.back charts pills.patients reported satisfaction system care personalized them.trust relationship nurse patient critical. |
Primary nursing | gaining patients trust means tell discomfort changes going body monitors might pick up.that patientnurse relationship carries family helps nurse discharge planning theyre able assess patients support system outside hospital.patientfocused continuity care primary nursing also affects patients family.penni weston primary nursing project coordinator st. alexius explained family knows nurse talk questions anxiety patients recovery.university michigan study two groups kidneytransplant patients compared one primary nursing team nursing.patients team nursing experienced average four complications operation. |
Primary nursing | patients primary nursing experienced average one complication operation able discharged hospital sooner.comparison nursing care delivery systems following table illustrates similarities differences four common nursing care delivery systemsthe team nursing model rn gives patient pill practical nurse changes patients bed linens nurses aide brings bed pan rn saw patient one time gave patient pill.primary nursing primary nurse gives pill teaches patient effects medication monitors patients reaction medication.discharge primary nurse recommend best time day patient take pill based theyve seen patients hospital stay.primary nurse also alert medication errors greater awareness patient medication outcomes.in total patient care system modified primary nursing responsibility aspect primary nursing implemented. |
Primary nursing | however rns still provide patient care team nursing less supervisory duties caregivers.myths facts primary nursing following table explores contrasting perspectives primary nursing history primary nursing return relationship nurse patient primary nurse bringing professional knowledge expertise care patient.in earlier nearly nursing home care nursing nurse alone managed patients care.hospitals trained nurses student nurses provided care hospitals.student nurse graduated became professional nurse would professionally managing business clients required care home.world war ii registered nurses rns drawn care wounded. |
Primary nursing | staffing available hospitals limited licensed practical nurses lpns nurses aides functional model nursing implemented.functional nursing person assigned tasks limited qualifications.war hospitals built us continue provide care wounded expand health population.functional nursing remained place demand nurses constantly greater supply nurses work assigned various roles orderlies technicians nursing assistants practical nurses aides registered nurse oversight rarely seeing patient themselves.nursing dissatisfaction turnover continual problem throughout s. return primary nursing started unit university minnesota hospital.the first seminar presenting primary nursing nursing community took place first article published year nursing forum. |
Primary nursing | second article dialogue primary nursing published journal nursing forum october .throughout hospitals started see benefits primary nursing care delivery system patients nurses.twin cities hospitals implemented primary nursing included hennepin county medical center united hospital bethesda lutheran medical center veterans administration hospital university hospital.st. alexius implemented primary nursing early crediting improved outcomes.nursing staffs boston beth israel led joyce clifford evanston hospital led june werner early adopters primary nursing recognized outstanding work fully implementing professional nursing model.hospitals attempts implement primary nursing hindered initiallyhigher costs professional staff. |
Primary nursing | hospitals initially implemented modified version responsibilities moved toward patient focus.implementation implementation primary nursing continued patients reported satisfaction system care personalized them.hospitallevel resistance primary nursing comes difficulty integrating primary nursing process within usual hospital processes.changes required may include nursedoctor relationship staffing patterns nursing supervision practices.changes also required technical support systems underlying nursing practice. |
Primary nursing | marie manthey asserts nursing system support either professional nursing values bureaucratic hospital values either focuses caring people tending needs organization.“primary nursing delivery system nursing station level facilitates professional nursing practice despite bureaucratic nature hospitals.practice profession based independent assessment client’s needs determines kind amount service rendered services bureaucracies usually delivered according routine preestablished procedures without sensitivity variations needs.” manthey also stated primary nursing sometimes rejected nursing leader afraid losing authority.the implementation primary nursing outside u.s. started england term named nurse used national health service.john major announced patients charter one component named qualified nurse midwife health visitor .. responsible nursing midwifery care.making policy change stressed nursing recognized key component medicine welltrained nurses greater responsibilities benefit health system patients. |
Primary nursing | royal college nursing supported greater role nursing cost challenges also acknowledged.stephen wright tameside promoted primary nursings benefits also acknowledging challenges.benefits wright identified primary nursing include reduced patient complaints fewer medical complications less staff absenteeism.discomfort doctors working different primary nurses rather one specific head nurseward sister challenge.also primary nurse taking responsibility patients care admission discharge requires adequate support system. |
Primary nursing | wright said pretty scary totally responsible patients care.bus stops you.wright also stressed need adequate funding new system.imperfect conditions meant times ward sister similar head nurse u.s. treated primary nurse cases meaning patient given name nurse.royal college nursing stated since named nurse concept meant qualified staff responsibility designated patients ward sister assignment named nurse realistic. |
Primary nursing | possible cost savings support hiring additional qualified nurses identified include reducing shift change two hours one reducing supervision costs moving clerical housekeeping tasks nursing hospital staff members.in industry consultants led movement hospitals restructuring reengineering name costcutting effect reducing professional nursing autonomy judgment use multiskilled team members.term primary nursing fell use concepts modified.changes included deemphasis nursepatient relationship.negative effect nursing satisfaction care able provide patients.in uk hospital restructuring effect spreading skilled work among wider variety staff.changing skill mix effect increasing managerial medical therapeutic work nursing assigning bedside care nonnursing staff. |
Primary nursing | grew total patient care involved nurses taking additional clinical roles occupational therapy tasks work load increased accordingly.nurses reported concerned qualitative differences patient care werent measured well increased pressure uncertainty due extensive changes.current terminology practice model relationshipbased care applies original concepts primary nursing functions relationships within hospital setting.see also florence nightingaleadvanced practice nursecritical care nursingteam nursing reading manthey marie ciske k. robertson p. harris i. .primary nursing return concept nurse patient.nursing forum –. |
Primary nursing | doi.j...tb.x.manthey marie marlene kramer .dialogue primary nursing.nursing forum –.doi.j...tb.x.manthey marie .primary care alive well hospital. |
Primary nursing | american journal nursing .january .ciske karen l. primary nursing evaluation ajn american journal nursing august volume issue p werner j. page j. o. church o. .evanston story primary nursing comes alive.nursing administration quarterly .werner j. .primary nursing. |
Primary nursing | highlights chief nursing service workshop held nov. p. .veterans administration.manthey marie .theoretical framework primary nursing.journal nursing administration jona pp –.june .alcock denise lawrence jocelyn goodman jane ellis jacqueline . |
Primary nursing | formative evaluation implementation primary nursing.canadian journal nursing research.vol.no.. |
Primary nursing | retrieved may .wright stephen g. patient nurse.london scutari press.isbn goode deborah rowe kathy .perceptions experiences primary nursing icu combined methods approach.intensive critical care nursing. |
Primary nursing | vol..pp.–.retrieved may .nelson john w. january . |
Primary nursing | empirical relationship primary nursing organizational commitment.creative nursing.vol.no.. |
Primary nursing | springer publishing.pp.–.retrieved may .manthey marie .practice primary nursing. |
Primary nursing | minneapolis mn creative health care management.p. .isbn .koloroutis mary jayne felgen donna wright colleen person marie manthey leah kinnaird relationshipbased care model transforming practice isbn .koloroutis mary .relationshipbased care model transforming practice.minneapolis mn creative health care management. |
Primary nursing | p. .isbn .koloroutis mary jayne felgen colleen person susan wessel relationshipbased care field guide glembocki margaret j. joyce j. fitzpatrick editors advancing professional nursing practice relationshipbased care ana standards wessel s. manthey m. primary nursing personcentered care delivery system design.minneapolis mn creative health care management.ferrua rachele nelson john w gatta claudia croso antonella gilot chiara boggio dal molin alberto .impact primary nursing model cultural improvement mixedmethod study.creative nursing. |
Primary nursing | vol..springer publishing.pp.–. |
Mafia state | retrieved may .koloroutis mary rn david abelson md advancing relationshipbased cultures notes references external links nursing practice primary care patients’ experience care jan john nelson marie manthey explore model primary nursing youtubegreater connotation literally means rule thieves see kleptocracy.in politics mafia state state system government tied organized crime degree government officials police andor military became part criminal enterprise.according us diplomats phrase mafia state coined alexander litvinenko.particular applications concept mafia italy yakuza japan critical review moisés naíms essay foreign affairs peter andreas pointed long existence italian mafia japanese yakuza writing close relationships illicit organisations respective governments.according andreas examples speak incidences mafia states historically new threat.in italy three main mafia organisations originated th century cosa nostra originating region sicily camorra originating region campania ndrangheta originating region calabria.former prime minister italy giulio andreotti legal action trial mafia association march city palermo.prosecution accused former prime minister making available mafia association named cosa nostra defense interests attainment criminal goals influence power coming position leader political faction. |
Mafia state | prosecutors said return electoral support salvo lima assassination andreottis enemies agreed protect mafia expected fix maxi trial.andreottis defense predicated character attacks prosecutions key witnesses involved mafia.andreotti eventually acquitted october .however together greater series corruption cases mani pulite andreottis trials marked purging renewal italys political system.the camorra casalesi clan rose gaining control large areas local economy partly manipulating politicians intimidating judges.clan heavily involved naples waste management crisis dumped toxic waste around campania boss clan gaetano vassallo admitted systematically working years bribe local politicians officials gain acquiescence dumping toxic waste. |
Mafia state | countries described mafia states republics territories former yugoslavia kosovo partially recognised independent state formerly part serbia called mafia state italian mep pino arlacchi also moisés naím essay mafia states foreign affairs.naím pointed prime minister kosovo hashim thaçi allegedly connected heroin trade.many crime allegations made investigated several countries thaçi.naím also labeled montenegro mafia state essay describing hub cigarette smuggling.transnistria transnistria unrecognised breakaway state moldova long described journalists researchers politicians diplomats quasistate whose economy dependent contraband gunrunning directly referred transnistria mafia state.for instance moldovas president vladimir voronin called transnistria residence international mafia smuggling stronghold outpost islamic combatants.allegations followed attempts customs blockade. |
Mafia state | reacting allegations russian staterun rtr aired investigative program revealing transnistrian firms conducting industriallevel manufacturing small arms purposely subsequent illegal trafficking via ukrainian port odessa.according program trade controlled benefited transnistrias founder thenruler igor smirnov.however recent investigations monitoring missions prove continuity arms trafficking concerns.according regular reports european border assistance mission moldova ukraine eubam signs significant weapons smuggling transnistria.pressconference november head eubam ferenc banfi officially stated organised smuggling weapons transnistria exist.ukrainian foreign minister acting chairman organization security cooperation europe osce leonid kozhara gave interview el país commenting situation transnistria results work eubam mission. |
Mafia state | according kozhara cases arms traffic found.some experts russia transnistria state allegations transnistria mafia state black hole europe heaven arms trafficking etc.carefully planned defamation campaign paid moldovan government aimed producing negative image transnistria.officials european union osce say evidence tiraspol regime ever trafficked arms nuclear material.much alarm attributed efforts moldovan government increase pressure transnistria.russia term used russian defector alexander litvinenko media describe political system russia vladimir putins rule. |
Mafia state | characterization came prominence following united states diplomatic cables leak revealed us diplomats viewed russia corrupt autocratic kleptocracy centred leadership vladimir putin officials oligarchs organised crime bound together create virtual mafia state.book titled mafia state journalist author luke harding argues putin created state peopled exkgb fsb officers like bent making money all.estimation american diplomats government russia effectively mafia.according new statesman term entered lexicon expert discussion several years cables leak frivolous metaphor.familiar country come see kleptocracy vladimir putin role capo di tutti capi dividing spoils preventing turf wars rival clans essentially criminal elite.stephen blank noted russia putin state european officials privately call mafia state naturally gravitates toward mafialike behavior.nikolay petrov analyst carnegie moscow centre said pretty hard damage russian image world already good. |
Mafia state | mexico scholar law economics edgardo buscaglia describes political system mexico mafiacracy.buscaglia characterises condition state economy organized crime mexico mutual interweaving mexico also labeled narcostate political economic term applied countries legitimate institutions become penetrated power wealth illegal drug trade.moisés naím author illicit smugglers traffickers copycats hijacking global economy wrote article american magazine foreign policy mafia states bulgaria guineabissau montenegro myanmar also called burma ukraine venezuela national interest interests organised crime inextricably intertwined.during aruba overseas constituent country kingdom netherlands alleged mafia state prime minister henny eman.sicilian cuntreracaruana mafia clan said island investments hotels casinos donations towards emans electioncampaign.claims later turned exaggerated however.in libyan leader muammar gaddafi labelled switzerland mafia state stating switzerland behaving like criminal organisation involved money laundering assassinations terrorism.jonathan benton former head united kingdom anticorruption agency described malta “mafia state” money laundering transactions hundreds millions euros made every year without problem. |
Mafia state | made statement speaking bbc radio following murder investigative journalist daphne caruana galizia.see also related concepts mafia rajcounterintelligence statepolice statenarcostatefailed stateterrorist statenorth koreas illicit activitieskleptocracy references reading luke harding .mafia state one reporter became enemy brutal new russia.guardian books.isbn .naím m. . |
Mafia state | mafia states organized crime takes office.foreign affairs .wang p. blancke s. .mafia state evolving threat north korean narcotics trafficking.rusi journal.. |
Sustainable fashion | –.sustainable fashion concerns addressing fashion textiles products.addresses entire manner clothing produced produces long life span product reaches landfill.sustainable movement combats large carbon footprint fashion industry fast fashion created reducing greenhouse gas emissions.reducing environmental impact fashion combat air pollution water pollution overall climate change could possibly prevent millions premature deaths next century.sustainable fashion deals considering fashion perspective variety stakeholders ranging contemporary producers consumers clothes future producers consumers.in found approach voluntarily selfdirected reform textile manufacturing supply chains substantially reduce environmental impact fashion large companies failed.measures reform fashion towards sustainability beyond marketing campaigns greenwashing may need involve policies creation enforcement standardized certificates along related import control subsidy ecotariffslike interventions. |
Sustainable fashion | background origins sustainable fashion movement intertwined modern environmental movement specifically publication book silent spring american biologist rachel carson.carsons book exposed serious widespread pollution associated use agricultural chemicals theme still important debate around environmental social impact fashion today.decades followed saw impact human actions environment systematically investigated including effects industrial activity new concepts mitigating effects notably sustainable development term coined brundtland report.in early roughly coinciding united nations conference environment development popularly known rio earth summit green issues called time made way fashion textiles publications.typically publications featured work wellknown companies patagonia esprit late brought environmental concerns businesses.owners companies time yvon chouinard doug tompkins outdoorsmen witnessed environment harmed overproduction overconsumption material goods. |
Sustainable fashion | commissioned research impact fibers used companies.patagonia resulted lifecycle assessment four fibers cotton wool nylon polyester.esprit focus cotton—and finding better alternatives it—which represented business time.interestingly similar focus materials impact selection still norm sustainable fashion thirty years on.the principles green eco fashion put forward two companies based philosophy deep ecologists arne næss fritjof capra ernest callenbach design theorist victor papanek.imperative also linked feminist understanding humannature relationships interconnectedness “ethics care” advocated carolyn merchant suzi gablik vandana shiva carol gilligan. |
Sustainable fashion | legacy early work patagonia esprit continues shape fashion industry agenda around sustainability today.cofunded first organic cotton conference held visalia california.esprit ecollection developed head designer lynda grose launched retail.collection based eco audit guide published elmwood institute.throughout early movement sustainable fashion broadened include many brands. |
Sustainable fashion | though primary focus remained improving impact products fiber fabric processing material provenance doug tompkins yvon chouinard early note exponential growth consumption sustainable.esprit placed ad utne reader making plea responsible consumption.brand patagonia ran ad pr campaign called dont buy jacket picture patagonia merchandise.message intended encourage people consider effect consumption environment purchase need.in parallel industry agenda research agenda around sustainable fashion development since early field history dynamics politics practices submovements evolution analytical critical language.field broad scope includes technical projects seek improve resource efficiency existing operations work brands designers work within current priorities well look fundamentally imagine fashion system differently including growth logic. |
Sustainable fashion | group researchers formed union concerned researchers fashion ucrf advocate radical coordinated research activity commensurate challenges biodiversity loss climate change.fall ucrf received north star award green carpet fashion awards milan fashion week.purpose followers sustainable fashion movement believe fashion industry clear opportunity act differently pursuing profit growth also creating new value deeper wealth society therefore world economy.believe clothing companies ought place environmental social ethical improvements managements agenda.goal sustainable fashion create flourishing ecosystems communities activity. |
Sustainable fashion | may include increasing value local production products prolonging lifecycle materials increasing value timeless garments reducing amount waste reducing harm environment created result production consumption.another aims sometimes seen educate people practice environmentally friendly consumption promoting green consumer allow company gain support larger following.there doubts within movement effectiveness green consumerism.business models based selling units clothing accessories widely considered sustainable regardless ecofriendly garments are.thus industry change basic premise profit yet slow coming requires large shift business practices models tools assessment.became apparent discussions following burberry report brand burning unsold goods worth around £.m . |
Sustainable fashion | million exposing overproduction subsequent destruction unsold stock normal business practice behavior amongst brands actively undermine sustainable fashion agenda.the challenge making fashion sustainable requires rethink whole system call action new.union concerned researchers fashion argued industry still discussing ideas originally mooted late early s. taking long view examining fashion sustainability progress since actual advances ecological terms.union observes far mission sustainable fashion utter failure small incremental changes drowned explosive economy extraction consumption waste continuous labor abuse.a frequently asked question working area sustainable fashion whether field oxymoron.reflects seemingly irreconcilable possibility bringing together fashion understood constant change tied business models based continuous replacement goods sustainability understood continuity resourcefulness.apparent paradox dissolves fashion seen broadly process aligned expansionist business models consumption new clothing instead mechanism leads engaged ways living precious changing earth. |
Sustainable fashion | temporal concerns related fashion fashion per definition phenomenon related time popular expression certain time context.also affects perception made sustainable – fashion fast slow – exclusive inclusive.like much design objects fashion exist interzone desire discard along temporal axis shimmering urge towards life thermodynamic fate death.noted cultural theorist brian thill waste every object plus time.when comes garments durability depends use metabolism certain garments made withstand long use ex.outdoor hiking wear winter jackets whereas garments quicker turnaround ex. |
Sustainable fashion | party top.means garments properties uselife could made durable whereas others compostable recyclable quicker disintegration.garments age well acquire patina romantic enchantment unlike wonder fascination grandeur historical ruins whereas derelict discarded rags last season eyesore nuisance first connotes majesty taste whereas second underclass waste.fast fashion one apparent reasons current unsustainable condition fashion system related temporal aspects fashion continuous stream new goods onto market popularly called fast fashion.term come signify cheap accessible ontrend clothes sourced global production chains sold chains hm zara forever etc. |
Sustainable fashion | popular fastfashion retailer called shein notably advertised social media platform tiktok one visited fastfashion websites world ships countries however many people begun question ethical sustainable shein responsible billion kilograms greenhouse gases production polyester textiles makes hundreds gallons water used one garment.fashion industry value three trillion dollars.two percent worlds gross domestic product gdp total monetary market value finished goods services produced within countrys borders specific time period.three trillion dollars majority made fast fashion.however fast aspect consumption primarily problem environment done massive scale.long fast conspicuous consumption reserved rich global impact reaching public attention seen problem. |
Sustainable fashion | fast shopping sprees haute couture seen problem rather celebrated example movies pretty woman whereas people less means shop fast fashion seen unethical problem.today speed fast fashion common across whole industry exclusive fashion replicates fast fashion chains continuous releases collections product drops quality garment necessarily translate slower pace consumption waste.releases exasperated acceleration fashion trends.microtrends lasting average years demand clothes also accelerated.fast fashion negative effects environment unethical terms production.order make clothing fast enough keep changing fashion trends clothes produced harmful ways. |
Sustainable fashion | fast clothing made synthetic fibers opposed natural fibers.synthetic fibers made using earths fossil fuels.almost sixty percent clothes made way.since people spend much money types clothes purchase frequently landfills filling quickly.sixty percent clothes made every year end landfills consumer waste almost twenty percent worlds waste constituted fashion products. |
Sustainable fashion | production types clothing also commonly exploitative factories produce fast clothing employing workers low wages exploitative environments.exploitative fast fashion production prevalent countries like china bangladesh vietnam.hard labor always around fashion industry dating back slave labor helped factories gather materials.people making clothes today suffer harsh working conditions low wages risks health safety.slow fashion slow fashion seen alternative approach fast fashion based principles slow food movement. |
Sustainable fashion | characteristics sustainable fashion match philosophies slow fashion emotional ecological ethical qualities favored uniform bland convenience minimal friction.requires changed infrastructure reduced throughput goods.categorically slow fashion neither businessasusual involving design classics.productionasusual long lead times.slow fashion vision fashion sector built different starting point. |
Sustainable fashion | slow fashion fashion concept reflects perspective respects human living conditions biological cultural diversity scarce global resources creates unique personalized products.the term slow fashion came quite organically.coined kate fletcher centre sustainable fashion following phenomena slow food movement.slow food movement fletcher saw need slower pace fashion industry.slow fashion challenges growth fashions obsession massproduction globalized style.becomes guardian diversity changes power relations fashion creators consumers therefore forging new relationships trust possible smaller scales.fosters heightened state awareness design process impacts resource flows workers communities ecosystems.slow fashion often consists durable products traditional production techniques design concepts strive seasonless last aesthetically materially longer periods time. |
Sustainable fashion | impact slowness aims affect many points production chain.workers textile industry developing countries slow fashion means higher wages.endusers slow fashion means goods designed manufactured greater care highquality products.environmental point view means less clothing industrial waste removed use following transient trends.emphasis put durability emotionally materially aesthetically andor services prolong uselife garments. |
Sustainable fashion | new ideas product innovations constantly redefining slow fashion using static single definition would ignore evolving nature concept.examples stability expression long times abundant history dress least ethnic folk dress ritual coronation robes clerical dress uniforms vatican guard.emphasis slowness branding thus approach specific niche market westerneducated middleclass since become dominated fast models.one earliest brands gained global fame explicit focus slow fashion anglojapanese brand people tree embraces concept ethical trade manufactures products accordance ethical commerce standards supports local producers craftsmen developing countries.people tree brand known first fashion receive world fair trade organization product label demonstrating dedication fair trade environment.addition adopting ethical trade brand also prefers use naturefriendly materials textile products gots certification local natural recyclable material.the concept slow fashion however without controversies imperative slowness mandate emerging position privilege. |
Sustainable fashion | stop consuming fast fashion strikes lowincome consumers whose means access trends cheap accessible goods.already high position society afford slow cement status position way resent told stay lower rungs status hierarchy.prestige slowness allows cultural signifier already social positions preserve time money take easy enjoy pleasures reflection meditate moral superiority.another obstacle slow fashion paradigm facing related consumers behavior towards consumption fashion specifically clothing.fact sustainabilityconscious consumers usually take account social environmental implications purchases may experience attitudebehavior gap preventing change consumption habits comes choosing ethical clothing.purchasing fashion still perceived action connected social status still strongly emotionally driven. |
Sustainable fashion | garment use lifespan environmental impact fashion also depends much long garment used.fast fashion trend garments tend used half much compared years ago.due inferior quality fabrics used also result significant increase collections released fashion industry.typically garment used daily years less impact garment used quickly discarded.studies shown washing drying process pair classic jeans responsible almost twothirds energy consumed whole jeans life underwear total energy use comes laundry processes. |
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