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List of Dexter characters | dexter eventually finds kills freebo scene crime miguel prado finds dexter killing tool.dexter tells prado selfdefense prado admits dexter going kill freebo himself.meanwhile police search freebo stymied people associated killed.teegan campbell jelly howie drugaddicted girlfriend freebo.dexter witnesses falling freebo teegan initially goes kill freebo.teegan found dead piece skin cut considered jane doe dexter recognizes her. |
List of Dexter characters | teegan assumed debra strawberry rich college girl pays drugs sex.helps dexter locate apartment surprisingly finds freebo hiding out.killing freebo dexter surreptitiously feeds clues debra lead teegans identity link freebo.debra initially dexter assumes freebo teegans killer though reality actually killed george washington king aka skinner.wendell owens marc john jefferies yearold boy served doorman freebo.debra finds questions process establishing friendly relationship boy. |
List of Dexter characters | short time later owens found latest victim skinner unlike previous victims died skinning process strangulation debra takes personally.murder leads debra conclusion skinner tracking investigation using leads find freebo.javier garza ray santiago pimp debra pressures information freebo.javier soon found dead skin peeled assumed freebo killed him.however dexter killed freebo javier died police eventually figure freebo likely killed javier teegan.later revealed javier killed skinner.mario estorga jerry zatarain tree trimmer illegal nicaraguan immigrant. |
List of Dexter characters | family would rather get deported divulge information skinner.debra puts trimmed trees driveway make think skinner come house tells storage unit highway.nathan marten jason kaufman pedophile approaches astor dexter rita kids shopping grocery store.later beach dexter sees marten taking pictures astor.initially hesitant kill marten satisfy code harry killer dexter strangles becomes apparent marten eventually try rape astor.possibly murderer dexter take least shown taking blood slide sample him.ethan turner larry sullivan married wealthy women killed took money assets. |
List of Dexter characters | ethan killed least two wives.miguel prado tried prosecute could supposedly due lack evidence.miguel brought frustrations case dexters attention investigated well decided seek ethan bimini.upon boarding cruise ship ethan trapped ethan room killed dismembered got ship.miguels office later received fax reporting ethan reported missing told coast guard dexter said fishing knew immediately dexter killed ethan. |
List of Dexter characters | miguel confronted dexter revealed deliberately mentioned ethan dexter hope would avenge ethans victims justice system failed.seized opportunity miguel expressed admiration respect dexter achieving vigilantism failed legally.clemson galt blake gibbons neonazi murdered girlfriend getting pregnant well family aryan defector.found guilty killings associates frightened killed witnesses.however found guilty unrelated armed robbery sentenced years maximum security prison.dexter suggests galt miguel prado target intending scare prado showing difficulty risk project. |
List of Dexter characters | dexters surprise prado brings galt miami courthouse expert witness releases him.dexter posing fellow neonazi picks capture kill him.dexter says galt top ten list people kill years never got opportunity although could lie order sell miguel prado onto idea.albert chung pushed old woman stairs escaped prosecution help ellen wolf.afterwards breaks house discovered young college student named lisa morton kills flees.identified vince masuka left bloody sock prints crime scene something done numerous times before. |
List of Dexter characters | wolf tries get charges lessened well several benefits.however later helps turn police.masuka shows hatred towards states gives asians bad name even dexter observes masuka chung look strikingly similar.billy fleeter jeff chase exfootball player gave sports gambling.running serious debts pays helping bookie kill others cannot pay debts.dexter uses fleeter help train miguel prado trade. |
List of Dexter characters | shows miguel research victims sure deserve killed meet code harry dexters case.also reveals miguel stalk subdue victims well kill leave traces behind.however says best place hide body open grave cemetery mention using boat.fleeter killed miguel prado old casino storage room.toby edwards vincent pagano bartender ellen wolf hit went bar flirted back later day calls several times goes around house.answer killed miguel prado. |
List of Dexter characters | toby later taken questioning lt. laguertas prime suspect vented emotions quinn finds alibi toby tips saw suv time there.leads maría suspecting miguel ellen wolfs death.tammy okama jane mclean party organizer hired dexters coworkers organize bachelor party.party masuka spend night together.sense humor resembles masukas attends dexters ritas wedding date.even seen mentioned since season three finale masuka dance wedding reception. |
List of Dexter characters | minor characters season marty alexander lewis runs food truck police department frequent coffee sandwiches.benito gomez gino aquino former boxer beaten two people death point disfiguration.fatigued dexter set testify forensic evidence gomezs trial brings wrong evidence leading gomez freed.result joey quinn upset dexter.dexter later catches kills gomez abandoned boxing ring.first victim season . |
List of Dexter characters | initially appears though dexter crashes car gomez body parts trunk later revealed dexter stored gomez body parts boxing ring killed gomez.zoey kruger christina cox policewoman shot killed husband daughter hid crime killing suspect.kruger finds dexter stalking initially suspicious motive reopen murder case.explains family life forced kill family.dexter notices similarity realizes would rather get caught kill family.also realizes surprise want lose family. |
List of Dexter characters | kills her.high school sweethearts nikki wald alicia lagano johnny rose pair robbers target tourists shoot uncooperative.laguerta batista approach suspects house questioning vacation murderers shoot them.fourth episode season suspected gunning detective debra morgan former fbi special agent frank lundy actually committed christine hill sergeant angel batista decides reveal press one killers named johnny rose syphilis numerous partners.within hours news spread around miami.revelation information designed create dissension vacation murderers thus making easier catch. |
List of Dexter characters | johnny rose gunned female partner crime shot three times chest.shortly found street gun hand high meth nervous breakdown.tasered detective joey quinn taken custody.wald confessed vacation murders robberies insisted kill lundy shoot debra.jonathan farrow greg ellis contemporary artist photographer enjoyed subjects slightly beaten cut creating violent photos disturbed even dexter.also accused rape seven years charges dropped victim recanted however lead detective believed paid off. |
List of Dexter characters | arm one models found alligator farrow becomes prime suspect murder several others.despite harrys demands focus trinity dexter considers farrow potential victim.farrow suggests photographing debra like models dexter immediately decides kill him.finding blood fingernail dead model studio dexter sets find club quinn interfere.camping cody next night dexter instead heads farrows house kills typical style albeit using farrows equipment much dramatic kill room. |
List of Dexter characters | even strapped farrow maintains innocence defending work contrast beauty violence.next morning dexters shock farrows assistant timothy brand portrayed john griffin arrested murders airtight evidence.revelation left harry greatly disappointed dexter dexter feeling could described guilt killing wrong person.farrow innocent fifth person dexter killed fit code harry vetted killers others camilla marten famosa brothers though unlike previous four dexter entirely sure farrow killer time.valerie hodges mary mara one harry morgans many lovers.romantic relationship harry left doris morgan. |
List of Dexter characters | debra tracks asks harry.initially remember much later remembers address one lovers turns laura mosers old house leads debra discovering dexters brother ice truck killer witnessed mothers death.scott smith jake short boy kidnapped babysitter mall arthur mitchell.father nick portrayed roger ranney arranges manhunt.rescued dexter arthur got kill him.later debras interview scott experience helped police identify arthur trinity killer.stan beaudry ian patrick williams trucker allegedly murdered prostitute never arrested due contamination chain evidence alleged murder weapon police. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter sets primary suspect trinity killer miami pd closing kills truck.kill done hastily scant evidence lacking even picture beaudrys victim dexter acknowledges.later police track movements beaudry city city truck routes find trinity killers post cards daughter christine.clears beaudry trinity killer finding rock solid alibis including hundreds miles scene trinity killings time murders.determined correctly dna murder weapon lundys files planted attributed real trinity killer evidence actually planted dexter. |
List of Dexter characters | minor characters season ray walker adam john harrington fbi agent investigating ritas death ties trinity killer.quinn asks safehouse mitchell family ask questions kyle butler.rankin brad carter dexters first kill following ritas death.however murder harrys code rather act rage.dexter roaming miami outskirts meets fuel dock store — rankin taunts dexters dead wife — dexter responds beating death.done thoughts harry appear saying slaughter first human thing seen dexter since ritas death. |
List of Dexter characters | dexters third known inadvertent killing.the barrel girl gang rapingkilling circle folds main target dexter season .circle responsible kidnapping raping killing twelve women lumen intended thirteenth victim.victims initially held captive campgrounds raped first victim later attic boyd fowler.famous author motivational speaker jordan chase revealed driving force circle consists childhood friends.five men appear photo taken first rape victim emily birch. |
List of Dexter characters | members circle begin disappear debra deduces latest victim escaped exacting vengeance possible help man loves her.debra eventually arrives camp finds vigilante couple reality dexter lumen hidden behind opaque plastic sheeting therefore unseen spares advises disappear police arrive.boyd fowler shawn hatosy works roadkill pickup.dexter first targets spots blood van used move ritas home.fowler serves circles finisher i.e.one responsible finally killing dumping victims. |
List of Dexter characters | m.o.electrocute putting bodies oil drum filled formaldehyde dumping drums florida marsh.since boyd tranquilized dexter initial attempt kill dexter kills boyd home realize watched circles last victim lumen boyd yet finish off.boyd kept locks hair trophies victims.however took killed women these. |
List of Dexter characters | plus cole thirteen dvds leads debra conclude victim circle escaped killing members.dan mendell sean obryan dentist called dan dentist dexter lumen debra first circle tracked lumen boyds death.attempts kill shooting manages wound him.able handle situation calls dexter initially believe mendell fact one abusers due fact recognized smell.however dexter proven wrong mendell manages phone friends warning lumen alive.dexter responds snapping mendells neck. |
List of Dexter characters | married man able keep wife dark activities claiming friends never met going weeklong fishing trip.cole harmon chris vance jordan chases head security well part circle.lumen refers suit tie since habit folding coat placing chair would rape well rapist remove blindfold sure woman would killed.also tortured leaving scars back.encounters lumen hotel seminar nearly kills dexter subdues him.killed dexter lumen witness. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter killed asked names others cole refused say.death however lead conversation chase dexter dexter realizes chase one men this.cole kept videos circle torturing raping victims trophies.alex tilden scott grimes bank employee saved piece jewelry victims.last circle tracked dexter lumen identified emily birch.attempt save alex states real blame lies jordan chase claiming one made assault women chase made things never would done enraging lumen tells made things never would done. |
List of Dexter characters | claims give chase rebuffed dexter.final attempt stay alive offers money give number.lumen coldly replies thirteen reference dvd number thirteenth victim.killed lumen per code harry.jim mccord raphael sbarge works internal affairs investigates angel possible assault coworker.investigation dropped angel starts believing mccord laguerta affair. |
List of Dexter characters | accidentally ruins undercover operation walks hotel room assumes find sleeping together.mccord maria furious him.brothers carlos marco fuentes joseph julian soria jose aguirre become first proper suspects santa muerte murder investigation.debra leads storming fuentes brothers apartment complex finds carlos holding teenage boy hostage machete—the kind weapon used santa muerte killings.carlos escapes building slitting boys throat.boy survives fuente brothers gone offgrid. |
List of Dexter characters | thanks tip acquaintance fuentes brother police track local dance club called club mayan.however´ arrest fails miserably leaving carlos two additional people dead marco run.lance robinson chad allen man cruising internet sexual encounters men occasionally killing well.hoping first normal killing since ritas death dexter drugs him.however able finish robinson interrupted phone call lumen shot dan mendell.dex attending lumen mendell robinson regains consciousness tries escape. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter recaptures kills manages stage robinsons mendells deaths sexual encounter gone hand.emily birch angela bettis first victim jordan chases circle.according story victimized assailants still teenagers let live still distant relationship chase.also one take picture circle raped.controlled chase set lumen dexter trap.however chase kills protests killing lumen. |
List of Dexter characters | minor characters season lisa marshall molly parker travis marshalls caring older sister elementary school teacher.grown apart travis able spend much time due killing doomsday killer.doomsday persona eventually takes kills lisa talking police.uses body whore babylon tableau.nick germaine de leon one brother sams employees garage.wanting remain gang part prior going prison murders brother sam prove side law on. |
List of Dexter characters | later confronted dexter intends kill brother sams wishes.nick asks forgiveness stating choice.however nick realizes police evidence tie killing subsequently gloats got away it.dexter initially willing let go goes ahead kills him.nathan roberts david monahan jogger travis marshall kills butchers resemble four horsemen apocalypse.dr.michelle ross rya kihlstedt therapist police department assigns debra involved shooting. |
List of Dexter characters | sessions debra starts believe love dexter.professor carissa porter mariana klaveno professor gellars former assistant provides miami metro insight prime suspect doomsday killers case.quinn brief affair her.holly benson lacey beeman wouldbe victim doomsday killers travis released questioning morality acts.travis acknowledged gellar figment imagination hence completely responsible doomsday killings tracks benson kills clean mistake.steve beth dorsey kyle davis jordana spiro fanatically religious couple team travis kill holly benson.dexter kills steve mistaking travis.beth later dispatched miami metro travis release wormwood poison gas. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter realizing plans locks interrogation room releases gas making victim.minor characters season wayne randall daniel buran man went killing spree imprisoned life accomplice hannah mckay agreed help police incriminate him.randall agrees help police find bodies victims though soon commits suicide.dexter suspects ploy get days sunshine frosty swirl ice cream death.ray speltzer matt gerald suspected two murders dexter believed would likely kill again.dexter investigated noting access mausoleum cemetery worked. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter found proof speltzers guilt inside it.speltzer bought girl home place killed debra broke confront him.dexter saves debra speltzer escaped.speltzer removes evidence mausoleum caught local police.debras interrogation cracks admits murdered least one girls. |
List of Dexter characters | however arresting police officers failed properly mirandize speltzers lawyer uses technicality set free.dexter enters speltzers motorhome catch speltzer offguard unexpectedly comes knocks dexter out.dexter awakes maze like previous one.manages fend speltzer escape roof.speltzer attends burial last victim makes debra lose control restrained. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter finally catches speltzer late night cemetery straps cremation bench.burns box blood slices fire.donna randall beth grant wayne randalls mother brings evidence crimes police sons death.sal price santiago cabrera investigative writer written book life story wayne randall.thought hannah mckay might involved killings previously presumed wanted write sequel her.personal investigation subject approached miami metro hoping get access case files.asks debra date later tells differences blood reports submitted prices guy dexter. |
List of Dexter characters | next day price spotted dexter dropping hannah home confronted dexter street telling knows dexter fudged blood reports.dexter managed convince price say anything exchange information wayne randall.price visited hannah work pressured give interview threatening go public relationship dexter.agreed interview condition keeps dexter book.price interviewed hannah admitted stabbing woman hotel. |
List of Dexter characters | later night price went dexters apartment find knows wayne randall.dexter confronts price plan frame murder unless backs price collapses dies apparently heart attack later revealed poisoned hannah.oleg mickic karl herlinger exsoldier one two assassins sent koshka brotherhood eliminate isaak.mickic worked isaak past isaak discovers mickic sent kill see mickic loyalty former boss mickics mind already made up.mickic sniper accustomed killing distance habit buying rifles locally.isaak recruited dexter helping dispose brotherhoods hitmen dexter tracked mickic firing range near airport mickic testing rifle. |
List of Dexter characters | mickic lying stomach precision dexter came behind stabbed torso covering mouth muffle screams.benjamin caffrey sherman augustus hitman based new york one two assassins sent koshka brotherhood eliminate isaak.caffrey killed victims close range knives.caffrey worked isaak past qualms killing former boss.caffrey unable contact mickic killed dexter caffrey begins follow dexter caffrey believed would lead isaak.caffrey begins trailing dexter leads cargo ship. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter caffrey face wielding knives either make move isaak appears behind shooting caffrey silenced pistol.dexter isaak threw caffreys body overboard.clint mckay jim beaver hannah mckays father.convicted felon gambler initially makes contact hannah reconcile past behavior.things turns nasty hannah refuses request open business actually pay gambling debts using threats exposing past murder.tries extort money dexter well dexter kills him. |
List of Dexter characters | clints death hands dexter violation code harry clint never killed anyone though dexter ignored wanted protect hannah.joseph jensen mike foy phantom arsonist.killing seven people two weeks dexter tracks runs fingerprints juvenile records.initially planned kill arsonist instead hands police department anonymously.phil bosso brett rickaby arson investigator dexter suspected phantom arsonist.however selection incendiaries turns merely civil war reenactments.arlene schram nicole laliberte witness hannah mckays crime poisoning camp counselor.later helps hannah escape prison.hector estrada nestor serrano drug dealer leader three men killed dexters mother laura moser police informant. |
List of Dexter characters | laguerta released prison parole attempt trap dexter trying prove serial killer.dexter eventually kills estrada debra shoots laguerta.dexter makes look like killed prevent police investigation him.minor characters season lyle sussman scott michael morgan hunter murdered tape brain surgeon.ron galuzzo andrew elvis miller vogels former patient dexter suspects brain surgeon.dexter discovers brain surgeon rather cannibalistic killer.niki walters dora madison burge masukas longlost daughter hires lab assistant.cassie jollenston bethany joy lenz dexters neighbor jamies friend. |
List of Dexter characters | jamie attempts set dexter doesnt work begins dating oliver saxon murders her.a.j.yates aaron mccusker vogels former patient serial killer foot fetish.max clayton kenny johnson u.s. marshal hired elway track hannah mckay.recurring background characters miami metro pd alongside main characters supporting characters members miami metro police department appear recurring basis series background characters.actors receive proper credit appearances influence storyline mainly operates background assisting characters.characters include detective angie miller portrayed dana l. wilson seventh eighth seasons show technician karen portrayed mary alyce kania first four seasons detective jake simms portrayed francisco viana first second seventh seasons detective ramos portrayed pablo soriano season two three detective weiss portrayed eli goodman season two. |
List of Dexter characters | novel characters darkly dreaming dexter characters original dexter novel darkly dreaming dexter upon tv series first season based includes characters dexter debra deborah rita laguerta first name midgia batista doakes first name albert masuka masuoka harry astor cody doris laura although unnamed brian camilla figg captain matthews mike donovan father donovan jamie jaworski nurse mary referred last nurse although different characteristics.notably ritas exhusband referred although name character appear.season one characters created exclusively television series appear novels.daryll earl mchale notable character exclusive book.arrested tamiami trail killings confessing them.dexter finds mchale security guard arena prone getting drunk robbing gas stations beating wife. |
List of Dexter characters | character separated two tv show tony tucci arena security guard neil perry confessing killings.characters subsequent novels first season largely based upon first book darkly dreaming dexter following books seasons stories develop separately.thus exceptions characters subsequent novels dearly devoted dexter dexter dark dexter design dexter delicious appear television series characters introduced seasons – appear books.kyle chutsky federal agent appears book series.former special forces operative worked alongside sgt.doakes. |
List of Dexter characters | member old unit found body parts removed doakes recognizes work former comrade dr. danco chutsky called help case.course investigation chutsky captured dr. danco.little finger wears distinctive ring amputated mailed debra.chutsky later found missing arm leg fortunately much else.dexter examining chutskys finger pockets ring intending return debra. |
List of Dexter characters | ring found rita mistakes engagement ring.dexter dark chutsky stayed deborah returned work agency due handicap.dexter delicious believing use deborah kidnapping dexter hands cannibalist coven kyle leaves deborah despite efforts unable find him.dr.danco surgeon mutilates people keeping alive.shaves patients removes everything body essential life arms legs penis teeth tongue etc. |
List of Dexter characters | leaving victims unable move communicate driving insane.procedure also involves chemicals cause brain damage.medical school learned could cut people open without feeling empathy.offered services united states military torturer.comrades included sergeant albert doakes nicknamed danco vegetable slicing machine. |
List of Dexter characters | joke dr. danco like namesake made sliced vegetables.dexter makes similar conclusion victims name revealed calling yodeling potatoes.dr. danco likes listen tito puente working victims.also plays warped version hangman subjects hangman question.covert operation el salvador turned enemy exchange several prisoners. |
List of Dexter characters | dearly devoted dexter dr. danco released goes miami looking revenge former comrades.real name revealed martin henker.at end novel dexter tracks uncharacteristically unprepared allowing danco overpower him.danco mutilate dexter however deborah bursts shoots dead.randy macgregor real estate agent rapes murders young boys.takes boys boat equipped toys childrens movies finished ties bodies anchors drops overboard.keeps several photos victims. |
List of Dexter characters | confronted photos says dexter hope one yours.red cowboy boot worn photographer one picture shows dexter macgregor accomplice.appears dearly devoted dexter.steve reiker pedophile photographs young boys randy mcgregor rapes murders.dexter wishes kill cannot sgt.doakes keeps following him. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter finally able kill end dearly devoted dexter.carl serial killer murdered people captured harry morgan.catching teenaged dexter trying kill school bully harry introduces carl teach importance getting caught.carl appears dexter dark.also appears season harry took teenage dexter execution teach importance getting caught.exhilarating experience teenage dexter learns importance getting caught.the watcher single person group cultists worshiping ancient god moloch. |
List of Dexter characters | believe spirit moloch jumps one person another.watcher tails dexter refers dexter dark believing dexters dark passenger child enemy god.it—introduced dexter dark—is mythical godlike entity existed since beginning time several similarities dark passenger.story explained somewhat biblical tone.takes great pleasure entering creatures passenger influencing kill creatures.works create murderous entities similar soon turns many causing flee. |
List of Dexter characters | offspring go war victorious.remaining children stay hiding fearing power.manny borque conceited caterer appears dexter dark.hired high price cater dexter ritas wedding.claims booked two years advance.contractual loophole manny able make whatever wants charge whatever price decides. |
List of Dexter characters | killed members moloch cult.makes dexter murder suspect last person see manny alive owed large amount money giving motive.the old man unnamed leader cult worships ancient god moloch.cult responsible several murders bodies burned decapitated heads replaced ceramic bull heads.wields ornate bronze dagger aramaic letters mlk moloch etched it.killed dagger wielded cody bennett end dexter dark.dr. |
List of Dexter characters | darius starzak former professor religious philosophy university krakow.fired membership illegal society cult worshipping moloch suspected string child murders.dexter shoots dead end dexter dark.alexander zander macauley son rich family owns citrus groves large ranch business dexter says dumps phosphates lake okeechobee.zander publicly hailed philanthropist employing homeless people work familys ranch.reality however zander murders disposes bodies large drums acid keeping single shoe trophy. |
List of Dexter characters | zander also connected cult moloch.looking zanders tax travel records dexter finds ranch fact idle zander takes frequent unexplained flights private jet.dexter kills much way zander kills victims even wondering take shoe souvenir.kurt wagner college student member cult moloch.responsible several murders bodies beheaded burned given ceramic bulls heads.one first victims girlfriend. |
List of Dexter characters | distinctive tattoo aramaic letters mlk back neck.found killed fashion similar victims.notably wagner shares name popular marvel comics character nightcrawler.unknown coincidental deliberate homage marvel namesake given nightcrawlers religious background demonic appearance.dr.wilkins professor university miami.attempts frame colleague murders moloch cult. |
List of Dexter characters | attempts sacrifice astor cody moloch dexter intervenes shoots head.brandon weiss character dexter design suspected stabbing deborah leaving decorated corpses miami.dexter kills partner doncevic implied romantic relationship contacted weiss evidence shows dexter killing doncevic focuses attention dexter revenge.end novel weiss kidnaps rita plans publicly kill art convention well publicly show footage dexter killing doncevic even planning use photo manipulation techniques make sure dexters face shown.dexter arrives time frees rita struggle weiss dexter overpowered saved rita hits behind causing weiss fall power saw killing him.alex doncevic victim dexters appears dexter design.dexter suspected stabbing sister deborah well displaying several decorated corpses around miami. |
List of Dexter characters | dexter feels semblance guilt learns doncevics fingerprints match ones knife stabbed deborah corpses stolen morgue rather killed.unlike show continuity features dexter killed outside code numerous occasions doncevic known victim novels violation code therefore dexters known innocent victim.lily anne morgan dexter ritas daughter books replacing harrison.dexter extremely protective deciding give nightwandering ways order raise well.however later suspects watched brother brian decides kills protect lily anne evil world.born dexter delicious. |
Economy of the Philippines | notes referencesphilippines one emerging markets rd highest economy southeast asia nominal gdp nominal following thailand indonesia.the philippines primarily considered newly industrialized country economy transition one based agriculture one based services manufacturing.gdp purchasing power parity estimated .trillion th world.the countrys primary exports include semiconductors electronic products transport equipment garments copper products petroleum products coconut oil fruits.major trading partners include japan china united states singapore south korea netherlands hong kong germany taiwan thailand.philippines named one tiger cub economies alongside indonesia malaysia vietnam thailand. |
Economy of the Philippines | currently one asias fastest growing economies.however major problems remain mainly alleviating wide income growth disparities countrys different regions socioeconomic classes reducing corruption investing infrastructure necessary ensure future growth.the philippine economy projected th largest asia th biggest world .history precolonial era s– economic history philippine islands traced back precolonial times.country composed different kingdoms thalassocracies oversaw large number merchants coming islands trade.indian arab chinese japanese merchants welcomed kingdoms mostly located riverbanks coastal ports central plains. |
Economy of the Philippines | merchants traded goods gold rice pots products.foreign merchants asides bartering also deal loansoncredit hostageexchange outright raiding filipino kingdoms.however barter system implemented time precolonial people enjoyed life filled imported goods reflected fashion lifestyle.from th century huge industry centred around manufacture trade burnay clay pots used storage tea perishables set northern philippines japanese okinawan traders.pots known rusontsukuri luzonmade japanese considered among best storage vessels used purpose keeping tea leaves rice wine fresh.hence rusontsukuri pots became sought northeast asia. |
Economy of the Philippines | philippine kiln branding symbol marked bottom rusontsukuri single baybayin letter.the people skilled agriculturists islands especially luzon great abundance rice fowl wine well great numbers carabaos deer wild boar goats.addition great quantities cotton colored clothes wax honey date palms produced natives.precolonial state caboloan pangasinan often exported deerskins japan okinawa.nation mai produced beeswax cotton true pearls tortoise shell medicinal betel nuts yuta cloth trade east asia.early sixteenth century two largest polities pasig river delta maynila tondo established shared monopoly trade chinese goods throughout rest philippine archipelago.the visayas islands home kedatuan madjaas kedatuan dapitan rajahnate cebu hand abundant rice fish cotton swine fowl wax honey. |
Economy of the Philippines | leyte said produce two rice crops year pedro chirino commented great rice cotton harvests sufficient feed clothe people.in mindanao rajahnate butuan specialized mining gold manufacture jewellery.sultanate maguindanao known raising harvesting cinnamon.sultanate lanao fishing industry lake lanao sultanate sulu lively pearldiving operations.the kingdoms ancient philippines active international trade used ocean natural highways.ancient peoples engaged longrange trading asian neighbors far west maldives far north japan.some historians even proposed also regular contacts austronesian people western micronesia area oceania rice crops tuba fermented coconut sap tradition betel nut chewing first europeans arrived there.uncanny resemblance complex body tattoos among visayans borneo also proved interesting connection borneo ancient philippines. |
Economy of the Philippines | magellans chronicler antonio pigafetta mentioned merchants ambassadors surrounding areas came pay tribute rajah sugbu cebu purpose trade.magellans crew rajah representative siam paying tribute rajah.miguel lópez de legazpi also wrote merchants luzon mindoro come cebu trade also mentioned chinese merchants regularly came luzon purpose.visayan islands earlier encounters greek traders ad.people enjoyed extensive trade contacts cultures. |
Economy of the Philippines | indians japanese arabs vietnamese cambodians thais malays indonesians traders immigrants.aside trade relations natives also involved aquaculture fishing.natives made use salambao type raft utilizes large fishing net lowered water via type lever made two crisscrossed poles.night fishing accomplished help candles made particular type resin similar copal mexico.use safe pens incubation protection small fry predators also observed method astonished spaniards time.fishing large mesh nets also used natives protect young ensure future good catches.from early late people luzon philippines referred portuguese malacca luções set many overseas communities across southeast asia participated trading ventures military campaigns burma malacca eastern timor traders mercenaries. |
Economy of the Philippines | one prominent luções regimo de raja spice magnate temenggung jawi تمڠݢوڠ governor chief general portuguese malacca.also head armada traded protected commerce indian ocean strait malacca south china sea medieval maritime principalities philippines.spanish colonial period new spain – natives slavered among tribes like lapulapu forced islands pay taxes.arrival spanish removed slavering system.miguel lopez de legazpi tlaxcaltecs mexico conquered unified islands. |
Economy of the Philippines | conquest possible result discovery trip back mexico coast agustino urdaneta.administration islas filipinas carried capitania general depended mexico capital formed new spain viceroyalty.economy islas filipinas grew spanish government inaugurated manila galleon trade system.trading ships settlers military reinforcements made voyages twice per year across pacific ocean port acapulco mexico manila philippines.cities part province new spain.this trade made city manila one major global cities world improving growth philippine economy succeeding years. |
Economy of the Philippines | trade also introduced foodstuffs maize tomatoes potatoes chili peppers chocolate pineapples mexico peru.tobacco first domesticated latinamerica introduced philippines became important cash crop filipinos.philippines also became distribution center silver mined americas high demand asia period.exchange silver manila gathered indonesian spices chinese silks indian gems exported mexico.the manila galleon system operated mexico got independence.nevertheless didnt affect economy islands.on march king charles iii spain confirmed establishment royal philippine company year charter. |
Economy of the Philippines | basquebased company granted monopoly importation chinese indian goods philippines well shipping goods directly spain via cape good hope.spanish east indies – spain lost mexico territory new spain dissolved making philippines pacific islands form spanish east indies.resulted philippines governed directly king spain captaincy general philippines pacific islands northern mariana islands guam micronesia palau governed real audiencia manila part philippine territorial governance.it made economy philippines grow people saw rise opportunities.agriculture remained largest contributor economy largest producer coffee asia well large produce tobacco.in europe industrial revolution spread great britain period known victorian age.industrialization europe created great demands raw materials colonies bringing investment wealth although unevenly distributed. |
Economy of the Philippines | governorgeneral basco opened philippines trade.previously philippines seen trading post international trade nineteenth century developed source raw materials market manufactured goods.economy philippines rose rapidly local industries developed satisfy rising demands industrializing europe.small flow european immigrants came opening suez canal cut travel time europe philippines half.new ideas government society friars colonial authorities found dangerous quickly found way philippines notably freemasons along others spread ideals american french revolutions including spanish liberalism.in royal company philippines abolished free trade formally recognized. |
Economy of the Philippines | excellent harbor manila became open port asian european north american traders.european merchants alongside chinese immigrants opened stores selling goods parts world.el banco español filipino de isabel ii bank philippine islands first bank opened philippines .in additional ports opened foreign commerce late nineteenth century three crops—tobacco abaca sugar—dominated philippine exports.first philippine republic – economy philippines insurgency first philippine republic remained throughout early years halted due break philippine–american war.nevertheless era first republic estimated gdp per capita philippines . |
Economy of the Philippines | made second richest place asia little behind japan far ahead china india .american colonial period – results economy americans mixed.initial high growth phase occurred due recovery wars spain us investment agriculture.philippines would first briefly outpace neighbors.would last growth fell behind later years. |
Economy of the Philippines | stagnation late beyond took place access us markets became restricted protectionist quotas fiscal restraints forestalled development agriculture.the growth period attributed results crash program agricultural modernization undertaken –.turn done order address growing shortfall supply rice.philippines net exporter became importer rice result wars spanish later americans reallocation labour export crops.the would mark end period relative prosperity.sugar act capped philippines sugar exports us tons per year.expenditure public infrastructure agriculture reduced payne–aldridge act stripped government customs revenue. |
Economy of the Philippines | manila hemp competing newly invented nylon.although area land cultivated agriculture still increasing rate reduced per annum.the policy far reaching consequences period peg peso dollar.enforced law .provided monetary stability foreign investment inflows lead capital invested manufacturing commercial enterprises owned foreign entities .hand overvaluation peso would negative impact foreign trade rest asia. |
Economy of the Philippines | economic policy leading independence would necessitated loosening trade links us.order achieve internationally competitive exchange rate peso dollar link would broken.much belated move true floating exchange rate led uncompetitive exports import substitution strategy remained significant currency devaluation opened opportunity reorienting towards exports.world war ii – due japanese invasion establishing unofficial second philippine republic economic growth receded food shortages occurred.prioritizing shortages food jose laurel appointed president organized agency distribute rice even though rice confiscated japanese soldiers. |
Economy of the Philippines | manila one many places country suffered severe shortages due mainly typhoon struck country november .people forced cultivate private plots produced root crops like kangkong.japanese order raise rice production country brought quickmaturing horai rice first used taiwan.horai rice expected make philippines selfsufficient rice rains prevented this.also world war ii philippines occupying japanese government issued fiat currency several denominations known japanese governmentissued philippine fiat peso.the first issue consisted denominations centavos pesos.next year brought replacement notes pesos ushered peso note soon inflationary pesos note. |
Economy of the Philippines | japanese issued pesos note.set new money printed even war became known philippines mickey mouse money due low value caused severe inflation.antijapanese newspapers portrayed stories going market laden suitcases bayong native bags made woven coconut buri leaf strips overflowing japaneseissued bills.box matches cost mickey mouse pesos.kilogram camote cost around mickey mouse pesos. |
Economy of the Philippines | inflation plagued country devaluation japanese money evidenced inflation experienced january .third philippine republic – reestablishment commonwealth country left devastated city food crisis financial crisis.year later philippines got independence america creating third philippine republic.in effort solve massive socioeconomic problems period newly elected president manuel roxas reorganized government proposed widesweeping legislative program.among undertakings third republics initial year establishment rehabilitation finance corporation would reorganized development bank philippines creation department foreign affairs organization foreign service executive order no.gi bill rights filipino veterans revision taxation laws increase government revenues.president roxas moved strengthen sovereignty proposing central bank philippines administer philippine banking system established republic act no. |
Economy of the Philippines | .in leading cashstarved government needed attend battered nation president roxas campaigned parity amendment constitution.amendment demanded philippine trade relations act bell trade act would give american citizens industries right utilize countrys natural resources return rehabilitation support united states.president approval congress proposed move nation plebiscite.the roxas administration also pioneered foreign policy republic.vice president elpidio quirino appointed secretary foreign affairs.general carlos p. romulo permanent representative philippines united nations helped shape countrys international identity newly established stage international diplomacy relations. |
Economy of the Philippines | roxas administration philippines established diplomatic ties foreign countries gained membership international entities united nations general assembly united nations educational scientific cultural organization unesco world health organization international labor organization ilo etc.when president carlos p. garcia elections administration promoted filipino first policy whose focal point regain economic independence national effort filipinos obtain major dominant participation economy.administration campaigned citizens support patronizing filipino products services implemented import currency controls favorable filipino industries.connection governments goal selfsufficiency austerity program president garcia described first state nation address work thrift productive investment efficiency aimed mobilize national savings.anti graft corrupt practices act republic act no.aimed prevent corruption promote honesty public trust. |
Economy of the Philippines | another achievement garcia administration bohlen–serrano agreement shortened term lease us military bases country previous years.president diosdado macapagal inaugural address december emphasized responsibilities goals attained new era macapagal administration.reiterated resolve eradicate corruption assured public honesty would prevail presidency.president macapagal aimed selfsufficiency promotion every citizens welfare partnership government private sector alleviate poverty providing solutions unemployment.among laws passed macapagal administration republic act no.agricultural land reform code act established land bank philippines republic act no.established emergency employment administration republic act no. |
Economy of the Philippines | established philippine veterans bank republic act no.established national cottage industries development authority nacida organize revive promote establishment local cottage industries republic act no.established philippine national railways pnr operate national railroad tramways.administration lifted foreign exchange controls part decontrol program attempt promote national economic stability growth.fourth fifth philippine republics –present marcos era – upon elected first fouryear term mid ferdinand marcos began political efforts become first philippine president elected second term launching program rapid modernization back campaign theme performance. |
Economy of the Philippines | government’s spending deficit first marcos administration higher macapagal administration .order marcos relied heavily foreign loans economists would later point period fiscal policy root problems would bring problems philippine economy late beyond.marcos first term continued economic trends established garcia macapagal administrations.asian development bank became headquartered philippines s. end first term marked philippine balance payments crisis result heavy government spending linked marcos campaign second presidential term.result economic policy began reflect preferences international monetary fund world bank.the balance payments crisis triggered broad social unrest. |
Economy of the Philippines | first three months marked protests different sectors notably students eventually became known first quarter storm.included moderate groups called political economic reforms within existing system radical groups included communist socialist groups called broad structural changes.protests first quarter storm two succeeding years sometimes became violent case january storming malacañang palace diliman commune incident february following year.marcos blamed social unrest machinations stillnew communist party philippines born year before.followed series bombings beginning plaza miranda bombing continuing year manila bombings whose perpetrators remain subject debate day. |
Economy of the Philippines | end marcos last constitutionallyallowed term approaching opposition senators exposed existence oplan sagittarius plan declare martial law extend marcoss stay office.week later issuing proclamation no.declaration suspended civil rights imposed military rule country.the gdp philippines rose martial law.growth spurred massive lending commercial banks accounting percent external debt.developing country philippines martial law one heaviest borrowers. |
Economy of the Philippines | aggressive moves seen critics means legitimizing martial law purportedly enhancing chances country global market.much money spent pumppriming improve infrastructure promote tourism.however despite aggressive borrowing spending policies philippines lagged behind southeast asia counterparts gdp growth rate per capita.country – registered average .percent growth counterparts like thailand malaysia singapore indonesia garnered mean growth . |
Economy of the Philippines | percent.lag became apparent end marcos regime attributed failures economic management brought upon staterun monopolies mismanaged exchange rates imprudent monetary policy debt management underpinned rampant corruption cronyism.said emmanuel de dios “…main characteristics distinguishing marcos years periods history trend towards concentration power hands government use governmental functions dispense economic privileges small factions private sector.”there palpable glaring examples economic mismanagement time bataan nuclear power plant bnpp located morong bataan.started bnpp supposed boost countrys competitiveness providing affordable electricity fuel industrialization job creation country.far us. |
Economy of the Philippines | billion nuclear plant suffered cost overruns engineering structural issues eventually led mothballing—without generating single watt electricity.income inequality grew era martial law poorest percent nation able contribute .percent income .percent .richest percent meanwhile took larger share income .percent . |
Economy of the Philippines | percent .trends coincided accusations cronyism marcos administration administration faced questions favoring certain companies close ruling family.according fies family income expenditure survey conducted poverty incidence philippines rose percent .percent .attributed lower real agricultural wages lesser real wages unskilled skilled laborers.real agricultural wages fell percent level real wages unskilled skilled laborers decreased onethird level. |
Economy of the Philippines | observed higher labor force participation higher incomes rich helped cushion blow mentioned problems.c. aquino administration – corazon aquino administration took economy gone sociopolitical disasters people power revolution financial commodity collapse caused overall consumer cynicism result propaganda cronies social economic unrest resulting numerous global shortages massive protests lack government transparency oppositions speculations various assassination attempts failed coups.point time countrys incurred debt marcos eras debtdriven development began crippling country slowly made philippines latinamerican east asia started experience worst recession since postwar era.most immediate efforts aquino administration directed reforming image country paying debts including governments ready writeoff possible.resulted budget cuts aggravated plight lower class jobs offered government gone.infrastructure projects including repairs halted secluded provinces turning concrete roads asphalt. |
Economy of the Philippines | privatization many government corporations catering utilities priority aquino administration led massive layoffs inflation.aquino administration persistent belief problems arose removal previous administration solved decentralization power.growth gradually began next years administration.somehow still shortlived patchy erratic recovery political situation stabilized bit.peso became competitive confidence investors gradually regained positive movements terms trade realized regional growth gradually strengthened.ramos administration – ramos administration basically served role carrier momentum reform important vehicle hastening pace liberalization openness country. |
Economy of the Philippines | administration proponent capital account liberalization made country open foreign trade investments relations.term administration bangko sentral ng pilipinas established philippines joined world trade organization free trade associations apec.also debt reduction considered issuance certain government bonds called brady bonds also came fruition .key negotiations conflicting forces mindanao actually became successful administration jose almonte one key adviser administration.by time ramos succeeded corazon aquino philippine economy already burdened heavy budget deficit.largely result austerity measures imposed standard credit arrangement international monetary fund destruction caused natural disasters eruption mt. |
Economy of the Philippines | pinatubo.hence according canlas pump priming government spending immediately ruled due deficit.ramos therefore resorted institutional changes structural policy reforms included privatization deregulation.sanctioned formation legislativeexecutive development advisory council ledac served forum consensus building part executive legislative branches important bills economic policy reform measures .the daily brownouts plagued economy also addressed enactment policies placed guaranteed rates.economy first year ramos administration suffered severe power shortage frequent brownouts lasting hours. |
Economy of the Philippines | resolve problem electric power crisis act made law together buildoperatetransfer law.twenty power plants built effect administration able eliminate power shortage problems december sustained economic growth time.the economy seemed set longrun growth shown promising growth rates .however asian crisis contagion started thailand korea started affecting philippines.prompted philippine economy plunge continuous devaluation risky ventures resulting property busts negative growth rate.remarkable feat administration however able withstand contagion effect asian crisis better anybody else neighboring countries. |
Economy of the Philippines | important administration made clear important tenets reform included economic liberalization stronger institutional foundations development redistribution political reform.perhaps important policies breakthroughs administration capital account liberalization subsequent commitments free trade associations apec afta gatt wto.liberalization opening capital opening culminated fullpeso convertibility .another breakthrough establishment bangko sentral ng pilipinas also involved reduction debts debts old central bank taken books.estrada administration – although estradas administration endure continued shocks asian crisis contagion administration also characterized administrations economic mismanagement midnight cabinets.propoor rhetoric promises drama really appalling enough administration also midnight cabinets composed drinking buddies influencing decisions daytime cabinet. |
Economy of the Philippines | cronyism big issues caused countrys image economic stability change towards worse.instead adjustments happening deterioration economy occurred.targeted revenues reached implementation policies became slow fiscal adjustments efficiently conceptualized implemented.disasters caused numerous mistakes made worse sudden entrance jueteng controversy gave rise succeeding edsa revolutions.despite controversies administration still meaningful profound policies applaud.administration presents reprise population policy involved assisting married couples achieve fertility goals reduce unwanted fertility match unmet need contraception. |
Economy of the Philippines | administration also pushed budget appropriations family planning contraceptives effort eventually stopped due fact church condemned it.administration also able implement piece overall poverty alleviation plan involved delivery social services basic needs assistance poor families.estrada administration also limited contributions agrarian reform perhaps spurred acknowledgement indeed agrarian reform also address poverty inequitable control resources.regard administration establishes program sustainable agrarian reform communitiestechnical support agrarian rural development.regional development however administration notable contributions breakthroughs. |
Economy of the Philippines | macapagalarroyo administration – arroyo administration economical standpoint period good growth rates simultaneous us due perhaps emergence overseas filipino workers ofw business process outsourcing bpo.emergence ofw bpo improved contributions ofw remittances investments growth.however fiscal deficits grew grew tax collections fell perhaps due rampant wide scale tax avoidance tax evasion incidences.fearing doomsday prophecy featuring argentina default might come fruition perhaps due sort fiscal crisis administration pushed enactment vat evat increase tax revenue address large fiscal deficits.boosted fiscal policy confidence brought economy back track again.soon afterwards political instability afflicted country economy anew abu sayyaf terrors intensifying. |
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