title stringlengths 1 105 | content stringlengths 5 58.1k |
|---|---|
List of enclaves and exclaves | residents state voted merge free state bavaria thus eliminating three bavarian enclaves.schmalkaldensuhl – world war prussian enclave within thuringia divided two prussian provinces saxony hessenassau thus composite enclave.two entities schmalkalden suhl separately exclaves respective prussian provinces.innumerable medieval enclavesin india france maintained chandannagar reported governor pondichéry enclave bengal upriver calcutta.in ireland durrow exclave county kilkenny surrounded queens county.korea –siheung county south korea exclave nowadays gwacheon gunpo uiwang since anyang separated siheung .old county siheung divided cities gunpo uiwang siheung thereby dissolving enclave.seoul enclave gyeonggi province neighbouring incheon declared special city .in norway three farmsteads øvre jøsås store jøsås lille jøsås belonged sørtrøndelag county malvik comprised two separate enclaves surrounded nordtrøndelag county stjørdal.eastern enclave °′″n °′″e consisted øvre jøsås store jøsås lille jøsås western enclave °′″n °′″e.closest distance two enclaves meters. |
List of enclaves and exclaves | sørtrøndelag nordtrøndelag merged single county january thus eliminating jøsås enclaves.in portugal two civil parishes comprised city estremoz.parish santa maria new town rural environs surrounded enclave walled old town parish santo andre.citadel inside santo andre also counterenclave belonged santa maria.two parishes united form new parish called union parishes estremoz santa maria santo andré thus ending counterenclave portugal.in russia –sheremetyevo location primary airport moscow.officially enclave city moscow ambiguity regarding association moscow oblast. |
List of enclaves and exclaves | enclave returned moscow oblast thus extinguishing it.vnukovo consisted two enclaves city moscow southwest.july new moscow created annexing additional land city including land surrounded vnukovo.two exclaves moscow city subdivision one also enclave.ustorda buryat autonomous okrug enclave exclave within irkutsk oblast merged january .aginburyat autonomous okrug enclave exclave within zabaykalsky krai merged january .in south africa eastern cape province exclave surrounded kwazulunatal province containing town umzimkulu.kwazulunatal exclave mount currie surrounded eastern cape.extinguished .switzerland –the village samnaun could initially reached road austria. |
List of enclaves and exclaves | thus village excluded swiss customs territory.exemption maintained even road built engadin valley –.before two presentday cantons appenzell ausserrhoden appenzell innerrhoden one canton appenzell enclave completely surrounded canton st. gallen.turkey –yalova exclave i̇stanbul gained provincial status .the i̇stanbul boroughs maslak ayazağa huzur part ayazağa together formed exclave şişli district split kağıthane şişli resulting law passed tbmm june .surrounded sarıyer north east beşiktaş southeast kağıthane southwest eyüp west.finally given district sarıyer passing law november .note maslak ayazağa part sarıyer passing şişli due split şişli beyoğlu .united states –maine peneexclave massachusetts .the western reserve presentday ohio peneexclave connecticut september reverted northwest territory.the following premerger louisville kentucky longer exist enclaves audubon park meadowview estates parkway village seneca gardens wellington combination kingsley strathmoor manor strathmoor village.district columbia – washington national airport built reclaimed land south side potomac river rivers highwater line marked districts boundary virginia. |
List of enclaves and exclaves | therefore site peneexclave district.since airport officially deemed part arlington county virginia exclusive federal jurisdiction administered still part district.boston corner peneexclave town mount washington massachusetts ceded new york january geographical isolation rest massachusetts part taconic range made maintaining law order difficult.princeton township surrounded borough princeton home princeton university two municipalities merged form princeton new jersey.town line new york voted secede united states legal effect welldefined borders become exclave confederate states america unrecognized either side written records ceremonially voted rejoin union .temporary enclaves exclaves sometimes land ceded temporarily another country form legal fiction.suite claridges hotel london ceded united kingdom yugoslavia june allow crown prince alexander whose parents exile born yugoslav soil though story may apocryphal exists documentary record this.to establish jurisdiction camp zeist former united states air force base netherlands temporarily declared sovereign territory united kingdom order allow pan flight bombing trial take place.in maternity ward ottawa civic hospital canada temporarily extraterritorial princess julianas daughter princess margriet would dutch parents nationality dual nationality potential birth canadian soil.dual nationality would excluded royal succession.in sender zehlendorf east germany area metres radius around radio tower construction site made exclave soviet union.soviet fighter plane earlier collided radio transmission mast facility causing collapse soviet union agreed rebuild mast. |
List of enclaves and exclaves | stricter german safety regulations would slow construction progress area declared soviet exclave duration work.potential exclaves pending international resolution crimea – invasion peninsula controversial referendum territorys ascension russian federation federal subjects republic crimea sevastopol crimea became de facto peneexclave country separated ukraine kerch strait.countries still internationally recognize peninsula fully part ukraine.hans island – two peneexclaves would created land border canada greenland latter autonomous country within kingdom denmark.negotiations canada denmark yet finalized call either condominium splitting sovereignty disputed island.island split boundary would create canadas denmarks second land border.palanca marshes – potential vennbahntype enclave moldova surrounded ukraine treaty two nations moldova transfer ukraine asphalt already done also real property . |
List of enclaves and exclaves | kilometers road portion km road odessa reni clarify sovereignty land treaty transferred ukraine.see also serbian enclaves kosovooverseas territoryroad § global connectivity notes references whyte brendan r. .waiting esquimo historical documentary study cooch behar enclaves india bangladesh revised .melbourne university melbourne doctoral dissertation.isbn .university melbourne eprints repository abstract complete reprint pdf . |
List of enclaves and exclaves | mb.chapter pages – general survey international enclaves table enclaves world since page .nies susanne .sand works.enclaves challenging metropolitan states.paris.pp. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | –.jan s. kroghs geositesmith barry cognitive geometry war p. koller k. puhl eds.current issues political philosophy justice society world order vienna hölderpichlertempsky –.evgeny vinokurov theory enclaves munich personal repec archive puducherry mapgolden dawn rose prominence greeces financial crisis becoming third popular party greek parliament .support since plunged failed enter parliament election.criminal trial leaders frequently described largest nazi trial since nuremberg lasted five years.nikolaos michaloliakos began foundations would become golden dawn published first issue rightwing promilitary junta journal name chrysi avgi.context golden dawn origins movement worked towards return rightwing military dictatorship greece.following investigation murder antifascist rapper pavlos fyssas selfidentified member michaloliakos several golden dawn mps members arrested held pretrial detention suspicion forming criminal organization. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | trial began april .golden dawn later lost remaining seats greek parliament greek legislative election.survey showed partys popularity plummeting ..previous years elections peak ..golden dawn commonly described neonazi neofascist. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | group rejects labels members expressed admiration former greek dictators ioannis metaxas th august regime – georgios papadopoulos regime colonels –.also use symbolism similar nazis also praised figures nazi germany.according academic sources group racist xenophobic partys leader openly identified nationalist racist.golden dawn also described ultranationalist support creation greater greece strongly critical european union.social issues traditionalist oppose immigration fiscal issues protectionist. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | also used rightwing populist rhetorics accused antisemitism antiislam antiturkism.on october athens court appeals announced verdicts defendants including partys political leadership.general secretary nikolaos michaloliakos six prominent members former mps charged running criminal organization.guilty verdicts charges murder attempted murder violent attacks immigrants leftwing political opponents delivered leadership sent prison.program founded golden dawn first received significant attention registered political party.time golden dawn adopted several southern balkan focused regional objectives main programme promote idea greater greece expansion greek territory southern albania northern epirus republic north macedonia southern bulgaria ultimately greeces reconquest istanbul western anatolia war turkey. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | also called push complete hellenisation greek macedonia western thrace expulsion northern greeces last remaining slavicspeaking minority socalled slavophone greeks turkishspeaking muslim minority east macedonia thrace settled ottoman period see western thrace turks.also aspire combat islam region contributing fighters greek volunteer guard helped capture srebrenica.by mids golden dawn redirected attention opposing noneuropean particularly muslim immigration mainly greek areas southern greece athens.golden dawn temporarily ceased political operations absorbed patriotic alliance.alliance turn ceased operations michaloliakos withdrew support spring .golden dawn held sixth congress march party officials announced resumption political activities. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | local elections november golden dawn got .vote municipality athens winning seat city council.neighbourhoods large immigrant communities reached .the party ran campaign may greek national elections based concerns unemployment austerity economy immigration gained large increase support greek electorate.received popular vote enough party enter hellenic parliament first time seats.following second election june reduced seats. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | result january greek national elections party became third largest parliament despite winning seats.the party hard eurosceptic also antiglobalist.national plan golden dawn outlined national plan greeces recovery financial crisis followsincrease agricultural production manufacturing.reward hard work implement meritocracy.exploit greeces oil gas precious metal reserves.audit erase part national debt deem illegal.demand german government repay loan forced upon greece axis occupation.form free trade agreements russia iran china remove red tape blocking trade.proclaim greeces exclusive economic zone.expand greeces territorial waters nautical miles defined unclos.repeal members parliaments immunity criminal prosecution arrest detention office.remove party funding obtained taxes rely instead donations.reduce size hellenic parliament members.dissolve existing plutocracy.provide tax relief investors businessmen shipowners employ greek workers move capital national banks.dismiss recruited illegally public sector result cronyism.expulsion illegal immigrants entered greece.subsidize maternity offer tax breaks young parents large families.nationalization banks received state loans.nationalization natural resources.history – december nikolaos michaloliakos group supporters launched chrysi avgi magazine.michaloliakos active farright politics many years arrested several times politically motivated offences beatings illegal possession explosive materials led discharge military.prison michaloliakos met leaders greek military junta – laid foundations golden dawn party. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | according newspaper eleftherotypia characteristics magazine organisation clearly aligned neonazism.chrysi avgi magazine ceased publication april michaloliakos joined national political union took leadership youth section.january broke away national political union founded popular national movement – golden dawn officially recognised political party .golden dawn remained largely margins farright politics macedonia naming dispute .greek newspaper eleftherotypia reported october golden dawn members attacked students athens university economics business massive demonstration use name macedonia republic macedonia.around time first farright street gangs appeared leadership giannis giannopoulos former military officer involved south african afrikaner weerstandsbeweging awb s. events golden dawn gained stable membership members giannopoulos rose within party hierarchy. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | golden dawn ran european parliament election gaining votes nationwide .votes cast.during party embraced hellenic neopagan beliefs praised twelve olympians described marxism liberalism ideological carriers judeochristianity.party went ideological changes later welcomed greek orthodox christianity.golden dawn members participated bosnian war greek volunteer guard gvg part drina corps army republika srpska.gvg volunteers present srebrenica srebrenica massacre raised greek flag ruined church fall town.spiros tzanopoulos gvg sergeant took part attack srebrenica said many greek volunteers participated war members golden dawn. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | golden dawn members gvg decorated radovan karadžić according charis kousoumvris former member golden dawn decorated later left party.in april giannopoulos represented party paneuropean convention farright nationalist parties moscow presented bust alexander great liberal democratic party russia leader vladimir zhirinovsky birthday.golden dawn participated legislative election september receiving votes nationwide .votes cast.october giannopoulos published article chrysi avgi magazine calling nationalist vigilantism immigrants liberals.prominent party member antonios androutsopoulos assaulted dimitris kousouris leftwing student activist. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | resulting media attention along internal party conflicts due poor results elections led extreme members gradually fade official party affairs.androutsopoulos finally surrendered convicted attempted murder kousouris another two leftwing activists received year prison term.rest members squad hit kousouris never legally prosecuted.march androutsopoulos appealed sentence received years finally released prison months later.meanwhile golden dawn continued hold rallies marches ran european election alliance front line party gaining votes nationwide .votes cast. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | eleftherotypia reported golden dawn members distributed homophobic flyers first pride parade held athens.– according golden dawns leader nikolaos michaloliakos party suspended autonomous political activities december clashes anarchists.golden dawn members instructed continue activism within patriotic alliance party closely linked golden dawn.former leader patriotic alliance dimitrios zaphiropoulos member golden dawns political council michaloliakos became leading member patriotic alliance.accusations patriotic alliance simply new name golden dawn. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | activities patriotic alliances members often attributed golden dawn even creating confusion.main reason golden dawns members announced withdrawal support patriotic alliance eventually led interruption golden dawns political activities.march golden dawn held sixth congress announced resumption political ideological activism.in may wordpress shut golden dawns official website blog due death threats xenia kounalaki journalist.in ilias kasidiaris member party declared admirer italian deputy prime minister matteo salvini added nonhypocritical european countries visegrad.asked muslim migrants go saudi arabia islamic countries claimed golden dawn want give priority christian asylum seekers.event greece cannot continue welcome everyone in. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | ever get power put economic migrants jail instead hosting hotspots syriza does.kasidiaris later left party form moderate greeks fatherland.in article march leader party nikolaos michaloliakos concluded way stop destruction nation fight hard order make fatherland national state greece belong greeks.during european parliament election golden dawn .vote seats .seats .greek legislative election golden dawn lost seats hellenic parliament winning . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | vote ..shortly elections one golden dawns two meps giannis lagos abandoned party refused hand seat thus leaving gd seat european parliament.on july election result party leader nikolaos michaloliakos made following statement send message enemies friends.golden dawn over.struggle nationalism continues. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | back strong streets squares fight hard bolshevism cruel capitalism coming.in september golden dawns headquarters athens closed dissolved two months partys defeat july general elections.ngo keerfa described development victory antifascist movement.partys website also became unavailable.in july michaloliakos removed athanasios konstantinou golden dawns last remaining mep party.konstantinou continues serve european parliament independent.conviction leadership october michaloliakos six party leaders convicted heading criminal organisation. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | defendants found guilty participating criminal organisation.court described convicted criminal organization dressed mantle political party.the court found michaloliakos giannis lagos ilias kasidiaris christos pappas artemios matthaiopoulos ilias panagiotaros giorgios germenis guilty charge directing criminal organization.court found sufficient evidence find rest sixtyeight defendants guilty participation criminal organization.eighteen defendants former members parliament.the court found anastasiosmarios anadiotis giorgios dimou elpidoforos kalaritis yoannis vasilios komianos konstantinos korkovilis anastasios michalaros giorgios patelis secretary nikaia battalion giorgios skalos giorgios stambelos leon tsalikis athanasios tsorvas nikolaos tsorvas aristotelis chrisafitis guilty murder pavlos fyssas.court earlier acknowledged guilt giorgios roupakias. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | activism golden dawn claimed local organisations greek cities cyprus.the party created committee national memory επιτροπή εθνικής μνήμης epitropí ethnikís mnímis organise demonstrations commemorating anniversaries certain greek national events.since committee national memory organized annual march usually january athens memory three greek officers died imia military crisis.according golden dawn european national front website march attended people although neutral sources confirmed number.committee national memory continued activities march took place january .the committee national memory organized annual rallies june thessalonica memory alexander great.police confronted participants rally forcing golden dawn patriotic alliance members leave area conflicts leftist groups. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | later day golden dawn members gathered building stateowned television channel ert held protest tried stop channel broadcasting.police surrounded building arrested golden dawn members.in september golden dawn attempted organise festival called eurofest – nationalist summer camp grounds greek summer camp.planned festival depended participation german national democratic party germany italian forza nuova romanian noua dreaptă well spanish european farright groups european national fronts festival.festival banned government.in june golden dawn sent representatives protest g convention germany together national democratic party germany european farright organisations.in june foreign policy reported midst – greek protests gangs golden dawn members increasingly seen highercrime areas athens.may bbc reported golden dawn become sort local robin hood highimmigration areas athens since party developing social program included delivery food minimal cost unfavored strata ethnic greeks. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | reported time acute social problems party offered help victims crime gained support police even sometimes referred people issues immigrants golden dawn.allegiance party expected helped.youth front golden dawns youth front distributed fliers nationalist messages athens schools organised concert series rock communism.publishes ultranationalist magazine resistance hellasantepithesi.magazine sister publication united statesbased national alliances resistance magazine. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | political representation may golden dawn took part european elections received votes .total votes..vote athens.election party first municipal council seat entered parliament first time . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | greek parliamentary elections may party received .popular vote.rerun elections june share vote .. made third largest group greece european parliament largest syrizas alliance.election results hellenic parliament european parliament one representative elected eleftherios synadinos left party .one representative elected ioannis lagos left party later year.athanasios konstantinou expelled party july . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | violence members golden dawn accused carrying acts violence hate crimes immigrants political opponents homosexuals ethnic minorities.golden dawns offices attacked repeatedly anarchists leftists clashes members golden dawn leftists unusual.in unknown suspects vandalized monastirioton synagogue memorial holocaust victims jewish cemeteries thessaloniki athens.claims golden dawns symbols present four sites.kis central board jewish communities greece coalition left movements ecology greek helsinki monitor others issued statements condemning acts.cyprus chapter golden dawn accused attacks turkish cypriots one member arrested attacking turkish cypriots . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | hooliganism october football match greece albania athens albanian supporters burnt greek flag stand.act captured broadcast extensively greek media leading series angry reactions greek nationalists foreign immigrants.specific case night october pantelis kazakos nationalist member golden dawn said felt insulted burning greek flag shot killed two people wounded seven others attack central athens.victims immigrants four wounded remain paralysed.golden dawn members feeling also insulted burning greek flag formed hooligan firm galazia stratia greek blue army. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | described fan club greek national teams goal defend greek national pride inside stadiums.reported following golden dawns official disbandment many former party members put energy promoting galazia stratia.galazia stratia closely linked golden dawn two groups shared street address.golden dawn made attempt deny connections openly praising actions galazia stratia newspaper accepting praise return firm.galazia stratia golden dawn accused various acts sportsrelated violence.september football match greece albania tirana greece lost – albanian immigrants living greece went streets athens cities celebrate victory. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | greek hooligans felt provoked violence erupted albanian immigrants various parts greece resulting murder albanian zakynthos many others injured.golden dawn galazia stratia proven directly responsible many attacks.according eleftherotypia galazia stratia members severely assaulted palestinian bangladeshi celebrations following success greek national basketball team fiba world championship.periandros case antonios androutsopoulos aka periandros prominent member golden dawn fugitive september accused attempted murder june three leftwing students – including dimitris kousouris badly injured.androutsopoulos sentenced absentia four years prison illegal weapon possession attempted murder charges still standing.the authorities failure apprehend androutsopoulos seven years prompted criticism greek media. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | article ta nea claimed periandros remained greece evaded arrest connections police.interview michalis chrisochoidis former minister public order member pasok claimed accusations unfounded blamed inefficiency greek police.allege androutsopoulos evaded arrest residing venezuela turned in.trial began september convicted september sentenced years prison.golden dawn members present trial shouting nationalist slogans reportedly hailed using nazi salute. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | imia february golden dawn planned hold annual march twelfth anniversary imia military crisis.antifascist groups organised protest order cancel march response racist attacks allegedly caused golden dawn members.golden dawn members occupied square march take place antifascists showed clashes occurred.riots followed golden dawn members seen attacking antifascists riot police nothing stop actually letting pass lines.led two people stabbed another two wounded rocks. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | allegations golden dawn members even carried police equipment golden dawns equipment carried inside police van.bomb attacks golden dawn offices september bomb exploded golden dawns offices.attack attributed farleft terrorist organization revolutionary peoples struggle ela.in november golden dawns offices attacked group anarchists molotov cocktails stones.gunshots two people claimed passing injured.according golden dawn three suspects arrested set free. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | subsequent police investigation leftovers molotov cocktails discovered golden dawns offices.golden dawn stated reason organisations disbandment.on march bomb described police moderate power detonated fifth floor office golden dawn downtown athens.twentyfive minutes prior blast unidentified caller contacted local newspaper order announce attack.targeted building surrounding area evacuated response.explosion caused substantial property damage casualties. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | office reopened april .responsibility attack claimed anarchist terrorist organization conspiracy fire nuclei.on december makeshift bomb containing dynamite exploded golden dawns office building aspropyrgos suburb athens.explosion caused significant damage two floors produced casualties.on february improvised bomb exploded regional office golden dawn piraeus.explosion subsequent fire caused material damage.next morning similar improvised bomb exploded outside offices golden dawn city larissa central greece. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | explosion caused material damage.liana kanelli assault reactions june golden dawn spokesman ilias kasidiaris slapped communist mp liana kanelli head three times live debate morning show proino ant thrown newspaper verbal abuse previous commercial break.kasidiaris subsequently locked room staff ant tv station knocked door left.greek prosecutors issued arrest warrant.golden dawn blamed kanelli incident. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | incident resulted several protests golden dawn athens greek cities.political analyst theodore couloumbis told reuters incident could cost golden dawn votes especially among women though experts opinion images violence could play favour—a facebook page dedicated kasidiaris picked likes within hours.murder pavlos fyssas september yearold man confirmed ties golden dawn arrested murder hiphop artist pavlos fyssas known killah p stabbed twice following brawl piraeus.police later raided golden dawn offices athens.party denied connections murder. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | ongoing investigation since confirmed man contact party members prior time murder.subsequent police crackdown led raids golden dawn offices arrests several party members including party leader nikolaos michaloliakos imprisoned result owning office phone telephone call alleged associated murder received.shooting golden dawn members november golden dawn members giorgos fountoulis manos kapelonis shot dead outside partys offices neo irakleio northern suburb athens.third alexandros gerontas severely injured.police described event terrorist attack. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | two weeks later anarchist terrorist group fighting peoples revolutionary powers claimed responsibility described political executions fascist members neonazi golden dawn party.migrants refugees april supporters present piraeus came conflict supporters refugees additionally chios fought police athens attacked migrants refugees there.allegations connections greek police interview eleftherotypia minister public order georgios romaios pasok alleged existence fascist elements hellenic police vowed suppress them.tv interview year romaios claimed profascist group within police force although said organized involved isolated incidents.year eleftherotypia published article outlined connections police neofascism. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | dimitris reppas pasok government spokesman strongly denied connections.however article quoted speech pasok member parliament paraskevas paraskevopoulos riot caused rightwing extremists saidin thessaloniki widely discussed farright organisations active security forces.members organisations planners chief executioners riot nobody arrested.special forces officer speaking briefing special forces policemen duty day told policemen arrest anyone rioters enemies threatened overlooked would penalties.before surrender androutsopoulos article newspaper ta nea claimed golden dawn close relationship elements greek police force.relation periandros case article quoted unidentified police officer said half force wanted periandros arrested half didnt. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | article claimed confidential internal police investigation concluded thatgolden dawn good relations contacts officers force duty well rank file police.the police provided group batons radio communications equipment mass demonstrations mainly celebrations athens polytechnic uprising rallies leftwing anarchist groups order provoke riots.periandros groups connections force largely delayed arrest.periandross brother also member golden dawn security escort unnamed new democracy mp.many golden dawn members illegally carrying assortment weapons.the newspaper published photograph typewritten paragraph identifiable insignia evidence secret investigation.minister public order michalis chrysochoidis responded recollect investigation.chrysochoidis also denied accusations farright connections within police force delayed arrest periandros.said leftist groups including ultraleft antistate resistance group november responsible several murders similarly evaded police decades.cases attributed failures stupidity incompetence force.in recent years antifascist leftwing groups claimed many golden dawns members close relationships collaborated greeces central intelligence service kyp predecessor national intelligence service accused michaloliakos working kyp s. one piece evidence published greek newspaper payslip showing names michaloliakos konstantinos plevris operating agency golden dawn claimed forgery. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | payslip supposedly signed hellenic armys officer fake proven court golden dawns complaint.in july reported nils muižnieks council europe commissioner human rights placed alleged ties greek police golden dawn scrutiny following reports greek states continued failure acknowledge problem.interview gave february ta nea muižnieks stated collected strong evidence ties police party.according political analyst paschos mandravelis lot partys backing comes police young recruits apolitical know nothing nazis hitler.golden dawn supporters allies frontline clashes riot police leftists.after greek parliamentary elections may became known one two greek police officers voted golden dawn districts.polling stations surrounding attica general police directorate athens constituency onduty police officers known voted reported slightly support party whereas civilian polling stations constituency reported support around . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | total percentage golden dawn votes athens .. police official stated support party high growing among police well branches military.a police officer suspended pending investigation seven others identified taking part golden dawn raid stalls september operated migrants openmarket missolonghi.following repeated attacks tanzanian community around amerikis square athens police failed make arrests antifascist protest held leading clashes antifascist groups golden dawn.police arrested antifascists reported police used torture detention central police headquarters athens.victims reported police threatened protesters home addresses would given golden dawn.september .members golden dawn along priests ultrareligious orthodox believers gathered outside chytirio theatre athens condemn terrence mcnallys blasphemous play corpus christi due performed there.allegedly chased beat journalist taking pictures demonstration call help went unanswered police officers present. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | according reports golden dawn lawmaker christos pappas entered police van released one four detainees october .allegations nazism party regularly described neonazi news media academic sources members frequently responsible antisemitic graffiti.the party denies official connection neonazism.although uses nazi salute salute used italian fascist german nazi movements claims draw inspiration primarily th august regime established ioannis metaxas greek nationalist leader dictator whose national youth organization later entire government adopted upon taking power.ioannis metaxas dictator greece died.the golden dawns meander symbol party sees representing bravery eternal struggle based traditional greek key seen closely resembling swastika.golden dawn symbol hitlers nsdap flag described meander black straight lines right angles greek key swastika white border red background.ilias kasidiaris spokesman golden dawn wrote article published golden dawn magazine april said would future europe whole modern world like world war ii hadnt stopped renewing route national socialism certainly fundamental values mainly derive ancient greek culture would dominant every state would define fate peoples. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | romanticism spiritual movement classicism would prevail decadent subculture corroded white man.extreme materialism would discarded giving place spiritual exaltation.article adolf hitler characterized great social reformer military genius.in article published golden dawn magazine titled hitler years editor michaloliakos showed support nazism white supremacy.specifically wrote faithful soldiers national socialist idea nothing else ... exist continue battle battle final victory race.ends article writing years later thought soul given last great battle thought soul given black red banners thought soul given memory great leader raise right hand salute sun courage compelled military honor national socialist duty shout full passion faith future visions heil hitler. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | furthermore uses capital letters pronouns referring hitler people.on august rudolf hess adolf hitlers deputy nazi party committed suicide spandau prison.following day golden dawn members distributed proclamations center athens phrase rudolf hess immortal greek rudolf hess αθανατος.in pictures taken first congress golden dawn february congress hall decorated swastika wolfsangel.there many cases golden dawn members appeared give nazi salute.founder party nikolaos michaloliakos appeared give nazi salute athens city council.claims merely salute national youth organisation ioannis metaxas.in may golden dawn ran greek elections slogan rid land filth.postelection statement leader nikolaos michaloliakos placed marble eagle obvious position desk reported similar eagle nazi third reich. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | elections eleni zaroulia golden dawn mp wore iron cross ring inauguration symbol associated nazism.picture taken september panagiotis iliopoulos another golden dawn mp tattoo nazi salute sieg heil.on july artemis matthaiopoulos member golden dawn elected mp town serres.website left.gr associated syriza reported matthaiopoulos frontman nazi punk band pogrom pointed bands song auschwitz antisemitic lyrics fuck anne frank juden raus jews out.ilias kasidiaris swastika tattooed left arm quoted book protocols elders zion speech parliament october .defending discussion whether lift parliamentary immunity assault kanelli quoted protocol order destroy prestige heroism shall send trial category theft murder every kind abominable filthy crime.golden dawns leader nikolaos michaloliakos denied existence gas chambers ovens nazi extermination camps. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | june golden dawn mp ilias kasidiaris implied stormy debate greek parliament holocaust denier.in april golden dawn mp ilias panagiotaros described hitler great personality like stalin denounced homosexuality sickness.panagiotaros also described immigrant muslims greece jihadists fanatic muslims claimed supported concept onerace nation stating talking nation one race.policy positions rejection samesex civil partnerships december golden dawn one main groups reject bill allow civil partnerships samesex couples greece.party leader nikolaos michaloliakos stated church bells toll mournfully across country.foreign affairs nikolaos michaloliakos supports revival megali idea irredentist concept guided greeces foreign policy greek defeat grecoturkish war –for two thousand years jews would say wish festivals next year jerusalem ultimately many centuries managed make reality. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | conclude wish next year constantinople smyrna trebizondthese regions past greek lands significant greek populations population exchange greece turkey s. michaloliakos criticized thessaloniki mayor yiannis boutaris wanting name street mustafa kemal atatürk born city part ottoman empire.in january group golden dawn supporters attacked car turkish consulgeneral osman i̇lhan şener komotini antiturkey protest.party members also insulted atatürk attack.golden dawn promoted hardline stance macedonia naming dispute rejecting compromise solution would include term macedonia name north macedonia basis greek macedonia entitled use name.mihaloliakos also called liberation northern epirus today part southern albania greek minority claimed greek irredentists.golden dawn cypriot counterpart elam support enosis union cyprus greece.election advertisements golden dawn depicted burning us israeli flags reflection partys strong antiamerican antizionist position.however june partys meps voted favour increased security coordination israel. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | golden dawn also staunchly eurosceptic opposing greeces participation european union eurozone.golden dawn spoken favor syrian president bashar alassad following syrian civil war.presence outside greece golden dawn aims expand globally spokesman saying party planned establish cells wherever greeks.since party opened branches germany canada montreal united states primarily astoria queens tarpon springs florida also aimed establish presence melbourne australia.leaders among greek diaspora greek orthodox church denounced groups ideology say tiny portion diaspora supports group.branch italy called alba dorata golden dawn italian formed trieste. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | see also golden dawn girls norwegian documentary farright politics greece role women patriarchal neonazi organization directed håvard bustnes .notes references reading bistis george .golden dawn democratic sunset rise far right greece.mediterranean quarterly.–. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | doi.. scid .ellinas antonis a. december .rise golden dawn new face far right greece.south european society politics.–.doi....emmanouilidis marios koukoutsaki afroditi golden dawn strategies management crisis athens futura isbn greek.georgiadou vassiliki . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | rightwing populism extremism rapid rise golden dawn crisisridden greece pdf.rightwing extremism europe country analyses counterstrategies report.berlin friedrichebertstiftung.pp.–. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | isbn .archived original pdf july .tipaldou sofia .dawning europe eurasia greek golden dawn transnational links.eurasianism european far right reshaping europe–russia relationship.lexington books. |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | pp.–.vasilopoulou sofia halikiopoulou daphne .golden dawns nationalist solution explaining rise far right greece.palgrave macmillan.isbn .tsoutsoumpis spyridon . |
Golden Dawn (Greece) | far right greece.paramilitarism organized crime rise golden dawn.comparative southeast european studies.–.doi.soeu. |
Bioinformatics | issn x. external links official websiteofficial website englishgolden dawn youth frontinterdisciplinary field science bioinformatics combines biology chemistry physics computer science information engineering mathematics statistics analyze interpret biological data.bioinformatics used silico analyses biological queries using mathematical statistical techniques.bioinformatics includes biological studies use computer programming part methodology well specific analysis pipelines repeatedly used particularly field genomics.common uses bioinformatics include identification candidates genes single nucleotide polymorphisms snps.often identification made aim better understand genetic basis disease unique adaptations desirable properties esp.agricultural species differences populations. |
Bioinformatics | less formal way bioinformatics also tries understand organizational principles within nucleic acid protein sequences called proteomics.image signal processing allow extraction useful results large amounts raw data.field genetics aids sequencing annotating genomes observed mutations.plays role text mining biological literature development biological gene ontologies organize query biological data.also plays role analysis gene protein expression regulation.bioinformatics tools aid comparing analyzing interpreting genetic genomic data generally understanding evolutionary aspects molecular biology. |
Bioinformatics | integrative level helps analyze catalogue biological pathways networks important part systems biology.structural biology aids simulation modeling dna rna proteins biomolecular interactions.history historically term bioinformatics mean means today.paulien hogeweg ben hesper coined refer study information processes biotic systems.definition placed bioinformatics field parallel biochemistry study chemical processes biological systems. |
Bioinformatics | sequences tremendous advance speed cost reduction since completion human genome project labs able sequence billion bases year full genome sequenced thousand dollars.computers became essential molecular biology protein sequences became available frederick sanger determined sequence insulin early s. comparing multiple sequences manually turned impractical.pioneer field margaret oakley dayhoff.compiled one first protein sequence databases initially published books pioneered methods sequence alignment molecular evolution.another early contributor bioinformatics elvin a. kabat pioneered biological sequence analysis comprehensive volumes antibody sequences released tai te wu .in new techniques sequencing dna applied bacteriophage ms øx extended nucleotide sequences parsed informational statistical algorithms. |
Bioinformatics | studies illustrated well known features coding segments triplet code revealed straightforward statistical analyses thus proof concept bioinformatics would insightful.goals study normal cellular activities altered different disease states biological data must combined form comprehensive picture activities.therefore field bioinformatics evolved pressing task involves analysis interpretation various types data.also includes nucleotide amino acid sequences protein domains protein structures.actual process analyzing interpreting data referred computational biology. |
Bioinformatics | important subdisciplines within bioinformatics computational biology includedevelopment implementation computer programs enable efficient access management use various types information.development new algorithms mathematical formulas statistical measures assess relationships among members large data sets.example methods locate gene within sequence predict protein structure andor function cluster protein sequences families related sequences.the primary goal bioinformatics increase understanding biological processes.sets apart approaches however focus developing applying computationally intensive techniques achieve goal.examples include pattern recognition data mining machine learning algorithms visualization.major research efforts field include sequence alignment gene finding genome assembly drug design drug discovery protein structure alignment protein structure prediction prediction gene expression protein–protein interactions genomewide association studies modeling evolution cell divisionmitosis.bioinformatics entails creation advancement databases algorithms computational statistical techniques theory solve formal practical problems arising management analysis biological data.over past decades rapid developments genomic molecular research technologies developments information technologies combined produce tremendous amount information related molecular biology. |
Bioinformatics | bioinformatics name given mathematical computing approaches used glean understanding biological processes.common activities bioinformatics include mapping analyzing dna protein sequences aligning dna protein sequences compare creating viewing models protein structures.relation fields bioinformatics science field similar distinct biological computation often considered synonymous computational biology.biological computation uses bioengineering biology build biological computers whereas bioinformatics uses computation better understand biology.bioinformatics computational biology involve analysis biological data particularly dna rna protein sequences.field bioinformatics experienced explosive growth starting mids driven largely human genome project rapid advances dna sequencing technology.analyzing biological data produce meaningful information involves writing running software programs use algorithms graph theory artificial intelligence soft computing data mining image processing computer simulation. |
Bioinformatics | algorithms turn depend theoretical foundations discrete mathematics control theory system theory information theory statistics.sequence analysis since phage φx sequenced dna sequences thousands organisms decoded stored databases.sequence information analyzed determine genes encode proteins rna genes regulatory sequences structural motifs repetitive sequences.comparison genes within species different species show similarities protein functions relations species use molecular systematics construct phylogenetic trees.growing amount data long ago became impractical analyze dna sequences manually. |
Bioinformatics | computer programs blast used routinely search sequences—as organisms containing billion nucleotides.dna sequencing sequences analyzed obtained data storage bank example genbank.dna sequencing still nontrivial problem raw data may noisy afflicted weak signals.algorithms developed base calling various experimental approaches dna sequencing.sequence assembly dna sequencing techniques produce short fragments sequence need assembled obtain complete gene genome sequences. |
Bioinformatics | socalled shotgun sequencing technique used example institute genomic research tigr sequence first bacterial genome haemophilus influenzae generates sequences many thousands small dna fragments ranging nucleotides long depending sequencing technology.ends fragments overlap aligned properly genome assembly program used reconstruct complete genome.shotgun sequencing yields sequence data quickly task assembling fragments quite complicated larger genomes.genome large human genome may take many days cpu time largememory multiprocessor computers assemble fragments resulting assembly usually contains numerous gaps must filled later.shotgun sequencing method choice virtually genomes sequenced today genome assembly algorithms critical area bioinformatics research. |
Bioinformatics | genome annotation context genomics annotation process marking genes biological features dna sequence.process needs automated genomes large annotate hand mention desire annotate many genomes possible rate sequencing ceased pose bottleneck.annotation made possible fact genes recognisable start stop regions although exact sequence found regions vary genes.the first description comprehensive genome annotation system published team institute genomic research performed first complete sequencing analysis genome freeliving organism bacterium haemophilus influenzae.owen white designed built software system identify genes encoding proteins transfer rnas ribosomal rnas sites make initial functional assignments.current genome annotation systems work similarly programs available analysis genomic dna genemark program trained used find proteincoding genes haemophilus influenzae constantly changing improving.following goals human genome project left achieve closure new project developed national human genome research institute u.s appeared. |
Bioinformatics | socalled encode project collaborative data collection functional elements human genome uses nextgeneration dnasequencing technologies genomic tiling arrays technologies able automatically generate large amounts data dramatically reduced perbase cost accuracy base call error fidelity assembly error.gene function prediction genome annotation primarily based sequence similarity thus homology properties sequences used predict function genes.fact gene function prediction methods focus protein sequences informative featurerich.instance distribution hydrophobic amino acids predicts transmembrane segments proteins.however protein function prediction also use external information gene protein expression data protein structure proteinprotein interactions. |
Bioinformatics | computational evolutionary biology evolutionary biology study origin descent species well change time.informatics assisted evolutionary biologists enabling researchers totrace evolution large number organisms measuring changes dna rather physical taxonomy physiological observations alonecompare entire genomes permits study complex evolutionary events gene duplication horizontal gene transfer prediction factors important bacterial speciationbuild complex computational population genetics models predict outcome system timetrack share information increasingly large number species organismsfuture work endeavours reconstruct complex tree life.the area research within computer science uses genetic algorithms sometimes confused computational evolutionary biology two areas necessarily related.comparative genomics core comparative genome analysis establishment correspondence genes orthology analysis genomic features different organisms.intergenomic maps make possible trace evolutionary processes responsible divergence two genomes.multitude evolutionary events acting various organizational levels shape genome evolution. |
Bioinformatics | lowest level point mutations affect individual nucleotides.higher level large chromosomal segments undergo duplication lateral transfer inversion transposition deletion insertion.ultimately whole genomes involved processes hybridization polyploidization endosymbiosis often leading rapid speciation.complexity genome evolution poses many exciting challenges developers mathematical models algorithms recourse spectrum algorithmic statistical mathematical techniques ranging exact heuristics fixed parameter approximation algorithms problems based parsimony models markov chain monte carlo algorithms bayesian analysis problems based probabilistic models.many studies based detection sequence homology assign sequences protein families.pan genomics pan genomics concept introduced tettelin medini eventually took root bioinformatics. |
Bioinformatics | pan genome complete gene repertoire particular taxonomic group although initially applied closely related strains species applied larger context like genus phylum etc.divided two parts core genome set genes common genomes study often housekeeping genes vital survival dispensableflexible genome set genes present one genomes study.bioinformatics tool bpga used characterize pan genome bacterial species.genetics disease advent nextgeneration sequencing obtaining enough sequence data map genes complex diseases infertility breast cancer alzheimers disease.genomewide association studies useful approach pinpoint mutations responsible complex diseases. |
Bioinformatics | studies thousands dna variants identified associated similar diseases traits.furthermore possibility genes used prognosis diagnosis treatment one essential applications.many studies discussing promising ways choose genes used problems pitfalls using genes predict disease presence prognosis.analysis mutations cancer cancer genomes affected cells rearranged complex even unpredictable ways.massive sequencing efforts used identify previously unknown point mutations variety genes cancer. |
Bioinformatics | bioinformaticians continue produce specialized automated systems manage sheer volume sequence data produced create new algorithms software compare sequencing results growing collection human genome sequences germline polymorphisms.new physical detection technologies employed oligonucleotide microarrays identify chromosomal gains losses called comparative genomic hybridization singlenucleotide polymorphism arrays detect known point mutations.detection methods simultaneously measure several hundred thousand sites throughout genome used highthroughput measure thousands samples generate terabytes data per experiment.massive amounts new types data generate new opportunities bioinformaticians.data often found contain considerable variability noise thus hidden markov model changepoint analysis methods developed infer real copy number changes.two important principles used analysis cancer genomes bioinformatically pertaining identification mutations exome. |
Bioinformatics | first cancer disease accumulated somatic mutations genes.second cancer contains driver mutations need distinguished passengers.with breakthroughs nextgeneration sequencing technology providing field bioinformatics cancer genomics could drastically change.new methods software allow bioinformaticians sequence many cancer genomes quickly affordably.could create flexible process classifying types cancer analysis cancer driven mutations genome.furthermore tracking patients disease progresses may possible future sequence cancer samples.another type data requires novel informatics development analysis lesions found recurrent among many tumors. |
Bioinformatics | gene protein expression analysis gene expression expression many genes determined measuring mrna levels multiple techniques including microarrays expressed cdna sequence tag est sequencing serial analysis gene expression sage tag sequencing massively parallel signature sequencing mpss rnaseq also known whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing wtss various applications multiplexed insitu hybridization.techniques extremely noiseprone andor subject bias biological measurement major research area computational biology involves developing statistical tools separate signal noise highthroughput gene expression studies.studies often used determine genes implicated disorder one might compare microarray data cancerous epithelial cells data noncancerous cells determine transcripts upregulated downregulated particular population cancer cells.analysis protein expression protein microarrays high throughput ht mass spectrometry ms provide snapshot proteins present biological sample.bioinformatics much involved making sense protein microarray ht ms data former approach faces similar problems microarrays targeted mrna latter involves problem matching large amounts mass data predicted masses protein sequence databases complicated statistical analysis samples multiple incomplete peptides protein detected. |
Bioinformatics | cellular protein localization tissue context achieved affinity proteomics displayed spatial data based immunohistochemistry tissue microarrays.analysis regulation gene regulation complex orchestration events signal potentially extracellular signal hormone eventually leads increase decrease activity one proteins.bioinformatics techniques applied explore various steps process.for example gene expression regulated nearby elements genome.promoter analysis involves identification study sequence motifs dna surrounding coding region gene.motifs influence extent region transcribed mrna. |
Bioinformatics | enhancer elements far away promoter also regulate gene expression threedimensional looping interactions.interactions determined bioinformatic analysis chromosome conformation capture experiments.expression data used infer gene regulation one might compare microarray data wide variety states organism form hypotheses genes involved state.singlecell organism one might compare stages cell cycle along various stress conditions heat shock starvation etc.. one apply clustering algorithms expression data determine genes coexpressed.example upstream regions promoters coexpressed genes searched overrepresented regulatory elements.examples clustering algorithms applied gene clustering kmeans clustering selforganizing maps soms hierarchical clustering consensus clustering methods. |
Bioinformatics | analysis cellular organization several approaches developed analyze location organelles genes proteins components within cells.relevant location components affects events within cell thus helps us predict behavior biological systems.gene ontology category cellular component devised capture subcellular localization many biological databases.microscopy image analysis microscopic pictures allow us locate organelles well molecules.may also help us distinguish normal abnormal cells e.g. |
Bioinformatics | cancer.protein localization localization proteins helps us evaluate role protein.instance protein found nucleus may involved gene regulation splicing.contrast protein found mitochondria may involved respiration metabolic processes.protein localization thus important component protein function prediction. |
Bioinformatics | well developed protein subcellular localization prediction resources available including protein subcellular location databases prediction tools.nuclear organization chromatin data highthroughput chromosome conformation capture experiments hic experiment chiapet provide information spatial proximity dna loci.analysis experiments determine threedimensional structure nuclear organization chromatin.bioinformatic challenges field include partitioning genome domains topologically associating domains tads organised together threedimensional space.structural bioinformatics protein structure prediction another important application bioinformatics. |
Bioinformatics | amino acid sequence protein socalled primary structure easily determined sequence gene codes it.vast majority cases primary structure uniquely determines structure native environment.course exceptions bovine spongiform encephalopathy mad cow disease prion.knowledge structure vital understanding function protein.structural information usually classified one secondary tertiary quaternary structure. |
Bioinformatics | viable general solution predictions remains open problem.efforts far directed towards heuristics work time.one key ideas bioinformatics notion homology.genomic branch bioinformatics homology used predict function gene sequence gene whose function known homologous sequence gene b whose function unknown one could infer b may share function.structural branch bioinformatics homology used determine parts protein important structure formation interaction proteins.technique called homology modeling information used predict structure protein structure homologous protein known. |
Bioinformatics | currently remains way predict protein structures reliably.one example hemoglobin humans hemoglobin legumes leghemoglobin distant relatives protein superfamily.serve purpose transporting oxygen organism.although proteins completely different amino acid sequences protein structures virtually identical reflects near identical purposes shared ancestor.other techniques predicting protein structure include protein threading de novo scratch physicsbased modeling.another aspect structural bioinformatics include use protein structures virtual screening models quantitative structureactivity relationship models proteochemometric models pcm.furthermore proteins crystal structure used simulation example ligandbinding studies silico mutagenesis studies.network systems biology network analysis seeks understand relationships within biological networks metabolic protein–protein interaction networks. |
Bioinformatics | although biological networks constructed single type molecule entity genes network biology often attempts integrate many different data types proteins small molecules gene expression data others connected physically functionally both.systems biology involves use computer simulations cellular subsystems networks metabolites enzymes comprise metabolism signal transduction pathways gene regulatory networks analyze visualize complex connections cellular processes.artificial life virtual evolution attempts understand evolutionary processes via computer simulation simple artificial life forms.molecular interaction networks tens thousands threedimensional protein structures determined xray crystallography protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy protein nmr central question structural bioinformatics whether practical predict possible protein–protein interactions based shapes without performing protein–protein interaction experiments.variety methods developed tackle protein–protein docking problem though seems still much work done field.other interactions encountered field include protein–ligand including drug protein–peptide.molecular dynamic simulation movement atoms rotatable bonds fundamental principle behind computational algorithms termed docking algorithms studying molecular interactions. |
Bioinformatics | others literature analysis growth number published literature makes virtually impossible read every paper resulting disjointed subfields research.literature analysis aims employ computational statistical linguistics mine growing library text resources.exampleabbreviation recognition – identify longform abbreviation biological termsnamedentity recognition – recognizing biological terms gene namesprotein–protein interaction – identify proteins interact proteins textthe area research draws statistics computational linguistics.highthroughput image analysis computational technologies used accelerate fully automate processing quantification analysis large amounts highinformationcontent biomedical imagery.modern image analysis systems augment observers ability make measurements large complex set images improving accuracy objectivity speed. |
Bioinformatics | fully developed analysis system may completely replace observer.although systems unique biomedical imagery biomedical imaging becoming important diagnostics research.examples arehighthroughput highfidelity quantification subcellular localization highcontent screening cytohistopathology bioimage informaticsmorphometricsclinical image analysis visualizationdetermining realtime airflow patterns breathing lungs living animalsquantifying occlusion size realtime imagery development recovery arterial injurymaking behavioral observations extended video recordings laboratory animalsinfrared measurements metabolic activity determinationinferring clone overlaps dna mapping e.g.sulston score highthroughput single cell data analysis computational techniques used analyse highthroughput lowmeasurement single cell data obtained flow cytometry.methods typically involve finding populations cells relevant particular disease state experimental condition. |
Bioinformatics | biodiversity informatics biodiversity informatics deals collection analysis biodiversity data taxonomic databases microbiome data.examples analyses include phylogenetics niche modelling species richness mapping dna barcoding species identification tools.ontologies data integration biological ontologies directed acyclic graphs controlled vocabularies.designed capture biological concepts descriptions way easily categorised analysed computers.categorised way possible gain added value holistic integrated analysis.the obo foundry effort standardise certain ontologies. |
Bioinformatics | one widespread gene ontology describes gene function.also ontologies describe phenotypes.databases databases essential bioinformatics research applications.many databases exist covering various information types example dna protein sequences molecular structures phenotypes biodiversity.databases may contain empirical data obtained directly experiments predicted data obtained analysis commonly both. |
Bioinformatics | may specific particular organism pathway molecule interest.alternatively incorporate data compiled multiple databases.databases vary format access mechanism whether public not.some commonly used databases listed below.comprehensive list please check link beginning subsection.used biological sequence analysis genbank uniprotused structure analysis protein data bank pdbused finding protein families motif finding interpro pfamused next generation sequencing sequence read archiveused network analysis metabolic pathway databases kegg biocyc interaction analysis databases functional networksused design synthetic genetic circuits genocad software tools software tools bioinformatics range simple commandline tools complex graphical programs standalone webservices available various bioinformatics companies public institutions.opensource bioinformatics software many free opensource software tools existed continued grow since s. combination continued need new algorithms analysis emerging types biological readouts potential innovative silico experiments freely available open code bases helped create opportunities research groups contribute bioinformatics range opensource software available regardless funding arrangements. |
Bioinformatics | open source tools often act incubators ideas communitysupported plugins commercial applications.may also provide de facto standards shared object models assisting challenge bioinformation integration.the range opensource software packages includes titles bioconductor bioperl biopython biojava biojs bioruby bioclipse emboss .net bio orange bioinformatics addon apache taverna ugene genocad.maintain tradition create opportunities nonprofit open bioinformatics foundation supported annual bioinformatics open source conference bosc since .an alternative method build public bioinformatics databases use mediawiki engine wikiopener extension.system allows database accessed updated experts field.web services bioinformatics soap restbased interfaces developed wide variety bioinformatics applications allowing application running one computer one part world use algorithms data computing resources servers parts world. |
Bioinformatics | main advantages derive fact end users deal software database maintenance overheads.basic bioinformatics services classified ebi three categories sss sequence search services msa multiple sequence alignment bsa biological sequence analysis.availability serviceoriented bioinformatics resources demonstrate applicability webbased bioinformatics solutions range collection standalone tools common data format single standalone webbased interface integrative distributed extensible bioinformatics workflow management systems.bioinformatics workflow management systems bioinformatics workflow management system specialized form workflow management system designed specifically compose execute series computational data manipulation steps workflow bioinformatics application.systems designed toprovide easytouse environment individual application scientists create workflowsprovide interactive tools scientists enabling execute workflows view results realtimesimplify process sharing reusing workflows scientists andenable scientists track provenance workflow execution results workflow creation steps.some platforms giving service galaxy kepler taverna ugene anduril hive.biocompute biocompute objects us food drug administration sponsored conference held national institutes health bethesda campus discuss reproducibility bioinformatics. |
Bioinformatics | next three years consortium stakeholders met regularly discuss would become biocompute paradigm.stakeholders included representatives government industry academic entities.session leaders represented numerous branches fda nih institutes centers nonprofit entities including human variome project european federation medical informatics research institutions including stanford new york genome center george washington university.it decided biocompute paradigm would form digital lab notebooks allow reproducibility replication review reuse bioinformatics protocols.proposed enable greater continuity within research group course normal personnel flux furthering exchange ideas groups.us fda funded work information pipelines would transparent accessible regulatory staff.in group reconvened nih bethesda discussed potential biocompute object instance biocompute paradigm. |
Bioinformatics | work copied standard trial use document preprint paper uploaded biorxiv.biocompute object allows jsonized record shared among employees collaborators regulators.education platforms software platforms designed teach bioinformatics concepts methods include rosalind online courses offered swiss institute bioinformatics training portal.canadian bioinformatics workshops provides videos slides training workshops website creative commons license.π project pi project also offers open source educational materials free. |
Bioinformatics | course runs low cost raspberry pi computers used teach adults school pupils.π actively developed consortium academics research staff run research level bioinformatics using raspberry pi computers π operating system.mooc platforms also provide online certifications bioinformatics related disciplines including courseras bioinformatics specialization uc san diego genomic data science specialization johns hopkins well edxs data analysis life sciences xseries harvard.university southern california offers masters translational bioinformatics focusing biomedical applications.conferences several large conferences concerned bioinformatics.notable examples intelligent systems molecular biology ismb european conference computational biology eccb research computational molecular biology recomb. |
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | see also references reading external links dictionary definition bioinformatics wiktionary learning materials related bioinformatics wikiversity media related bioinformatics wikimedia commonsbioinformatics resource portal sibpakistans actions presented contribution international war terror.clashes erupted unified pakistan armed forces central asian militant groups allied arab fighters –.foreign militants joined pakistani nonmilitary veterans afghan war west subsequently established ttp militant umbrella organizations lashkareislam.the war depleted countrys manpower resources outcomes outlined deep effect national economy since pakistan joined united statesled war terror.according ministry finance mof statistics mathematical data survey collections economy suffered direct indirect losses .billion since due role frontline state. |
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | according mofissued pakistan economic survey – pakistan never witnessed devastating social economic upheaval industry even dismemberment country direct war india .by casualty rates terrorism country whole dropped compared – even greater drops noted khyber pakhtunkhwa despite province site large massacre schoolchildren ttp terrorists december .on november pakistans minister information broadcasting fawad chaudhry said pakistani government reached agreement complete ceasefire ttp.added authorities neighbouring talibancontrolled afghanistan facilitated talks ceasefire keep extending progress negotiations.names war various names applied conflict authors historians.names used english include insurgency khyber pakhtunkhwa war northwest pakistan waziristan war war waziristan.hand political scientist farrukh saleem termed war fourth generation war g war. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.