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Windows Firewall	result rarely used.mid blaster worm attacked large number windows machines taking advantage flaws rpc windows service.several months later sasser worm something similar.ongoing prevalence worms resulted unpatched machines infected within matter minutes.incidents well criticisms microsoft active protecting customers threats microsoft decided significantly improve functionality interface windows xps builtin firewall rebrand windows firewall switched default since windows xp sp.one three profiles activated automatically network interfacepublic assumes network shared world restrictive profile.private assumes network isolated internet allows inbound connections public.
Windows Firewall	network never assumed private unless designated local administrator.domain profile least restrictive.allows inbound connections allow file sharing etc.domain profile selected automatically connected network domain trusted local computer.security log capabilities included record ip addresses data relating connections originating home office network internet.record dropped packets successful connections.used instance track every time computer network connects website.
Windows Firewall	security log enabled default administrator must enable it.windows firewall controlledconfigured com objectoriented api scriptable netsh command gui administration tool centrally group policies.features available regardless configured.versions windows neptune unreleased windows neptune firewall introduced.similar one found windows xp.windows xp windows firewall first introduced part windows xp service pack .
Windows Firewall	every type network connection whether wired wireless vpn even firewire firewall enabled default builtin exceptions allow connections machines local network.also fixed problem whereby firewall policies would enabled network connection several seconds connection created thereby creating window vulnerability.number additions made group policy windows system administrators could configure windows firewall product companywide level.xps windows firewall cannot block outbound connections capable blocking inbound ones.windows firewall turned one two significant reasons dcom activation security many corporations upgrade service pack timely fashion.around time sps release number internet sites reporting significant application compatibility issues though majority ended nothing ports needed opened firewall components distributed systems typically backup antivirus solutions could communicate.windows firewall added ipv supported predecessor internet connection firewall.note dcom problem solved moving applications dcomlabs combridge protocol.
Windows Firewall	windows vista windows vista improved firewall address number concerns around flexibility windows firewall corporate environmentthe firewall based windows filtering platform.a new management console snapin named windows firewall advanced security provides access many advanced options enables remote administration.accessed via start control panel administrative tools windows firewall advanced security running wf.mscoutbound packet filtering reflecting increasing concerns spyware viruses attempt phone home.outbound rules configured using management console.notifications shown however outbound connections.with advanced packet filter rules also specified source destination ip addresses port ranges.rules configured services service name chosen list without needing specify full path file name.ipsec fully integrated allowing connections allowed denied based security certificates kerberos authentication etc.encryption also required kind connection.improved interface managing separate firewall profiles.
Windows Firewall	ability three separate firewall profiles computers domainjoined connected private network connected public network xp sp supports two profiles—domainjoined standard.support creation rules enforcing server domain isolation policies.windows server windows windows server contains firewall windows vista.firewall windows server r windows contains improvements multiple active profiles.windows changes component windows arethe change name occurred september update known fall creators update codename redstone .firewall service mpssvc cannot stopped anymore.
Isle of Skye	see also list microsoft windows componentssecurity safety features new windows vistapersonal firewallcomparison firewalls references notes multiple vulnerabilities fixed microsoft course several months microsoft security bulletins ms ms ms cover detail.external links windows firewall advanced security microsoft technetislands peninsulas radiate mountainous hub dominated cuillin rocky slopes provide dramatic mountain scenery country.although sgitheanach suggested describe winged shape definitive agreement exists names origins.the island occupied since mesolithic period history occupied various times celtic tribes including picts gaels scandinavian vikings notably powerful integrated norsegaels clans macleod macdonald.island considered norwegian suzerainty treaty perth transferred control scotland.thcentury jacobite risings led breakingup clan system later clearances replaced entire communities sheep farms involved forced emigrations distant lands.resident numbers declined early th century closing decade th century.
Isle of Skye	skyes population increased .third residents gaelic speakers although numbers decline aspect island culture remains important.the main industries tourism agriculture fishing forestry.skye part highland council local government area.islands largest settlement portree also capital known picturesque harbour.links various nearby islands ferry available since mainland road bridge.
Isle of Skye	climate mild wet windy.abundant wildlife includes golden eagle red deer atlantic salmon.local flora dominated heather moor nationally important invertebrate populations live surrounding sea bed.skye provided locations various novels feature films celebrated poetry song.etymology first written references island roman sources ravenna cosmography refers scitis scetis found map ptolemy.
Isle of Skye	one possible derivation comes skitis early celtic word winged may describe islands peninsulas radiate mountainous centre.subsequent gaelic norse englishspeaking peoples influenced history skye relationships names island straightforward.various etymologies proposed winged isle notched isle definitive solution found date place name may earlier nongaelic language.in norse sagas skye called skíð example hákonar saga hákonarsonar skaldic poem heimskringla around contains line translates hunger battlebirds filled skye blood foemen killed.island also referred norse skuy misty isle skýey skuyö isle cloud.traditional gaelic name teilean sgitheanach island skye teilean sgiathanach recent less common spelling.
Isle of Skye	donald munro high dean isles wrote sky ile callit ellan skiannach irish say inglish wyngit ile reason mony wyngis pointis lyand furth fra throw dividing thir foirsaid lochis.meaning gaelic name unclear.eilean cheò means island mist translation norse name poetic gaelic name island.geography km sq mi skye secondlargest island scotland lewis harris.coastline skye series peninsulas bays radiating centre dominated cuillin hills gaelic cuiltheann.malcolm slesser suggested shape sticks west coast northern scotland like lobsters claw ready snap fish bone harris lewis w. h. murray commenting irregular coastline stated skye miles km long might breadth beyond ingenuity man state.martin martin native island reported length publication.
Isle of Skye	geological observations included note thatthere marcasites black white resembling silver ore near village sartle likewise place several stones bigness shape c. resemble nutmegs many rivulets afford variegated stones colours.applesglen near lochfallart agate growing different sizes colours green outside pale sky colour strike fire well flint one shape bigness proper sword handle.stones purple colour flow rivulets great rains.the black cuillin mainly composed basalt gabbro include munros provide dramatic challenging mountain terrain scotland.ascent sgùrr ghreadaidh one longest rock climbs britain inaccessible pinnacle peak scotland requires technical climbing skills reach summit.nearby sgùrr alasdair meanwhile tallest mountain scottish island.
Isle of Skye	hills make demands hill walker exceed others found scotland full traverse cuillin ridge may take – hours.red hills gaelic binnean dearg east also known red cuillin.mainly composed granite weathered rounded hills many long scree slopes flanks.highest point hills glamaig one two corbetts skye.the northern peninsula trotternish underlain basalt provides relatively rich soils variety unusual rock features.kilt rock named columnar structure metre ft cliffs said resemble pleats kilt.
Isle of Skye	quiraing spectacular series rock pinnacles eastern side main spine peninsula south rock pillar old man storr.view quiraing old man storr one iconic scotland frequently used calendars tourism guides brochures.beyond loch snizort west trotternish waternish peninsula ends ardmore points double rock arch.duirinish peninsula separated waternish loch dunvegan contains island isay.ringed sea cliffs reach metres feet west waterstein head northwest biod athair metre summit trig pillar cliffs drop feet metres ocean.oolitic loam provides good arable land main valley.
Isle of Skye	lochs bracadale harport island wiay lie duirinish minginish includes narrower defiles talisker glen brittle whose beaches formed black basaltic sands.strathaird relatively small peninsula close cuillin hills crofting communities island soay lies offshore.bedrock sleat south torridonian sandstone produces poor soils boggy ground although lower elevations relatively sheltered eastern shores enable lush growth hedgerows crops.islands raasay rona scalpay pabay lie north east skye mainland.towns villages portree north base trotternish largest settlement estimated population main service centre island.
Isle of Skye	december report recommended village skyes best home base visitors since hotels hostels bedandbreakfasts town bbs line roads town.village also banks churches cafes restaurants cinema aros centre swimming pool library ... petrol filling stations supermarkets.broadford location islands airstrip east side island dunvegan northwest well known castle nearby three chimneys restaurant.thcentury stein inn waternish coast oldest pub skye.kyleakin linked kyle lochalsh mainland skye bridge spans narrows loch alsh.uig port ferries outer hebrides west trotternish peninsula edinbane dunvegan portree.
Isle of Skye	much rest population lives crofting townships scattered around coastline.climate influence atlantic ocean gulf stream create mild oceanic climate.temperatures generally cool averaging .°c .°f january .
Isle of Skye	°c .°f july duntulm trotternish.snow seldom lies sea level frosts less frequent mainland.winds limiting factor vegetation.southwesterlies common speeds kmh mph recorded.
Isle of Skye	high winds especially likely exposed coasts trotternish waternish.common islands west coast scotland rainfall generally high – mm – per annum elevated cuillin wetter still.variations considerable north tending drier south.broadford example averages mm rain per annum.trotternish typically hours bright sunshine may sunniest month.
Isle of Skye	december temperature reached °c beating previous december record .°c set .may temperature .°c .°f recorded lusa southeast island.
Isle of Skye	history prehistory mesolithic huntergatherer site dating seventh millennium bc corran staffin one oldest archaeological sites scotland.occupation probably linked rock shelter sand applecross mainland coast wester ross tools made mudstone corran found.surveys area two shores inner sound sound raasay revealed sites potentially mesolithic deposits.finds bloodstone microliths foreshore orbost west coast island near dunvegan also suggest mesolithic occupation.tools probably originated nearby island rùm.
Isle of Skye	similarly bloodstone rum baked mudstone staffin area found mesolithic site camas daraich also seventh millennium bc point sleat led archaeologists believe mesolithic people skye would travel fairly significant distances least km land sea.rubha dùnain uninhabited peninsula south cuillin variety archaeological sites dating neolithic onwards.second thirdmillennium bc chambered cairn iron age promontory fort remains another prehistoric settlement dating bronze age nearby.loch na hairde peninsula linked sea artificial viking canal may date later period norse settlement.dun ringill ruined iron age hill fort strathaird peninsula fortified middle ages may become seat clan mackinnon.early history late iron age inhabitants northern western hebrides probably pictish although historical record sparse.
Isle of Skye	three pictish symbol stones found skye fourth raasay.known kingdom dál riata south adomnáns life columba written shortly portrays saint visiting skye baptised pagan leader using interpreter adomnán thought familiar island.irish annals record number events skye later seventh early eighth centuries – mainly concerning struggles rival dynasties formed background old irish language romance scéla cano meic gartnáin.legendary hero cú chulainn said trained isle skye warrior woman scáthach.the norse held sway throughout hebrides th century treaty perth .however apart placenames little remains presence skye written archaeological record.apart name skye prenorse placenames seem obliterated scandinavian settlers.
Isle of Skye	viking heritage celtic heritage claimed clan macleod.norse tradition celebrated winter fire festival dunvegan replica viking long boat set alight.clans scottish rule powerful clans skye post–norse period clan macleod originally based trotternish clan macdonald sleat.following disintegration lordship isles clan mackinnon also emerged independent clan whose substantial landholdings skye centred strathaird.clan macneacail also long association trotternish th century many macinnes clan moved sleat.
Isle of Skye	macdonalds south uist bitter rivals macleods attempt former murder churchgoers trumpan retaliation previous massacre eigg resulted battle spoiling dyke .after failure jacobite rebellion flora macdonald became famous rescuing prince charles edward stuart hanoverian troops.although born south uist story strongly associated escape via skye buried kilmuir trotternish.samuel johnson james boswells visit skye meeting flora macdonald kilmuir recorded boswells journal tour hebrides.boswell wrote see dr samuel johnson great champion english tories salute miss flora macdonald isle sky sic striking sight though somewhat congenial notions improbable meet here.johnsons words flora macdonald name mentioned history courage fidelity virtues mentioned honour written gravestone.
Isle of Skye	rebellion clan system broken skye became series landed estates.of island general johnson observedi never house islands find books languages one staid long enough want except one family removed.literature neglected higher rank hebrideans.need suppose mentioned countries little frequented islands houses travellers entertained money.wanders wilds either procures recommendations whose habitations lie near way night weariness come upon takes chance general hospitality.finds cottage expect little shelter cottagers little good fortune brings residence gentleman glad storm prolong stay.
Isle of Skye	however one inn seaside sconsor sky postoffice kept.skye rich heritage ancient monuments period.dunvegan castle seat clan macleod since th century.contains fairy flag reputed inhabited single family longer house scotland.thcentury armadale castle home clan donald sleat abandoned residence hosts clan donald centre.nearby ruins two macdonald strongholds knock castle dunscaith castle called fortress shadows legendary home warrior woman martial arts instructor according sources queen scáthach.
Isle of Skye	caisteal maol fortress built late th century near kyleakin seat clan mackinnon another ruin.economic turmoil mass emigration late th century harvesting kelp became significant activity onward cheap imports led collapse industry throughout hebrides.th century inhabitants skye also devastated famine clearances.thirty thousand people evicted alone many forced emigrate new world.battle braes involved demonstration lack access land serving eviction notices.
Isle of Skye	incident involved numerous crofters police officers.event instrumental creation napier commission reported situation highlands.disturbances continued passing crofters act one occasion marines deployed skye maintain order.ruins cleared villages still seen lorgill boreraig suisnish strath swordale tusdale minginish.overview population trends many scottish islands skyes population peaked th century declined impact clearances military losses first world war.
Isle of Skye	th century skye part county invernessshire crofting economy languished according slesser generations uk governments treated island people contemptuously charge levelled labour conservative administrations policies highlands islands.population less third peak recorded figure .however number residents grew per cent thirty years .changing relationship residents land evidenced robert carrutherss remark circa village portree containing three hundred inhabitants.even estimate inexact population islands largest settlement probably increased sixfold since then.
Isle of Skye	period total number island residents declined per cent more.the islandwide population increase per cent occurred background overall reduction scottish island populations per cent period.population risen .scottish island populations whole growing .language historically skye overwhelmingly gaelicspeaking changed .censuses skye parishes per cent gaelicspeaking.
Isle of Skye	kilmuir parish threequarters gaelic speakers rest skye ranged per cent.time kilmuir area outside western isles high proportion gaelic speakers.census kilmuir half gaelic speakers overall skye per cent distributed unevenly.strongest gaelic areas north southwest island including staffin per cent.weakest areas west east e.g.
Isle of Skye	luib per cent kylerhea per cent.areas skye ranged per cent per cent.government politics terms local government skye along neighbouring mainland area lochalsh constituted local government district within highland administrative area.district included unitary highland council comhairle na gàidhealtachd based inverness formed one new councils area committees.following elections skye forms fourmember ward called eilean cheò currently represented two independents one scottish national party one liberal democrat councillor.skye highlands islands electoral region comprises part skye lochaber badenoch constituency scottish parliament elects one member first past post basis represent it.
Isle of Skye	kate forbes current msp snp.addition skye forms part wider ross skye lochaber constituency elects one member house commons westminster.present mp member parliament ian blackford scottish national party took office snps sweep general election .prior charles kennedy liberal democrat represented area since general election.economy largest employer island environs public sector accounts third total workforce principally administration education health.
Isle of Skye	secondlargest employer area distribution hotels restaurants sector highlighting importance tourism.key attractions include dunvegan castle clan donald visitor centre aros experience arts exhibition centre portree.dozen large landowners skye largest public sector scottish government owning northern part island.glendale communityowned estate duirinish sleat community trust local development trust active various regeneration projects.small firms dominate employment private sector.talisker distillery produces single malt whisky beside loch harport west coast island.
Isle of Skye	three whiskies—mac na mara son sea tè bheag nan eilean wee dram isles poit dhubh black pot—are produced blender pràban na linne smugglers den sound sleat based eilean iarmain.marketed using predominantly gaeliclanguage labels.blended whisky branded isle skye produced island glengoyne distillery killearn north glasgow though website owners ian macleod distillers ltd. boasts high proportion island malts contains advertisements tourist businesses island.also established software presence skye portreebased sitekit expanded recent years.crofting still important although crofts skye large enough enable crofter earn livelihood entirely land.recent years families complained increasing prices land make difficult young people start crofts.cod herring stocks declined commercial fishing remains important especially fish farming salmon shellfish scampi.
Isle of Skye	west coast scotland considerable renewable energy potential isle skye renewables coop recently bought stake ben aketil wind farm near dunvegan.thriving arts crafts sector.the unemployment rate area tends higher highlands whole seasonal nature part due impact tourism.population growing common many scenic rural areas scotland significant increases expected percentage population aged years.the restrictions required worldwide pandemic increased unemployment highlands islands summer .significantly higher .per cent .
Isle of Skye	rates said highest lochaber skye wester ross argyll islands.december report stated march effects pandemic noted december unemployment rate region increased suggested outlook even worse spring .tourism report published mid indicated visitors skye added £ million islands economy prior travel restrictions imposed covid pandemic.report added skye raasay attracted visitors supported jobs.government estimated tourism scotland would decline result pandemic.
Isle of Skye	skye highly vulnerable downturn international visitors continue much beyond professor john lennon glasgow caledonian university told reporter july .tourism highlands islands negatively impacted pandemic effects continued .september report stated region disproportionately impacted covid pandemic date compared scotland uk whole.industry required short term support business survival recovery expected continue sector severely impacted long physical distancing travel restrictions.scheme called island equivalent introduced scottish government early financially assist hospitality retail businesses affected level coronavirus restrictions.previous schemes included strategic framework business fund coronavirus business support fund.prior pandemic summer islanders complained excessive number tourists causing overcrowding popular locations glen brittle neist point lighthouse quiraing old man storr.
Isle of Skye	skye buckling weight increased tourism year said operator selfcatering cottage problem significant key iconic destinations like old man storr quiraing added.chris taylor visitscotland sympathised concerns said agency working longterm solution.benefits skye bringing international visitors increased spending huge added.an article published confirmed prior pandemic talisker distillery dunvegan castle still overcrowded peak periods areas parking problem due large crowds included old man storr kilt rock quiraing fairy pools neist point.source also stated portree busiest place island peak periods suggested tourists might prefer accommodations quieter areas dunvegan kyleakin broadford breakish area.transport skye linked mainland skye bridge ferries sail armadale island mallaig kylerhea glenelg crossing kyle rhea strait.
Isle of Skye	ferries also run uig tarbert harris lochmaddy north uist sconser raasay.the skye bridge opened private finance initiative high tolls charged £.way summer visitors met widespread opposition spearheaded pressure group skat skye kyle tolls.december announced scottish executive purchased bridge owners tolls immediately removed.bus services run inverness glasgow local services island mainly starting portree broadford.train services run kyle lochalsh mainland end skye bridge inverness well glasgow mallaig ferry caught armadale.the islands airfield ashaig near broadford used private aircraft occasionally nhs highland scottish ambulance service transferring patients hospitals mainland.the trunk road traverses island skye bridge uig linking major settlements.many islands roads widened past forty years although still substantial sections single track road.
Isle of Skye	culture media arts students scottish gaelic travel world attend sabhal mòr ostaig scottish gaelic college based near kilmore sleat.addition members church scotland smaller number roman catholics many residents skye belong free church scotland known strict observance sabbath.skye strong folk music tradition although recent years dance rock music growing popularity island.gaelic folk rock band runrig started skye former singer donnie munro still works island.runrigs second single concert staple entitled skye lyrics partly english partly gaelic released songs nightfall marsco inspired island.exrunrig member blair douglas highly regarded accordionist composer right born island still based day.
Isle of Skye	celtic fusion band peatbog faeries based skye.jethro tull singer ian anderson owned estate strathaird skye one time.several tull songs written skye including dun ringil broadford bazaar acres wild contains lines come winged isle northern fathers western child... reference island itself.isle skye music festival featured sets fun lovin criminals sparks collapsed .electronic musician mylo born skye.the poet sorley maclean native isle raasay lies islands east coast lived much life skye.
Isle of Skye	island immortalised traditional song skye boat song notional setting novel lighthouse virginia woolf although skye novel bears little relation real island.john buchans descriptions skye featured richard hannay novel mr standfast true life.diari di rubha hunis italian language work nonfiction davide sapienza.international bestseller ice twins k tremayne published around world – set southern skye especially around settlement islands isleornsay.skye used location number feature films.ashaig aerodrome used opening scenes film flash gordon.
Isle of Skye	stardust released starring robert de niro michelle pfeiffer featured scenes near uig loch coruisk quiraing.another film seachd inaccessible pinnacle shot almost entirely various locations island.justin kurzel adaption macbeth starring michael fassbender also filmed island.opening scenes ridley scotts feature film prometheus shot set old man storr.highlands islands royal tour documentary prince charless visit highlands islands directed oscar marzaroli shot partly skye.
Isle of Skye	scenes scottish gaeliclanguage bbc alba television series bannan filmed island.the west highland free press published broadford.weekly newspaper takes motto tìr cànan na daoine land language people reflects radical campaigning priorities.free press founded circulates skye wester ross outer hebrides.shinty popular sport played throughout island portreebased skye camanachd camanachd cup .whilst skye unofficial flags past including popular bratach nan daoine flag people design represented cuillins sky blue white sky symbolising gaelic language land struggle fairy flag dunvegan island received first official flag bratach eilein skye flag approved lord lyon public vote august .design calum alasdair munro reflects islands gaelic heritage viking heritage history flora macdonald.
Isle of Skye	flag birlinn canton five oars representing five areas skye trotternish waternish duirinish minginish sleat.yellow represents macleods blue macdonalds mackinnons.wildlife hebrides generally lack biodiversity mainland britain like larger islands skye still wide variety species.observing abundance game birds martin wrotethere plenty land water fowl isle—as hawks eagles two kinds one grey larger size much less black destructive young cattle black cock heathhen plovers pigeons wild geese ptarmigan cranes.latter sort seen sixty shore flock together.
Isle of Skye	sea fowls malls kinds—coulterneb guillemot sea cormorant c. natives observe latter perfectly black makes good broth flesh worth eating cormorant hath white feathers makes good broth flesh good food broth usually drunk nurses increase milk.similarly samuel johnson noted thatat tables stranger received neither plenty delicacy wanting.tract land thinly inhabited must much wildfowl scarcely remember seen dinner without them.moorgame every had.sea abounds fish needs told supplies great part europe.isle sky stags roebucks hares.
Isle of Skye	sell numerous droves oxen yearly england therefore cannot supposed want beef home.sheep goats great numbers common domestic fowls.in modern era avian life includes corncrake redthroated diver kittiwake tystie atlantic puffin goldeneye golden eagle.eggs last breeding pair whitetailed sea eagle uk taken egg collector skye species recently reintroduced.chough last bred island .mountain hare apparently absent th century rabbit abundant preyed upon wild cat pine marten.
Isle of Skye	rich fresh water streams contain brown trout atlantic salmon water shrew.offshore edible crab edible oyster also found latter especially sound scalpay.nationally important horse mussel brittlestar beds sea lochs bed million flame shells found survey loch alsh.grey seals seen southern coast.heather moor containing ling bell heather crossleaved heath bog myrtle fescues everywhere abundant.high black cuillins weather slowly produce soil sustains rich plant life main peninsulas individual flora.
Isle of Skye	basalt underpinnings trotternish produce diversity arctic alpine plants including alpine pearlwort mossy cyphal.lowlying fields waternish contain corn marigold corn spurry.sea cliffs duirinish boast mountain avens fir clubmoss.minginish produces fairy flax catsear black bog rush.fine example brachypodiumrich ash woodland tokavaig sleat incorporating silver birch hazel bird cherry hawthorn.the local biodiversity action plan recommends land management measures control spread ragwort bracken identifies four nonnative invasive species threatening native biodiversity japanese knotweed rhododendron new zealand flatworm mink.
Isle of Skye	also identifies problems overgrazing resulting impoverishment moorland upland habitats loss native woodland caused large numbers red deer sheep.in clan macleod chief hugh macleod announced plan reintroduce native trees along beaver red squirrel populations clan estates skye view restoring wet desert landscape depleted years overgrazing.see also list islands scotlandcategorymountains hills isle skyetimeline prehistoric scotland notes citations references adomnán iona .sharpe richard ed.. life st columba.london penguin.isbn .bennet donald ed.
Isle of Skye	.munros.edinburgh scottish mountaineering trust.isbn .boswell james .carruthers robert ed.. journal tour hebrides.
Isle of Skye	london office national illustrated library.cooper derek .skye.melbourne law book co australasia.isbn .coventry martin .castles clans.
Isle of Skye	musselburgh goblinshead.isbn .fraser darling frank boyd j. morton .highlands islands.new naturalist.london collins.
Isle of Skye	first published title natural history highlands islands f. fraser darling.fraser james e. .caledonia pictland scotland .new edinburgh history scotland.vol.i. edinburgh edinburgh university press.
Isle of Skye	isbn .gammeltoft peder scandinavian namingsystems hebrides – way understanding scandinavians contact gaels picts ballin smith beverley taylor simon williams gareth eds..west sea studies scandinavian seaborne expansion settlement .leiden brill.isbn .haswellsmith hamish .
Isle of Skye	scottish islands.edinburgh canongate.isbn .highland biodiversity project .skye lochalsh biodiversity action plan pdf.convention biological diversity.
Isle of Skye	retrieved december .hunter james .last free history highlands islands scotland.edinburgh mainstream.isbn .jennings andrew kruse arne one coast – three peoples names ethnicity scottish west early viking period woolf alex ed..
Isle of Skye	scandinavian scotland – twenty years after.st andrews st andrews university press.isbn .johnson samuel .journey western islands scotland.london chapman dod.johnstone scott brown hamish bennet donald .
Isle of Skye	corbetts scottish hills.edinburgh scottish mountaineering trust.isbn .mcgoodwin james r. .understanding cultures fishing communities key fisheries management food security.fisheries technical paper.
Isle of Skye	vol..rome food agriculture organization.isbn .martin martin .description western islands scotland.
Isle of Skye	appin regimentappin historical society.archived original march .retrieved march .first printed andrew bell others london.murray w.h..
Isle of Skye	hebrides.london heinemann.murray w.h..islands western scotland.london eyre methuen.
Isle of Skye	isbn .sellar william david hamilton maclean alasdair .highland clan macneacail macnicol history nicolsons scorrybreac.lochbay waternish maclean press.isbn x.slesser malcolm .island skye.
Isle of Skye	edinburgh scottish mountaineering trust.isbn .westland ella .cornwall cultural construction place.penzance patten press association institute cornish studies university exeter.isbn .
AN/PYQ-10	external links official website isle skye lochalsh raasay north west scotlandskye wikivoyagean historical perspective skye ordnance gazetteer scotland survey scottish topography statistical biographical historical edited francis h. groome.originally published provided online gazetteer scotland.skye photosskye floraskye birding guideskl designed built ralph osterhout sold sierra nevada corporation software developed science applications international corporation saic auspices united states army.intended supplement eventually replace ancyz data transfer device dtd.pyq provides functions currently resident cyz incorporates new features provide streamlined management comsec key electronic protection ep data signal operating instructions soi.cryptographic functions performed embedded kov card developed national security agency nsa.anpyq supports ds ds interfaces well ksd crypto ignition key.
AN/PYQ-10	skl backwardcompatible existing end cryptographic units ecu forwardcompatible future security equipment systems including nsas key management infrastructure.between u.s. army budget included funds skl units.estimated price fy each.released may price each.price includes unit internal encryptor card.references sierra nevada skl spec sheet us army weapons system handbook
Embedded system	embedded part complete device often including electrical electronic hardware mechanical parts.embedded system typically controls physical operations machine embedded within often realtime computing constraints.embedded systems control many devices common use today.estimated ninetyeight percent microprocessors manufactured used embedded systems.modern embedded systems often based microcontrollers i.e.microprocessors integrated memory peripheral interfaces ordinary microprocessors using external chips memory peripheral interface circuits also common especially complex systems.
Embedded system	either case processors used may types ranging general purpose specialized certain class computations even custom designed application hand.common standard class dedicated processors digital signal processor dsp.since embedded system dedicated specific tasks design engineers optimize reduce size cost product increase reliability performance.embedded systems massproduced benefiting economies scale.embedded systems range size portable personal devices digital watches mp players bigger machines like home appliances industrial assembly lines robots transport vehicles traffic light controllers medical imaging systems.often constitute subsystems machines like avionics aircraft.large installations like factories pipelines electrical grids rely multiple embedded systems networked together.
Embedded system	generalized software customization embedded systems programmable logic controllers frequently comprise functional units.embedded systems range low complexity single microcontroller chip high multiple units peripherals networks may reside equipment racks across large geographical areas connected via longdistance communications lines.history background origins microprocessor microcontroller traced back mos integrated circuit integrated circuit chip fabricated mosfets metaloxidesemiconductor fieldeffect transistors developed early s. mos chips reached higher transistor density lower manufacturing costs bipolar chips.mos chips increased complexity rate predicted moores law leading largescale integration lsi hundreds transistors single mos chip late s. application mos lsi chips computing basis first microprocessors engineers began recognizing complete computer processor system could contained several mos lsi chips.the first multichip microprocessors fourphase systems al garrett airesearch mp developed multiple mos lsi chips.first singlechip microprocessor intel released .developed federico faggin using silicongate mos technology along intel engineers marcian hoff stan mazor busicom engineer masatoshi shima.
Embedded system	development one first recognizably modern embedded systems apollo guidance computer developed ca.charles stark draper mit instrumentation laboratory.projects inception apollo guidance computer considered riskiest item apollo project employed newly developed monolithic integrated circuits reduce computers size weight.an early massproduced embedded system autonetics guidance computer minuteman missile released .minuteman ii went production replaced new computer represented first highvolume use integrated circuits.since early applications embedded systems come price dramatic rise processing power functionality.early microprocessor intel released designed calculators small systems still required external memory support chips.
Embedded system	early memory input output system components integrated chip processor forming microcontroller.microcontrollers find applications generalpurpose computer would costly.cost microprocessors microcontrollers fell prevalence embedded systems increased.today comparatively lowcost microcontroller may programmed fulfill role large number separate components.microcontrollers became feasible replace even consumer products expensive knobbased analog components potentiometers variable capacitors updown buttons knobs read microprocessor.although context embedded system usually complex traditional solution complexity contained within microcontroller itself.
Embedded system	additional components may needed design effort software.software prototype test quicker compared design construction new circuit using embedded processor.applications embedded systems commonly found consumer industrial automotive home appliances medical telecommunication commercial military applications.telecommunications systems employ numerous embedded systems telephone switches network cell phones end user.computer networking uses dedicated routers network bridges route data.consumer electronics include mp players television sets mobile phones video game consoles digital cameras gps receivers printers.household appliances microwave ovens washing machines dishwashers include embedded systems provide flexibility efficiency features.advanced hvac systems use networked thermostats accurately efficiently control temperature change time day season.
Embedded system	home automation uses wired wirelessnetworking used control lights climate security audiovisual surveillance etc.use embedded devices sensing controlling.transportation systems flight automobiles increasingly use embedded systems.new airplanes contain advanced avionics inertial guidance systems gps receivers also considerable safety requirements.various electric motors — brushless dc motors induction motors dc motors — use electronic motor controllers.automobiles electric vehicles hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded systems maximize efficiency reduce pollution.
Embedded system	automotive safety systems using embedded systems include antilock braking system abs electronic stability control escesp traction control tcs automatic fourwheel drive.medical equipment uses embedded systems monitoring various medical imaging pet singlephoton emission computed tomography spect ct mri noninvasive internal inspections.embedded systems within medical equipment often powered industrial computers.embedded systems used safetycritical systems.unless connected wired wireless networks via onchip g cellular methods iot monitoring control purposes systems isolated hacking thus secure.fire safety systems designed greater ability handle higher temperatures continue operate.dealing security embedded systems selfsufficient able deal cut electrical communication systems.miniature wireless devices called motes networked wireless sensors.
Embedded system	wireless sensor networking makes use miniaturization made possible advanced ic design couple full wireless subsystems sophisticated sensors enabling people companies measure myriad things physical world act information monitoring control systems.motes completely selfcontained typically run battery source years batteries need changed charged.characteristics embedded systems designed specific task rather generalpurpose computer multiple tasks.also realtime performance constraints must met reasons safety usability others may low performance requirements allowing system hardware simplified reduce costs.embedded systems always standalone devices.many embedded systems consist small parts within larger device serves general purpose.
Embedded system	example gibson robot guitar features embedded system tuning strings overall purpose robot guitar course play music.similarly embedded system automobile provides specific function subsystem car itself.the program instructions written embedded systems referred firmware stored readonly memory flash memory chips.run limited computer hardware resources little memory small nonexistent keyboard screen.user interfaces embedded systems range user interface systems dedicated one task complex graphical user interfaces resemble modern computer desktop operating systems.simple embedded devices use buttons leds graphic character lcds hd lcd example simple menu system.
Embedded system	sophisticated devices use graphical screen touch sensing screenedge soft keys provide flexibility minimizing space used meaning buttons change screen selection involves natural behavior pointing desired.some systems provide user interface remotely help serial e.g.rs network e.g.ethernet connection.approach extends capabilities embedded system avoids cost display simplifies bsp allows designers build rich user interface pc.good example combination embedded http server running embedded device ip camera network router.
Embedded system	user interface displayed web browser pc connected device.processors embedded systems examples properties typical embedded computers compared generalpurpose counterparts low power consumption small size rugged operating ranges low perunit cost.comes price limited processing resources.numerous microcontrollers developed embedded systems use.generalpurpose microprocessors also used embedded systems generally require support circuitry microcontrollers.readymade computer boards pc pc examples standards readymade computer boards intended small lowvolume embedded ruggedized systems.
Embedded system	mostly xbased often physically small compared standard pc although still quite large compared simple bit embedded systems.may use dos linux netbsd embedded realtime operating system rtos microcosii qnx vxworks.in certain applications small size power efficiency primary concerns components used may compatible used generalpurpose x personal computers.boards via epia range help bridge gap pccompatible highly integrated physically smaller attributes making attractive embedded engineers.advantage approach lowcost commodity components may used along software development tools used general software development.systems built way still regarded embedded since integrated larger devices fulfill single role.
Embedded system	examples devices may adopt approach atms arcade machines contain code specific application.however readymade embedded systems boards pccentered use isa pci busses.systemonachip processor involved may little benefit standardized bus connecting discrete components environment hardware software tools may different.one common design style uses small system module perhaps size business card holding high density bga chips armbased systemonachip processor peripherals external flash memory storage dram runtime memory.module vendor usually provide boot software make sure selection operating systems usually including linux realtime choices.modules manufactured high volume organizations familiar specialized testing issues combined much lower volume custom mainboards applicationspecific external peripherals.prominent examples approach include arduino raspberry pi.
Embedded system	asic fpga soc solutions system chip soc contains complete system consisting multiple processors multipliers caches even different types memory commonly various peripherals like interfaces wired wireless communication single chip.often graphics processing units gpu dsps included chips.socs implemented applicationspecific integrated circuit asic using fieldprogrammable gate array fpga typically reconfigured.asic implementations common veryhighvolume embedded systems like mobile phones smartphones.asic fpga implementations may used notsohighvolume embedded systems special needs kind signal processing performance interfaces reliability like avionics.peripherals embedded systems talk outside world via peripherals asserial communication interfaces sci rs rs rs etc.synchronous serial interface ic spi ssc essi enhanced synchronous serial interfaceuniversal serial bus usbmedia cards sd cards compactflash etc.network interface controller ethernet wifi etc.fieldbuses bus linbus profibus etc.timers phaselocked loops programmable interval timersgeneral purpose inputoutput gpioanalogtodigital digitaltoanalog convertersdebugging jtag insystem programming background debug mode interface port bitp db ports.
Embedded system	tools software embedded system designers use compilers assemblers debuggers develop embedded system software.however may also use specific toolsin circuit debuggers emulators see next section.utilities add checksum crc program embedded system check program valid.for systems using digital signal processing developers may use computational notebook simulate mathematics.systemlevel modeling simulation tools help designers construct simulation models system hardware components processors memories dma interfaces buses software behavior flow state diagram flow diagram using configurable library blocks.simulation conducted select right components performing power vs. performance tradeoffs reliability analysis bottleneck analysis.typical reports help designer make architecture decisions include application latency device throughput device utilization power consumption full system well devicelevel power consumption.a modelbased development tool creates simulates graphical data flow uml state chart diagrams components like digital filters motor controllers communication protocol decoding multirate tasks.custom compilers linkers may used optimize specialized hardware.an embedded system may special language design tool add enhancements existing language forth basic.another alternative add rtos embedded operating systemmodeling code generating tools often based state machinessoftware tools come several sourcessoftware companies specialize embedded marketported gnu software development toolssometimes development tools personal computer used embedded processor close relative common pc processoras complexity embedded systems grows higherlevel tools operating systems migrating machinery makes sense.example cellphones personal digital assistants consumer computers often need significant software purchased provided person manufacturer electronics.
Embedded system	systems open programming environment linux netbsd osgi embedded java required thirdparty software provider sell large market.debugging embedded debugging may performed different levels depending facilities available.considerations include slow main application close debugged system application actual system application expressive triggers set debugging e.g.inspecting memory particular program counter value reached inspected debugging process memory memory registers etc..from simplest sophisticated debugging techniques systems roughly grouped following areasinteractive resident debugging using simple shell provided embedded operating system e.g.forth basicexternal debugging using logging serial port output trace operation using either monitor flash using debug server like remedy debugger even works heterogeneous multicore systems.an incircuit debugger icd hardware device connects microprocessor via jtag nexus interface.
Embedded system	allows operation microprocessor controlled externally typically restricted specific debugging capabilities processor.an incircuit emulator ice replaces microprocessor simulated equivalent providing full control aspects microprocessor.a complete emulator provides simulation aspects hardware allowing controlled modified allowing debugging normal pc.downsides expense slow operation cases times slower final system.for soc designs typical approach verify debug design fpga prototype board.tools certus used insert probes fpga rtl make signals available observation.used debug hardware firmware software interactions across multiple fpga capabilities similar logic analyzer.softwareonly debuggers benefit need hardware modification carefully control record order conserve time storage space.unless restricted external debugging programmer typically load run software tools view code running processor start stop operation.view code may hll sourcecode assembly code mixture both.because embedded system often composed wide variety elements debugging strategy may vary.
Embedded system	instance debugging software microprocessor centric embedded system different debugging embedded system processing performed peripherals dsp fpga coprocessor.increasing number embedded systems today use one single processor core.common problem multicore development proper synchronization software execution.case embedded system design may wish check data traffic busses processor cores requires lowlevel debugging signalbus level logic analyzer instance.tracing realtime operating systems often supports tracing operating system events.
Embedded system	graphical view presented host pc tool based recording system behavior.trace recording performed software rtos special tracing hardware.rtos tracing allows developers understand timing performance issues software system gives good understanding highlevel system behaviors.reliability embedded systems often reside machines expected run continuously years without errors cases recover error occurs.therefore software usually developed tested carefully personal computers unreliable mechanical moving parts disk drives switches buttons avoided.specific reliability issues may includethe system cannot safely shut repair inaccessible repair.
Embedded system	examples include space systems undersea cables navigational beacons borehole systems automobiles.the system must kept running safety reasons.limp modes less tolerable.often backups selected operator.examples include aircraft navigation reactor control systems safetycritical chemical factory controls train signals.the system lose large amounts money shut telephone switches factory controls bridge elevator controls funds transfer market making automated sales service.a variety techniques used sometimes combination recover errors—both software bugs memory leaks also soft errors hardwarewatchdog timer resets computer unless software periodically notifies watchdog subsystems redundant spares switched software limp modes provide partial functiondesigning trusted computing base tcb architecture ensures highly secure reliable system environmenta hypervisor designed embedded systems able provide secure encapsulation subsystem component compromised software component cannot interfere subsystems privilegedlevel system software.encapsulation keeps faults propagating one subsystem another thereby improving reliability.
Embedded system	may also allow subsystem automatically shut restarted fault detection.immunityaware programming help produce reliable embedded systems code variety guidelines industry standards misra cc available assist developers.guidelines coding rules aim assist developers produce reliable portable firmware number different ways typically advising mandating coding practices may lead runtime errors memory leaks invalid pointer uses use runtime checks exception handling rangesanity checks dividebyzero buffer index validity checks default cases logic checks loop bounding production humanreadable well commented well structured code avoiding language ambiguities may lead compilerinduced inconsistencies sideeffects expression evaluation ordering recursion certain types macro.rules often used conjunction code static checkers andor bounded model checking functional verification purposes also assist determination code timing properties.high vs. low volume high volume systems portable music players mobile phones minimizing cost usually primary design consideration.engineers typically select hardware “good enough” implement necessary functions.for lowvolume prototype embedded systems generalpurpose computers may adapted limiting programs replacing operating system rtos.
Embedded system	embedded software architectures national electrical manufacturers association released standard programmable microcontrollers including almost computerbased controllers single board computers numerical eventbased controllers.there several different types software architecture common use today.simple control loop design software simply loop.loop calls subroutines manages part hardware software.hence called simple control loop control loop.interruptcontrolled system embedded systems predominantly controlled interrupts.
Embedded system	means tasks performed system triggered different kinds events interrupt could generated example timer predefined frequency serial port controller receiving byte.these kinds systems used event handlers need low latency event handlers short simple.usually kinds systems run simple task main loop also task sensitive unexpected delays.sometimes interrupt handler add longer tasks queue structure.later interrupt handler finished tasks executed main loop.method brings system close multitasking kernel discrete processes.cooperative multitasking nonpreemptive multitasking system similar simple control loop scheme except loop hidden api.
Embedded system	programmer defines series tasks task gets environment “run” in.task idle calls idle routine usually called “pause” “wait” “yield” “nop” stands operation etc.the advantages disadvantages similar control loop except adding new software easier simply writing new task adding queue.preemptive multitasking multithreading type system lowlevel piece code switches tasks threads based timer connected interrupt.level system generally considered operating system kernel.depending much functionality required introduces less complexities managing multiple tasks running conceptually parallel.as code potentially damage data another task except larger systems using mmu programs must carefully designed tested access shared data must controlled synchronization strategy message queues semaphores nonblocking synchronization scheme.because complexities common organizations use rtos allowing application programmers concentrate device functionality rather operating system services least large systems smaller systems often cannot afford overhead associated generic realtime system due limitations regarding memory size performance battery life.
Embedded system	choice rtos required brings issues however selection must made prior starting application development process.timing forces developers choose embedded operating system device based upon current requirements restricts future options large extent.restriction future options becomes issue product life decreases.additionally level complexity continuously growing devices required manage variables serial usb tcpip bluetooth wireless lan trunk radio multiple channels data voice enhanced graphics multiple states multiple threads numerous wait states on.trends leading uptake embedded middleware addition rtos.
Embedded system	microkernels exokernels microkernel logical step realtime os.usual arrangement operating system kernel allocates memory switches cpu different threads execution.usermode processes implement major functions file systems network interfaces etc.in general microkernels succeed task switching intertask communication fast fail slow.exokernels communicate efficiently normal subroutine calls.hardware software system available extensible application programmers.monolithic kernels case relatively large kernel sophisticated capabilities adapted suit embedded environment.
Embedded system	gives programmers environment similar desktop operating system like linux microsoft windows therefore productive development downside requires considerably hardware resources often expensive complexity kernels less predictable reliable.common examples embedded monolithic kernels embedded linux vxworks windows ce.despite increased cost hardware type embedded system increasing popularity especially powerful embedded devices wireless routers gps navigation systems.reasonsports common embedded chip sets available.they permit reuse publicly available code device drivers web servers firewalls code.development systems start broad featuresets distribution configured exclude unneeded functionality save expense memory would consume.many engineers believe running application code user mode reliable easier debug thus making development process easier code portable.features requiring faster response guaranteed often placed hardware.additional software components addition core operating system many embedded systems additional upperlayer software components.components consist networking protocol stacks like tcpip ftp http https also included storage capabilities like fat flash memory management systems.embedded device audio video capabilities appropriate drivers codecs present system.
Embedded system	case monolithic kernels many software layers included.rtos category availability additional software components depends upon commercial offering.domainspecific architectures automotive sector autosar standard architecture embedded software.see also notes references reading john catsoulis may .designing embedded hardware nd edition.
Embedded system	oreilly.isbn .james m. conrad alexander g. dean september .embedded systems introduction using renesas rxn microcontroller.micrium.isbn .klaus elk august .
Microsoft Outlook	embedded software development internet things basics technologies best practices.isbn .external links embedded systems course mbed youtube ongoing trends cyber security embedded systems dan geer november modern embedded systems programming video course youtube ongoing embedded systems week esweek yearly event conferences workshops tutorials covering aspects embedded systems softwareworkshop embedded cyberphysical systems education workshop covering educational aspects embedded systemsthough primarily email client outlook also includes functions calendaring task managing contact managing notetaking journal logging web browsing.individuals use outlook standalone application organizations deploy multiuser software microsoft exchange server sharepoint shared functions mailboxes calendars folders data aggregation i.e.sharepoint lists appointment scheduling.microsoft released apps mobile platforms including ios android.addition windows phone devices synchronize almost outlook data outlook mobile.using microsoft visual studio developers also build custom software works outlook office components.in march microsoft announced launch series new features appeal business customers teams platform addition features introduced previous month.
Microsoft Outlook	chat collaboration module includes efficient integrated way points designed simplify group work organizations encourage organization adopt microsoft platform become goto company chatplatform.web applications outlook.com free webmail version microsoft outlook using similar user interface.originally known hotmail rebranded outlook.com .outlook web previously called exchange web connect outlook web access outlook web app web business version microsoft outlook included office exchange server exchange online.versions outlook replaced microsofts previous scheduling email clients schedule exchange client.outlook outlook offer two configurationsinternet mail aka imo mode lighter application mode specific emphasis pop imap accounts including lightweight fax application.corporate work group aka cw mode full mapi client specific emphasis microsoft exchange accounts.perpetual versions microsoft outlook include microsoft windows outlook outlook introduced new featuresautocomplete email addressescolored categories calendar itemsgroup scheduleshyperlink support email subject linesnative support outlook.com formerly hotmailimproved search functionality including ability stop search resume laterlunar calendar supportmsn messenger integrationperformance improvementspreview pane improvements including ability toopen hyperlinksrespond meeting requests anddisplay email properties without opening messagereminder window consolidates reminders appointments tasks single viewretention policies documents emailsecurity improvements including automatic blocking potentially unsafe attachments programmatic access information outlooksp introduced ability view nondigitally signed email unencrypted email plain textsp allows users to—through registry—prevent addition new email accounts creation new personal storage tablessp updates object model guard security applications access messages items.smart tags word configured default email editor.option available versions outlook word i.e.

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