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Cheetah Mobile	ipo managed morgan stanley jp morgan chase co. credit suisse group.kingsoft tencent major investors cheetah mobile holding respectively.post ipo late cheetah mobile announced entered global strategic partnership yahoo.company incorporated yahoos search native advertising platforms within apps.result cheetah mobile stated revenue generated yahoo increased percent daily within first two weeks.in february cheetah mobile cubot launched cheetahphone android .
Cheetah Mobile	marshmallow based smartphone mwc barcelona spain.acquisition august cheetah mobile announced acquisition french startup news republic million.news republic news aggregator.ad fraud accusation march cheetah mobile banned google play due scheme ad fraud resulting games removed part app deletion.products cheetah mobiles ad supported products include computer applications clean master pc – claims improve performance erasing junk files optimizing device memory.
Cheetah Mobile	premium version available recovers lost files updates drivers among claims.available pc android.cm browser – web browser based chromium claims first dualcore security browser china.games big bang – similar game numbers replaced animals.just get – puzzle players tap adjacent tiles number pop up.tapping merges position tapped.dont tap white tile – players must avoid white tiles.piano tiles dont tap white tile – sequel dont tap white tile including new gameplay songs.rolling sky fastpaced game players must roll ball different levels.tap tap dash fastpaced game players must tap keep character falling platform throughout different levels.dancing line rhythm game tap beat.arrow.io archery game ranges arenas.tap tap fish abyssrium marine aquarium game goal collect hidden fishes.mobile applications antutuarmorfly browser claims high privacy security.battery doctor – claims extend smartphone battery standby time.clean master – claims improve smartphone performance free storage space erasing junk files optimizing memory providing full protection viruses trojans malware.
Cheetah Mobile	significant controversy online whether application actually effective not.cloud space cm security cloud backup tool back users photos call logs contact information sms messages.cm backup – cloud backup service.cm browser – mobile web browser antivirus security functions.cm flashlight – ad supported flashlight app builtin compass.cm keyboard keyboard application allows customizing phones keyboard.cm launcher – launcher compatible android devices.cm locker android lockscreen app.security master – antivirus application android phones.cm security vpn free vpn application.cm speed booster android optimizer.cm swipe quick access tool easy access apps tools one hand.cm touchme assistive tool quickly access system operations apps inspired assistive touch tool ios.cm transfer file transfer tool exchange photos videos music apps offline.cm qr code bar code scanner ad supported qr code scanner tool hidden qr bar codes.file manager – popular android bought early rhythm software based haidian beijing prc .gotap data management tool claims help users manage reduce mobile data usage battery.heartbleed scanner heartbleed virus scanner application scans android operating system see device vulnerable heartbleed exploit.notification cleaner notification manager tool.quickpic gallery – photo gallery application.acquired qsupreme team .ransomware killer ransomware virus killer application claims kill malware infected android phone.simplelocker cleaner locker cleaner application performs full scan android device checks example cryptolocker virus present.claims use special antihijack solution remove infection.speed test wifi speed test tool helps scan wifi connections check security speed connection optimize speed.struts web server scanner web server scanner application scans browser history detects whether recently visited websites affected struts flaw.stubborn trojan killer mobile antivirus application claims get rid stubborn trojans cant deleted common antivirus apps.whatscall caller application free global secure calls.face account management application instant simultaneous access two exact copies applications social gaming messaging apps single device.ai artificial intelligence ai technology platform power cheetah mobile full line products.orionos – platform smart devices collaboration orionstarcheetah voicepod – voice recognition speaker based aicheetah greetbot receptionist robot deal customerscheetah friendbot educational robot childrencheetah vendbot vending machine robot commercial cheetah ads cheetah mobiles selfoperated ad platform offering wide range ad formats highperforming display native ads fullscreen vertical video.big data cheetah data global mobile big data analysis platform.
Cheetah Mobile	controversies despite popularity clean master android app reported ads promoting clean master manipulate android users deceptive tactics browsing websites within apps advertising framework.april ferenc lászló nagy sophos labs captured popup ads led clean master warning device infected virus.in july cheetah mobile encouraged users uninstall google chrome replace cheetah mobiles browser clean masters clean optimization process.practice allowed cheetah mobile gain unfair position marketplace led google crackdown.in december cheetah mobile implicated massive click fraud scheme leading google remove two apps play store.cheetah mobile denied charges.february google banned nearly apps play store including cheetah mobiles apps violating disruptive ads policy disallowed interstitial policy.as march apps made cheetah mobile along benchmarking antutu apps banned google play store.
Cheetah Mobile	references external links cheetah mobilecreator popular global mobile apps million monthly active users jan .history formation chen rui zh陳睿 current ceo bilibili founded cheetah mobile.company established merger kingsoft security chen served general manager conew image grew secondlargest internet security software provider china according iresearch.company located st yaojiayuan south rd chaoyang district beijing china.initial public offering cheetah mobile launched ipo selling million american depositary shares us per share thereby raised us million.
Cheetah Mobile	ipo managed morgan stanley jp morgan chase co. credit suisse group.kingsoft tencent major investors cheetah mobile holding respectively.post ipo late cheetah mobile announced entered global strategic partnership yahoo.company incorporated yahoos search native advertising platforms within apps.result cheetah mobile stated revenue generated yahoo increased percent daily within first two weeks.in february cheetah mobile cubot launched cheetahphone android .
Cheetah Mobile	marshmallow based smartphone mwc barcelona spain.acquisition august cheetah mobile announced acquisition french startup news republic million.news republic news aggregator.ad fraud accusation march cheetah mobile banned google play due scheme ad fraud resulting games removed part app deletion.products cheetah mobiles ad supported products include computer applications clean master pc – claims improve performance erasing junk files optimizing device memory.
Cheetah Mobile	premium version available recovers lost files updates drivers among claims.available pc android.cm browser – web browser based chromium claims first dualcore security browser china.games big bang – similar game numbers replaced animals.just get – puzzle players tap adjacent tiles number pop up.tapping merges position tapped.dont tap white tile – players must avoid white tiles.piano tiles dont tap white tile – sequel dont tap white tile including new gameplay songs.rolling sky fastpaced game players must roll ball different levels.tap tap dash fastpaced game players must tap keep character falling platform throughout different levels.dancing line rhythm game tap beat.arrow.io archery game ranges arenas.tap tap fish abyssrium marine aquarium game goal collect hidden fishes.mobile applications antutuarmorfly browser claims high privacy security.battery doctor – claims extend smartphone battery standby time.clean master – claims improve smartphone performance free storage space erasing junk files optimizing memory providing full protection viruses trojans malware.
Cheetah Mobile	significant controversy online whether application actually effective not.cloud space cm security cloud backup tool back users photos call logs contact information sms messages.cm backup – cloud backup service.cm browser – mobile web browser antivirus security functions.cm flashlight – ad supported flashlight app builtin compass.cm keyboard keyboard application allows customizing phones keyboard.cm launcher – launcher compatible android devices.cm locker android lockscreen app.security master – antivirus application android phones.cm security vpn free vpn application.cm speed booster android optimizer.cm swipe quick access tool easy access apps tools one hand.cm touchme assistive tool quickly access system operations apps inspired assistive touch tool ios.cm transfer file transfer tool exchange photos videos music apps offline.cm qr code bar code scanner ad supported qr code scanner tool hidden qr bar codes.file manager – popular android bought early rhythm software based haidian beijing prc .gotap data management tool claims help users manage reduce mobile data usage battery.heartbleed scanner heartbleed virus scanner application scans android operating system see device vulnerable heartbleed exploit.notification cleaner notification manager tool.quickpic gallery – photo gallery application.acquired qsupreme team .ransomware killer ransomware virus killer application claims kill malware infected android phone.simplelocker cleaner locker cleaner application performs full scan android device checks example cryptolocker virus present.claims use special antihijack solution remove infection.speed test wifi speed test tool helps scan wifi connections check security speed connection optimize speed.struts web server scanner web server scanner application scans browser history detects whether recently visited websites affected struts flaw.stubborn trojan killer mobile antivirus application claims get rid stubborn trojans cant deleted common antivirus apps.whatscall caller application free global secure calls.face account management application instant simultaneous access two exact copies applications social gaming messaging apps single device.ai artificial intelligence ai technology platform power cheetah mobile full line products.orionos – platform smart devices collaboration orionstarcheetah voicepod – voice recognition speaker based aicheetah greetbot receptionist robot deal customerscheetah friendbot educational robot childrencheetah vendbot vending machine robot commercial cheetah ads cheetah mobiles selfoperated ad platform offering wide range ad formats highperforming display native ads fullscreen vertical video.big data cheetah data global mobile big data analysis platform.
Cheetah Mobile	controversies despite popularity clean master android app reported ads promoting clean master manipulate android users deceptive tactics browsing websites within apps advertising framework.april ferenc lászló nagy sophos labs captured popup ads led clean master warning device infected virus.in july cheetah mobile encouraged users uninstall google chrome replace cheetah mobiles browser clean masters clean optimization process.practice allowed cheetah mobile gain unfair position marketplace led google crackdown.in december cheetah mobile implicated massive click fraud scheme leading google remove two apps play store.cheetah mobile denied charges.february google banned nearly apps play store including cheetah mobiles apps violating disruptive ads policy disallowed interstitial policy.as march apps made cheetah mobile along benchmarking antutu apps banned google play store.
Data Protection API	references external links cheetah mobiletheory data protection api enable symmetric encryption kind data practice primary use windows operating system perform symmetric encryption asymmetric private keys using user system secret significant contribution entropy.detailed analysis dpapi innerworkings published bursztein et al.for nearly cryptosystems one difficult challenges key management part securely store decryption key.key stored plain text user access key access encrypted data.key encrypted another key needed on.dpapi allows developers encrypt keys using symmetric key derived users logon secrets case system encryption using systems domain authentication secrets.the dpapi keys used encrypting users rsa keys stored appdatamicrosoftprotectsid directory sid security identifier user.
Data Protection API	dpapi key stored file master key protects users private keys.usually bytes random data.security properties dpapi doesnt store persistent data instead simply receives plaintext returns ciphertext vice versa.dpapi security relies upon windows operating systems ability protect master key rsa private keys compromise attack scenarios highly reliant security end users credentials.main encryptiondecryption key derived users password pbkdf function.particular data binary large objects encrypted way salt added andor external userprompted password aka strong key protection required.
Data Protection API	use salt perimplementation option i.e.control application developer controllable end user system administrator.delegated access given keys use com object.enables iis web servers use dpapi.use dpapi microsoft software universally implemented microsoft products use dpapi microsoft products increased successive version windows.however many applications microsoft thirdparty developers still prefer use protection approach recently switched use dpapi.
Data Protection API	example internet explorer versions .. outlook express msn explorer used older protected storage pstore api store saved credentials passwords etc.internet explorer protects stored user credentials using dpapi.picture password pin fingerprint windows encrypting file system windows latersql server transparent data encryption tde service master key encryptioninternet explorer standalone version available windows xp integrated versions available windows vista windows server microsoft edgewindows mail windows live mailoutlook smimeinternet information services ssltlswindows rights management services client v. laterwindows later eaptls vpn authentication .x wifi authenticationwindows xp later stored user names passwords aka credential manager.net framework .later system.security.cryptography.protecteddatamicrosoft.owin katana authentication default self hosting including cookie authentication oauth tokens references external links windows data protection api dpapi white paper nai labsdata encryption dpapihow use dpapi user store asp.net .enterprise servicessystem.security.cryptography.protecteddata .net framework .laterdiscussion use ms backupkey remote protocol dpapi protect user secretsthe windows pstore
Veritas Technologies	american international data management company headquartered santa clara california.company origins tolerant systems founded later renamed veritas software.specializes storage management software including first commercial journaling file system vxfs vxvm vcs personalsmall office backup software backup exec enterprise backup software netbackup.veritas record early cd recording software.prior merging symantec known nortonlifelock veritas listed sp nasdaq vrts ticker symbol.in symantec announced would demerge information management business veritas technologies llc order focus security.purchased part demerger private equity firm carlyle group billion cash.
Veritas Technologies	history early history company founded eli alon dale shipley intel tolerant systems build faulttolerant computer systems based idea shoe box building blocks.shoe box consisted os processor running version unix called tx applications ran io processor running real time executive developed tolerant called rte processors xx processors.system marketed eternity series.the tx software gained level faulttolerance checkpointing technology.applications needed fortified checkpointing allow rollback application another processor hardware failure occurred.tolerant also developed forerunner todays raid systems incorporating journaling file system multiple copies disk drive content.dale shipley formed tolerant software january .
Veritas Technologies	tolerant software produced journaling file system virtual disk management system att unix platform built new team led john carmichael.the firm started relationship att provide file veritas file manager – vxfs disk management veritas volume manager – vxvm software unix operating system jointly market support products system oems sun hp etc.. oem model provided royalties veritas oem shipped products end users.on december company initial public offering ipo selling million shares public valuing company million.growth acquisitions end veritas revenues million.tidalwave technologies acquisition company acquired tidalwave technologies small san franciscobased company .million stock.tidalwave specialized crossplatform high availability ha software thus entered ha business.openvision acquisition company acquired openvision technologies another public company size thus entered backup business.although company retained million openvisions base completed year million.
Veritas Technologies	high growth period veritas board decided consolidate various business locations sf facility mountain view ca.ernst young consultants led david bentley project manager brought lead effort soon hired hok architect rudolf sletten general contractor.new facility completed .seagate nsmg acquisition company achieved million acquired backup business seagate software also approximately million .combined company achieved revenues million became undisputed leader storage management software industry.company achieved revenues .
Veritas Technologies	billion added sp became fortune company became tenth largest software company world revenues third largest market capitalization.internet bubble industry went major downturn internet bubble burst.nonetheless company able achieve revenue growth .billion operating margins .growth x accelerated growth veritas went million company .billion company growth multiple x five years.april – acquired openvision technologies.included netbackup.may – acquired network storage management group seagate software.
Veritas Technologies	included backup exec.august – acquired israels precise software solutions one application performance management apm leaders million cash .million shares stock total million.– merger symantec december veritas symantec announced plans merger deal valued .billion.deal created fourthlargest software firm world date.
Veritas Technologies	veritas symantecs shareholders approved merger june completed july .– demerger october symantec announced planned split company two parts.security business would remain symantec information management business would known veritas technologies corporation.separation companies completed january .on august symantec announced sale veritas information management business carlyle group.veritas symantec achieved operational separation october .
Veritas Technologies	sale completed january veritas became privately held company.sale go private billion represented markdown symantec stock.new beginning demerger symantec veritas rebranded veritas technologies llc.new logo.ceo bill coleman able transform company startup wininthemarketplace customerfirst culture twoyear turnaround.
Veritas Technologies	january veritas technologies llc.named greg hughes ceo.new brand new ceo veritas technologies planned move employees new headquarters santa clara end summer .september veritas technologies llc acquired los angelesbased software company globanet.products services accessvxfs vxvmnetbackupnetbackup appliancesbackup execcluster server vcsenterprise vaultenterprise vault.cloudenterprise administratorvolume replicator vvrsanpointediscovery platformaptare analytics™cloudpointsaas backupdesktop laptop optionflex applianceinformation studiodata insightveritas infoscale data management hyperscale openstackresiliency platformhubstor lawsuits veritas software corp. veritas us veritas ireland entered costsharing agreement csa subject litigation u.s. internal revenue service.
Security and Maintenance	see also veritas storage foundationveritas cluster file systemveritas file systementerprise vaultveritas services operations readiness tools sort references external links official websitemonitoring criteria includes optimal operation antivirus software personal firewall well working status backup restore network access protection nap user account control uac windows error reporting wer windows update.notifies user problem monitored criteria antivirus program uptodate offline.operation security maintenance consists three major components control panel applet windows service application programming interface api provided windows management instrumentation wmi.the control panel applet divides monitored criteria categories colorcodes them.yellow indicates noncritical warning e.g.settings monitored optimal.
Security and Maintenance	red indicates critical message e.g.antivirus program offline.a service named security center determines current state settings.service default starts computer starts continually monitors system changes notifies user detects problem.versions windows prior windows adds notification icon windows taskbar.a wmi provider makes settings available system.thirdparty antivirus antispyware personal firewall software vendors primarily register security maintenance wmi provider.
Security and Maintenance	windows vista added new set apis let programs retrieve aggregate health status within security maintenance receive notifications health status changes.apis allow programs confirm system healthy state engaging certain actions.example computer game ensure firewall running connecting online game.security maintenance charge followingquerying status personal firewall turning onquerying status antimalware program turning instructing update itselfquerying status internet security settings asking user change optimalquerying status user account control settings asking user change optimalscheduling executing automatic maintenance tasks includes quick scan malware disk defragmentation power efficiency diagnosticsquerying status backup restore prompting user schedule backup one place windows onlyquerying status file history however user alerted windows later onlyquerying status homegroup alerts issued itmanaging problems logged windows error reporting user see details send microsoft automatically sent query solution although times none selectively delete them.version history windows xp sp microsoft learned discussions customers confusion whether users taking appropriate steps protect systems steps taking effective.research microsoft made decision include visible control panel windows xp service pack would provide consolidated view important security features.
Security and Maintenance	service pack released august includes first version windows security center wsc.version monitors windows update windows firewall availability antivirus program.thirdparty providers personal firewall antivirus software packages encouraged use wsc api register products wsc.on august pc magazine published article security watch newsletter titled windows xp sp security center spoofing threat outlined design vulnerability could allow malware manipulate security center displaying false security status regardless true security status.malware requires administrative privileges.microsoft countered claim asserting piece malware gains administrative privileges need spoof anything commit much nastier malicious actions.
Security and Maintenance	windows vista wsc windows vista monitors new criteria antispyware software user account control internet explorer security settings.also display logos thirdparty products registered security center.unlike windows xp beta versions windows vista wsc could disabled overridden.security software maker symantec spoke noting would cause great deal consumer confusion security problems would reported wsc symantecs tools time.mcafee another large security software vendor lodged similar complaints.end microsoft allowed wsc disabled.
Security and Maintenance	windows windows windows security center renamed action center.designed centralize reduce number notifications system encompasses security maintenance computer.notification icon windows taskbar appears message perusal replaces five separate notification icons found windows vista.troubleshooting link also added providing shortcut windows new troubleshooting control panel.windows windows action center monitors new items microsoft account windows activation smartscreen automatic maintenance drive status device software startup apps homegroup file history storage spaces.
Security and Maintenance	windows windows name action center used application notifications quick actions.action center windows .renamed security maintenance causing confusion users administrators.longer displays icon notification area otherwise retains features windows .action center.
NetApp	troubleshooting link removed windows fall creators update.starting windows creators update microsoft introduced new component called windows defender security center wdsc provides much functionality.new component universal windows platform app also default frontend windows defender.relies service called windows defender security center service.in comparison security maintenance wdscmonitors antivirus firewall software device drivers device security storage capacity account protection parental control smartscreen windows updatehas distinct icon notification areacan fully control windows defendersupports thirdparty antivirus firewall version laterin windows version windows defender security center renamed windows security center.see also list microsoft windows componentsmicrosoft defendermicrosoft security essentials references external links msdn windows security center apiranked fortune since .founded ipo netapp offers cloud data services management applications data online physically.history netapp founded david hitz james lau michael malcolm network appliance inc. time major competitor auspex systems.netapp received venture capital funding sequoia capital.initial public offering .
NetApp	netapp thrived internet bubble years mid company grew billion annual revenue.bubble burst netapps revenues quickly declined million fiscal year .since companys revenue steadily climbed.in netapp sold netcache product line blue coat systems.in network appliance officially changed legal name netapp inc. reflecting nickname already wellknown.on june tom georgens stepped ceo replaced george kurian.in may netapp announced first end end nvme array called flash fas release ontap .software.netapp claims .
NetApp	million iops microseconds per highavailability pair.january dave hitz announced retirement netapp.acquisitions internet middleware imc acquired .million.imcs web proxy caching software became netcache product line resold .
NetApp	spinnaker networks acquired million.technologies spinnaker integrated data ontap gx first released later data ontap gx become clustered data ontap alacritus acquired million.tape virtualization technology alacritus brought netapp integrated netapp nearstore virtual tape library vtl product line introduced .decru storage security systems key management.topio acquired million.
NetApp	software helped replicate recover protect data distance regardless underlying server storage infrastructure.technology became known replicatorx open system snapvault since abandoned.onaro acquired million.storage service management software helps customers manage storage efficiently guaranteed service levels availability performance.onaros sanscreen technology launched probably later influencing netapp oncommand insight.
NetApp	bycast acquired million.technologies bycast gave birth storagegrid object storage product.akorri acquired million allowing crossdomain analysis advanced analytics across data center infrastructures.engenio lsi acquired million.engenio external storage systems business unit lsi corporation.
NetApp	launched netapp eseries product line cache iq development nas cache systems iongrid technology developer allows ios devices access users internal business applications secure connection steelstore netapp acquired riverbed technologys steelstore line data backup protection products later renamed altavault cloud backup solidfire december closing january netapp acquired founded flash storage vendor solidfire million.plexistor netapp first announced acquisition company technology called plexistor may .technologies plexistor gave start max data product greenqloud acquired qstack product.greenqloud private startup company created cloud services orchestration management platform hybrid cloud multicloud environments.immersive partner solutions littleton coloradobased developer software validate multiple converged infrastructures lifecycles stackpointcloud netapp acquired stackpointcloud project multicloud kubernetes asaservice contributor kubernetes started kubernetes service product cognigo israeli aidriven data compliance security supplier talon cloud data storage company enabling data consolidation security enterprises.
NetApp	cloudjumper cloud software vdi remote desktop services spot handled compute management cost optimization public clouds cloudhawk.io aws cloud security posture.cloudcheckr cloud optimization platform.competition netapp competes computer data storage hardware industry.netapp ranked second market capitalization industry behind emc corporation dell emc ahead seagate technology western digital brocade imation quantum.total revenue netapp ranked behind emc seagate western digital ahead imation brocade xyratex hutchinson technology.
NetApp	according idc report netapp ranked second network storage industry big list behind emc dell ahead ibm hp hitachi.according gartners magic quadrant solidstate arrays netapp named leader behind pure storage systems.gartner named netapp primary storage.products netapps oncommand management software controls automates datastorage.activeiq comes netapp acquisition solidfire.
NetApp	activeiq saas portal builtin monitoring prediction recommendations optimizing configurations performance netapp storage systems based machinelearning capabilities artificial intelligence.later ontap analytics telemetry service oats product installed aws cloud onpremise renamed active iq performance analytics services activeiq pas.netapp ontapbased hardware appliances netapps fas fabricattached storage aff allflash fas asa san array storage systems companys flagship products.products made storage controllers one enclosures hard disks known shelves.entrylevel systems drives may physically located storage controller itself.in early netapps storage systems initially offered nfs smb protocols based standard local area networks lans whereas block storage consolidation required storage area networks sans implemented fibre channel fc protocol.in attempt increase market share netapp added blockstorage access well supporting fiber channel iscsi protocols.
NetApp	netapp systems support fibre channel iscsi fibre channel ethernet fcoe fcnvme protocol.ontap many netapps products use companys proprietary ontap data management operating system continuous development since includes code berkeley net bsd unix spinnaker networks technology operating systems.three ontap platforms fasaff systems software commodity servers ontap select virtual machine cloud cloud volumes ontap.ontap systems using wafl file systems provide basis snapshots snapshotbased data protection technologies.key ip ontap also used netapp astra newer data managementasaservice system built kubernetes.
NetApp	cloud backup previously known riverbed steelstor acquisition netapp product later renamed altavault cloud backup.cloud backup initially available three forms hardware appliance virtual appliance cloud appliance.later netapp announced end sale hardware virtual appliances.data placed nas share cloud backup deduplicated compressed encrypted transferred object protocols object storage systems like amazon azure blob storage storagegrid thus cloud backup appears transparent gateway archiving data private public cloud.netapp hci netapp hyperconverged infrastructure hci sometimes referred netapp hybrid cloud infrastructure netapp hci based commodity blade rack servers netapp element software vmware vsphere.
NetApp	netapp hci includes webbased gui installation wizard called netapp deployment engine nde configuring vcenter ip addresses login password storage nodes.netapp hci different conventional hci designs dedicated storage nodes hci systems like dell emc vxrail vsan dedicated storage nodes utilize disk drives installed server.dedicated storage nodes allow cluster grow decrease storage capacity performance separately compute nodes.minimum netapp hci configuration requires two compute blade server nodes additionally element software requires minimum storage nodes available customers four physical storage nodes two physical storage nodes two nodes virtual machine playing witness role compute nodes.u hci chassis four halfwidth blade servers storage node drive set consists ssd drives directly connected dedicated storage node installed front blade chassis.
NetApp	storage compute blade nodes gigabit ethernet ports could used gbits ports well dedicated gb ports management purposes.network switches included netapp hci element software release netapp announced hseries switch part hci hardware components must bought netapp.ontap select available sds netapp hci customers interested nas protocols.selfservice portal allows automating common provisioning management tasks without involving team.netapp kuberneties service support netapp hci acquisition stackpoint.
NetApp	netapp solidfire storage netapp hci expanded mixed single cluster.netapp insight conference las vegas netapp presented two new compute nodes hc hc hc includes additional gpu cards used vdi environments.starting element os version automatically detected enabled default upgrade hci protection domains functionality provide resiliency hci chassis.case maintenance chassis failure helix algorithm spans data blocks workload automatically failover another operational chassis.solidfire solidfire storage system uses os called netapp element software formally solidfire element os based linux designed ssds scaleout architecture ability expand nodes provide access data san protocols iscsi natively fiber channel two gateway nodes.
NetApp	element os provides restbased api storage automation configuration management consumption.sf node hs .nvme ssd drives install element version .previous models ssd drives.element sw version support fc.
NetApp	solidfire uses iscsi login redirection distribute reads writes across cluster using helix algorithm.architecture disk shelves like traditional storage systems expands adding nodes cluster.node preinstalled ssd drives.node one type ssd drives capacity.solidfire cluster mix different node models generations.
NetApp	element x uses replication factor blocks data spread across cluster performance impact require space contrary erasure coding technology.architecture allows users expand performance capacity separately needed.also solidfire ability set three types qos luns minimum maximum burst.burst used credits used lun received maximums.element x available softwareonly commodity servers.
NetApp	solidfire systems using protocol could backup data object storage systems like storagegrid.solidfire could replicate data snapmirror protocol ontap systems starting element os cloud volumes ontap.veeam backup replication .update implement seamless integration netapp hci solidfire provide application consistent storage snapshot capabilities instant vm recovery single item restore applications.commvault simpana also provides applicationconsistent storage snapshot capability netapp hci solidfire.
NetApp	hci configurations require least gbits ports connections element os two ports enough.storagegrid storagegrid softwaredefined storage system provides access data via object ipbased protocols like openstack swift.available form hardware software.node storagegrid cluster appliance virtual machine docker container.storagegrid geodispersed namespace clustered storage system also known grid ability make store multiple copies replicas objects also known replication factor erasure coding ec manner among cluster storage nodes object granularity based configured policies data availability durability purposes.
NetApp	storagegrid stores metadata separately objects allows users configure information lifecycle management ilm policies perobject level automatically satisfy confirm changes cluster changes introduced cluster like cost network usage storage media usage changes node added removed etc.ontap cloud backup santricity element x replicate data storagegrid systems.sg optimized high transactional throughput ai fabricpool.storagegrid netapp hci solution deployment storagegrid netapp hci deployed three forms fully contained high performance scale netapp hci storagegrid appliance.eseries previously known lsi engenio rdac netapp acquisition product renamed netapp eseries.
NetApp	generalpurpose enterprise storage system two controllers san protocols fibre channel iscsi sas infiniband includes srp iser nvme fabrics protocol.netapp eseries platform uses proprietary os santricity proprietary raid called dynamic disk pool ddp alongside traditional raids like raid raid raid etc.ddp pool dstripe works similar traditional raid raid block level instead entire disk level therefore dedicated parity drives.ddp compare traditional raid groups restores data lost disk drive multiple drives provide times faster reconstruction time traditional raids restores lost disk drive dedicated parity drive.starting santricity .
NetApp	eseries systems ef e support nvme ethernet rocev gbits ethernet ports nvme infiniband.starting ef systems endtoend nvme capable nvmefc addition nvmeroce nvmeinfiniband.sync async mirroring supported santricity .. santricity unified manager webbased manager supports efeseries arrays supports ldap rbac ca ssl authorization authentication.august netapp announced e support nvmeib nvmeroce nvmefc protocols gbps bandwidth fullfunction embedded rest api.converged infrastructure flexpod nflex ontap ai commercial names converged infrastructure ci.
NetApp	converged infrastructures joint products vendors consists main hardware components computing servers switches cases switches necessary netapp storage systemsflexpod based cisco servers cisco nexus switchesnflex based fujitsu servers extreme networks switchingontap ai using nvidia supercomputers melanox cisco nexus switches.converged infrastructures tested validated design configurations vendors available end users typically include popular infrastructure software like docker enterprise edition ee red hat openstack platform vmware vsphere microsoft servers hyperv sql exchange oracle vm oracle db citrix xen kvm openstack sap hana etc.might include selfservice portals paas iaas like cisco ucs director ucsd others.flexpod nflex ontap ai allows end user modify validated design add remove components converged infrastructure converged infrastructures competitors allows modification.flexpod flexpod types flexpod datacenter flexpod select flexpod express small medium large ucsmanaged flexpod sf.flexpod datacenter usually uses nexus switches like cisco ucs blade servers midrange highend netapp fas aff systems.
NetApp	flexpod select often used bigdata framework software like hortonworks cloudera recently confluent.flexpod sf architecture nexus switches cisco ucs blade servers netapp solidfire storage based cisco ucs rack servers.cisco ucs director used orchestrator flexpod selfservice portal workflow automation billing platform build paas iaas.flexpod systems supported cooperative center competence.netapp converged systems advisor csa softwareasaservice saas platform consists onpremises agent cloudbased portal.multipod flexpod datacenter solution fas aff system leveraging metrocluster technology stretching storage system two sites.
NetApp	netapp cisco looking incorporate netapp max data product flexpod solutions persistent memory technology available ucs servers.flexpod datacenter biggest variety designed validated cisco netapp architectures applications includingmicrosoft sql exchange sharepointhypervisors microsoft hyperv vmware vsphere citrix xenserverred hat enterprise linux openstack citrix xendesktopxenapp docker datacenter container managementibm cloud private cisco hybrid cloud cisco cloudcenter microsoft private cloud citrix cloudplatform apprenda paassap oracle database oracle rac oracle linux oracle rac oracle vmd graphics visualization citrix nvidia gpu.flexpod datacenter ai leveraging ucs servers nvidia gpu.epic ehr meditech ehrflexpod typesflexpod express small medium large ucsmanagedflexpod datacenterflexpod sfflexpod select ontap ai converged infrastructure solution based cisco nexus mellanox spectrum switches gbits ports netapp aff storage systems nvidia dgx supercomputer servers.dgx servers interconnected rdma roce developed deep learning based docker containers netapp docker plugin trident.dgx servers connected storage ethernet connection consume space nfs protocol.snapmirror ontap ai solution deliver data edge computing onprem cloud part data fabric vision.
NetApp	ontap ai tested validated use nfs flexgroup technologies.combined technical support provided customers architecture components.oncommand insight oncommand insight oci data center management software capacity management infrastructure analytics centralized view historical trends forecast performance capacity requirements workload placement.oci works netapp storage systems competitor storage systems public cloud.licensed serverbased software.
NetApp	memory accelerated data netapp max data short max data proprietary linux file system autotiering pmem ssd data protection features businesses.netapp officially announced max datas availability netapp insight october supported number server brands.max data came acquisition plexistor may .max data consists two tiers tier tier cold data destaged tier tier promoted tier tier accessed max data tiering algorithm transparently applications.currently netapp recommended ratio max data tier tier respectively.max data according netapp two modes use max data posixcompatible internal name mfs file system api memory extension.
NetApp	usage max data posix fs require application modifications api memory extension requires applications modified order utilize functionality.max data installed linux hosts utilize ultralow latency persistent memory optane dc persistent memory optane dcpmm nvdimm dram persistence needed example testing purposes memory tier netapp aff storage system tier .optane dcpmm intel brand name products use xpoint technology supported starting max data version .. max fs persistent memorybased filesystem pmbased fs doesnt require application modification also direct access enabled file system daxenabled fs applications optimization persistent memory using spdk.dax mechanism enables direct access files stored persistent memory arrays without need copy data page cache.max data perserver license depend cpu memory storage capacity.
NetApp	max data two different licensing tiers basic advanced.cloud business cloud central webbased gui interface provides multicloud interface based qstack netapps cloud products like cloud volumes service cloud sync cloud insights cloud volumes ontap saas backup multiple public cloud providers.cloud manager service highlevel management ontapbased systems onpremise cloud cvo cvs ontap select fas aff.cloud manager allow setup snapmirror data protection replication systems gui interface draganddrop.cloud volumes onprem storage system installed onpremises customers data center available customer service.
NetApp	work updates technical support provided netapp customer consumes space storage using webbased gui api performs data backup replication needed.cloud volumes ontap formally ontap cloud.cloud volumes ontap cvo softwaredefined sds version ontap available public cloud providers like aws azure google cloud ibm cloud.cloud volumes ontap virtual machine using commodity equipment running ontap software service.cloud volumes service cloud volumes service service amazon aws google cloud public cloud provider based netapp allflash fas systems ontap software allowing synchronizing data cloud onpremises netapp systems.
NetApp	netapp private storage netapp private storage nps based equinix partner provided colocation service data centers netapp storage systems gbits direct connection public cloud providers like azure aws etc.nps storage could connected cloud providers onpremise infrastructure thus case switching clouds require data migration them.astra astra netapps kubernetes cloud service consistent applicationconsistent backups data cloning data mobility across clouds onpremises.astra deploy maintain datarich applications across amazon web services microsoft azure google cloud onpremises datacenters enabling easily backup restoring data migrating applications one kubernetes cluster another multicloud environment.saas backup netapp saas backup previously cloud control back recovery service saas microsoft office salesforce provide extended granular custom retention capabilities backup recovery process compare native cloud backup.
NetApp	netapp planning extend saas backup recovery service google workspace formerly g suite google apps work slack servicenow.cloud sync cloud sync service synchronizing nas storage system another nas storage object storage like amazon netapp storage grid using object protocol.cloud insights cloud insights saas application monitoring infrastructure application stack customers consuming cloud resources also build dynamic nature microservices webscale infrastructures.cloud insights uses similar oncommand insight frontend api different technology backend.cloud insights available preview three editions free standard premium.
NetApp	cloud secure cloud secure saas security tool identifies malicious data access compromised users words user behavior analytics.cloud secure uses machine learning algorithms identify unusual patterns identify users infected ransomware prevent encrypting files.currently supported data repositories include netapp cloud volumes netapp ontap netapp storagegrid onedrive aws google suite hpe dellemc isilon dropbox box workspace office .ndas netapp data availability services ndas provides data protection cloud gui.cloud service located aws copied clouds.
NetApp	ndas backup data protection disaster recovery purposes ontap storage.ontap systems starting ontap .builtin proxy application converting netapp snapshots wafl data metadata format unlike fabricpool technology stores data object storage.ndas one data fabric manifestations.data fabric often referred data fabric story variety integrations netapps products data mobility considered netapp data fabric vision .
NetApp	data fabric defines netapp technology architecture hybrid cloud includes snapmirror replication solidfire ontapsnapmirror replication ontap cloud backupfabricpool tiering feature destaging cold data ontap storagegrid amazon azure blobvolume encryption fabricpool provide secure data storage secure wire transfer enterprise data cloud provider snapmirror fas aff ontap select cloud volumes ontaparchiving dr public cloudcloudmirror feature storagegrid replicates onpremise object storage amazon storage triggers actions aws cloudsolidfire backup storagegrid amazon scloud backup archiving variety object storage systems including storagegrid many cloud providerscloudsync replication nas data object format backreplication cloud volumes servicedata backup onpremise storage saas backupsantricity cloud connector blockbased backup copy restore eseries volumes netapp data availability services data protection ontap cloud storage backup dr data mining capabilities etc.software integrations netapp products could integrated variety software products mostly ontap systems.automation netapp provides variety automation services directly products http protocol middleware software.docker netapp trident software provides persistent volume plugin docker containers orchestrators kubernetes swarm supports ontap solidfire eseries azure netapp files anf cloud volumes netapp kubernetes service cloud.also netapp cisco sells ci architectures incorporate trident plugin flexpod datacenter docker enterprise edition ontap ai.
NetApp	cicd netapp jenkins framework provides integration ontap storage devops accelerating development automation operations like provisioning dataset cloning test development leverage ontap version control create delete checkpoints etc.jenkins also integrate netapp service level manager software provides restful api guarantee level storage performance.apprenda cloudbees integrate accelerate devops docker persistent volume plugin jenkins framework integration.apprenda could integrated openstack running top flexpod.backup recovery commvault veeam veritas integrations ontap solidfire cloud backup eseries leveraging storage capabilities like snapshots cloning capabilities testing backup copies snapmirror backup recovery br disaster recovery dr data archiving improving restore time number recovery points see rporto.
NetApp	cloud backup integrates nearly br products archiving capabilities since represented ordinary nas share br software.backup recovery software competitor vendors like ibm spectrum protect emc networker hp data protector dell vranger acronis backup others also level integrations netapp storage systems.enterprise applications netapp systems integrate enterprise applications backup purposes cloning provisioning selfservice storage features.oracle db connected using direct nfs dnfs client build inside database app provide network performance resiliency load balancing nfs protocol ontap systems.oracle db microsoft sql ibm db mysql mongo db sap hana ms exchange vmware vsphere citrix xen kvm integrate netapp systems provisioning cloning additional backup recovery build includes capabilities like snapshots snapvault snapmirror variety software including netapps snapcenter snapcreator.openstack netapp systems integration open source projects openstack cinder block storage solidfire ontap eseries oncommand insight cloud backup openstack manila shared file system ontap oncommand insight docker persistent volumes trident plugin solidfire ontap eseries others.
NetApp	oem ibm used oem netapp fas systems brand known ibm nseries partnership ended may .dell oem netapp eseries name powervault md.september lenovo netapp announced technology partnership lenovo oem netapp products name lenovo thinksystem de using netapps ef eseries array technology thinksystem dm uses ontap software lenovo servers supports fcnvme analog netapp fas aff systems.vector data builds rugged carriergrade versions netapp fas aff eseries solidfire products v dc power customizations vault product line.reception controversy syrian surveillance november syrian uprising netapp named one several companies whose products used syrian government crackdown.equipment allegedly sold syrians authorized netapp reseller.on april netapp notified us department commerce completed review matter determined netapp violated u.s. export laws file matter closed.
NetApp	legal dispute sun microsystems september netapp started proceedings sun microsystems claiming zfs file system developed sun infringed patents.following month sun announced plans countersue based alleged misuse netapp suns patented technology.several netapps patent claims rejected basis prior art reexamination united states patent trademark office.september netapp announced agreement oracle corporation new owner sun microsystems dismiss suits.accolades netapp listed amongst silicon valley top corporate philanthropists .
NetApp	netapp named brand year think global awards .see also netapp fasnetappontap operating system used netapp storage systemswrite anywhere file layout wafl used ontap storage systemsteam netappkaleidescape references reading serving storage solutions network appliance ceo dan warmenhoven puts data place.communication news –.august .issn .
Zigbee	archived original august .external links netapp archived january wayback machinebusiness data netapphence zigbee lowpower low data rate close proximity i.e.personal area wireless ad hoc network.the technology defined zigbee specification intended simpler less expensive wireless personal area networks wpans bluetooth general wireless networking wifi.applications include wireless light switches home energy monitors traffic management systems consumer industrial equipment requires shortrange lowrate wireless data transfer.its low power consumption limits transmission distances – meters lineofsight depending power output environmental characteristics.zigbee devices transmit data long distances passing data mesh network intermediate devices reach distant ones.zigbee typically used low data rate applications require long battery life secure networking.
Zigbee	zigbee networks secured bit symmetric encryption keys.zigbee defined rate kbits best suited intermittent data transmissions sensor input device.zigbee conceived standardized revised .name refers waggle dance honey bees return beehive.overview zigbee lowcost lowpower wireless mesh network standard targeted batterypowered devices wireless control monitoring applications.zigbee delivers lowlatency communication.
Zigbee	zigbee chips typically integrated radios microcontrollers.zigbee operates industrial scientific medical ism radio bands .ghz jurisdictions worldwide though devices also use mhz china mhz europe mhz us australia however even regions countries still use .ghz commercial zigbee devices home use.data rates vary kbits mhz band kbits .
Zigbee	ghz band.zigbee builds physical layer media access control defined ieee standard .. lowrate wireless personal area networks wpans.specification includes four additional key components network layer application layer zigbee device objects zdos manufacturerdefined application objects.zdos responsible tasks including keeping track device roles managing requests join network well device discovery security.the zigbee network layer natively supports star tree networks generic mesh networking.every network must one coordinator device.within star networks coordinator must central node.
Zigbee	trees meshes allow use zigbee routers extend communication network level.another defining feature zigbee facilities carrying secure communications protecting establishment transport cryptographic keys ciphering frames controlling device.builds basic security framework defined ieee ... history zigbeestyle selforganizing ad hoc digital radio networks conceived s. ieee .. zigbee specification ratified december .zigbee alliance announced availability specification .june known zigbee specification.
Zigbee	cluster library september zigbee specification announced obsoleting stack specification replaces message key–value pair structure used stack cluster library.library set standardised commands attributes global artifacts organised groups known clusters names smart energy home automation zigbee light link.in january zigbee alliance renamed library dotdot announced new protocol represented emoticon .also announced additionally run network types using internet protocol interconnect standards thread.since unveiling dotdot functioned default application layer almost zigbee devices.zigbee pro zigbee pro also known zigbee finalized .
Zigbee	zigbee pro device may join operate legacy zigbee network vice versa.due differences routing options zigbee pro devices must become nonrouting zigbee end devices zeds legacy zigbee network legacy zigbee devices must become zeds zigbee pro network.operates using .ghz ism band adds subghz band.use cases zigbee protocols intended embedded applications requiring low power consumption tolerating low data rates.
Zigbee	resulting network use little power—individual devices must battery life least two years pass certification.typical application areas includehome automationwireless sensor networksindustrial control systemsembedded sensingmedical data collectionsmoke intruder warningbuilding automationremote wireless microphone configurationzigbee situations high mobility among nodes.hence suitable tactical ad hoc radio networks battlefield high data rate high mobility present needed.application profiles first zigbee application profile home automation announced november .additional application profiles since published.the zigbee smart energy .specifications define internet protocolbased communication protocol monitor control inform automate delivery use energy water.
Zigbee	enhancement zigbee smart energy version specifications.adds services plugin electric vehicle charging installation configuration firmware download prepay services user information messaging load control demand response common information application profile interfaces wired wireless networks.developed partners includinghomegrid forum responsible marketing certifying itut g.hn technology productshomeplug powerline allianceinternational society automotive engineers sae internationalipso alliancesunspec alliancewifi alliancezigbee smart energy relies zigbee ip network layer routes standard ipv traffic ieee .. using lowpan header compression.in radio frequency consumer electronics consortium rfce zigbee alliance agreed deliver jointly standard radio frequency remote controls.zigbee rfce designed broad range consumer electronics products tvs settop boxes.promised many advantages existing remote control solutions including richer communication increased reliability enhanced features flexibility interoperability lineofsight barrier.
Zigbee	zigbee rfce specification uses subset zigbee functionality allowing run smaller memory configurations lowercost devices remote control consumer electronics.radio hardware radio design used zigbee analog stages uses digital circuits wherever possible.products integrate radio microcontroller single module available.the zigbee qualification process involves full validation requirements physical layer.radios derived validated semiconductor mask set would enjoy rf characteristics.zigbee radios tight constraints power bandwidth.
Zigbee	uncertified physical layer malfunctions increase power consumption devices zigbee network.thus radios tested guidance given clause .. standard.this standard specifies operation unlicensed ..ghz worldwide mhz americas australia .mhz europe ism bands.
Zigbee	sixteen channels allocated .ghz band spaced mhz apart though using mhz bandwidth each.radios use directsequence spread spectrum coding managed digital stream modulator.binary phaseshift keying bpsk used mhz bands offset quadrature phaseshift keying oqpsk transmits two bits per symbol used .ghz band.the raw overtheair data rate kbits per channel .
Zigbee	ghz band kbits per channel mhz band kbits mhz band.actual data throughput less maximum specified bit rate due packet overhead processing delays.indoor applications .ghz transmission distance – depending construction materials number walls penetrated output power permitted geographical location.output power radios generally – dbm – mw.
Zigbee	device types operating modes three classes zigbee deviceszigbee coordinator zc capable device coordinator forms root network tree may bridge networks.precisely one zigbee coordinator network since device started network originally zigbee lightlink specification also allows operation without zigbee coordinator making usable offtheshelf home products.stores information network including acting trust center repository security keys.zigbee router zr well running application function router act intermediate router passing data devices.zigbee end device zed contains enough functionality talk parent node either coordinator router cannot relay data devices.relationship allows node asleep significant amount time thereby giving long battery life.zed requires least amount memory thus less expensive manufacture zr zc.the current zigbee protocols support beaconenabled nonbeaconenabled networks.
Zigbee	nonbeaconenabled networks unslotted csmaca channel access mechanism used.type network zigbee routers typically receivers continuously active requiring additional power.however allows heterogeneous networks devices receive continuously others transmit necessary.typical example heterogeneous network wireless light switch zigbee node lamp may constantly receive since reliably powered mains supply lamp batterypowered light switch would remain asleep switch thrown.case switch wakes sends command lamp receives acknowledgment returns sleep.
Zigbee	network lamp node least zigbee router zigbee coordinator switch node typically zigbee end device.beaconenabled networks zigbee routers transmit periodic beacons confirm presence network nodes.nodes may sleep beacons thus extending battery life.beacon intervals depend data rate may range .milliseconds .
Zigbee	seconds kbits milliseconds .seconds kbits milliseconds .seconds kbits.long beacon intervals require precise timing expensive implement lowcost products.in general zigbee protocols minimize time radio reduce power use.beaconing networks nodes need active beacon transmitted.
Zigbee	nonbeaconenabled networks power consumption decidedly asymmetrical devices always active others spend time sleeping.except smart energy profile .zigbee devices required conform ieee .. lowrate wireless personal area network lrwpan standard.standard specifies lower protocol layers—the physical layer phy media access control portion data link layer.basic channel access mode carriersense multiple access collision avoidance csmaca.nodes communicate way somewhat analogous humans converse node briefly checks see nodes talking starts.
Zigbee	csmaca used three notable exceptions message acknowledgmentsbeacons sent fixedtiming schedule.devices beaconenabled networks lowlatency realtime requirements may also use guaranteed time slots.network layer main functions network layer ensure correct use mac sublayer provide suitable interface use next upper layer namely application layer.network layer deals network functions connecting disconnecting setting networks.establish network allocate addresses add remove devices.layer makes use star mesh tree topologies.the data entity transport layer creates manages protocol data units direction application layer performs routing according current topology.
Zigbee	control entity handles configuration new devices establishes new networks.determine whether neighboring device belongs network discovers new neighbors routers.the routing protocol used network layer aodv.find destination device aodv used broadcast route request neighbors.neighbors broadcast request neighbors onward destination reached.destination reached route reply sent via unicast transmission following lowest cost path back source.
Zigbee	source receives reply updates routing table destination address next hop path associated path cost.application layer application layer highestlevel layer defined specification effective interface zigbee system end users.comprises majority components added zigbee specification zdo zigbee device object management procedures together application objects defined manufacturer considered part layer.layer binds tables sends messages bound devices manages group addresses reassembles packets also transports data.responsible providing service zigbee device profiles.
Zigbee	main components zdo zigbee device object protocol zigbee protocol stack responsible overall device management security keys policies.responsible defining role device either coordinator end device mentioned also discovery new devices network identification offered services.may go establish secure links external devices reply binding requests accordingly.the application support sublayer aps main standard component stack offers welldefined interface control services.works bridge network layer elements application layer keeps uptodate binding tables form database used find appropriate devices depending services needed different devices offer.union specified layers also routes messages across layers protocol stack.
Zigbee	communication models application may consist communicating objects cooperate carry desired tasks.tasks typically largely local device instance control household appliance.focus zigbee distribute work among many different devices reside within individual zigbee nodes turn form network.the objects form network communicate using facilities provided aps supervised zdo interfaces.within single device application objects exist numbered range –.reserved zdo data interface broadcast range currently use may future.two services available application objects use zigbee .the keyvalue pair service kvp meant configuration purposes.
Zigbee	enables description request modification object attribute simple interface based get set event primitives allowing request response.configuration uses xml.the message service designed offer general approach information treatment avoiding necessity adapt application protocols potential overhead incurred kvp.allows arbitrary payloads transmitted aps frames.addressing also part application layer.network node consists ieee ..conformant radio transceiver one device descriptions collections attributes polled set monitored events.transceiver basis addressing devices within node specified endpoint identifier range .
Zigbee	communication device discovery applications communicate devices support must use common application protocol types messages formats sets conventions grouped profiles.furthermore binding decided upon matching input output cluster identifiers unique within context given profile associated incoming outgoing data flow device.binding tables contain source destination pairs.depending available information device discovery may follow different methods.network address known ieee address requested using unicast communication.petitions broadcast.
Zigbee	end devices simply respond requested address network coordinator router also send addresses devices associated it.this extended discovery protocol permits external devices find devices network services offer endpoints report queried discovering device previously obtained addresses.matching services also used.the use cluster identifiers enforces binding complementary entities using binding tables maintained zigbee coordinators table must always available within network coordinators likely permanent power supply.backups managed higherlevel layers may needed applications.binding requires established communication link exists whether add new node network decided according application security policies.communication happen right association.direct addressing uses radio address endpoint identifier whereas indirect addressing uses every relevant field address endpoint cluster attribute requires sent network coordinator maintains associations translates requests communication.
Zigbee	indirect addressing particularly useful keep devices simple minimize need storage.besides two methods broadcast endpoints device available group addressing used communicate groups endpoints belonging set devices.security services one defining features zigbee provides facilities carrying secure communications protecting establishment transport cryptographic keys cyphering frames controlling devices.builds basic security framework defined ieee ... part architecture relies correct management symmetric keys correct implementation methods security policies.basic security model basic mechanism ensure confidentiality adequate protection keying material.
Zigbee	trust must assumed initial installation keys well processing security information.implementation globally work general conformance specified behaviors assumed.keys cornerstone security architecture protection paramount importance keys never supposed transported insecure channel.momentary exception rule occurs initial phase addition network previously unconfigured device.zigbee network model must take particular care security considerations ad hoc networks may physically accessible external devices.also state working environment cannot predicted.within protocol stack different network layers cryptographically separated access policies needed conventional design assumed.

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