title stringlengths 1 105 | content stringlengths 5 58.1k |
|---|---|
Wireless | electromagnetic induction electromagnetic induction allows shortrange communication power transmission.used biomedical situations pacemakers well shortrange rfid tags.services common examples wireless equipment includeinfrared ultrasonic remote control devicesprofessional lmr land mobile radio smr specialized mobile ra... |
Wireless | frequencies radio spectrum available use communication treated public resource regulated organizations american federal communications commission ofcom united kingdom international itur european etsi.regulations determine frequency ranges used purpose whom.absence control alternative arrangements privatized electromagn... |
Wireless | billion mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide end .wireless phones use radio waves signaltransmission towers enable users make phone calls many locations worldwide.used within range mobile telephone site used house equipment required transmit receive radio signals instruments.data communications wireless data communi... |
Wireless | supporting technologies includewifi wireless local area network enables portable computing devices connect easily devices peripherals internet.standardized ieee .b g n ac ax wifi link speeds similar older standards wired ethernet.wifi become de facto standard access private homes within offices public hotspots.business... |
Wireless | speeds increased technologies evolved earlier technologies gsm cdma gprs g g networks wcdma edge cdma.proposed next generation g.lowpower widearea networks lpwan bridge gap wifi cellular low bitrate internet things iot applications.mobilesatellite communications may used wireless connections unavailable largely rural a... |
Wireless | originally units used bulky highly local transceivers mediate computer keyboard mouse however recent generations used smaller higherperformance devices.radiofrequency interfaces bluetooth wireless usb provide greater ranges efficient use usually feet distance physical obstacles competing signals even human bodies degra... |
Wireless | energy transferred using either farfield methods involve beaming powerlasers radio microwave transmissions nearfield using electromagnetic induction.wireless energy transfer may combined wireless information transmission known wireless powered communication.researchers university washington demonstrated farfield energy... |
Wireless security | technology helps intentional unintentional risk infection disconnection arise wired connections.categories implementations devices standards see also references reading external links nets webs information infrastructure wikibookswireless curliebibliography history wireless radio broadcastingsir jagadis chandra bose ma... |
Wireless security | wep superseded wpa wifi protected access.wpa quick alternative improve security wep.current standard wpa hardware cannot support wpa without firmware upgrade replacement.wpa uses encryption device encrypts network bit key longer key length improves security wep.enterprises often enforce security using certificatebased ... |
Wireless security | ability enter network mobile great benefits.however wireless networking prone security issues.hackers found wireless networks relatively easy break even use wireless technology hack wired networks.result important enterprises define effective wireless security policies guard unauthorized access important resources.wire... |
Wireless security | relatively dangers wireless technology first introduced.hackers yet time latch new technology wireless networks commonly found work place.however many security risks associated current wireless protocols encryption methods carelessness ignorance exists user corporate level.hacking methods become much sophisticated inno... |
Wireless security | instat mdr meta group estimated corporate laptop computers planned purchased equipped wireless cards.issues arise supposedly nonwireless organization wireless laptop plugged corporate network.hacker could sit parking lot gather information laptops andor devices even break wireless card–equipped laptop gain access wired... |
Wireless security | since stcentury laptop pcs wireless networking built see intel centrino technology dont need thirdparty adapter pcmcia card usb dongle.builtin wireless networking might enabled default without owner realizing thus broadcasting laptops accessibility computer nearby.modern operating systems linux macos microsoft windows ... |
Wireless security | similarly employee adds wireless interface networked computer using open usb port may create breach network security would allow access confidential materials.however effective countermeasures like disabling open switchports switch configuration vlan configuration limit network access available protect network informat... |
Wireless security | hence important understand characteristics applications evaluate vulnerabilities bearing highest risk context.evaluation vulnerabilities resulting vulnerability catalogs industrial context considering wlan nfc zigbee available.mobility advantage wireless networks common organizations individuals.many laptop computers w... |
Wireless security | however wireless networking prone security issues.hackers found wireless networks relatively easy break even use wireless technology hack wired networks.result important enterprises define effective wireless security policies guard unauthorized access important resources.wireless intrusion prevention systems wips wirel... |
Wireless security | variety risks users wireless technology increased service become popular technology commonly available.today great number security risks associated current wireless protocols encryption methods carelessness ignorance exists user corporate level.hacking methods become much sophisticated innovative wireless.modes unautho... |
Wireless security | extent prevention relies known modes methods attack relevant methods suppression applied methods.however new mode operation create new options threatening.hence prevention requires steady drive improvement.described modes attack snapshot typical methods scenarios apply.accidental association violation security perimete... |
Wireless security | one methods referred “accidental association”.user turns computer latches wireless access point neighboring companys overlapping network user may even know occurred.however security breach proprietary company information exposed could exist link one company other.especially true laptop also hooked wired network.acciden... |
Wireless security | malicious association “malicious associations” wireless devices actively made attackers connect company network laptop instead company access point ap.types laptops known “soft aps” created cyber criminal runs software makes hisher wireless network card look like legitimate access point.thief gained access heshe steal ... |
Wireless security | idea behind type attack may break vpn security measures.likely criminal trying take client layer level.ad hoc networks ad hoc networks pose security threat.ad hoc networks defined peer peer networks wireless computers access point them.types networks usually little protection encryption methods used provide security.th... |
Wireless security | thus user may even know unsecured ad hoc network operation computer.also using wired wireless infrastructure network time providing bridge secured organizational network unsecured ad hoc connection.bridging two forms.direct bridge requires user actually configure bridge two connections thus unlikely initiated unless ex... |
Wireless security | presents threats already familiar openpublic unsecured wifi access points firewall rules may circumvented case poorly configured operating systems local settings.nontraditional networks nontraditional networks personal network bluetooth devices safe hacking regarded security risk.even barcode readers handheld pdas wire... |
Wireless security | wireless systems allow kind mac filtering allow authorized computers specific mac ids gain access utilize network.however programs exist network “sniffing” capabilities.combine programs software allow computer pretend mac address hacker desires hacker easily get around hurdle.mac filtering effective small residential s... |
Wireless security | headers requires special equipment software detect it.anyone .receiver laptop wireless adapter freeware wireless packet analyzer obtain mac address transmitting .within range.organizational environment wireless devices air throughout active working shift mac filtering provides false sense security since prevents casual... |
Wireless security | maninthemiddle attacks maninthemiddle attacker entices computers log computer set soft ap access point.done hacker connects real access point another wireless card offering steady flow traffic transparent hacking computer real network.hacker sniff traffic.one type maninthemiddle attack relies security faults challenge ... |
Wireless security | denial service denialofservice attack dos occurs attacker continually bombards targeted ap access point network bogus requests premature successful connection messages failure messages andor commands.cause legitimate users able get network may even cause network crash.attacks rely abuse protocols extensible authenticat... |
Wireless security | network injection network injection attack hacker make use access points exposed nonfiltered network traffic specifically broadcasting network traffic “spanning tree” .d ospf rip hsrp.hacker injects bogus networking reconfiguration commands affect routers switches intelligent hubs.whole network brought manner require r... |
Wireless security | using process targets windows wireless stack possible obtain wep key remote client.sending flood encrypted arp requests assailant takes advantage shared key authentication message modification flaws .wep.attacker uses arp responses obtain wep key less minutes.wireless intrusion prevention concepts three principal ways ... |
Wireless security | restrictions may include encryption checks mac address.wireless intrusion prevention systems used provide wireless lan security network model.for commercial providers hotspots large organizations preferred solution often open unencrypted completely isolated wireless network.users first access internet local network res... |
Wireless security | one general solution may endtoend encryption independent authentication resources shouldnt available public.there ready designed system prevent fraudulent usage wireless communication protect data functions wirelessly communicating computers entities.however system qualifying taken measures whole according common under... |
Wireless security | wips typically implemented overlay existing wireless lan infrastructure although may deployed standalone enforce nowireless policies within organization.wips considered important wireless security july payment card industry security standards council published wireless guidelines pci dss recommending use wips automate ... |
Wireless security | mac id filtering one simplest techniques allow access known preapproved mac addresses.wireless access points contain type mac id filtering.however attacker simply sniff mac address authorized client spoof address.static ip addressing typical wireless access points provide ip addresses clients via dhcp.requiring clients... |
Wireless security | .security ieee .x ieee standard authentication mechanisms devices wishing attach wireless lan.regular wep wired equivalent privacy wep encryption standard original encryption standard wireless since ratification wpa ieee declared deprecated often supported seldom never default modern equipment.concerns raised security ... |
Wireless security | using long enough random password e.g.random letters passphrase e.g.randomly chosen words makes preshared key wpa virtually uncrackable.second generation wpa security protocol wpa based final ieee .i amendment .standard eligible fips compliance. |
Wireless security | encryption schemes client network knows keys read traffic.wifi protected access wpa softwarefirmware improvement wep.regular wlanequipment worked wep able simply upgraded new equipment needs bought.wpa trimmeddown version .i security standard developed ieee .replace wep.tkip encryption algorithm developed wpa provide i... |
Wireless security | devices.wpa profile also provides optional support aesccmp algorithm preferred algorithm .i wpa.wpa enterprise provides radius based authentication using .x.wpa personal uses preshared shared key psk establish security using character passphrase.psk may also entered character hexadecimal string.weak psk passphrases bro... |
Wireless security | wireless suites aircrackng crack weak passphrase less minute.wepwpa crackers airsnort auditor security collection.still wpa personal secure used ‘good’ passphrases full character hexadecimal key.there information however erik tews man created fragmentation attack wep going reveal way breaking wpa tkip implementation to... |
Wireless security | also vpnnetworks noncontinuous secure network connections may set .standard.vpn implementations include pptp ltp ipsec ssh.however extra layer security may also cracked tools anger deceit ettercap pptp ikescan ikeprobe ipsectrace ikecrack ipsecconnections.tkip stands temporal key integrity protocol acronym pronounced t... |
Wireless security | tkip implements perpacket key mixing rekeying system also provides message integrity check.avoid problems wep.eap wpaimprovement ieee .x standard already improved authentication authorization access wireless wired lans.addition extra measures extensible authentication protocol eap initiated even greater amount security... |
Wireless security | unfortunately maryland professor discovered shortcomings.next years shortcomings addressed use tls enhancements.new version eap called extended eap available several versions include eapmd peapv peapv eapmschapv leap eapfast eaptls eapttls mschapv eapsim.eapversions eapversions include leap peap eaps.leapthis stands li... |
Wireless security | eapversion safer eapmd.also uses mac address authentication.leap secure thcleapcracker used break cisco’s version leap used computers connected access point form dictionary attack.anwrap asleap finally crackers capable breaking leap.peapthis stands protected extensible authentication protocol.protocol allows secure tra... |
Wireless security | developed cisco microsoft rsa security.other eapsthere types extensible authentication protocol implementations based eap framework.framework established supports existing eap types well future authentication methods.eaptls offers good protection mutual authentication.client network authenticated using certificates per... |
Wireless security | eapttls another alternative made certicom funk software.convenient one need distribute certificates users yet offers slightly less protection eaptls.restricted access networks solutions include newer system authentication ieee .x promises enhance security wired wireless networks.wireless access points incorporate techn... |
Wireless security | technologies add encryption parts communication path still allowing people spy traffic gained access wired network somehow.solution may encryption authorization application layer using technologies like ssl ssh gnupg pgp similar.the disadvantage endtoend method may fail cover traffic.encryption router level vpn single ... |
Wireless security | web web sites offer https even browser sends ip addresses clear text.the prized resource often access internet.office lan owner seeking restrict access face nontrivial enforcement task user authenticate router..i security newest rigorous security implement wlans today .i rsnstandard.fullfledged .i standard uses wpav ho... |
Wireless security | one make sure one needs wrap ccmpequipment hardware standards compatible.wpav wpa wifi alliance branded version final .i standard.primary enhancement wpa inclusion aesccmp algorithm mandatory feature.wpa wpa support eap authentication methods using radius servers preshared key psk.the number wpa wpa networks increasing... |
Wireless security | named page ieee .i specification vulnerability discussed.order exploit performed gtk must known attacker.additions wpav unlike .x .i already additional securityservices tkip.wpav wpav may work cooperation eap wids.wapi stands wlan authentication privacy infrastructure. |
Wireless security | wireless security standard defined chinese government.smart cards usb tokens software tokens security token use method authentication relying upon authorized users possessing requisite token.smart cards physical tokens cards utilize embedded integrated circuit chip authentication requiring card reader.usb tokens physic... |
Wireless security | significantly improve wireless security difficult hackers receive signals beyond controlled area facility parking lot.denial service defense dos attacks easy detect.however lot difficult stop even detection.three common ways stop dos attack.black holing black holing one possible way stopping dos attack. |
Wireless security | situation drop ip packets attacker.good longterm strategy attackers change source address quickly.this may negative effects done automatically.attacker could knowingly spoof attack packets ip address corporate partner.automated defenses could block legitimate traffic partner cause additional problems.validating handsha... |
Wireless security | firewalls address syn floods prevalidating tcp handshake.done creating false opens.whenever syn segment arrives firewall sends back synack segment without passing syn segment target server.only firewall gets back ack would happen legitimate connection would firewall send original syn segment server originally intended.... |
Wireless security | broadcasting internal network could still used limited rate example.subtle dos attacks.good attack aimed single server keeps transmission lines least partially open communication.rate limiting frustrates attacker legitimate users.helps fully solve problem.dos traffic clogs access line going internet nothing border fire... |
Wireless security | dos attacks problems community stopped help isps organizations whose computers taken bots used attack firms.mobile devices increasing number mobile devices .x interfaces security mobile devices becomes concern.open standards kismet targeted towards securing laptops access points solutions extend towards covering mobile... |
Wireless security | implementing network encryption order implement .i one must first make sure routeraccess points well client devices indeed equipped support network encryption.done server radius ads nds ldap needs integrated.server computer local network access point router integrated authentication server remote server.apsrouters inte... |
Wireless security | server software required enterprise authentication server radius ads nds ldap.required software picked various suppliers microsoft cisco funk software meetinghouse data opensource projects.software includesaradial radius servercisco secure access control softwarefreeradius opensourcefunk software steel belted radius od... |
Wireless security | radius server also configured enforce user policies restrictions well record accounting information connection time purposes billing.open access points today almost full wireless network coverage many urban areas – infrastructure wireless community network consider future internet already place.one could roam around al... |
Wireless security | channel handle multiple networks places many private wireless networks example apartment complexes limited number wifi radio channels might cause slowness problems.according advocates open access points shouldnt involve significant risks open wireless networks publicthe wireless network confined small geographical area... |
Wireless security | argument anyone sniff traffic applies wired networks system administrators possible hackers access links read traffic.also anyone knowing keys encrypted wireless network gain access data transferred network.if services like file shares access printers etc.available local net advisable authentication i.e.password access... |
Wireless security | also many contracts isps specify connection may shared persons.see also aircrackngelectromagnetic shieldingkismetkracklist router firmware projectsmobile securitypayment card industry data security standardstealth wallpapertempest codenamewireless intrusion prevention systemwireless public key infrastructure wpkiexploi... |
Security testing | .boyle randall panko raymond.corporate computer security.upper saddle river new jersey.external links wireless security curliehow secure wireless home network wikihowdue logical limitations security testing passing security testing process indication flaws exist system adequately satisfies security requirements.typical... |
Security testing | integrity integrity information refers protecting information modified unauthorized partiesa measure intended allow receiver determine information provided system correct.integrity schemes often use underlying technologies confidentiality schemes usually involve adding information communication form basis algorithmic c... |
Security testing | nonrepudiation way guarantee sender message cannot later deny sent message recipient cannot deny received message.a senderid usually header transmitted along message recognises message source.taxonomy common terms used delivery security testingdiscovery purpose stage identify systems within scope services use.intended ... |
Security testing | example would removing common false positives report deciding risk levels applied report finding improve business understanding context.security assessment builds upon vulnerability assessment adding manual verification confirm exposure include exploitation vulnerabilities gain access.verification could form authorized... |
Security testing | test approached using consistent complete methodology way allows tester use problem solving abilities output range tools knowledge networking systems find vulnerabilities would could identified automated tools.approach looks depth attack compared security assessment approach looks broader coverage.security audit driven... |
Security operations center | comprises three building blocks managing enhancing organizations security posture people processes technology.thereby governance compliance provide framework tying together building blocks.soc within building facility central location staff supervises site using data processing technology.typically soc equipped access ... |
Security operations center | united states government transportation security administration united states implemented security operations centers airports federalized security.primary function tsa security operations centers act communication hub security personnel law enforcement airport personnel various agencies involved daily operations airpo... |
Quantum complex network | soc usually first notified incidents airports discovery prohibited itemscontraband weapons explosives hazardous materials well incidents regarding flight delays unruly passengers injuries damaged equipment various types potential security threats.soc turn relays information pertaining incidents tsa federal security dir... |
Quantum complex network | according findings network science network topology extremely important many cases existing large scale communication networks tend nontrivial topologies characteristics small world effect community structure scalefree network.study networks quantum properties complex network topologies help us better understand networ... |
Quantum complex network | entanglement quantum entanglement physical phenomenon characterized correlation quantum states two particles.entangled particles interact classical sense quantum state particles cannot described independently due entanglement.particles entangled many ways.maximally entangled states ones maximize entropy entanglement.co... |
Quantum complex network | bell measurement bell measurement kind joint quantummechanical measurement two qubits measurement two qubits maximally entangled.entanglement swapping entanglement swapping frequently used strategy used study quantum networks allows connections network change.example suppose qubits b c qubits c belong station c belong ... |
Quantum complex network | network structure models quantum complex networks follow exactly structure usually models node represents set qubits station operations like bell measurements entanglement swapping applied edge node displaystyle j displaystyle j means qubit node displaystyle entangled qubit node j displaystyle j although two qubits dif... |
Quantum complex network | four states bell states maximize entropy entanglement two qubits written follows φ j ⟩ ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j displaystyle phi ijrangle frac sqrt rangle iotimes rangle jrangle iotimes rangle j φ j − ⟩ ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j − ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j displaystyle phi ijrangle frac sqrt rangle iotimes rangle jrangle iotimes rangle j ψ j ⟩ ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j ⟩ ⊗ ⟩ j dis... |
Quantum complex network | initial quantum complex network infinite number nodes perseguers et al.showed right measurements entanglement swapping possible collapse initial network network containing finite subgraph provided p displaystyle p scales n displaystyle n p ∼ n z textstyle psim nz z ≥ − displaystyle zgeq .result contrary find classical ... |
Quantum complex network | nodes distributed lattice complex network pair neighbors share two pairs entangled qubits converted maximally entangled qubit pair probability p displaystyle p .think maximally entangled qubits true links nodes.classical percolation theory probability p displaystyle p two nodes connected critical value p displaystyle p... |
Quantum complex network | main difference classical entangled percolation quantum networks possible change links network way changing effective topology network.result p c displaystyle pc depends strategy one uses convert partially entangled qubits maximally connected qubits.naïve approach p c displaystyle pc quantum network equal p c displayst... |
Information-theoretic security | contrast system depends computational cost cryptanalysis secure thus broken attack unlimited computation called computationally conditionally secure.overview encryption protocol informationtheoretic security impossible break even infinite computational power.protocols proven informationtheoretically secure resistant fu... |
Information-theoretic security | variety cryptographic tasks informationtheoretic security meaningful useful requirement.aresecret sharing schemes shamirs informationtheoretically secure also perfectly secure less requisite number shares secret provides information secret.more generally secure multiparty computation protocols often informationtheoreti... |
Information-theoretic security | informationtheoretic secure dependent resource limits.example rsa relies assertion factoring large numbers hard.a weaker notion security defined aaron d. wyner established nowflourishing area research known physical layer encryption.exploits physical wireless channel security communications signal processing coding tec... |
Information-theoretic security | intuitive wyner measured secrecy information theoretic terms defining secrecy capacity essentially rate alice transmit secret information bob.shortly afterward imre csiszár körner showed secret communication possible even eve statistically better channel alice bob did.the basic idea information theoretic approach secur... |
Information-theoretic security | one paper negi goel details implementation khisti wornell computed secrecy capacity statistics eves channel known.parallel work information theory community work antenna community termed nearfield direct antenna modulation directional modulation.it shown using parasitic array transmitted modulation different directions... |
System administrator | see also leftover hash lemma privacy amplificationsemantic security referencessystem administrator seeks ensure uptime performance resources security computers manage meet needs users without exceeding set budget so.to meet needs system administrator may acquire install upgrade computer components software provide rout... |
System administrator | responsibilities may also include software change management.a computer operator performs routine maintenance upkeep changing backup tapes replacing failed drives redundant array independent disks raid.tasks usually require physical presence room computer less skilled sysadmin tasks may require similar level trust sinc... |
System administrator | skills subject matter system administration includes computer systems ways people use organization.entails knowledge operating systems applications well hardware software troubleshooting also knowledge purposes people organization use computers.perhaps important skill system administrator problem solving—frequently var... |
System administrator | depending sysadmins role skillset may expected understand equivalent keycore concepts software engineer understands.said system administrators software engineers developers job title sense.particularly dealing internetfacing businesscritical systems sysadmin must strong grasp computer security.includes merely deploying... |
System administrator | example dedicated individuals may apply system upgrades quality assurance qa team may perform testing validation one technical writers may responsible technical documentation written company.system administrators larger organizations tend systems architects systems engineers systems designers.in smaller organizations s... |
Access control | nov. thomas a. limoncelli christine hogan strata r. chalupthe practice cloud system administration designing operating large distributed systems volume addisonwesley sep. thomas a. limoncelli christine hogan strata r. chalupprinciples network system administration j. wiley sons nd ed.mark burgesstime management system ... |
Access control | alternative access control strict sense physically controlling access system checking authorized presence see e.g.ticket controller transportation.variant exit control e.g.shop checkout country.the term access control refers practice restricting entrance property building room authorized persons.physical access control... |
Access control | within environments physical key management may also employed means managing monitoring access mechanically keyed areas access certain small assets.physical access control matter when.access control system determines allowed enter exit allowed exit enter allowed enter exit.historically partially accomplished keys locks... |
Access control | mechanical locks keys provide records key used specific door keys easily copied transferred unauthorized person.mechanical key lost key holder longer authorized use protected area locks must rekeyed.electronic access control electronic access control eac uses computers solve limitations mechanical locks keys.wide range... |
Access control | access granted door unlocked predetermined time transaction recorded.access refused door remains locked attempted access recorded.system also monitor door alarm door forced open held open long unlocked.when credential presented reader reader sends credentials information usually number control panel highly reliable pro... |
Access control | match credential access control list control panel operates relay turn unlocks door.control panel also ignores door open signal prevent alarm.often reader provides feedback flashing red led access denied flashing green led access granted.the description illustrates single factor transaction.credentials passed around th... |
Access control | alice either gives bob credential bob takes access server room.prevent twofactor authentication used.two factor transaction presented credential second factor needed access granted another factor pin second credential operator intervention biometric input.there three types factors authenticating informationsomething us... |
Access control | example user may password forgotten smart card.scenario user known designated cohorts cohorts may provide smart card password combination extant factor user question thus provide two factors user missing credential giving three factors overall allow access.credential credential physicaltangible object piece knowledge f... |
Access control | typical credential access card keyfob newer software also turn users smartphones access devices.there many card technologies including magnetic stripe bar code wiegand khz proximity bit cardswipe contact smart cards contactless smart cards.also available keyfobs compact id cards attach key ring.biometric technologies i... |
Access control | access control system components components access control system includean access control panel also known controlleran accesscontrolled entry door turnstile parking gate elevator physical barriera reader installed near entry.cases exit also controlled second reader used opposite side entry.locking hardware electric d... |
Access control | cases lock must electrically unlocked exit requesttoexit device also unlocks door.access control topology access control decisions made comparing credentials access control list.lookup done host server access control panel reader.development access control systems observed steady push lookup central host edge system re... |
Access control | lookup control functions control panel.spokes communicate serial connection usually rs.manufactures pushing decision making edge placing controller door.controllers ip enabled connect host database using standard networks types readers access control readers may classified functions able performbasic nonintelligent rea... |
Access control | typically wiegand protocol used transmitting data control panel options rs rs clockdata uncommon.popular type access control readers.examples readers rf tiny rflogics proxpoint hid p farpointe data.semiintelligent readers inputs outputs necessary control door hardware lock door contact exit button make access decisions... |
Access control | usually semiintelligent readers connected control panel via rs bus.examples readers infoprox lite ipl cem systems ap apollo.intelligent readers inputs outputs necessary control door hardware also memory processing power necessary make access decisions independently.like semiintelligent readers connected control panel v... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.