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TCP offload engine | nic splits buffer separate packets.technique also called tcp segmentation offload tso generic segmentation offload gso applied tcp.lso lro independent use one require use other.system needs send large chunks data computer network chunks first need breaking smaller segments pass network elements like routers switches so... |
TCP offload engine | often tcp protocol host computer performs segmentation.offloading work nic called tcp segmentation offload tso.for example unit kib bytes data usually segmented segments bytes sent nic network.intelligence nic host cpu hand kb data nic single transmitrequest nic break data smaller segments bytes add tcp ip data link la... |
TCP offload engine | support linux unlike operating systems freebsd linux kernel include support toe confused types network offload.patches hardware manufacturers chelsio qlogic add toe support linux kernel developers opposed technology several reasonssecurity – toe implemented hardware patches must applied toe firmware instead software ad... |
TCP offload engine | furthermore toe firmware cannot easily modified since closedsource.obsolescence – toe nic limited lifetime usefulness system hardware rapidly catches toe performance levels eventually exceeds toe performance levels.suppliers much current work toe technology manufacturers gigabit ethernet interface cards broadcom chelsi... |
TCP offload engine | usenix association.retrieved july .tcpip offload engine toe.gigabit ethernet alliance.april .windows network task offloadgso linuxbrief description lso linuxcase studies performance issues lso traffic shaping linuxfreebsd .new features brief discussion tso support |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | series revolves around woman dreams becoming entrepreneur like steve jobs love triangle man secretly first love another man pretending first love.aired tvn october december every saturday sunday kst.available streaming netflix.synopsis set south koreas fictional silicon valley called sandbox startup tells story people ... |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | bright energy person great vitality experience wide range parttime jobs.nam dosan nam joohyuk founder samsan tech.‘math genius’ genius savant young boy dosan pride family became shame business going past two years.finds dalmi mistakenly remembers first love decides work way hopes turning misunderstanding reality.cast m... |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | however shes also adventurer grand plan herself.drive also came abandoned mother sister young age.also experience wide range parttime jobs person great vitality.nam joohyuk nam dosankim kanghoon young nam dosandosan founder samsan tech.pride family math genius shy cannot even look people eye.gone nowhere past two years... |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | name seo dalmi mistakenly believes ‘cool first love’ although never knew her.decides begin startup hope turning seo dalmis misunderstanding reality.kim seonho han jipyeongnam dareum young han jipyeonga team leader sh venture capital astonishing investment skills sharp tongue earn nickname “the gordon ramsay investments... |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | eventually realizes background secondgeneration chaebol weakness everything create success acknowledged skills.supporting seo dalmi injaes family kim haesook choi wondeok seo chungmyungs mother seo dalmi injaes grandmothersong seonmi cha ahhyun seo dalmi injaes motherhaving divorced husband quitting job ends marrying w... |
Start-Up (South Korean TV series) | nam dosans family kim heejung park geumjung dosans motherkim wonhae nam sunghwan nam dosans fatherjang sehyun nam chunho nam dosans cousin sh venture capital seo yisook yoon seonhak ceo sandbox sh venture capital.kim minseok park dongcheon assistant secretary jipyeong mentoring manager sandboxs th batch.others jasper c... |
StarTeam | kim jaeha teen vogue including list best kdramas said startup reinforces idea matter fractured family ties remain – better worse .viewership series logged .viewership rating first episode.awards nominations notes references external links official website koreanstartup studio dragon koreanstartup history dc koreanstart... |
StarTeam | starteam allows live backups server active use includes optional publishsubscribe event system called starteam mpx enhance scalability.in addition file versioning starteam also stores requirements project tasks change requests discussions.interlinked enhance traceability within project.clients starteam includes number ... |
StarTeam | checkins checkins starteam atomic.whenever one file checked result single transaction files associated process items updated single action.reason checkin fails none files checked status associated process items updated.example suppose user selects check modified files starteam folder one selected files locked user b. l... |
StarTeam | apress.pp.–.isbn .robert a. delrossi august .configurationmanagement software home away starteam version control more. |
StarTeam | infoworld.p. .issn .review version .larry seltzer may .team programming. |
StarTeam | pc magazine.pp.–.issn .reviews starbase collaboration suite featured roundup review similar products online versiondarryl k. taft borland tops scm survey. |
Open Shortest Path First | developers choose borlands starteam top software configuration management tool evans data poll.eweek external links current starteam product pagestarteam .datasheetstarteam .page archiveduses link state routing lsr algorithm falls group interior gateway protocols igps operating within single autonomous system as.ospf g... |
Open Shortest Path First | updates ipv specified ospf version rfc .ospf supports classless interdomain routing cidr addressing model.concepts ospf interior gateway protocol igp routing internet protocol ip packets within single routing domain autonomous system.gathers link state information available routers constructs topology map network.topol... |
Open Shortest Path First | computes shortestpath tree route using method based dijkstras algorithm.ospf routing policies constructing route table governed link metrics associated routing interface.cost factors may distance router roundtrip time data throughput link link availability reliability expressed simple unitless numbers.provides dynamic ... |
Open Shortest Path First | convention area zero ... represents core backbone area ospf network.identifications areas may chosen administrators often select ip address main router area area identifier.additional area must connection ospf backbone area.connections maintained interconnecting router known area border router abr.abr maintains separat... |
Open Shortest Path First | encapsulates data directly ip packets protocol number .contrast routing protocols routing information protocol rip border gateway protocol bgp.ospf implements transport error detection correction functions.ospf uses multicast addressing distributing route information within broadcast domain.reserves multicast addresses... |
Open Shortest Path First | nonbroadcast networks special provisions configuration facilitate neighbor discovery.ospf multicast ip packets never traverse ip routers never travel one hop.protocol may therefore considered link layer protocol often also attributed application layer tcpip model.virtual link feature used create adjacency tunnel across... |
Open Shortest Path First | ospfv ipv relies standard ipv protocol security ipsec internal authentication methods.for routing ip multicast traffic ospf supports multicast open shortest path first mospf protocol.cisco include mospf ospf implementations.protocol independent multicast pim conjunction ospf igps widely deployed.ospf version introduces... |
Open Shortest Path First | ip prefix information removed linkstate advertisements hello discovery packet making ospfv essentially protocolindependent.despite expanded ip addressing bits ipv area router identifications still based bit numbers.router relationships ospf supports complex networks multiple routers including backup routers balance tra... |
Open Shortest Path First | detection initiated router identifies hello protocol packet.upon acknowledgment establishes twoway state basic relationship.routers ethernet frame relay network select designated router dr backup designated router bdr act hub reduce traffic routers.ospf uses unicast multicast transmission modes send hello packets links... |
Open Shortest Path First | two ospf routers neighbors members subnet share area id subnet mask timers authentication.essence ospf neighborship relationship two routers allow see understand nothing more.ospf neighbors exchange routing information – packets exchange hello packets.ospf adjacencies formed selected neighbors allow exchange routing in... |
Open Shortest Path First | two routers become adjacent least one designated router backup designated router multiaccesstype networks interconnected pointtopoint pointtomultipoint network type.forming neighbor relationship interfaces used form relationship must ospf area.interface may configured belong multiple areas generally practiced.configure... |
Open Shortest Path First | using multicastnonbroadcast multiaccess use designated routers.may need static configuration.packets sent unicastpointtomultipoint ospf treats neighbours pointtopoint links.designated router elected.using multicast. |
Open Shortest Path First | separate hello packets sent neighbor.pointtopoint.router advertises periodically multicasting hello packets.designated router elected.interface ip unnumbered without assigning unique ip address it.using multicast.virtual links packets sent unicast. |
Open Shortest Path First | configured nonbackbone area stubarea.endpoints need abr virtual links behave unnumbered pointtopoint connections.cost intraarea path two routers added link.virtual link generic routing encapsulation gre.since ospf support virtual links areas backbone.workaround use gre backbone area. |
Open Shortest Path First | note ip router id used link creates two equalcost routes destination.sham link link connects sites belong ospf area share ospf backdoor link via mpls vpn backbone.adjacency state machine ospf router within network communicates neighboring routers connecting interface establish states adjacencies.every communication seq... |
Open Shortest Path First | state immediately precedes establishment adjacency.lowest state router may considered designated router.exstart exstart state first step adjacency two routers.exchange exchange state router sending linkstate database information adjacent neighbor.state router able exchange ospf routing protocol packets.loading loading ... |
Open Shortest Path First | area includes connecting router interface connected network link.router maintains separate linkstate database area whose information may summarized towards rest network connecting router.thus topology area unknown outside area.reduces routing traffic parts autonomous system.ospf handle thousands routers concern reachin... |
Open Shortest Path First | many resources refer ospf guides years ago impressive mb ram.areas uniquely identified bit numbers.area identifiers commonly written dotdecimal notation familiar ipv addressing.however ip addresses may duplicate without conflict ipv address.area identifiers ipv implementations ospfv also use bit identifiers written not... |
Open Shortest Path First | although covered rfc standards considered many standard features ospf implementations.ospf defines several area types backbonenonbackboneregularstubtotally stubbynotsostubbytotally notsostubbytransit.backbone area backbone area also known area area ... forms core ospf network.areas connected either directly routers.osp... |
Open Shortest Path First | logical physical structure ospf domain attached nonzero areas ospf domain.note ospf term autonomous system boundary router asbr historic sense many ospf domains coexist internetvisible autonomous system rfc .all ospf areas must connect backbone area.connection however virtual link.example assume area ... physical conne... |
Open Shortest Path First | regular area regular area nonbackbone nonzero area without specific feature generating receiving summary external lsas.backbone area special type area.transit area transit area area two ospf border routers used pass network traffic one adjacent area another.transit area originate traffic destination traffic.backbone ar... |
Open Shortest Path First | stub area hello packets e flag high indication external routing capablea stub area area receive route advertisements external routing within area based entirely default route.abr deletes type lsas internal routers sends default route ... turns default gateway.reduces lsdb routing table size internal routers.modificatio... |
Open Shortest Path First | way traffic get routed outside area default route type lsa advertised area.one route area fewer routing decisions made route processor lowers system resource utilization.occasionally said tsa one abr.notsostubby area hello packets n flag set high indication nssa supporteda notsostubby area nssa type stub area import au... |
Open Shortest Path First | totally notsostubby area addition standard functionality nssa totally stubby nssa nssa takes attributes tsa meaning type summary routes flooded type area.also possible declare area totally stubby notsostubby means area receive default route area ... also contain autonomous system boundary router asbr accepts external r... |
Open Shortest Path First | general asbr advertise default tsanssa although work extremely careful design operation limited special cases advertisement makes sense.by declaring totally stubby area nssa external routes backbone except default route enter area discussed.externals reach area ... via tsanssa routes default route enter tsanssa.routers... |
Open Shortest Path First | abr keeps multiple instances linkstate database memory one area router connected.backbone router bra backbone router interface backbone area.backbone routers may also area routers be.autonomous system boundary router asbran autonomous system boundary router router connected using one routing protocol exchanges routing ... |
Open Shortest Path First | asbr creates external lsas external addresses floods areas via abr.routers areas use abrs next hops access external addresses.abrs forward packets asbr announces external addresses.the router type attribute ospf process.given physical router may one ospf processes.example router connected one area receives routes bgp p... |
Open Shortest Path First | ... ip address.identifier must established every ospf instance.explicitly configured highest logical ip address duplicated router identifier.however since router identifier ip address part routable subnet network often isnt avoid confusion.nonpointtopoint network networks subnet ospf routers system designated router dr... |
Open Shortest Path First | routers multiaccess network segment form slavemaster relationship dr bdr.form adjacencies dr bdr only.every time router sends update sends dr bdr multicast address .... dr send update routers area multicast address .... way routers constantly update rather get updates single source.use multicasting reduces network load... |
Open Shortest Path First | drs also elected nbma nonbroadcast multiaccess networks frame relay atm.drs bdrs elected pointtopoint links pointtopoint wan connection two routers either side link must become fully adjacent bandwidth cannot optimized.dr nondr routers evolve way full adjacency relationships exchanging dd request update.designated rout... |
Open Shortest Path First | usually wise configure individual virtual circuits nbma subnet individual pointtopoint lines techniques used implementationdependent.backup designated router backup designated router bdr router becomes designated router current designated router problem fails.bdr ospf router secondhighest priority time last election.a ... |
Open Shortest Path First | ... would higher ....usually router secondhighest priority number becomes bdr.the priority values range – higher value increasing chances becoming dr bdr.if higher priority ospf router comes online election taken place become dr bdr least dr bdr fail.if current dr goes current bdr becomes new dr new election takes plac... |
Open Shortest Path First | messages establish relationships neighboring devices called adjacencies communicate key parameters ospf used autonomous system area.normal operation routers send hello messages neighbors regular intervals hello interval router stops receiving hello messages neighbor set period dead interval router assume neighbor gone ... |
Open Shortest Path First | link state packets link state request lsrlink state request messages used one router request updated information portion lsdb another router.message specifies links requesting device wants current information.link state update lsulinkstate update messages contain updated information state certain links lsdb.sent respon... |
Open Shortest Path First | matrix accepted lsas.routing metrics ospf uses path cost basic routing metric defined standard equate standard value speed network designer could pick metric important design.practice determined comparing speed interface referencebandwidth ospf process.cost determined dividing reference bandwidth interface speed althou... |
Open Shortest Path First | speeds less rounded .example table shows routing metric cost calculation interface.type lsa size bit field decimaltype lsa size bit field decimalospf layer protocol layer switch two devices running ospf one side may negotiate speed different side.create asymmetric routing link router router could cost return path could... |
Open Shortest Path First | despite expanded ip addressing bits ipv area router identifications still based bit numbers.high level changes except virtual links neighbor exchanges use ipv linklocal addressing exclusively.ipv protocol runs per link rather based subnet.all ip prefix information removed linkstate advertisements hello discovery packet... |
Open Shortest Path First | lsa format changes lsa type field changed .add support handling unknown lsa typesthree bits used encoding flooding scope.with ipv addresses lsas expressed prefix prefix length.in routerlsas networklsas address information removed.routerlsas networklsas made network protocol independent.a new lsa type added linklsa link... |
Open Shortest Path First | using ospfte information topology exchanged using opaque lsa carrying type–length–value elements.extensions allow ospfte run completely band data plane network.means also used nonip networks optical networks.ospfte used gmpls networks means describe topology gmpls paths established.gmpls uses path setup forwarding prot... |
Open Shortest Path First | multicast open shortest path first multicast open shortest path first mospf protocol extension ospf support multicast routing.mospf allows routers share information group memberships.ospf broadcast nonbroadcast networks broadcast multipleaccess networks neighbor adjacency formed dynamically using multicast hello packet... |
Open Shortest Path First | many features allow imposition policies propagation routes may appropriate keep local load sharing selective route importing.isis contrast tuned lower overhead stable network sort common isp enterprise networks.historical accidents made isis preferred igp isps isps today may well choose use features nowefficient implem... |
Open Shortest Path First | default route different isps injected different external costs type ii external route lowercost default becomes primary exit highercost becomes backup only.the real limiting factor may compel major isps select isis ospf network routers.see also fabric shortest path firstmesh networkingroute analyticsroutingshortest pat... |
Open Shortest Path First | routing tcpip.vol.nd ed.. cisco press.isbn .moy john t. .ospf anatomy internet routing protocol. |
Open Shortest Path First | addisonwesley.isbn .parkhurst william r. .cisco ospf command configuration handbook.isbn .basu anindya riecke jon .stability issues ospf routing. |
Open Shortest Path First | proceedings conference applications technologies architectures protocols computer communications.sigcomm .pp.–.citeseerx ..... doi... isbn . |
Open Shortest Path First | scid .valadas rui .ospf isis link state routing principles technologies.crc press.doi.. isbn .external links ietf ospf working groupcisco ospfcisco ospf areas virtual linkssummary ospf v |
Glossary of computer science | abstract data type adta mathematical model data types data type defined behavior semantics point view user data specifically terms possible values possible operations data type behavior operations.contrasts data structures concrete representations data point view implementer rather user.abstract methodone signature imp... |
Glossary of computer science | architectures implemented intelligent agents referred cognitive architectures.agentbased model abma class computational models simulating actions interactions autonomous agents individual collective entities organizations groups view assessing effects system whole.combines elements game theory complex systems emergence... |
Glossary of computer science | ubiquitous computing technologies.algorithm designa method mathematical process problemsolving engineering algorithms.design algorithms part many solution theories operation research dynamic programming divideandconquer.techniques designing implementing algorithm designs also called algorithm design patterns template m... |
Glossary of computer science | ascii codes represent text computers telecommunications equipment devices.modern characterencoding schemes based ascii although support many additional characters.application programming interface apia set subroutine definitions communication protocols tools building software.general terms set clearly defined methods c... |
Glossary of computer science | contrasts system software mainly involved managing computers basic running operations often without direct input user.collective noun application software refers applications collectively.array data structurealso simply array.a data structure consisting collection elements values variables identified least one array in... |
Glossary of computer science | use cases class diagrams unified modeling language uml models requirements design documents help describe function architecture design software.artifacts concerned process development itself—such project plans business cases risk assessments.artificial intelligence aialso machine intelligence.intelligence demonstrated ... |
Glossary of computer science | help programmer read code help compiler compile help program detect defects.latter programs check assertions actually evaluating predicate run fact true – assertion failure – program considers broken typically deliberately crashes throws assertion failure exception.associative arrayan associative array map symbol table... |
Glossary of computer science | b bandwidththe maximum rate data transfer across given path.bandwidth may characterized network bandwidth data bandwidth digital bandwidth.bayesian programminga formalism methodology technique specify probabilistic models solve problems less necessary information available.benchmarkthe act running computer program set ... |
Glossary of computer science | best case function performs minimum number steps input data n elements worst case function performs maximum number steps input data size n average case function performs average number steps input data n elements.big dataa term used refer data sets large complex traditional dataprocessing application software adequatel... |
Glossary of computer science | bioinformatics widely used silico analyses biological queries using mathematical statistical techniques.bita basic unit information used computing digital communications portmanteau binary digit.binary digit one two possible values may physically represented twostate device.state values commonly represented either or.b... |
Glossary of computer science | opposite whitelist means items list allowed whatever gate used elements blocked.greylist contains items temporarily blocked temporarily allowed additional step performed.bmp file formatalso bitmap image file device independent bitmap dib file format simply bitmap.a raster graphics image file format used store bitmap di... |
Glossary of computer science | logic need always boolean.boolean expressionan expression used programming language returns boolean value evaluated one true false.boolean expression may composed combination boolean constants true false booleantyped variables booleanvalued operators booleanvalued functions.boolean algebrain mathematics mathematical lo... |
Glossary of computer science | initiated hardware button press software command.power switched computer relatively dumb read part storage called readonly memory.small program stored called firmware.poweron selftests importantly allows access types memory like hard disk main memory.firmware loads bigger programs computers main memory runs it. |
Glossary of computer science | c callbackalso callafter function.any executable code passed argument code expected call back execute argument given time.execution may immediate synchronous callback might happen later time asynchronous callback.central processing unit cputhe electronic circuitry within computer carries instructions computer program p... |
Glossary of computer science | term applies role programs devices play client–server model.cleanroom software engineeringa software development process intended produce software certifiable level reliability.cleanroom process originally developed harlan mills several colleagues including alan hevner ibm.focus cleanroom process defect prevention rath... |
Glossary of computer science | may include configuration data documentation help data message templates prewritten code subroutines classes values type specifications.ibms os successors referred partitioned data sets.codingcomputer programming process designing building executable computer program accomplishing specific computing task.programming in... |
Glossary of computer science | process programming thus often requires expertise several different subjects including knowledge application domain specialized algorithms formal logic.coding theorythe study properties codes respective fitness specific applications.codes used data compression cryptography error detection correction data transmission d... |
Glossary of computer science | cognitive scientists study intelligence behavior focus nervous systems represent process transform information.mental faculties concern cognitive scientists include language perception memory attention reasoning emotion understand faculties cognitive scientists borrow fields linguistics psychology artificial intelligen... |
Glossary of computer science | line file data record.record consists one fields separated commas.use comma field separator source name file format.compilera computer program transforms computer code written one programming language source language another programming language target language.compilers type translator support digital devices primaril... |
Glossary of computer science | assembly language object code machine code create executable program.computability theoryalso known recursion theory branch mathematical logic computer science theory computation originated study computable functions turing degrees.field since expanded include study generalized computability definability.areas recursio... |
Glossary of computer science | field broadly defined includes foundations biology applied mathematics statistics biochemistry chemistry biophysics molecular biology genetics genomics computer science evolution.computational biology different biological computing subfield computer science computer engineering using bioengineering biology build comput... |
Glossary of computer science | historically computational physics first application modern computers science subset computational science.computational sciencealso scientific computing scientific computation sc.an interdisciplinary field uses advanced computing capabilities understand solve complex problems.area science spans many disciplines core i... |
Glossary of computer science | definitions computer architecture involves instruction set architecture design microarchitecture design logic design implementation.computer data storagealso simply storage memory.a technology consisting computer components recording media used retain digital data.data storage core function fundamental component modern... |
Glossary of computer science | computer networks computing devices exchange data using connections data links nodes.data links established cable media wires optic cables wireless media wifi.computer programis collection instructions executed computer perform specific task.computer programmingthe process designing building executable computer program... |
Glossary of computer science | purpose programming find sequence instructions automate performance task solving given problem.process programming thus often requires expertise several different subjects including knowledge application domain specialized algorithms formal logic.computer sciencethe theory experimentation engineering form basis design ... |
Glossary of computer science | includes study algorithmic processes development hardware software.scientific engineering mathematical technological social aspects.major computing fields include computer engineering computer science cybersecurity data science information systems information technology software engineering.concatenationin formal langu... |
Glossary of computer science | allows parallel execution concurrent units significantly improve overall speed execution multiprocessor multicore systems.technical terms concurrency refers decomposability property program algorithm problem orderindependent partiallyordered components units.conditionalalso conditional statement conditional expression ... |
Glossary of computer science | underlying inherited implementations various container types may vary size complexity provide flexibility choosing right implementation given scenario.continuationpassing style cpsa style functional programming control passed explicitly form continuation.contrasted direct style usual style programming.gerald jay sussma... |
Glossary of computer science | generally cryptography constructing analyzing protocols prevent third parties public reading private messages various aspects information security data confidentiality data integrity authentication nonrepudiation central modern cryptography.modern cryptography exists intersection disciplines mathematics computer scienc... |
Glossary of computer science | example syslogd daemon implements system logging facility sshd daemon serves incoming ssh connections.data centeralso data centre.a dedicated space used house computer systems associated components telecommunications data storage systems.generally includes redundant backup components infrastructure power supply data co... |
Glossary of computer science | data mining analysis step knowledge discovery databases process kdd.aside raw analysis step also involves database data management aspects data preprocessing model inference considerations interestingness metrics complexity considerations postprocessing discovered structures visualization online updating.data sciencean... |
Glossary of computer science | precisely data structure collection data values relationships among functions operations applied data.data typealso simply type.an attribute data tells compiler interpreter programmer intends use data.programming languages support common data types real integer boolean.data type constrains values expression variable fu... |
Glossary of computer science | debugging tactics involve interactive debugging control flow analysis unit testing integration testing log file analysis monitoring application system level memory dumps profiling.declarationin computer programming language construct specifies properties identifier declares word identifier means.declarations commonly u... |
Glossary of computer science | term declaration frequently contrasted term definition meaning usage varies significantly languages.digital datain information theory information systems discrete discontinuous representation information works.numbers letters commonly used representations.digital signal processing dspthe use digital processing computer... |
Glossary of computer science | disk drive device implementing storage mechanism.notable types hard disk drive hdd containing nonremovable disk floppy disk drive fdd removable floppy disk various optical disc drives odd associated optical disc media.distributed computinga field computer science studies distributed systems.distributed system system wh... |
Glossary of computer science | examples distributed systems vary soabased systems massively multiplayer online games peertopeer applications.divide conquer algorithman algorithm design paradigm based multibranched recursion.divideandconquer algorithm works recursively breaking problem two subproblems related type become simple enough solved directly... |
Glossary of computer science | formally represents target subject specific programming project whether narrowly broadly defined.domain name system dnsa hierarchical decentralized naming system computers services resources connected internet private network.associates various information domain names assigned participating entities.prominently transl... |
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