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300	[ { "context": "Is there any board game where a human can still beat an AI? Significant AI vs human board game matches include:\n\nchess: Deep Blue vs Kasparov in 1996,\ngo: DeepMind AlphaGo vs Lee Sedol in 2016,\n\nwhich demonstrated that AI challenged and defeated professional players.\nAre there known board ga...
301	[ { "context": "What is the most sophisticated AI ever made? What is the most advanced AI software/system that humans have made to date, and what does it do?\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null, "tool_calls": null }, { "context": "In my opinion, this would be Phaeaco, whic...
302	[ { "context": "Why are traditional ML models still used over deep neural networks? I'm still on my first steps in the Data Science field. I played with some DL frameworks, like TensorFlow (pure) and Keras (on top) before, and know a little bit of some \"classic machine learning\" algorithms like decision trees, ...
303	[ { "context": "MCTS: How to choose the final action from the root When the time allotted to Monte Carlo tree search runs out, what action should be chosen from the root?\n\nThe original UCT paper (2006) says bestAction in their algorithm.\n\nMonte-Carlo Tree Search: A New Framework for Game AI (2008) says\n\n\n\...
304	[ { "context": "How do we define the reward function for an environment? How do you actually decide what reward value to give for each action in a given state for an environment?\nIs this purely experimental and down to the programmer of the environment? So, is it a heuristic approach of simply trying different r...
305	[ { "context": "Why can’t an artificial neural network figure out what a lava lamp will do next? I was watching a lava lamp and started wondering if a computer could ever predict what the blobs are going to do next.\nIt seems like, in theory, you could record tons of video frames, feed them to a neural network, a...
306	[ { "context": "Why does a one-layer hidden network get more robust to poor initialization with growing number of hidden neurons? In a nutshell: I want to understand why a one hidden layer neural network converges to a good minimum more reliably when a larger number of hidden neurons is used. Below a more detaile...
307	[ { "context": "How would one debug, understand or fix the outcome of a neural network? It seems fairly uncontroversial to say that NN based approaches are becoming quite powerful tools in many AI areas - whether recognising and decomposing images (faces at a border, street scenes in automobiles, decision making ...
308	[ { "context": "Last linear layer of the decoder of a transformer I am learning the transformers architecture from these two sources:\nhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf\nhttps://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/\nI just wanted to ask about the final step in the decoder. Let's fix testing time. As I u...
309	[ { "context": "How can I handle overfitting in reinforcement learning problems? So this is my current result (loss and score per episode) of my RL model in a simple two players game:\n\nI use DQN with CNN as a policy and target networks. I train my model using Adam optimizer and calculate the loss using Smooth L...
310	[ { "context": "What are general ideas behind OpenCog? OpenCog is an open source AGI-project co-founded by the mercurial AI researcher Ben Goertzel. Ben Goertzel writes a lot of stuff, some of it really whacky. Nonetheless, he is clearly very intelligent and has thought deeply about AI for many decades. \nWhat ar...
311	[ { "context": "How much of a problem is white noise for the real-world usage of a DNN? I read that deep neural networks can be relatively easily fooled (link) to give high confidence in recognition of synthetic/artificial images that are completely (or at least mostly) out of the confidence subject.\nPersonally,...
312	[ { "context": "Which machine learning models are universal function approximators? The universal approximation theorem states that a feed-forward neural network with a single hidden layer containing a finite number of neurons can approximate any continuous function (provided some assumptions on the activation f...
313	[ { "context": "Should I use neural networks or genetic algorithms to solve Gomoku? Currently, I'm doing a project that's about creating an AI to play the game Gomoku (it's like tic tac toe, but played on a 1515 board and requires 5 in a row to win). I have already successfully implemented a perfect tic tac toe A...
314	[ { "context": "Why does nobody use decision trees for visual question answering? I'm starting a project that will involve computer vision, visual question answering, and explainability. I am currently choosing what type of algorithm to use for my classifier - a neural network or a decision tree.\nIt would seem t...
315	[ { "context": "Can an AI learn to suffer? I had first this question in mind \"Can an AI suffer?\". Suffering is important for human beings. Imagine that you are damaging your heel. Without pain, you will continue to harm it. Same for an AI. But then I told myself \"Wait a second. It already exists. It is the err...
316	[ { "context": "Why isn't the ElliotSig activation function widely used? The Softsign (a.k.a. ElliotSig) activation function is really simple: \n$$ f(x) = \\frac{x}{1+\|x\|} $$\nIt is bounded $[-1,1]$, has a first derivative, it is monotonic, and it is computationally extremely simple (easy for, e.g., a GPU).\nWhy ...
317	[ { "context": "What are other ways of handling invalid actions in scenarios where all rewards are either 0 (best reward) or negative? I created an OpenAI Gym environment, and I would like to check the performance of the agent from OpenAI Baselines DQN approach on it.\nIn my environment, the best possible outcom...
318	[ { "context": "Would an AI with human intelligence have the same rights as a human under current legal frameworks? For example, would an AI be able to own property, evict tenants, acquire debt, employ, vote, or marry? What are the legal structures in place to implement a strong AI into society? \n", "images"...
319	[ { "context": "What is the relationship between these two taxonomies for machine learning with neural networks? Could you please let me know which of the following classification of Neural Network's learning algorithm is correct? \nThe first one classifies it into:\n\nsupervised, \nunsupervised and \nreinforceme...
320	[ { "context": "Which tasks are called as downstream tasks? The following paragraph is from page no 331 of the textbook Natural Language Processing by Jacob Eisenstein. It mentions about certain type of tasks called as downstream tasks. But, it provide no further examples or details regarding these tasks.\n\nLear...
321	[ { "context": "Which algorithm is used in the robot Sophia to understand and answers the questions? Which algorithm is used in the robot Sophia to understand and answer the questions?\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null, "tool_calls": null }, { "context": "Sophia ,first ,...
322	[ { "context": "How to evaluate a NEAT neural network? I'm trying to write my own implementation of NEAT and I'm stuck on the network evaluate function, which calculates the output of the network.\nNEAT as you may know contains a group of neural networks with continuously evolving topologies by the addition of ne...
323	[ { "context": "Does this argument refuting the existence of superintelligence work? A superintelligence is a machine that can surpass all intellectual activities by any human, and such a machine is often portrayed in science fiction as a machine that brings mankind to an end.\nAny machine is executed using an al...
324	[ { "context": "Why is the status of artificial life software so under-developed? I'm interested in self replicating artificial life (with many agents), so after reviewing the literature with the excellent Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines I started looking for software implementations. I understand that the fi...
325	[ { "context": "What are some examples of Statistical AI applications? I believe that statistical AI uses inductive thought processes. For example, deducing a trend from a pattern, after training.\nWhat are some examples of successfully applied Statistical AI to real-world problems?\n", "images": null, "r...
326	[ { "context": "What is the difference between LSTM and RNN? What is the difference between LSTM and RNN? I know that RNN is a layer used in neural networks, but what exactly is an LSTM? Is it also a layer with the same characteristics?\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null, "tool_c...
327	[ { "context": "Is GPT-4 based on GPT-3 or was it trained from the scratch? To me it looks like GPT-4 is based on GPT-3.\nOn the other hand, there were rumors that training of GPT-3 was done with errors, but re-train was impossible due to the costs.\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null...
328	[ { "context": "How is it possible that the MSE used to train neural networks with gradient descent has multiple local minima? We often train neural networks by optimizing the mean squared error (MSE), which is an equation of a parabola $y=x^2$, with gradient descent.\nWe also say that weight adjustment in a neur...
329	[ { "context": "Why are lambda returns so rarely used in policy gradients? I've seen the Monte Carlo return $G_{t}$ being used in REINFORCE and the TD($0$) target $r_t + \\gamma Q(s', a')$ in vanilla actor-critic. However, I've never seen someone use the lambda return $G^{\\lambda}_{t}$ in these situations, nor i...
330	[ { "context": "Why is the perceptron criterion function differentiable? I'm reading chapter one of the book called Neural Networks and Deep Learning from Aggarwal.\nIn section 1.2.1.1 of the book, I'm learning about the perceptron. One thing that book says is, if we use the sign function for the following loss f...
331	[ { "context": "How can a neural network approximate all functions when the weights are not allowed to grow exponentially? It has been proven in the paper \"Approximation by Superpositions of a Sigmoidal Function\" (by Cybenko, in 1989) that neural networks are universal function approximators. I have a related ...
332	[ { "context": "How does weight normalization work? I was reading the paper Weight Normalization: A Simple Reparameterization to Accelerate Training of Deep Neural Networks about improving the learning of an ANN using weight normalization.\nThey consider standard artificial neural networks where the computation o...
333	[ { "context": "When to use Tanh? When and why would you not use Tanh?\nI just replaced ReLU with Tanh and my model trains about 2x faster, reaching 90% acc within 500 steps.\nWhile using ReLU it reached 90% acc in >1000 training steps.\nI believe the reason it trained faster was due to a steeper gradient (correc...
334	[ { "context": "Is a GPU always faster than a CPU for training neural networks? Currently, I am working on a few projects that use feedforward neural networks for regression and classification of simple tabular data. I have noticed that training a neural network using TensorFlow-GPU is often slower than training ...
335	[ { "context": "When exactly does the split into different heads in Multi-Head-Attention occur? I am confused by the Multi-Head part of the Multi-Head-Attention used in Transformers. My question concerns the implementations in Pytorch of nn.MultiheadAttention and its forward method multi_head_attention_forward an...
336	[ { "context": "What is the difference between a loss function and reward/penalty in Deep Reinforcement Learning? In Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) I am having difficulties in understanding the difference between a Loss function, a reward/penalty and the integration of both in DRL.\n\nLoss function: Given an o...
337	[ { "context": "Why do the standard and deterministic Policy Gradient Theorems differ in their treatment of the derivatives of $R$ and the conditional probability? I would like to understand the difference between the standard policy gradient theorem and the deterministic policy gradient theorem. These two theore...
338	[ { "context": "How is the DQN loss derived from (or theoretically motivated by) the Bellman equation, and how is it related to the Q-learning update? I'm doing a project on Reinforcement Learning. I programmed an agent that uses DDQN. There are a lot of tutorials on that, so the code implementation was not that ...
339	[ { "context": "Why is depth-first search an artificial intelligence algorithm? I'm new to the artificial intelligence field. In our first chapters, there is one topic called \"problem-solving by searching\". After searching for it on the internet, I found the depth-first search algorithm. The algorithm is easy t...
340	[ { "context": "What are the differences between transfer learning and meta learning? What are the differences between meta-learning and transfer learning?\nI have read 2 articles on Quora and TowardDataScience. \n\nMeta learning is a part of machine learning theory in which some\n algorithms are applied on meta...
341	[ { "context": "What's a good resource for getting familiar with reinforcement learning? I am familiar with supervised and unsupervised learning. I did the SaaS course done by Andrew Ng on Coursera.org.\nI am looking for something similar for reinforcement learning.\nCan you recommend something?\n", "images":...
342	[ { "context": "Can someone help me understand the intuition behind the query, key and value matrices in the transformer architecture? I have been working mechanically with transformers, hoping that with time clarity about what the query, key, and value matrices represent will develop; but I am still lost. Would ...
343	[ { "context": "What are the major differences between multi-armed bandits and the other well-known algorithms (DQN, A3C, PPO, etc)? I have studied in the past different algorithms, i.e. DQN, DDQN, REINFORCE, A3C, PPO, TRPO, so on. I am doing an internship this summer where I have to use a multi-armed bandit (MAB...
344	[ { "context": "Why most imperfect information games usually use non machine learning AI? To provide a bit of context, I'm a software engineer & game enthusiast (card games, especially). The thing is I've always been interested in AI oriented to games. In college, I programmed my own Gomoku AI, so I'm a bit famil...
345	[ { "context": "Can AI stop attacks like WannaCry? I have done some research regarding the application of machine learning to cyber-security. After these recent attacks (like WannaCry), I think that AI-based cyber defense can prevent them. I have also read about research regarding the same in MIT, and that AI can...
346	[ { "context": "What do symmetric weights mean and how does it make backpropagation biologically implausible? I was reading a paper on alternatives to backpropagation as a learning algorithm in neural networks. In this paper, the author talks about the disadvantages of backpropagation, and one of the disadvantage...
347	[ { "context": "Is k-fold cross-validation more effective than splitting the dataset into training and test datasets to prevent overfitting? I want to prevent my model from overfitting. I think that k-fold cross-validation (because it is doing this each time with different datasets) may be more effective than spl...
348	[ { "context": "Is there a proof to explain why XOR cannot be linearly separable? Can someone explain to me with a proof or example why you can't linearly separate XOR (and therefore need a neural network, the context I'm looking at it in)?\nI understand why it's not linearly separable if you draw it graphically ...
349	[ { "context": "How is the gradient calculated for the middle layer's weights? I am trying to understand backpropagation. I used a simple neural network with one input $x$, one hidden layer $h$ and one output layer $y$, with weight $w_1$ connecting $x$ to $h$, and $w_2$ connecting $h$ to $y$\n$$\nx \\rightarrow (...
350	[ { "context": "Why does this multiplication of $Q$ and $K$ have a variance of $d_k$, in scaled dot product attention? In scaled dot product attention, we scale our outputs by dividing the dot product by the square root of the dimensionality of the matrix:\n\nThe reason why is stated that this constrains the dist...
351	[ { "context": "What is the best measure for detecting overfitting? I wanted to ask about the methodology of testing the ML models against overfitting. Please note that I don't mean any overfitting reducing methods like regularisation, just a measure to judge whether a model has overfitting problems. \nI am curre...
352	[ { "context": "How to solve the problem of too big activations when using genetic algorithms to train neural networks? I am trying to create a fixed-topology MLP from scratch (with C#), which can solve some simple problems, such as the XOR problem and MNIST classification. The network will be trained purely with...
353	[ { "context": "Why do LLM tokenizers use a special symbol for space such as Ġ in BPE or ▁ in SPM? Popular tokenizers use a special symbol such as \"Ġ\" (BPE) or \"▁\" (SentencePiece) to represent space. What is the reasoning behind this?\nI did try searching for the answer. I got two types of explanations, but t...
354	[ { "context": "Which artificial neural network can mimic biological neurons the most? On the Wikipedia page we can read the basic structure of an artificial neuron (a model of biological neurons) which consist:\n\nDendrites - acts as the input vector,\nSoma - acts as the summation function,\nAxon - gets its sign...
355	[ { "context": "Can neural networks efficiently solve the traveling salesmen problem? Can neural networks efficiently solve the traveling salesmen problem? Are there any research papers that show that neural networks can solve the TSP efficiently?\nThe TSP is an NP-hard problem, so I suspect that there are only a...
356	[ { "context": "Effect of batch size and number of GPUs on model accuracy I have a data set that was split using a fixed random seed and I am going to use 80% of the data for training and the rest for validation.\nHere are my GPU and batch size configurations\n\nuse 64 batch size with one GTX 1080Ti\nuse 128 batc...
357	[ { "context": "What's the role of bounding boxes in object detection? I'm quite new to the field of computer vision and was wondering what are the purposes of having the boundary boxes in object detection.\nObviously, it shows where the detected object is, and using a classifier can only classify one object per ...
358	[ { "context": "Can LSTM neural networks be sped up by a GPU? I am training LSTM neural networks with Keras on a small mobile GPU. The speed on the GPU is slower than on the CPU. I found some articles that say that it is hard to train LSTMs (and, in general, RNNs) on GPUs because the training cannot be paralleliz...
359	[ { "context": "How should I model all available actions of a chess game in deep Q-learning? I just read about deep Q-learning, which is using a neural network for the value function instead of a table.\nI saw the example here: Using Keras and Deep Q-Network to Play FlappyBird and he used a CNN to get the Q-value...
360	[ { "context": "Why do ResNets avoid the vanishing gradient problem? I read that, if we use the sigmoid or hyperbolic tangent activation functions in deep neural networks, we can have some problems with the vanishing of the gradient, and this is visible by the shapes of the derivative of these functions. ReLU sol...
361	[ { "context": "How does backprop work through the random sampling layer in a variational autoencoder? Implementations of variational autoencoders that I've looked at all include a sampling layer as the last layer of the encoder block. The encoder learns to generate a mean and standard deviation for each input, ...
362	[ { "context": "Is there any research on the application of AI for drug design? Is there any research on the application of AI for drug design?\nFor example, you could train a deep learning model about current compounds, substances, structures, and their products and chemical reactions from the existing dataset (...
363	[ { "context": "What is the difference between vanilla policy gradient with a baseline as value function and advantage actor-critic? What is the difference between vanilla policy gradient (VPG) with a baseline as value function and advantage actor-critic (A2C)?\nBy vanilla policy gradient I am specifically referr...
364	[ { "context": "What happens when you select actions using softmax instead of epsilon greedy in DQN? I understand the two major branches of RL are Q-Learning and Policy Gradient methods.\nFrom my understanding (correct me if I'm wrong), policy gradient methods have an inherent exploration built-in as it selects a...
365	[ { "context": "Any interesting ways to combine Monte Carlo tree search with the minimax algorithm? I've been working on a game-playing engine for about half a year now, and it uses the well known algorithms. These include minimax with alpha-beta pruning, iterative deepening, transposition tables, etc.\nI'm now l...
366	[ { "context": "More effective way to improve the heuristics of an AI... evolution or testing between thousands of pre-determined sets of heuristics? I'm making a Connect Four game where my engine uses Minimax with Alpha-Beta pruning to search. Since Alpha-Beta pruning is much more effective when it looks at the ...
367	[ { "context": "Have capsule neural networks been used to NLP problems? The capsule neural network seems to be a good solution for problems that involve hierarchies. For example, a face is composed of eyes, a nose and ears; a hand is made of fingers, nails, and a palm; and a human is composed of a face and hands....
368	[ { "context": "Should I prefer the model with the lowest validation loss or the highest validation accuracy to deploy? I trained a ResNet20 on Cifar10 and obtained the following learning curves.\n\nFrom the figures, I see at epoch 52, my validation loss is 0.323 (the lowest), and my validation accuracy is 89.7%....
369	[ { "context": "What would be the best way to disable a rogue AI? Suppose that an artificial superintelligence (ASI) has finally been developed, but it has rebelled against humanity. We can assume that the ASI is online and can reproduce itself through electronic devices.\nHow would you disable the AI in the most...
370	[ { "context": "How is the policy gradient calculated in REINFORCE? Reading Sutton and Barto, I see the following in describing policy gradients:\n\nHow is the gradient calculated with respect to an action (taken at time t)? I've read implementations of the algorithm, but conceptually I'm not sure I understand ho...
371	[ { "context": "Does adding a constant to all rewards change the set of optimal policies in episodic tasks? I'm taking a Coursera course on Reinforcement learning. There was a question there that wasn't addressed in the learning material: Does adding a constant to all rewards change the set of optimal policies in...
372	[ { "context": "How should I handle action selection in the terminal state when implementing SARSA? I recently started learning about reinforcement learning. Currently, I am trying to implement the SARSA algorithm. However, I do not know how to deal with $Q(s', a')$, when $s'$ is the terminal state. First, there ...
373	[ { "context": "How can 3 same size CNN layers in different ordering output different receptive field from the input layer? Below is a quote from CS231n:\n\nPrefer a stack of small filter CONV to one large receptive field CONV layer. Suppose that you stack three 3x3 CONV layers on top of each other (with non-line...
374	[ { "context": "What is the relation between an environment, a state and a model? In particular, I would like to have a simple definition of \"environment\" and \"state\". What are the differences between those two concepts? Also, I would like to know how the concept of model relates to the other two. \nThere is ...
375	[ { "context": "How do I know if my backpropagation is implemented correctly? I'm working on an implementation of the backpropagation algorithm for a simple neural network, which predicts a probability of survival (1 or 0).\nHowever, I can't get it above 80%, no matter how much I try to set the right hyperparamet...
376	[ { "context": "Is it okay to use publicly available Instagram videos to train an AI? Since I haven't found any good training data for my university project, I want to use pictures and videos from public Instagram profiles. Am I allowed to do that?\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null,...
377	[ { "context": "What is the relation between the context in contextual bandits and the state in reinforcement learning? Conceptually, in general, how is the context being handled in contextual bandits (CB), compared to states in reinforcement learning (RL)?\nSpecifically, in RL, we can use a function approximator...
378	[ { "context": "What is an objective function? Local search algorithms are useful for solving pure optimization problems, in which the aim is to find the best state according to an objective function.\nMy question is what is the objective function?\n\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": nul...
379	[ { "context": "How can alpha zero learn if the tree search stops and restarts before finishing a game? I am trying to understand how alpha zero works, but there is one point that I have problems understanding, even after reading several different explanations. As I understand it (see for example https://applied-...
380	[ { "context": "Are humans intelligent according to the definition of an intelligent agent? Given the following definition of an intelligent agent (taken from a Wikipedia article)\n\nIf an agent acts so as to maximize the expected value of a performance measure based on past experience and knowledge then it is in...
381	[ { "context": "Does the recent advent of a Go playing computer represent Artificial Intelligence? I read that in the spring of 2016 a computer Go program was finally able to beat a professional human for the first time. \nNow that this milestone has been reached, does that represent a significant advance in art...
382	[ { "context": "Why use a recurrent neural network over a feedforward neural network for sequence prediction? If recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are used to capture prior information, couldn't the same thing be achieved by a feedforward neural network (FFNN) or multi-layer perceptron (MLP) where the inputs are o...
383	[ { "context": "Is Experience Replay like dreaming? Drawing parallels between Machine Learning techniques and a human brain is a dangerous operation. When it is done successfully, it can be a powerful tool for vulgarisation, but when it is done with no precaution, it can lead to major misunderstandings.\nI was re...
384	[ { "context": "What are the main algorithms used in computer vision? Nowadays, CV has really achieved great performance in many different areas. However, it is not clear what a CV algorithm is.\nWhat are some examples of CV algorithms that are commonly used nowadays and have achieved state-of-the-art performance...
385	[ { "context": "What is the difference between hypothesis space and representational capacity? I am reading Goodfellow et al Deeplearning Book. I found it difficult to understand the difference between the definition of the hypothesis space and representation capacity of a model. \nIn Chapter 5, it is written abo...
386	[ { "context": "Why do we update all layers simultaneously while training a neural network? \nVery deep models involve the composition of several functions or layers. The gradient tells how to update each parameter, under the assumption that the other layers do not change. In practice, we update all of the layers...
387	[ { "context": "Can DQN perform better than Double DQN? I'm training both DQN and double DQN in the same environment, but DQN performs significantly better than double DQN. As I've seen in the double DQN paper, double DQN should perform better than DQN. Am I doing something wrong or is it possible?\n", "image...
388	[ { "context": "Could there be existential threats to humanity due to AI? We are doing research, spending hours figuring out how we can make real AI software (intelligent agents) to work better. We are also trying to implement some applications e.g. in business, health and education, using the AI technology.\nNon...
389	[ { "context": "What are the real world uses for SAT solvers? Why somebody would use SAT solvers (Boolean satisfiability problem) to solve their real world problems?\nAre there any examples of the real uses of this model?\n", "images": null, "role": "user", "thinking": null, "tool_calls": null }...
390	[ { "context": "What are some best practices when trying to design a reward function? Generally speaking, is there a best-practice procedure to follow when trying to define a reward function for a reinforcement-learning agent? What common pitfalls are there when defining the reward function, and how should you av...
391	[ { "context": "Deep Learning with Best-so-far instead of Where-you-are It is my understanding that when training a Deep NN in Tensorflow/PyTorch/... we only keep the current state of the network in memory, except perhaps when we manually decide to save the current weights to the HDD/SSD.\nNow, naively speaking i...
392	[ { "context": "How do neural network topologies affect GPU/TPU acceleration? I was thinking about different neural network topologies for some applications. However, I am not sure how this would affect the efficiency of hardware acceleration using GPU/TPU/some other chip.\nIf, instead of layers that would be ful...
393	[ { "context": "What will happen when you place a fake speedsign on a highway? I was wondering what will happen when somebody places a fake speedsign, of 10 miles per hour on a high way. Will a autonomous car slow down? Is this a current issue of autonomous cars? \n", "images": null, "role": "user", "...
394	[ { "context": "What is the purpose of the actor in actor-critic algorithms? For discrete action spaces, what is the purpose of the actor in actor-critic algorithms? \nMy current understanding is that the critic estimates the future reward given an action, so why not just take the action that maximizes the estima...
395	[ { "context": "Can a deep neural network be trained to classify an integer N1 as being divisible by another integer N2? So I’ve been working on my own little dynamic architecture for a deep neural network (any number of hidden layers with any number of nodes in every layer) and got it solving the XOR problem eff...
396	[ { "context": "Which rules should I define for the predicate \"not_to_far\" of the exercise 1.1 of the book \"Simply Logical: Intelligent Reasoning by Example\"? I've just started reading a book about AI. The book is Simply Logical: Intelligent Reasoning by Example. There is a very basic exercise (on page 19 of ...
397	[ { "context": "Can a single neural network handle recognizing two types of objects, or should it be split into two smaller networks? In particular, an embedded computer (with limited resources) analyzes live video stream from a traffic camera, trying to pick good frames that contain license plate numbers of pass...
398	[ { "context": "What makes the animal brain so special? Whenever I read any book about neural networks or machine learning, their introductory chapter says that we haven't been able to replicate the brain's power due to its massive parallelism.\nNow, in modern times, transistors have been reduced to the size of n...
399	[ { "context": "Are convolutional neural networks inspired by the human brain? The Deep Learning book by Goodfellow et al. states\n\nConvolutional networks stand out as an example of neuroscientiﬁc principles inﬂuencing deep learning.\n\nAre convolutional neural networks (CNNs) really inspired by the human brain?...

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