| --- |
| pretty_name: Goldset |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| language: |
| - en |
| language_creators: |
| - found |
| annotations_creators: |
| - found |
| source_datasets: |
| - original |
| multilinguality: |
| - monolingual |
| task_categories: |
| - text2text-generation |
| - text-generation |
| tags: |
| - code |
| - software-engineering |
| - program-repair |
| - bug-fixing |
| - evaluation |
| - benchmark |
| - python |
| size_categories: |
| - n<1K |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: oracles.parquet |
| dataset_info: |
| config_name: default |
| features: |
| - name: repo |
| dtype: string |
| - name: unit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subject |
| dtype: string |
| - name: granularity |
| dtype: string |
| - name: spec_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: spec |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_before |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_after |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_file |
| dtype: string |
| - name: fail_to_pass |
| sequence: string |
| - name: committed_at |
| dtype: string |
| - name: parent_at |
| dtype: string |
| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: license_file |
| dtype: string |
| - name: also_in |
| dtype: string |
| - name: commit |
| dtype: string |
| - name: parent |
| dtype: string |
| - name: commit_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repo_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: module |
| dtype: string |
| - name: units_changed |
| sequence: string |
| - name: diff_lines |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: n_tests |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: fingerprint |
| dtype: string |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: language |
| dtype: string |
| - name: validated_at |
| dtype: string |
| - name: validator |
| dtype: string |
| - name: schema_version |
| dtype: int64 |
| splits: |
| - name: test |
| num_bytes: 24592827 |
| num_examples: 896 |
| download_size: 4751353 |
| dataset_size: 24592827 |
| --- |
| |
| # Goldset |
|
|
| **Verified bug-fix records for evaluating coding agents.** |
|
|
| Every record is a real bug in public software, the fix its author wrote, and the |
| test that fails before the fix and passes after it. A record is kept only once |
| both runs have been observed, so what is published is a reproduction rather than |
| a claim. |
|
|
| 896 records from 352 projects, all Python, with |
| fixes committed between 2010-06-13 and 2026-08-17. |
|
|
|
|
| [Website](https://goldset.dev) · [Code and verifier](https://github.com/andysalvo/goldset) · [Datasheet](DATASHEET.md) |
|
|
| ## Quick start |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("goldsetdev/goldset", split="test") |
| |
| # Single-function records whose fix postdates a model's training cutoff. |
| subset = ds.filter(lambda r: r["granularity"] == "function" |
| and r["committed_at"] > "2025-01-01") |
| |
| r = subset[0] |
| print(r["spec"]) # what the code was meant to do |
| print(r["source_before"]) # the bug |
| print(r["source_after"]) # the author's fix |
| print(r["fail_to_pass"]) # the test that tells them apart |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Supported tasks |
|
|
| **Defect repair.** Give a model `source_before` and `spec`, ask for a fix, and |
| run `fail_to_pass` against the result. The test is the reward signal, so scoring |
| needs no human and no judge model. |
|
|
| **Defect detection.** Ask whether `source_before` contains a bug, using |
| `source_after` as ground truth. |
|
|
| **Harness and scaffolding evaluation.** Because the reward is executable, the |
| same records measure how much of a score comes from the agent around the model |
| rather than the model itself. |
|
|
| ## Dataset structure |
|
|
| One row per record. 355 isolate a single changed function |
| together with its docstring, and 541 keep the whole changed |
| file and use the commit message as the specification. Filter on `granularity` for |
| the tighter kind. |
|
|
| | field | meaning | |
| |---|---| |
| | `repo`, `repo_url` | the project the record came from | |
| | `unit`, `module`, `units_changed` | the function or class under test, its importable path, and every unit the commit touched | |
| | `subject` | the author's own commit message, unedited | |
| | `granularity` | `function` for one isolated function, `file` for a whole changed file | |
| | `spec`, `spec_source` | what the code was meant to do, from its docstring or from the commit message | |
| | `source_before`, `source_after` | the code before and after the fix | |
| | `test_file`, `fail_to_pass` | the test file and the exact pytest node ids that flip | |
| | `commit`, `parent`, `commit_url` | the fix and the state it was broken in, permanently linkable | |
| | `committed_at`, `parent_at` | dates of both, for filtering against a training cutoff | |
| | `license`, `license_file`, `also_in` | the licence, the file it was read from, and any project the identical code also ships from | |
| | `fingerprint`, `id` | stable identity, addressed by content | |
| | `diff_lines`, `n_tests` | size of the change and how many tests flip | |
| | `validated_at`, `validator` | audit trail | |
|
|
| ## How a record is made |
|
|
| 1. Find commits that changed source and tests together, in permissively licensed |
| projects only. |
| 2. Run the author's test against the code as it stood before the fix. It must fail. |
| 3. Run the same test against the fix. It must pass. |
| 4. Keep the changed function with its docstring, or the whole file when it does |
| not isolate cleanly. |
|
|
| About one candidate in ten survives. No language model is used at any stage. |
|
|
| ## Verifying it |
|
|
| The corpus is meant to be checked rather than trusted. |
|
|
| ```bash |
| git clone https://github.com/andysalvo/goldset |
| cd goldset && python3 verify.py --sample 20 |
| ``` |
|
|
| `verify.py` shares no code with the pipeline that produced the corpus. It |
| re-clones each project, checks out both commits, re-applies the fix commit's tests |
| and runs them again, so it would catch a mistake the pipeline made rather than |
| agreeing with it. |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - **A passing test does not mean a fix is correct.** It means the recorded test |
| passes. That is the property this corpus guarantees, and it is a narrower claim. |
| - **Not a random sample of defects.** It is the subset of real fixes that shipped a |
| regression test in the same commit and could be reduced to one unit or one file. |
| - **Python only.** |
| - **We tested whether these bugs are harder for models than generated ones and the |
| result did not replicate.** The claim is not made here. |
| - **Contamination is possible.** Every record comes from a public repository and may |
| already sit in a model's pre-training data, which is why every record is dated. |
| Report the window you evaluated on. |
|
|
| ## What is not in this release |
|
|
| A further set of records is held back and not published. Projects are assigned |
| whole to one side or the other, so nothing here can be used to work out what is |
| withheld. A public evaluation set is contaminated the moment it is public, which is |
| the reason for keeping a disjoint one. |
|
|
| What is published here stays published. The CC BY 4.0 grant on this release is |
| permanent and nothing is ever withdrawn. |
|
|
| ## Licence and attribution |
|
|
| Source excerpts remain under the licence of the project they came from. The full |
| text of each project's licence, as it stood at the commit cited, ships in |
| `licenses/`, because MIT, BSD and Apache-2.0 condition redistribution on the notice |
| travelling with the code rather than on a link to it. Per-project credit is in |
| `ATTRIBUTION.md`. |
|
|
| | licence | records | |
| |---|---| |
| | MIT | 629 | |
| | Apache-2.0 | 117 | |
| | BSD-3-Clause | 81 | |
| | BSD-2-Clause | 64 | |
| | PSF-2.0 | 4 | |
| | ISC | 1 | |
|
|
| The added layer, meaning the validation results, schema and arrangement, is |
| released under CC BY 4.0. Nothing in this corpus was authored by us. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{goldset2026, |
| title = {Goldset: verified bug-fix records for evaluating coding agents}, |
| author = {Salvo, Andrew}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://goldset.dev} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| **Maintainers:** if your project appears here and you would rather it did not, open |
| an issue and it will be removed, no questions asked. |
|
|
