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We don't want Iran to get the bomb.
ان لا تحصل إيران على القنبلة النووية
en-ar
Their major asset for developing nuclear weapons is the Natanz uranium enrichment facility.
Hun belangrijkste troef voor de ontwikkeling van nucleaire wapens is de fabriek in Natanz voor de verrijking van uranium.
en-nl
The gray boxes that you see, these are real-time control systems.
Te szare skrzynki, które widzicie, to systemy kontrolujące w czasie rzeczywistym.
en-pl
Now if we manage to compromise these systems that control drive speeds and valves, we can actually cause a lot of problems with the centrifuge.
Hvis det lykkedes os at kompromittere disse systemer som kontrollere omløbshastighed og ventiler, vi kan faktisk skabe en masse problemer for centrifugerne.
en-da
The gray boxes don't run Windows software; they are a completely different technology.
مستطیلهای خاکستری تحت فرمان ویندوز نیستند؛ فناوری کاملا متفاوتی دارند.
en-fa
But if we manage to place a good Windows virus on a notebook that is used by a maintenance engineer to configure this gray box, then we are in business.
Pero si logramos poner un virus efectivo de Windows en un ordenador portátil usado por un ingeniero para configurar esta caja gris, entonces estamos listos.
en-es
And this is the plot behind Stuxnet.
És ez a Stuxnet forgatókönyve.
en-hu
So we start with a Windows dropper.
Zaczynamy z "zarażaczem" na Windowsie.
en-pl
The payload goes onto the gray box, damages the centrifuge, and the Iranian nuclear program is delayed -- mission accomplished.
ومن ثم يتم تحميله على الاجهزة الرمادية لتعطيل اجهزة الطرد المركزي فيتأخر برنامج إيران النووي وتنجح المهمة
en-ar
That's easy, huh?
Det er let, hva?
en-da
I want to tell you how we found that out.
我想要告訴大家我們是怎麼發現的
en-zh-tw
When we started our research on Stuxnet six months ago, it was completely unknown what the purpose of this thing was.
六ヶ月前に Stuxnet に関する調査を開始したとき、 こいつの目的が何なのかまったく分かりませんでした。
en-ja
The only thing that was known is it's very, very complex on the Windows part, the dropper part, used multiple zero-day vulnerabilities.
والشيء الوحيد الذي كنا نعيه .. هو ان هذه الدودة تختبىء في جزء معقد جداً من نظام ويندوز وتستخدمه كناقل وتستخدم عدة نقاط ضعف في النظام لاختراقه
en-ar
And it seemed to want to do something with these gray boxes, these real-time control systems.
何かをしたいようでした、 これら灰色のボックス、これらリアルタイム制御システムについて。
en-ja
So that got our attention, and we started a lab project where we infected our environment with Stuxnet and checked this thing out.
Έτσι, αυτό κέντρισε την προσοχή μας και ξεκινήσαμε ένα εργαστηριακό πρόγραμμα, όπου μολύναμε το δίκτυο μας με το Stuxnet και αρχίσαμε να το παρακολουθούμε.
en-el
And then some very funny things happened.
وقد لاحظنا شيئاً مضحكاً ..
en-ar
Stuxnet behaved like a lab rat that didn't like our cheese -- sniffed, but didn't want to eat.
Stuxnet s'est comporté comme un rat de laboratoire qui n'aimait pas notre fromage -- il le reniflait, mais il ne voulait pas le manger.
en-fr
Didn't make sense to me.
Per me non aveva senso.
en-it
And after we experimented with different flavors of cheese, I realized, well, this is a directed attack.
Dan setelah kami coba dengan berbagai umpan, saya menyadari, serangannya terarah.
en-id
It's completely directed.
Teljesen célzott.
en-hu
The dropper is prowling actively on the gray box if a specific configuration is found, and even if the actual program code that it's trying to infect is actually running on that target.
如果找到了特定的配置， 注入器就会 主动潜入灰盒子里， 即使它正试图感染的实际的程序 也在干着同样的事儿。
en-zh-cn
And if not, Stuxnet does nothing.
فإن دودة ستوكسنت لن تقوم بشيء ما
en-ar
So that really got my attention, and we started to work on this nearly around the clock, because I thought, "Well, we don't know what the target is.
Tai stipriai patraukė mano dėmesį ir mes pradėjome darbą vos ne kiaurą parą, nes aš pagalvojau, kad mes nežinome, kas yra taikinys.
en-lt
It could be, let's say for example, a U.S. power plant, or a chemical plant in Germany.
men det kunne være f.eks. et amerikansk kraftværk, eller en kemisk fabrik i Tyskland.
en-da
So we better find out what the target is soon."
Mejor que descubriéramos el objetivo pronto.
en-es
So we extracted and decompiled the attack code, and we discovered that it's structured in two digital bombs -- a smaller one and a bigger one.
เราจึงดึงโค๊ดมันออกมา แล้วพยายามถอดรหัสมัน และเราก็ค้นพบว่า มันมีระเบิดดิจิตอลซ่อนอยู่สองลูก ลูกเล็กหนึ่ง และลูกใหญ่หนึ่ง
en-th
And we also saw that they are very professionally engineered by people who obviously had all insider information.
וראינו גם שהן מתוכננות באופן מאוד מקצועי על ידי אנשים שהיה להם באופן ברור את כל המידע הפנימי.
en-he
They knew all the bits and bites that they had to attack.
De kände till alla bitar och bytes som de var tvungna att attackera.
en-sv
They probably even know the shoe size of the operator.
Mereka bahkan mungkin tahu ukuran sepatu petugas operatornya.
en-id
So they know everything.
Vậy là họ biết mọi thứ.
en-vi
And if you have heard that the dropper of Stuxnet is complex and high-tech, let me tell you this: the payload is rocket science.
Και έαν έχετε ακούσει ότι ο "dropper" του Stuxnet είναι πολύπλοκος και υψηλής τεχνολογίας, επιτρέψτε μου να σας πω μόνο αυτό: το "φορτίο" του είναι πυραυλική φυσική.
en-el
It's way above everything that we have ever seen before.
C'est bien au dessus de tout ce que nous avons vu auparavant.
en-fr
Here you see a sample of this actual attack code.
Тук можете да видите една проба от действителният код на атаката.
en-bg
We are talking about -- around about 15,000 lines of code.
ما در مورد چیزی حدود-- ۱۵۰۰۰ خط کد صحبت می‌کنیم.
en-fa
Looks pretty much like old-style assembly language.
Ziet er nogal uit als ouderwetse assembler.
en-nl
And I want to tell you how we were able to make sense out of this code.
І я хочу розповісти вам, як нам вдалося розібратися в цьому коді.
en-uk
So what we were looking for is, first of all, system function calls, because we know what they do.
สิ่งแรกที่เรามองหา ก็คือการเรียกใช้ฟังค์ชั่นที่มีอยู่แล้วในระบบ เพราะเรารู้อยู่แล้วว่าฟังค์ชั่นเหล่านี้ทำอะไรบ้าง
en-th
And then we were looking for timers and data structures and trying to relate them to the real world -- to potential real world targets.
再來找時間控制器與資料結構 然後試著與真實世界中的運用連結 也就是可能的真實攻擊目標
en-zh-tw
So we do need target theories that we can prove or disprove.
خب به نظریه‌هایی نیاز داشتیم که بتوانیم اثبات یا رد کنیم.
en-fa
In order to get target theories, we remember that it's definitely hardcore sabotage, it must be a high-value target and it is most likely located in Iran, because that's where most of the infections had been reported.
Pentru a obține teorii despre ținte, ne aducem aminte că asta e clar sabotaj de vârf, deci trebuie să fie o țintă de valoare mare, și cel mai probabil e localizat în Iran, fiindcă de acolo au fost raportate cele mai multe infecții.
en-ro
Now you don't find several thousand targets in that area.
Bạn không thể tìm thấy hàng ngàn mục tiêu như vậy ở đó được.
en-vi
It basically boils down to the Bushehr nuclear power plant and to the Natanz fuel enrichment plant.
وفي النهاية قلصت الاهداف المحتملة الى مجمع بوشهر النووي ومركز تخصيب اليورانيوم في " نتناز "
en-ar
So I told my assistant, "Get me a list of all centrifuge and power plant experts from our client base."
저는 조수에게 말했습니다. "우리 고객중에서 원심분리기와 발전소에 관한 전문가 명단을 가져다주게."
en-ko
And I phoned them up and picked their brain in an effort to match their expertise with what we found in code and data.
Și i-am sunat pe toți și am profitat de creierul lor într-un efort de a potrivi experiența lor cu ce am găsit în cod și date.
en-ro
And that worked pretty well.
Y funcionó bastante bien.
en-es
So we were able to associate the small digital warhead with the rotor control.
Έτσι, ήμασταν σε θέση να συσχετίσουμε τη μικρή ψηφιακή βόμβα με τον έλεγχο του στροφείου.
en-el
The rotor is that moving part within the centrifuge, that black object that you see.
Rotor adalah bagian yang berputar pada sentrifuga, objek hitam yang Anda lihat.
en-id
And if you manipulate the speed of this rotor, you are actually able to crack the rotor and eventually even have the centrifuge explode.
E se manipolate la velocità di questo rotore, siete in grado di romperlo e anche eventualmente di far esplodere la centrifuga.
en-it
What we also saw is that the goal of the attack was really to do it slowly and creepy -- obviously in an effort to drive maintenance engineers crazy, that they would not be able to figure this out quickly.
همچنین دیدیم که هدف حمله این بوده که خیلی آرام و مرموز انجام شود-- مشخصا تلاشی برای عصبی کردن مهندسان نگهداری بود که نتوانند به راحتی از موضوع سر دربیارند.
en-fa
The big digital warhead -- we had a shot at this by looking very closely at data and data structures.
Didžioji skaitmeninė bomba - apie ją spėjome akylai žiūrėdami į duomenis ir jų struktūrą.
en-lt
So for example, the number 164 really stands out in that code; you can't overlook it.
Så for eksempel: tallet 164 gjorde sig bemærket i programmet, du kan ikke overse det.
en-da
I started to research scientific literature on how these centrifuges are actually built in Natanz and found they are structured in what is called a cascade, and each cascade holds 164 centrifuges.
我开始研究与这些分离机 如何被建造在纳坦兹 有关的科学文献， 并发现它们被组织在 一个被称为层级的东西之中， 每个层级包含164个离心机。
en-zh-cn
So that made sense, that was a match.
Dat was al één logische overeenkomst.
en-nl
And it even got better.
וזה אפילו השתפר.
en-he
These centrifuges in Iran are subdivided into 15, what is called, stages.
در ایران این سانتریفیوژها به دسته‌های ۱۵تایی تقسیم می‌شوند که مراحل نام دارند.
en-fa
And guess what we found in the attack code?
ทายดูสิ ว่าเราเจออะไรในโค๊ด
en-th
An almost identical structure.
מבנה כמעט זהה.
en-he
So again, that was a real good match.
І знову таки, це був дійсно чудовий збіг.
en-uk
And this gave us very high confidence for what we were looking at.
E isso nos deu uma confiança muito boa em relação ao que estávamos investigando.
en-pt-br
Now don't get me wrong here, it didn't go like this.
Jangan salah, proses sebenarnya tidak seperti dalam acara ini.
en-id
These results have been obtained over several weeks of really hard labor.
Ці результати були отримані впродовж декількох тижнів тяжкої роботи в лабораторії.
en-uk
And we often went into just a dead end and had to recover.
Și adesea am ajuns într-o fundătură și a trebuit s-o luăm de la capăt.
en-ro
Anyway, so we figured out that both digital warheads were actually aiming at one and the same target, but from different angles.
De qualquer modo, assim nos demos conta de que ambas as bombas digitais tinham como alvo um único e mesmo alvo, mas de ângulos diferentes.
en-pt-br
The small warhead is taking one cascade, and spinning up the rotors and slowing them down, and the big warhead is talking to six cascades and manipulating valves.
De kleine bom pakt één cascade aan, door de rotors te versnellen of af te remmen, en de grote bom pakt zes cascades aan door het manipuleren van kleppen.
en-nl
So in all, we are very confident that we have actually determined what the target is.
Jadi secara keseluruhan, kami yakin kami telah berhasil menentukan apa sasarannya
en-id
It is Natanz, and it is only Natanz.
มันคือนาทันซ์ และนาทันซ์อย่างเดียว
en-th
So we don't have to worry that other targets might be hit by Stuxnet.
Nous n'avons donc pas à nous inquiéter que d'autres cibles puissent être frappées par Stuxnet.
en-fr
Here's some very cool stuff that we saw -- really knocked my socks off.
Hier ist etwas wirklich cooles Zeug, das wir entdeckt haben -- hat mich echt aus den Socken gehauen.
en-de
Down there is the gray box, and on the top you see the centrifuges.
Aşağıda bu gri kutu, ve onun üzerinde santrifüjler var.
en-tr
Now what this thing does is it intercepts the input values from sensors -- so for example, from pressure sensors and vibration sensors -- and it provides legitimate program code, which is still running during the attack, with fake input data.
Şimdi bu şeyin yaptığı sensörden gelen giriş verisini yakalamak -- mesela basınç sensöründen ve titreşim sensöründen -- ve geçerli kodu sağlamak, ki o da saldırı sırasında sahte giriş verisi ile hala çalışıyor.
en-tr
And as a matter of fact, this fake input data is actually prerecorded by Stuxnet.
Ve sonuç olarak, bu sahte giriş verisi daha önceden Stuxnet tarafından kaydedilmişti.
en-tr
So it's just like from the Hollywood movies where during the heist, the observation camera is fed with prerecorded video.
Also ist es genau so wie in Hollywoodfilmen, wo während der Verfolgungsjagd die Überwachungskamera mit vorher aufgenommenem Videoaufnahmen gefüttert wird.
en-de
That's cool, huh?
Πολύ καλό, ε;
en-el
The idea here is obviously not only to fool the operators in the control room.
Qui l'idea è ovviamente non solo di ingannare gli operatori della cabina di controllo
en-it
It actually is much more dangerous and aggressive.
它实际上要更危险，更具侵略性。
en-zh-cn
The idea is to circumvent a digital safety system.
Идеята е да се заобиколи дигиталната система за безопасност.
en-bg
We need digital safety systems where a human operator could not act quick enough.
Necesitamos sistemas de seguridad digital donde un operador humano no podría actuar rápido.
en-es
So for example, in a power plant, when your big steam turbine gets too over speed, you must open relief valves within a millisecond.
Assim, por exemplo, numa usina elétrica, quando nossa grande turbina a vapor pega velocidade demais, precisamos abrir válvulas de alívio em um milissegundo.
en-pt-br
Obviously, this cannot be done by a human operator.
Obviamente, esto no puede hacerlo un operador humano.
en-es
So this is where we need digital safety systems.
Εδώ είναι που χρειαζόμαστε ψηφιακά συστήματα ασφαλείας.
en-el
And when they are compromised, then real bad things can happen.
Và khi chúng bị phá hoại, thì những chuyện tồi tệ sẽ xảy ra.
en-vi
Your plant can blow up.
Je installatie kan ontploffen.
en-nl
And neither your operators nor your safety system will notice it.
운영자나 안전 시스템, 그 어느것도 알아채지 못한다면,
en-ko
That's scary.
Bu korkutucu.
en-tr
But it gets worse.
Ama daha da kötüleşiyor.
en-tr
And this is very important, what I'm going to say.
To co powiem jest bardzo ważne.
en-pl
Think about this: this attack is generic.
در موردش فکر کنید: این یک حمله عمومی است.
en-fa
It doesn't have anything to do, in specifics, with centrifuges, with uranium enrichment.
Er hat nichts speziell zu tun mit Zentrifugen, mit Urananreicherung.
en-de
So it would work as well, for example, in a power plant or in an automobile factory.
Podría funcionar también, por ejemplo, en una planta de energía, o en una fábrica automotriz.
en-es
It is generic.
انها دودة تصيب كل شيء
en-ar
And you don't have -- as an attacker -- you don't have to deliver this payload by a USB stick, as we saw it in the case of Stuxnet.
Dan Anda tidak perlu -- sebagai penyerang -- Anda tidak perlu menyebarkan muatannya dengan USB stick, seperti kita lihat pada kasus Stuxnet
en-id
You could also use conventional worm technology for spreading.
Вы могли бы использовать обычную технологию распространения через червей.
en-ru
Just spread it as wide as possible.
とにかくできるだけ広く拡散させるのです。
en-ja
And if you do that, what you end up with is a cyber weapon of mass destruction.
そのようにすると、 結局のところ、 大量破壊のサイバー兵器になります。
en-ja
That's the consequence that we have to face.
To są konsekwencje, z którymi musimy się zmierzyć.
en-pl
So unfortunately, the biggest number of targets for such attacks are not in the Middle East.
Joten valitettavasti suurin osa tällaisista kohteista eivät ole Lähi-Idässä.
en-fi
They're in the United States and Europe and in Japan.
Вони знаходяться в Сполучених Штатах, Європі та Японії.
en-uk
So all of the green areas, these are your target-rich environments.
אז כל האיזורים הירוקים, אלה הסביבות עם הכי הרבה מטרות.
en-he
We have to face the consequences, and we better start to prepare right now.
Mes turėsime susidurti su pasekmėmis ir geriau joms ruoštis jau dabar.
en-lt
(Applause) Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
Obrigado. (Aplausos) Chris Anderson: Eu tenho uma pergunta:
en-pt-br