from
stringclasses
2 values
value
stringlengths
16
6.77k
human
Given that $z$ is a complex number such that $z+\frac 1z=2\cos 3^\circ$, find $z^{2000}+\frac 1{z^{2000}}$.
gpt
From the given equation, $z^2 + 1 = 2z \cos 3^\circ,$ or $z^2 - 2z \cos 3^\circ + 1 = 0.$ Then by the quadratic formula, \[z = \frac{2 \cos 3^\circ \pm \sqrt{4 \cos^2 3^\circ - 4}}{2} = \cos 3^\circ \pm i \sin 3^\circ.\]Then by DeMoivre's Theorem, \[z^{2000} = \cos 6000^\circ \pm i \sin 6000^\circ = \cos 240^\circ \pm...
human
Convert the point $(\rho,\theta,\phi) = \left( 4, \frac{5 \pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{2} \right)$ in spherical coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
gpt
We have that $\rho = 4,$ $\theta = \frac{5 \pi}{3},$ and $\phi = \frac{\pi}{2},$ so \begin{align*} x &= \rho \sin \phi \cos \theta = 4 \sin \frac{\pi}{2} \cos \frac{5 \pi}{3} = 2, \\ y &= \rho \sin \phi \sin \theta = 4 \sin \frac{\pi}{2} \sin \frac{5 \pi}{3} = -2 \sqrt{3}, \\ z &= \rho \cos \phi = 4 \cos \frac{\pi}{2} ...
human
The projection of $\begin{pmatrix} -8 \\ b \end{pmatrix}$ onto $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ is \[-\frac{13}{5} \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.\]Find $b.$
gpt
The projection of $\begin{pmatrix} -8 \\ b \end{pmatrix}$ onto $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ is given by \[\frac{\begin{pmatrix} -8 \\ b \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}}{\left\| \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \right\|^2} \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \frac{b - 16}{5} \be...
human
Find the curve defined by the equation \[r = 4 \tan \theta \sec \theta.\](A) Line (B) Circle (C) Parabola (D) Ellipse (E) Hyperbola Enter the letter of the correct option.
gpt
From $r = 4 \tan \theta \sec \theta,$ \[r = 4 \cdot \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos \theta}.\]Then $r \cos^2 \theta = 4 \sin \theta,$ so \[r^2 \cos^2 \theta = 4r \sin \theta.\]Hence, $x^2 = 4y.$ This is the equation of a parabola, so the answer is $\boxed{\text{(C)}}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.15 cm); pa...
human
Equilateral triangle $ABC$ has been creased and folded so that vertex $A$ now rests at $A'$ on $\overline{BC}$ as shown. If $BA' = 1$ and $A'C = 2,$ then find the length of crease $\overline{PQ}.$ [asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair A, Ap, B, C, P, Q; A = 3*dir(60); B = (0,0); C = (3,0); Ap = (1,0); P = 8/5*dir(60); Q = C +...
gpt
The side length of equilateral triangle $ABC$ is 3. Let $x = BP.$ Then $AP = A'P = 3 - x,$ so by the Law of Cosines on triangle $PBA',$ \[(3 - x)^2 = x^2 + 3^2 - 2 \cdot x \cdot 3 \cdot \cos 60^\circ = x^2 - 3x + 9.\]Solving, we find $x = \frac{8}{5}.$ Let $y = CQ.$ Then $AQ = A'Q = 3 - y,$ so by the Law of Cosines...
human
Find the matrix $\mathbf{M}$ such that \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 \\ 3 & -2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -16 & -6 \\ 7 & 2 \end{pmatrix}.\]
gpt
The inverse of $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & -4 \\ 3 & -2 \end{pmatrix}$ is \[\frac{1}{(1)(-2) - (-4)(3)} \begin{pmatrix} -2 & 4 \\ -3 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \frac{1}{10} \begin{pmatrix} -2 & 4 \\ -3 & 1 \end{pmatrix}.\]So, multiplying by this inverse on the right, we get \[\mathbf{M} = \begin{pmatrix} -16 & -6 \\ 7 & 2 \end{pmatr...
human
$ABCD$ is a square and $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of $\overline{BC}$ and $\overline{CD},$ respectively. Find $\sin \theta.$ [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); draw((0,0)--(2,0)--(2,2)--(0,2)--cycle); draw((0,0)--(2,1)); draw((0,0)--(1,2)); label("$A$", (0,0), SW); label("$B$", (0,2), NW); label("$C$", (2,2), NE); label("$D$...
gpt
We can assume that the side length of the square is 2. Then by Pythagoras, $AM = AN = \sqrt{5},$ and $MN = \sqrt{2},$ so by the Law of Cosines on triangle $AMN,$ \[\cos \theta = \frac{AM^2 + AN^2 - MN^2}{2 \cdot AM \cdot AN} = \frac{5 + 5 - 2}{10} = \frac{8}{10} = \frac{4}{5}.\]Then \[\sin^2 \theta = 1 - \cos^2 \theta...
human
Find the smallest positive integer $n$ such that \[\begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}^n = \mathbf{I}.\]
gpt
Note that \[\begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \cos 300^\circ & -\sin 300^\circ \\ \sin 300^\circ & \cos 300^\circ \end{pmatrix},\]which is the matrix corresponding to rotating about the origin by an angle of $300^\circ$ counter-clockwis...
human
Let $H$ be the orthocenter of triangle $ABC.$ For all points $P$ on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC,$ \[PA^2 + PB^2 + PC^2 - PH^2\]is a constant. Express this constant in terms of the side lengths $a,$ $b,$ $c$ and circumradius $R$ of triangle $ABC.$
gpt
Let the circumcenter $O$ of triangle $ABC$ be the origin, so $\|\overrightarrow{P}\| = R.$ Also, $\overrightarrow{H} = \overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{C}.$ Then \begin{align*} PA^2 &= \|\overrightarrow{P} - \overrightarrow{A}\|^2 \\ &= (\overrightarrow{P} - \overrightarrow{A}) \cdot (\overri...
human
For real numbers $t,$ the point \[(x,y) = (2^t - 3, 4^t - 5 \cdot 2^t - 1)\]is plotted. All the plotted points lie on what kind of curve? (A) Line (B) Circle (C) Parabola (D) Ellipse (E) Hyperbola Enter the letter of the correct option.
gpt
Let $x = 2^t - 3.$ Then $2^t = x + 3,$ and \begin{align*} y &= 4^t - 5 \cdot 2^t - 1 \\ &= (2^t)^2 - 5 \cdot 2^t - 1 \\ &= (x + 3)^2 - 5(x + 3) - 1 \\ &= x^2 + x - 7. \end{align*}Thus, all the plotted points lie on a parabola. The answer is $\boxed{\text{(C)}}.$
human
Convert the point $\left( 5, \frac{3 \pi}{2}, 4 \right)$ in cylindrical coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
gpt
Given cylindrical coordinates $(r,\theta,z),$ the rectangular coordinates are given by \[(r \cos \theta, r \sin \theta, z).\]So here, the rectangular coordinates are \[\left( 5 \cos \frac{3 \pi}{2}, 5 \sin \frac{3 \pi}{2}, 4 \right) = \boxed{(0, -5, 4)}.\]
human
Simplify $\cos 36^\circ - \cos 72^\circ.$
gpt
Let $a = \cos 36^\circ$ and $b = \cos 72^\circ.$ Then \[b = \cos 72^\circ = 2 \cos^2 36^\circ - 1 = 2a^2 - 1.\]Also, \[a = \cos 36^\circ = 1 - 2 \sin^2 18^\circ = 1 - 2 \cos^2 72^\circ = 1 - 2b^2.\]Adding these equations, we get \[a + b = 2a^2 - 2b^2 = 2(a + b)(a - b).\]Since $a$ and $b$ are positive, $a + b \neq 0.$ ...
human
Find the point on the line defined by \[\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ 6 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}\]that is closest to the point $(2,3,4).$
gpt
A point on the line is given by \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ 6 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 - 2t \\ 6t \\ 1 - 3t \end{pmatrix}.\][asy] unitsize (0.6 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, H; A = (2,5); B = (0,0); C = (8,0); D = (A + ...
human
Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be the three sides of a triangle, and let $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ be the angles opposite them. If $a^2+b^2=1989c^2$, find the value of \[\frac{\cot \gamma}{\cot \alpha+\cot \beta}.\]
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} \frac{\cot \gamma}{\cot \alpha + \cot \beta} &= \frac{\frac{\cos \gamma}{\sin \gamma}}{\frac{\cos \alpha}{\sin \alpha} + \frac{\cos \beta}{\sin \beta}} \\ &= \frac{\sin \alpha \sin \beta \cos \gamma}{\sin \gamma (\cos \alpha \sin \beta + \sin \alpha \cos \beta)} &= \frac{\sin \alpha \sin \be...
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ -4 \\ -4 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\mathbf{c} = \begin{pmatrix} -2 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find the vector $\mathbf{b}$ such that $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}$ are collinear, and $\mathbf{b}$ bisects the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{c}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.5...
gpt
The line through $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{c}$ can be parameterized by \[\begin{pmatrix} 7 - 9t \\ -4 + 3t \\ -4 + 6t \end{pmatrix}.\]Then $\mathbf{b}$ is of this form. Furthermore, the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ is equal to the angle between $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{c}.$ Hence, \[\frac{\mathbf{a} \...
human
Compute \[\csc \frac{\pi}{14} - 4 \cos \frac{2 \pi}{7}.\]
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} \csc \frac{\pi}{14} - 4 \cos \frac{2 \pi}{7} &= \frac{1}{\sin \frac{\pi}{14}} - 4 \cos \frac{2 \pi}{7} \\ &= \frac{2 \cos \frac{\pi}{14}}{2 \cos \frac{\pi}{14} \sin \frac{\pi}{14}} - 4 \cos \frac{2 \pi}{7}. \end{align*}By double-angle formula, \begin{align*} \frac{2 \cos \frac{\pi}{14}}{2 \c...
human
Compute $\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}^{2018}.$
gpt
In general, \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ a & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ b & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ a + b & 1 \end{pmatrix},\]so \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}^{2018} = \underbrace{\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \d...
human
Find $\sin \frac{11 \pi}{3}.$
gpt
Converting to degrees, \[\frac{11 \pi}{3} = \frac{180^\circ}{\pi} \cdot \frac{11 \pi}{3} = 660^\circ.\]The sine function has period $360^\circ,$ $\sin 660^\circ = \sin (660^\circ - 2 \cdot 360^\circ) = \sin (-60^\circ) = -\sin 60^\circ = \boxed{-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}.$
human
Find the matrix that corresponds to projecting onto the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
From the projection formula, the projection of $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix}$ onto $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}$ is \begin{align*} \operatorname{proj}_{\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix}} \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} &= \frac{\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -...
human
Parallelepiped $ABCDEFGH$ is generated by vectors $\overrightarrow{AB},$ $\overrightarrow{AD},$ and $\overrightarrow{AE},$ as shown below. [asy] import three; size(220); currentprojection = orthographic(0.5,0.3,0.2); triple I = (1,0,0), J = (0,1,0), K = (0,0,1), O = (0,0,0); triple V = (-1,0.2,0.5), W = (0,3,0.7), U...
gpt
Let $\mathbf{u} = \overrightarrow{AE},$ $\mathbf{v} = \overrightarrow{AB},$ and $\mathbf{w} = \overrightarrow{AD}.$ Also, assume that $A$ is a at the origin. Then \begin{align*} \overrightarrow{C} &= \mathbf{v} + \mathbf{w}, \\ \overrightarrow{F} &= \mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v}, \\ \overrightarrow{G} &= \mathbf{u} + \math...
human
Find the smallest positive angle $x$ that satisfies $\sin 2x \sin 3x = \cos 2x \cos 3x,$ in degrees.
gpt
From the given equation, \[\cos 2x \cos 3x - \sin 2x \sin 3x = 0.\]Then from the angle addition formula, $\cos (2x + 3x) = 0,$ or $\cos 5x = 0.$ To find the smallest positive solution, we take $5x = 90^\circ,$ so $x = \boxed{18^\circ}.$
human
A sphere intersects the $xy$-plane in a circle centered at $(2,4,0)$ with radius 1. The sphere also intersects the $yz$-plane in a circle centered at $(0,4,-7),$ with radius $r.$ Find $r.$
gpt
The center of the sphere must have the same $x$- and $y$-coordinates of $(2,4,0).$ It must also have the same $y$- and $z$-coordinates as $(0,4,-7).$ Therefore, the center of the sphere is $(2,4,-7).$ [asy] import three; size(250); currentprojection = perspective(6,3,2); real t; triple P, Q; P = (2,4,0) + (Cos(33...
human
Let $\mathbf{m},$ $\mathbf{n},$ and $\mathbf{p}$ be unit vectors such that the angle between $\mathbf{m}$ and $\mathbf{n}$ is $\alpha,$ and the angle between $\mathbf{p}$ and $\mathbf{m} \times \mathbf{n}$ is also $\alpha.$ If $\mathbf{n} \cdot (\mathbf{p} \times \mathbf{m}) = \frac{1}{4},$ find the smallest possible ...
gpt
By the scalar triple product, \[\mathbf{p} \cdot (\mathbf{m} \times \mathbf{n}) = \mathbf{n} \cdot (\mathbf{p} \times \mathbf{m}) = \frac{1}{4}.\]Then \[\|\mathbf{p}\| \|\mathbf{m} \times \mathbf{n}\| \cos \alpha = \frac{1}{4}.\]Also, $\|\mathbf{m} \times \mathbf{n}\| = \|\mathbf{m}\| \|\mathbf{n}\| \sin \alpha,$ so \[...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ and $\mathbf{c}$ be unit vectors such that $\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} = \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{c} = 0,$ and the angle between $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{c}$ is $\frac{\pi}{4}.$ Then \[\mathbf{a} = k (\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c})\]for some constant $k.$ Enter all the possible values...
gpt
First, note that since $\mathbf{a}$ is orthogonal to both $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{c},$ $\mathbf{a}$ is a scalar multiple of their cross product $\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}.$ Furthermore, \[\|\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}\| = \|\mathbf{b}\| \|\mathbf{c}\| \sin \frac{\pi}{4} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\]Hence, \[\|\mathbf{...
human
Find the value of $a$ so that the lines described by \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} a \\ -2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}\]and \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -3/2 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} + u \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3/2 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}\]are perpendicular.
gpt
The direction vector of the first line is $\begin{pmatrix} a \\ -2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.$ The direction vector of the second line is $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3/2 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.$ The lines are orthogonal when the direction vectors will be orthogonal, which means their dot product will be 0. This gives us \[(a)(1) + (...
human
Given $\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} = 5,$ find $\begin{vmatrix} 2a & 2b \\ 2c & 2d \end{vmatrix}.$
gpt
From $\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} = 5,$ $ad - bc = 5.$ Then \[\begin{vmatrix} 2a & 2b \\ 2c & 2d \end{vmatrix} = (2a)(2d) - (2b)(2c) = 4(ad - bc) = \boxed{20}.\]
human
The curve parameterized by $(x,y) = (2t + 4, 4t - 5)$ is a line, where $t$ is a real number. Find the equation of the line. Enter the equation in the form "$y = mx + b$".
gpt
Solving for $t$ in $x = 2t + 4,$ we find \[t = \frac{x - 4}{2}.\]Then \[y = 4t - 5 = 4 \cdot \frac{x - 4}{2} - 5 = 2x - 13.\]Thus, the equation is $\boxed{y = 2x - 13}.$
human
Convert the point $(2 \sqrt{3}, 6, -4)$ in rectangular coordinates to spherical coordinates. Enter your answer in the form $(\rho,\theta,\phi),$ where $\rho > 0,$ $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi,$ and $0 \le \phi \le \pi.$
gpt
We have that $\rho = \sqrt{(2 \sqrt{3})^2 + 6^2 + (-4)^2} = 8.$ We want $\phi$ to satisfy \[-4 = 8 \cos \phi,\]so $\phi = \frac{2 \pi}{3}.$ We want $\theta$ to satisfy \begin{align*} 2 \sqrt{3} &= 8 \sin \frac{2 \pi}{3} \cos \theta, \\ 6 &= 8 \sin \frac{2 \pi}{3} \sin \theta. \end{align*}Thus, $\theta = \frac{\pi}{3}...
human
Simplify $\tan \frac{\pi}{24} + \tan \frac{7 \pi}{24}.$
gpt
We can write \[\tan \frac{\pi}{24} + \tan \frac{7 \pi}{24} = \frac{\sin \frac{\pi}{24}}{\cos \frac{\pi}{24}} + \frac{\sin \frac{7 \pi}{24}}{\cos \frac{7 \pi}{24}} = \frac{\sin \frac{\pi}{24} \cos \frac{7 \pi}{24} + \cos \frac{\pi}{24} \sin \frac{7 \pi}{24}}{\cos \frac{\pi}{24} \cos \frac{7 \pi}{24}}.\]By the angle add...
human
Let $\mathbf{a},$ $\mathbf{b},$ $\mathbf{c}$ be vectors such that $\|\mathbf{a}\| = \|\mathbf{b}\| = 1$ and $\|\mathbf{c}\| = 2.$ Find the maximum value of \[\|\mathbf{a} - 2 \mathbf{b}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{b} - 2 \mathbf{c}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{c} - 2 \mathbf{a}\|^2.\]
gpt
Expanding, we get \begin{align*} &\|\mathbf{a} - 2 \mathbf{b}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{b} - 2 \mathbf{c}\|^2 + \|\mathbf{c} - 2 \mathbf{a}\|^2 \\ &= (\mathbf{a} - 2 \mathbf{b}) \cdot (\mathbf{a} - 2 \mathbf{b}) + (\mathbf{b} - 2 \mathbf{c}) \cdot (\mathbf{b} - 2 \mathbf{c}) + (\mathbf{c} - 2 \mathbf{a}) \cdot (\mathbf{c} - 2 \m...
human
Find $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} - 4 \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
We have that \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} - 4 \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 - 4(-1) \\ -5 - 4(7) \end{pmatrix} = \boxed{\begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ -33 \end{pmatrix}}.\]
human
Given vectors $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}$ such that $\|\mathbf{a}\| = 6,$ $\|\mathbf{b}\| = 8,$ and $\|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\| = 11.$ Find $\cos \theta,$ where $\theta$ is the angle between $\mathbf{a}$ and $\mathbf{b}.$
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} \|\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}\|^2 &= (\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}) \cdot (\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b}) \\ &= \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{a} + 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} + \mathbf{b} \cdot \mathbf{b} \\ &= \|\mathbf{a}\|^2 + 2 \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} + \|\mathbf{b}\|^2. \end{align*}Hence, $11^2 = 6^2...
human
A circle centered at $O$ has radius 1 and contains the point $A$. Segment $AB$ is tangent to the circle at $A$ and $\angle AOB=\theta$. If point $C$ lies on $\overline{OA}$ and $\overline{BC}$ bisects $\angle ABO$, then express $OC$ in terms of $s$ and $c,$ where $s = \sin \theta$ and $c = \cos \theta.$ [asy] pair A,B...
gpt
Let $\alpha=\angle CBO=\angle ABC$. By the Law of Sines on triangle $BCO,$ \[\frac{BC}{\sin\theta} = \frac{OC}{\sin\alpha},\]so $OC=\frac{BC\sin\alpha}{\sin\theta}$. In right triangle $ABC$, \[\sin\alpha = \frac{AC}{BC} = \frac{1-OC}{BC}.\]Hence, $OC=\frac{1-OC}{\sin\theta}$. Solving this for $OC$ yields $OC= \frac{1...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $E$ lies on $\overline{AC}$ such that $AE:EC = 2:1,$ and $F$ lies on $\overline{AB}$ such that $AF:FB = 1:4.$ Let $P$ be the intersection of $\overline{BE}$ and $\overline{CF}.$ [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, P; A = (1,4); B = (0,0); C = (6,0); E = interp(A,C,2/3); F = interp(A,B,...
gpt
From the given information, \[\overrightarrow{E} = \frac{1}{3} \overrightarrow{A} + \frac{2}{3} \overrightarrow{C}\]and \[\overrightarrow{F} = \frac{4}{5} \overrightarrow{A} + \frac{1}{5} \overrightarrow{B}.\]Isolating $\overrightarrow{A}$ in each equation, we obtain \[\overrightarrow{A} = 3 \overrightarrow{E} - 2 \ove...
human
The polynomial $P(x)$ is a monic, quartic polynomial with real coefficients, and two of its roots are $\cos \theta + i \sin \theta$ and $\sin \theta + i \cos \theta,$ where $0 < \theta < \frac{\pi}{4}.$ When the four roots of $P(x)$ are plotted in the complex plane, they form a quadrilateral whose area is equal to hal...
gpt
Since the polynomial $P(x)$ has real coefficients, if $z$ is a nonreal root of $P(x),$ then so is its conjugate $\overline{z}.$ Thus, the other two roots of $P(x)$ are $\cos \theta - i \sin \theta$ and $\sin \theta - i \cos \theta.$ When we plot the four roots (all of which lie on the unit circle), we obtain a trapez...
human
A unit cube has vertices $P_1,P_2,P_3,P_4,P_1',P_2',P_3',$ and $P_4'$. Vertices $P_2$, $P_3$, and $P_4$ are adjacent to $P_1$, and for $1\le i\le 4,$ vertices $P_i$ and $P_i'$ are opposite to each other. A regular octahedron has one vertex in each of the segments $\overline{P_1P_2}$, $\overline{P_1P_3}$, $\overline{P_1...
gpt
Place the cube in coordinate space so that $P_1 = (0,0,0)$ and $P_1' = (1,1,1),$ and the edges of the cube are parallel to the axes. Since all the side lengths of the octahedron are equal, the vertices on $\overline{P_1 P_2},$ $\overline{P_1 P_3},$ and $\overline{P_1 P_4}$ must be equidistant from $P_1.$ Let this dis...
human
Convert the point $(\sqrt{2},-\sqrt{2})$ in rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. Enter your answer in the form $(r,\theta),$ where $r > 0$ and $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi.$
gpt
We have that $r = \sqrt{(\sqrt{2})^2 + (-\sqrt{2})^2} = 2.$ Also, if we draw the line connecting the origin and $(\sqrt{2},-\sqrt{2}),$ this line makes an angle of $\frac{7 \pi}{4}$ with the positive $x$-axis. [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); draw((-2.5,0)--(2.5,0)); draw((0,-2.5)--(0,2.5)); draw(arc((0,0),2,0,315),red,Arrow...
human
Find the matrix $\mathbf{P}$ such that for any vector $\mathbf{v},$ $\mathbf{P} \mathbf{v}$ is the projection of $\mathbf{v}$ onto the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
Let $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix}.$ Then the projection of $\mathbf{v}$ onto $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}$ is given by \begin{align*} \frac{\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} ...
human
Convert the point $(\rho,\theta,\phi) = \left( 2, \pi, \frac{\pi}{4} \right)$ in spherical coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
gpt
We have that $\rho = 12,$ $\theta = \pi,$ and $\phi = \frac{\pi}{4},$ so \begin{align*} x &= \rho \sin \phi \cos \theta = 2 \sin \frac{\pi}{4} \cos \pi = -\sqrt{2}, \\ y &= \rho \sin \phi \sin \theta = 2 \sin \frac{\pi}{4} \sin \pi = 0, \\ z &= \rho \cos \phi = 2 \cos \frac{\pi}{4} = \sqrt{2}. \end{align*}Therefore, th...
human
Find $\cos \frac{5 \pi}{4}.$
gpt
Converting to degrees, \[\frac{5 \pi}{4} = \frac{180^\circ}{\pi} \cdot \frac{5 \pi}{4} = 225^\circ.\]Then $\cos 225^\circ = -\cos (225^\circ - 180^\circ) = -\cos 45^\circ = \boxed{-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}.$
human
Compute $\tan 75^\circ.$
gpt
From the angle addition formula, \begin{align*} \tan 75^\circ &= \tan (45^\circ + 30^\circ) \\ &= \frac{\tan 45^\circ + \tan 30^\circ}{1 - \tan 45^\circ \tan 30^\circ} \\ &= \frac{1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}}{1 - \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}} \\ &= \frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{\sqrt{3} - 1} \\ &= \frac{(\sqrt{3} + 1)(\sqrt{3} + 1)}{(\sqrt{3} ...
human
In triangle $PQR,$ $\angle Q = 30^\circ,$ $\angle R = 105^\circ,$ and $PR = 4 \sqrt{2}.$ Find $QR.$
gpt
We have that $\angle P = 180^\circ - 30^\circ - 105^\circ = 45^\circ.$ Then by the Law of Sines, \[\frac{QR}{\sin P} = \frac{PR}{\sin Q}.\]Hence, \[QR = PR \cdot \frac{\sin P}{\sin Q} = 4 \sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sin 45^\circ}{\sin 30^\circ} = \boxed{8}.\]
human
Convert the point $\left( 8, \frac{\pi}{4}, \sqrt{3} \right)$ in cylindrical coordinates to rectangular coordinates.
gpt
Given cylindrical coordinates $(r,\theta,z),$ the rectangular coordinates are given by \[(r \cos \theta, r \sin \theta, z).\]So here, the rectangular coordinates are \[\left( 8 \cos \frac{\pi}{4}, 8 \sin \frac{\pi}{4}, \sqrt{3} \right) = \boxed{(4 \sqrt{2}, 4 \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3})}.\]
human
Ajay is standing at point $A$ near Pontianak, Indonesia, $0^\circ$ latitude and $110^\circ \text{ E}$ longitude. Billy is standing at point $B$ near Big Baldy Mountain, Idaho, USA, $45^\circ \text{ N}$ latitude and $115^\circ \text{ W}$ longitude. Assume that Earth is a perfect sphere with center $C$. What is the degre...
gpt
Let $B'$ be the point at $0^\circ$ latitude and $115^\circ$ W longitude. We see that $\angle ACB = 360^\circ - 110^\circ - 115^\circ = 135^\circ.$ [asy] import three; import solids; size(200); currentprojection = perspective(6,3,2); triple A, B, Bp, C; A = (Cos(110),Sin(110),0); B = (Sin(45)*Cos(-115),Sin(45)*Sin(...
human
If the three points $(1,a,b),$ $(a,2,b),$ $(a,b,3)$ are collinear, what is the value of $a + b$?
gpt
Note that the $z$-coordinate of both $(1,a,b)$ and $(a,2,b)$ is $b,$ so the whole line must lie in the plane $z = b.$ Hence, $b = 3.$ Similarly, the $x$-coordinate of both $(a,2,b)$ and $(a,b,3)$ is $a,$ so the whole line must lie in the plane $x = a.$ Hence, $a = 1,$ so $a + b = \boxed{4}.$
human
Evaluate $(2-w)(2-w^2)\cdots(2-w^{10})$ where $w=e^{2\pi i/11}.$
gpt
We know that the roots of $x^{10}+x^9 + \cdots + x + 1$ are the eleventh roots of unity except $1.$ These are $e^{2 k \pi i / 11},$ $k = 1,$ $2,$ $\ldots,$ $10,$ which are just $\omega,$ $\omega^2,$ $\ldots,$ $\omega^{10}.$ Therefore, we must have $$(x-\omega)(x-\omega^2)\cdots(x-\omega^{10}) = x^{10} + x^9 + \cdots + ...
human
Find all numbers in the range of \[f(x) = \arctan x + \arctan \frac{1 - x}{1 + x},\]expressed in radians. Enter all the numbers, separated by commas.
gpt
From the addition formula for tangent, \[\tan f(x) = \tan \left( \arctan x + \arctan \frac{1 - x}{1 + x} \right) = \frac{x + \frac{1 - x}{1 + x}}{1 - x \cdot \frac{1 - x}{1 + x}} = 1.\]If $x < -1,$ then $-\frac{\pi}{2} < \arctan x < -\frac{\pi}{4}.$ Also, \[1 + \frac{1 - x}{1 + x} = \frac{2}{1 + x} < 0,\]so $\frac{1 -...
human
For real numbers $t,$ the point \[(x,y) = \left( \frac{1 - t^2}{1 + t^2}, \frac{2t}{1 + t^2} \right)\]is plotted. All the plotted points lie on what kind of curve? (A) Line (B) Circle (C) Parabola (D) Ellipse (E) Hyperbola Enter the letter of the correct option.
gpt
Let $x = \frac{1 - t^2}{1 + t^2}$ and $y = \frac{2t}{1 + t^2}.$ Then \begin{align*} x^2 + y^2 &= \left( \frac{1 - t^2}{1 + t^2} \right)^2 + \left( \frac{2t}{1 + t^2} \right)^2 \\ &= \frac{1 - 2t^2 + t^4}{1 + 2t^2 + t^4} + \frac{4t^2}{1 + 2t^2 + t^4} \\ &= \frac{1 + 2t^2 + t^4}{1 + 2t^2 + t^4} \\ &= 1. \end{align*}Thus...
human
A bee starts flying from point $P_0$. She flies $1$ inch due east to point $P_1$. For $j \ge 1$, once the bee reaches point $P_j$, she turns $30^{\circ}$ counterclockwise and then flies $j+1$ inches straight to point $P_{j+1}$. When the bee reaches $P_{2015},$ how far from $P_0$ is she, in inches?
gpt
Let $\omega = e^{\pi i/6}.$ Then assuming the bee starts at the origin, $P_{2015}$ is at the point \[z = 1 + 2 \omega + 3 \omega^2 + 4 \omega^3 + \dots + 2015 \omega^{2014}.\]Then \[\omega z = \omega + 2 \omega^2 + 3 \omega^3 + 4 \omega^4 + \dots + 2015 \omega^{2015}.\]Subtracting these equations, we get \begin{align*...
human
Let $\theta$ be an angle such that $\sin 2 \theta = \frac{1}{3}.$ Compute $\sin^6 \theta + \cos^6 \theta.$
gpt
We can factor $\cos^6 \theta + \sin^6 \theta$ to get \begin{align*} \cos^6 \theta + \sin^6 \theta &= (\cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \theta)(\cos^4 \theta - \cos^2 \theta \sin^2 \theta + \sin^4 \theta) \\ &= \cos^4 \theta - \cos^2 \theta \sin^2 \theta + \sin^4 \theta. \end{align*}Squaring the equation $\cos^2 \theta + \sin^2 \...