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human
Compute $\begin{pmatrix} -4 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix}$.
gpt
We see that \[\begin{pmatrix} -4 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ 8 \end{pmatrix} = (-4) \cdot 6 + (-1) \cdot 8 = \boxed{-32}.\]
human
Let $\mathbf{a} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find the vector $\mathbf{b}$ such that $\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} = 11$ and \[\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} -13 \\ -9 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}.\]
gpt
Let $\mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix}.$ Then the equation $\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b} = 11$ gives us $2x + y + 5z = 11.$ Also, \[\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -5y + z \\ 5x - 2z \\ -x +...
human
Joel selected an acute angle $x$ (strictly between 0 and 90 degrees) and wrote the values of $\sin x$, $\cos x$, and $\tan x$ on three different cards. Then he gave those cards to three students, Malvina, Paulina, and Georgina, one card to each, and asked them to figure out which trigonometric function (sin, cos, or t...
gpt
The functions $\sin x,$ $\cos x,$ $\tan x$ are one-to-one on the interval $(0^\circ,90^\circ).$ Since Malvina could deduce her function, the value of $x$ can also be deduced. In particular, $\sin x,$ $\cos x,$ and $\tan x$ are all known. Since they cannot deduce Paulina's function and Georgina's function, their valu...
human
The set of points $(x,y,z)$ that are equidistant to $(1,2,-5)$ and point $P$ satisfy an equation of the form \[10x - 4y + 24z = 55.\]Find the point $P.$
gpt
Let $P = (a,b,c).$ If the point $(x,y,z)$ is equidistant to $(1,2,-5)$ and $(a,b,c),$ then \[(x - 1)^2 + (y - 2)^2 + (z + 5)^2 = (x - a)^2 + (y - b)^2 + (z - c)^2.\]Expanding, we get \[x^2 - 2x + 1 + y^2 - 4y + 4 + z^2 + 10z + 25 = x^2 - 2ax + a^2 + y^2 - 2by + b^2 + z^2 - 2cz + c^2,\]which simplifies to \[(2a - 2) x ...
human
Convert the point $(0, -3 \sqrt{3}, 3)$ in rectangular coordinates to spherical coordinates. Enter your answer in the form $(\rho,\theta,\phi),$ where $\rho > 0,$ $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi,$ and $0 \le \phi \le \pi.$
gpt
We have that $\rho = \sqrt{0^2 + (-3 \sqrt{3})^2 + 3^2} = 6.$ We want $\phi$ to satisfy \[3 = 6 \cos \phi,\]so $\phi = \frac{\pi}{3}.$ We want $\theta$ to satisfy \begin{align*} 0 &= 6 \sin \frac{\pi}{3} \cos \theta, \\ -3 \sqrt{3} &= 6 \sin \frac{\pi}{3} \sin \theta. \end{align*}Thus, $\theta = \frac{3 \pi}{2},$ so ...
human
The line $y = 2x + 7$ is to be parameterized using vectors. Which of the following options are valid parameterizations? (A) $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} + t \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ (B) $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -7/2 \\ 0 \end...
gpt
Note that $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 9 \end{pmatrix}$ are two points on this line, so a possible direction vector is \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 9 \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 7 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.\]Then any nonzero scalar multiple of $\begin{pm...
human
Find the range of \[f(A)=\frac{\sin A(3\cos^{2}A+\cos^{4}A+3\sin^{2}A+\sin^{2}A\cos^{2}A)}{\tan A (\sec A-\sin A\tan A)}\]if $A\neq \dfrac{n\pi}{2}$ for any integer $n.$ Enter your answer using interval notation.
gpt
We can factor the numerator, and write the denominator in terms of $\sin A$ and $\cos A,$ to get \begin{align*} f(A) &= \frac{\sin A (3 \cos^2 A + \cos^4 A + 3 \sin^2 A + \sin^2 A \cos^2 A)}{\tan A (\sec A - \sin A \tan A)} \\ &= \frac{\sin A (\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A)(\cos^2 A + 3)}{\frac{\sin A}{\cos A} (\frac{1}{\cos A} ...
human
Three of the vertices of parallelogram $ABCD$ are $A = (3,-1,2),$ $B = (1,2,-4),$ and $C = (-1,1,2).$ Find the coordinates of $D.$
gpt
Since $ABCD$ is a parallelogram, the midpoints of diagonals $\overline{AC}$ and $\overline{BD}$ coincide. [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, D; A = (0,0); B = (7,2); D = (1,3); C = B + D; draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(A--C,dashed); draw(B--D,dashed); label("$A$", A, SW); label("$B$", B, SE); label("$C$", C, NE)...
human
If $\tan x+\tan y=25$ and $\cot x + \cot y=30$, what is $\tan(x+y)$?
gpt
The second equation is equivalent to $\frac1{\tan x} + \frac1{\tan y} = 30,$ or $\frac{\tan x + \tan y}{\tan x \tan y} = 30.$ Thus, $\frac{25}{\tan x \tan y} = 30,$ so $\tan x \tan y = \frac{25}{30} = \frac{5}{6}.$ Then from the angle addition formula, \[\tan(x+y) = \frac{\tan x+ \tan y}{1 - \tan x \tan y} = \frac{25}{...
human
Find $\cot 45^\circ.$
gpt
We have that $\cot 45^\circ = \frac{1}{\tan 45^\circ} = \boxed{1}.$
human
Below is the graph of $y = a \sin bx$ for some constants $a < 0$ and $b > 0.$ Find $a.$ [asy]import TrigMacros; size(400); real g(real x) { return (-2*sin(x/3)); } draw(graph(g,-3*pi,3*pi,n=700,join=operator ..),red); trig_axes(-3*pi,3*pi,-3,3,pi/2,1); layer(); rm_trig_labels(-5, 5, 2); label("$1$", (0,1), E); l...
gpt
The maximum value of $a \sin bx$ is $|a|,$ so $a = \boxed{-2}.$
human
Solve $\arcsin x + \arcsin (1 - x) = \arccos x.$
gpt
Taking the sine of both sides, we get \[\sin (\arcsin x + \arcsin (1 - x)) = \sin (\arccos x).\]Then from the angle addition formula, \[\sin (\arcsin x) \cos (\arcsin (1 - x)) + \cos (\arcsin x) \sin (\arcsin (1 - x)) = \sin (\arccos x),\]or \[x \sqrt{1 - (1 - x)^2} + \sqrt{1 - x^2} (1 - x) = \sqrt{1 - x^2}.\]Then \[x ...
human
Find $k$ if \[(\sin \alpha + \csc \alpha)^2 + (\cos \alpha + \sec \alpha)^2 = k + \tan^2 \alpha + \cot^2 \alpha.\]
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} k &= (\sin \alpha + \csc \alpha)^2 + (\cos \alpha + \sec \alpha)^2 - \tan^2 \alpha - \cot^2 \alpha \\ &= \left( \sin \alpha + \frac{1}{\sin \alpha} \right)^2 + \left( \cos \alpha + \frac{1}{\cos \alpha} \right)^2 - \frac{\sin^2 \alpha}{\cos^2 \alpha} - \frac{\cos^2 \alpha}{\sin^2 \alpha} \\ ...
human
Find the matrix $\mathbf{M}$ such that \[\mathbf{M} \mathbf{v} = -5 \mathbf{v}\]for all vectors $\mathbf{v}.$
gpt
In general, $\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ is the first column of $\mathbf{M}$, and $\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ is the second column of $\mathbf{M}.$ Taking $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},$ we get \[-5 \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -...
human
For real numbers $a,$ $b,$ and $c,$ the matrix \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{pmatrix}\]is not invertible. List all possible values of \[\frac{a}{b + c} + \frac{b}{a + c} + \frac{c}{a + b}.\]
gpt
Since the matrix is not invertible, its determinant is 0, i.e. \[\begin{vmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{vmatrix} = 0.\]The determinant expands as \begin{align*} \begin{vmatrix} a & b & c \\ b & c & a \\ c & a & b \end{vmatrix} &= a \begin{vmatrix} c & a \\ a & b \end{vmatrix} - b \begin{vmatrix} b & a...
human
A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of $v$ at an angle of $\theta$ from the ground. Then its trajectory can modeled by the parametric equations \begin{align*} x &= vt \cos \theta, \\ y &= vt \sin \theta - \frac{1}{2} gt^2, \end{align*}where $t$ denotes time and $g$ denotes acceleration due to gravity, formi...
gpt
For a given angle of $\theta,$ the projectile lands when $y = 0,$ or \[vt \sin \theta - \frac{1}{2} gt^2 = 0.\]The solutions are $t = 0$ and $t = \frac{2v \sin \theta}{g}.$ The top of the arch occurs at the half-way point, or \[t = \frac{v \sin \theta}{g}.\]Then the highest point of the arch is given by \begin{align*}...
human
Find the volume of the region in space defined by \[|x + y + z| + |x + y - z| \le 8\]and $x,$ $y,$ $z \ge 0.$
gpt
Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers. If $a \ge b,$ then \[|a + b| + |a - b| = (a + b) + (a - b) = 2a.\]If $a \le b,$ then \[|a + b| + |a - b| = (a + b) + (b - a) = 2b.\]In either case, $|a + b| + |a - b| = 2 \max\{a,b\}.$ Thus, the condition $|x + y + z| + |x + y - z| \le 8$ is equivalent to \[2 \max \{x + y, z\} \le 8,\...
human
Find a unit vector that is orthogonal to both $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
To find a unit vector that is orthogonal to both $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix},$ we take their cross product: \[\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \times \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]This vec...
human
Let $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{w}$ be the vectors such that $\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w} = -3$ and $\|\mathbf{w}\| = 5.$ Find the magnitude of $\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v}.$
gpt
We know that \[\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v} = \frac{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}}{\|\mathbf{w}\|^2} \mathbf{w},\]so \[\|\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v}\| = \left| \frac{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}}{\|\mathbf{w}\|^2} \right| \|\mathbf{w}\| = \frac{|\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{w}|}{\|\mathbf{w}\|} ...
human
How many solutions of the equation $\tan x = \tan (\tan x)$ are on the interval $0 \le x \le \tan^{-1} 942$? (Here $\tan^{-1}$ means the inverse tangent function, sometimes written $\arctan$.) Note: You can assume the result that $\tan \theta > \theta$ for $0 < \theta < \frac{\pi}{2}.$
gpt
Two angles have the same tangent if and only if they differ by a multiple of $\pi.$ This means $\tan x - x$ is a multiple of $\pi.$ Let \[T(x) = \tan x - x.\]First, we prove that the function $T(x)$ is strictly increasing on the interval $\left[ 0, \frac{\pi}{2} \right).$ Let $0 \le x < y < \frac{\pi}{2}.$ Then \[y...
human
A certain point has rectangular coordinates $(10,3)$ and polar coordinates $(r, \theta).$ What are the rectangular coordinates of the point with polar coordinates $(r^2, 2 \theta)$?
gpt
From the given information, $r \cos \theta = 10$ and $r \sin \theta = 3.$ Then for $(r^2, 2 \theta),$ the $x$-coordinate is \begin{align*} r^2 \cos 2 \theta &= r^2 (\cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta) \\ &= r^2 \cos^2 \theta - r^2 \sin^2 \theta \\ &= 10^2 - 3^2 \\ &= 91, \end{align*}and the $y$-coordinate is \begin{align*}...
human
The matrix \[\begin{pmatrix} a & \frac{15}{34} \\ c & \frac{25}{34} \end{pmatrix}\]corresponds to a projection. Enter the ordered pair $(a,c).$
gpt
Suppose $\mathbf{P}$ is the matrix for projecting onto the vector $\mathbf{p}.$ Then for any vector $\mathbf{v},$ $\mathbf{P} \mathbf{v}$ is a scalar multiple of $\mathbf{p}.$ So when we apply the projection again to $\mathbf{P} \mathbf{v},$ the result is still $\mathbf{P} \mathbf{v}.$ This means \[\mathbf{P} (\math...
human
Find the integer $n,$ $-90 \le n \le 90,$ such that $\sin n^\circ = \sin 604^\circ.$
gpt
Since the sine function has period $360^\circ,$ \[\sin 604^\circ = \sin (604^\circ - 2 \cdot 360^\circ) = \sin (-116^\circ).\]Since sine is an odd function, \[\sin (-116^\circ) = -\sin 116^\circ.\]Since $\sin x = \sin (180^\circ - x)$ for all angles $x,$ \[-\sin 116^\circ = \sin (180^\circ - 116^\circ) = -\sin 64^\circ...
human
Let $\mathbf{M} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 1 & -3 \end{pmatrix}.$ Find constants $a$ and $b$ so that \[\mathbf{M}^{-1} = a \mathbf{M} + b \mathbf{I}.\]Enter the ordered pair $(a,b).$
gpt
We have that \[\begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 1 & -3 \end{pmatrix}^{-1} = \frac{1}{(2)(-3) - (0)(1)} \begin{pmatrix} -3 & 0 \\ -1 & 2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{6} & -\frac{1}{3} \end{pmatrix}.\]Also, \[a \mathbf{M} + b \mathbf{I} = a \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 1 & -3 \end{pmatrix} + b \begin{p...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $\angle B = 60^\circ$ and $\angle C = 45^\circ.$ The point $D$ divides $\overline{BC}$ in the ratio $1:3$. Find \[\frac{\sin \angle BAD}{\sin \angle CAD}.\]
gpt
By the Law of Sines on triangle $ABC,$ \[\frac{BD}{\sin \angle BAD} = \frac{AD}{\sin 60^\circ} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \quad \sin \angle BAD = \frac{BD \sqrt{3}}{2 AD}.\]By the Law of Sines on triangle $ACD,$ \[\frac{CD}{\sin \angle CAD} = \frac{AD}{\sin 45^\circ} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \quad \sin \angle CAD = \frac{C...
human
A particle is located on the coordinate plane at $(5,0)$. Define a ''move'' for the particle as a counterclockwise rotation of $\frac{\pi}{4}$ radians about the origin followed by a translation of $10$ units in the positive $x$-direction. Find the particle's position after $150$ moves.
gpt
Let $z_0 = 5,$ and let $z_n$ be the position of the point after $n$ steps. Then \[z_n = \omega z_{n - 1} + 10,\]where $\omega = \operatorname{cis} \frac{\pi}{4}.$ Then \begin{align*} z_1 &= 5 \omega + 10, \\ z_2 &= \omega (5 \omega + 10) = 5 \omega^2 + 10 \omega + 10, \\ z_3 &= \omega (5 \omega^2 + 10 \omega + 10) + ...
human
The dilation, centered at $2 + 3i,$ with scale factor 3, takes $-1 - i$ to which complex number?
gpt
Let $z$ be the image of $-1 - i$ under the dilation. [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); pair C, P, Q; C = (2,3); P = (-1,-1); Q = interp(C,P,3); draw((-10,0)--(10,0)); draw((0,-10)--(0,10)); draw(C--Q,dashed); dot("$2 + 3i$", (2,3), NE); dot("$-1 - i$", (-1,-1), NW); dot("$-7 - 9i$", (-7,-9), SW); [/asy] Since the dilation i...
human
Find the projection of the vector $\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -4 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}$ onto the line \[2x = -3y = z.\]
gpt
We can write the equation of the line as \[\frac{x}{3} = \frac{y}{-2} = \frac{z}{6}.\]Thus, the direction vector of the line is $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ -2 \\ 6 \end{pmatrix}.$ The projection of $\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -4 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}$ onto the line is then \[\frac{\begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -4 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $D,$ $E,$ and $F$ are points on sides $\overline{BC},$ $\overline{AC},$ and $\overline{AB},$ respectively, so that $BD:DC = CE:EA = AF:FB = 1:2.$ [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, P, Q, R; A = (2,5); B = (0,0); C = (7,0); D = interp(B,C,1/3); E = interp(C,A,1/3); F = interp(A,B,1/3); ...
gpt
Let $\mathbf{a}$ denote $\overrightarrow{A},$ etc. Then from the given information, \begin{align*} \mathbf{d} &= \frac{2}{3} \mathbf{b} + \frac{1}{3} \mathbf{c}, \\ \mathbf{e} &= \frac{1}{3} \mathbf{a} + \frac{2}{3} \mathbf{c}, \\ \mathbf{f} &= \frac{2}{3} \mathbf{a} + \frac{1}{3} \mathbf{b}. \end{align*}From the firs...
human
There exists a positive real number $x$ such that $ \cos (\arctan (x)) = x $. Find the value of $x^2$.
gpt
Construct a right triangle with legs 1 and $x.$ Let the angle opposite the side length $x$ be $\theta.$ [asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair A, B, C; A = (2,1.8); B = (0,0); C = (2,0); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(rightanglemark(A,C,B,8)); label("$\theta$", B + (0.7,0.3)); label("$1$", (B + C)/2, S); label("$x$", (A + C)/2, ...
human
In triangle $ABC,$ $AB = 3,$ $AC = 6,$ $BC = 8,$ and $D$ lies on $\overline{BC}$ such that $\overline{AD}$ bisects $\angle BAC.$ Find $\cos \angle BAD.$
gpt
By the Law of Cosines, \[\cos A = \frac{3^2 + 6^2 - 8^2}{2 \cdot 3 \cdot 6} = -\frac{19}{36}.\][asy] unitsize (1 cm); pair A, B, C, D; B = (0,0); C = (8,0); A = intersectionpoint(arc(B,3,0,180),arc(C,6,0,180)); D = interp(B,C,3/9); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(A--D); label("$A$", A, N); label("$B$", B, SW); label("$C...
human
Consider two lines: line $l$ parametrized as \begin{align*} x &= 1 + 4t,\\ y &= 4 + 3t \end{align*}and the line $m$ parametrized as \begin{align*} x &=-5 + 4s\\ y &= 6 + 3s. \end{align*}Let $A$ be a point on line $l$, $B$ be a point on line $m$, and let $P$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ to line $m$. T...
gpt
As usual, we start by graphing these lines. An easy way to go about it is to plot some points. Let's plug in $t =0$ and $t = 1$ for line $l$, getting the points $(1, 4)$ and $(5, 7)$. Here's our line: [asy] size(200); import TrigMacros; import olympiad; //Gives the maximum line that fits in the box. path maxLine(pai...
human
Cube $ABCDEFGH,$ labeled as shown below, has edge length $1$ and is cut by a plane passing through vertex $D$ and the midpoints $M$ and $N$ of $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{CG}$ respectively. The plane divides the cube into two solids. Find the volume of the larger of the two solids. [asy] import cse5; unitsize(8mm)...
gpt
Define a coordinate system with $D$ at the origin and $C,$ $A,$ and $H$ on the $x$-, $y$-, and $z$-axes respectively. Then $D=(0,0,0),$ $M=\left(\frac{1}{2},1,0\right),$ and $N=\left(1,0,\frac{1}{2}\right).$ The plane going through $D,$ $M,$ and $N$ has equation \[2x-y-4z=0.\]This plane intersects $\overline{BF}$ at $Q...
human
The line $y = \frac{3x - 5}{4}$ is parameterized in the form \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{v} + t \mathbf{d},\]so that for $x \ge 3,$ the distance between $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ is $t.$ Find $\mathbf{d}.$
gpt
Setting $t = 0,$ we get \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \mathbf{v}.\]But the distance between $\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ is $t = 0,$ so $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.$ Thus, \[\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \...
human
Express $\sin 4x + \sin 6x$ as a product of trigonometric functions.
gpt
By sum-to-product, \[\sin 4x + \sin 6x = \boxed{2 \sin 5x \cos x}.\]
human
The line $y = \frac{3}{2} x - 25$ is parameterized by $(x,y) = (f(t),15t - 7).$ Enter the function $f(t).$
gpt
Let $y = 15t - 7.$ Then \[15t - 7 = \frac{3}{2} x - 25.\]Solving for $x,$ we find $x = \boxed{10t + 12}.$
human
In polar coordinates, the point $\left( -2, \frac{3 \pi}{8} \right)$ is equivalent to what other point, in the standard polar coordinate representation? Enter your answer in the form $(r,\theta),$ where $r > 0$ and $0 \le \theta < 2 \pi.$
gpt
To obtain the point $\left( -2, \frac{3 \pi}{8} \right),$ we move counter-clockwise from the positive $x$-axis by an angle of $\frac{3 \pi}{8},$ then take the point with $r = -2$ at this angle. Since $-2$ is negative, we end up reflecting through the origin. Thus, we arrive at the point $\boxed{\left( 2, \frac{11 \pi...
human
One angle of a triangle is twice another, and the sides opposite these angles have lengths 15 and 9. Compute the length of the third side of the triangle.
gpt
Without loss of generality, let the triangle be $ABC,$ where $AB = 9,$ $AC = 15,$ and $\angle B = 2 \angle C.$ Let $a = BC.$ Then by the Law of Cosines, \[\cos C = \frac{a^2 + 15^2 - 9^2}{2 \cdot a \cdot 15} = \frac{a^2 + 144}{30a}.\]By the Law of Sines, \[\frac{9}{\sin C} = \frac{15}{\sin B} = \frac{15}{\sin 2C} = \...
human
Simplify \[\cos ^2 x + \cos^2 (x + y) - 2 \cos x \cos y \cos (x + y).\]
gpt
First, we can write \begin{align*} &\cos^2 x + \cos^2 (x + y) - 2 \cos x \cos y \cos (x + y) \\ &= \cos^2 x + \cos (x + y) (\cos (x + y) - 2 \cos x \cos y). \end{align*}From the angle addition formula, $\cos (x + y) = \cos x \cos y - \sin x \sin y,$ so \begin{align*} &\cos^2 x + \cos (x + y) (\cos (x + y) - 2 \cos x \c...
human
Find the number of solutions to \[\sin x = \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^x\]on the interval $(0,100 \pi).$
gpt
The function $y = \sin x$ and $y = \left (\frac{1}{2} \right)^x$ are plotted below. [asy] unitsize (1.5 cm); real funcf (real x) { return (2*sin(pi*x)); } real funcg (real x) { return((1/2)^x); } draw(graph(funcf,0,4.2),red); draw(graph(funcg,0,4.2),blue); draw((0,-2)--(0,2)); draw((0,0)--(4.2,0)); draw((1,-0....
human
The complex number $(3 \operatorname{cis} 18^\circ)(-2\operatorname{cis} 37^\circ)$ is expressed in polar form as $r \operatorname{cis} \theta,$ where $r > 0$ and $0^\circ \le \theta < 360^\circ.$ Enter the ordered pair $(r, \theta).$
gpt
We can write \[(3 \operatorname{cis} 18^\circ)(-2\operatorname{cis} 37^\circ) = (3)(-2) \operatorname{cis}(18^\circ + 37^\circ) = -6 \operatorname{cis} 55^\circ.\]Since we want $r > 0,$ we can write $-6 \operatorname{cis} 55^\circ = 6 \operatorname{cis} (55^\circ + 180^\circ) = 6 \operatorname{cis} 235^\circ.$ Hence, ...
human
Let $\mathbf{M}$ be a matrix such that \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \quad \text{and} \quad \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]Compute $\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.$
gpt
We can try solving for the matrix $\mathbf{M}.$ Alternatively, we can try to express $\begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ as a linear combination of $\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}$ and $\begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}.$ Let \[\begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = a \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatri...
human
Find the phase shift of the graph of $y = 2 \sin \left( 2x + \frac{\pi}{3} \right).$
gpt
Since the graph of $y = 2 \sin \left( 2x + \frac{\pi}{3} \right)$ is the same as the graph of $y = 2 \sin 2x$ shifted $\frac{\pi}{6}$ units to the left, the phase shift is $\boxed{-\frac{\pi}{6}}.$ [asy]import TrigMacros; size(400); real g(real x) { return 2*sin(2*x + pi/3); } real f(real x) { return 2*sin(2*x); ...
human
Compute $(\cos 185^\circ + i \sin 185^\circ)^{54}.$
gpt
By DeMoivre's Theorem, \begin{align*} (\cos 185^\circ + i \sin 185^\circ)^{54} &= \cos 9990^\circ + i \sin 9990^\circ \\ &= \cos 270^\circ + i \sin 270^\circ \\ &= \boxed{-i}. \end{align*}
human
Let $\mathbf{w} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.$ The set of vectors $\mathbf{v}$ such that \[\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ -2 \\ 4 \end{pmatrix}\]lie on a plane. Enter the equation of this plane in the form \[Ax + By + Cz + D = 0,\]where $A,$ $B,$ $C,$ $D$ are intege...
gpt
Let $\mathbf{v} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix}.$ From the formula for a projection, \[\operatorname{proj}_{\mathbf{w}} \mathbf{v} = \frac{\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ ...
human
Find the number of ordered quadruples $(a,b,c,d)$ of real numbers such that \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^{-1} = \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{a} & \frac{1}{b} \\ \frac{1}{c} & \frac{1}{d} \end{pmatrix} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}.\]
gpt
If $\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}^{-1} = \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{a} & \frac{1}{b} \\ \frac{1}{c} & \frac{1}{d} \end{pmatrix} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1},$ then \[\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{...
human
Let $\overline{AD},$ $\overline{BE},$ $\overline{CF}$ be the altitudes of acute triangle $ABC.$ If \[9 \overrightarrow{AD} + 4 \overrightarrow{BE} + 7 \overrightarrow{CF} = \mathbf{0},\]then compute $\angle ACB,$ in degrees. [asy] unitsize (0.6 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, H; A = (2,5); B = (0,0); C = (8,0); D = (A ...
gpt
Let $H$ be the orthocenter of triangle $ABC.$ Since \[9 \overrightarrow{AD} + 4 \overrightarrow{BE} + 7 \overrightarrow{CF} = \mathbf{0},\]there exists a triangle, say $PQR,$ such that $\overrightarrow{PQ} = 9 \overrightarrow{AD},$ $\overrightarrow{QR} = 4 \overrightarrow{BE},$ and $\overrightarrow{RP} = 7 \overrighta...
human
Simplify \[\cos \frac{2 \pi}{13} + \cos \frac{6 \pi}{13} + \cos \frac{8 \pi}{13}.\]
gpt
Let $x = \cos \frac{2 \pi}{13} + \cos \frac{6 \pi}{13} + \cos \frac{8 \pi}{13},$ and let $\omega = e^{2 \pi i/13}.$ Then $\omega^{13} = e^{2 \pi i} = 1.$ We see that $x$ is the real part of \[\omega + \omega^3 + \omega^4.\]Since $|\omega| = 1,$ $\overline{\omega} = \frac{1}{\omega}.$ Thus, $x$ is also the real part ...
human
Find \[\sin \left( \sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5} + \tan^{-1} 2 \right).\]
gpt
Let $a = \sin^{-1} \frac{3}{5}$ and $b = \tan^{-1} 2.$ Then $\sin a = \frac{3}{5}$ and $\tan b = 2.$ With the usual technique of constructing right triangles, we can find that $\cos a = \frac{4}{5},$ $\cos b = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}},$ and $\sin b = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}.$ Therefore, from the angle addition formula, \begin{...
human
Find the matrix that corresponds to rotating about the origin by an angle of $120^\circ$ counter-clockwise.
gpt
The transformation that rotates about the origin by an angle of $120^\circ$ counter-clockwise takes $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}$ to $\begin{pmatrix} -1/2 \\ \sqrt{3}/2 \end{pmatrix},$ and $\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$ to $\begin{pmatrix} -\sqrt{3}/2 \\ -1/2 \end{pmatrix},$ so the matrix is \[\boxed{\...