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human
A square has sides of length 10, and a circle centered at one of its vertices has radius 10. What is the area of the union of the regions enclosed by the square and the circle? Express your answer in terms of $\pi$.
gpt
The areas of the regions enclosed by the square and the circle are $10^{2}=100$ and $\pi(10)^{2}= 100\pi$, respectively. One quarter of the second region is also included in the first, so the area of the union is \[ 100+ 100\pi -25\pi= \boxed{100+75\pi}. \]
human
The rules for a race require that all runners start at $A$, touch any part of the 1200-meter wall, and stop at $B$. What is the number of meters in the minimum distance a participant must run? Express your answer to the nearest meter. [asy] import olympiad; import geometry; size(250); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)); draw((...
gpt
Call the point where the the runner touches the wall $C$. Reflect $B$ across the wall to $B'$. Since $CB=CB'$, minimizing $AC+CB$ is equivalent to minimizing $AC+CB'$. The wall is between $A$ and $B'$, so we may choose $C$ on line segment $AB'$. This choice minimizes $AC+CB'$, because the shortest distance between ...
human
In pentagon $ABCDE$, $BC=CD=DE=2$ units, $\angle E$ is a right angle and $m \angle B = m \angle C = m \angle D = 135^\circ$. The length of segment $AE$ can be expressed in simplest radical form as $a+2\sqrt{b}$ units. What is the value of $a+b$?
gpt
We draw the pentagon as follows, and draw altitude $\overline{BG}$ from $B$ to $\overline{AE}$. Since $\angle BAG = 45^\circ$, $AG=GB$. [asy] import olympiad; draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1+1/sqrt(2),1/sqrt(2))--(1+1/sqrt(2),1+1/sqrt(2))--(-1-1/sqrt(2),1+1/sqrt(2))--cycle); draw((0,1+1/sqrt(2))--(0,0)); draw(rightanglemark((0...
human
In rectangle $ABCD$, angle $C$ is trisected by $\overline{CF}$ and $\overline{CE}$, where $E$ is on $\overline{AB}$, $F$ is on $\overline{AD}$, $BE=6$, and $AF=2$. Find the area of $ABCD$. [asy] import olympiad; import geometry; size(150); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)); dotfactor=4; real length = 2 * (6*sqrt(3) - 2), wid...
gpt
From $30^\circ$-$60^\circ$-$90^\circ$ triangle $CEB$, we have $BC=6\sqrt{3}$. Therefore, $FD=AD-AF=6\sqrt{3}-2$. In the $30^\circ$-$60^\circ$-$90^\circ$ triangle $CFD$, $CD=FD\sqrt{3}=18-2\sqrt{3}$. The area of rectangle $ABCD$ is $$(BC)(CD)=\left(6\sqrt{3}\right)\left(18-2\sqrt{3}\right)= \boxed{108\sqrt{3}-36}.$$
human
Let $A,$ $B,$ and $C$ be points on a circle of radius $18.$ If $\angle ACB = 70^\circ,$ what is the circumference of the minor arc ${AB}$? Express your answer in terms of $\pi.$
gpt
A diagram can help us get on the right track. [asy] pair pA, pB, pC, pO; pO = (0, 0); pA = pO + dir(-40); pB = pO + dir(100); pC = pO + dir(180); draw(pA--pC--pB); label("$A$", pA, SE); label("$B$", pB, N); label("$C$", pC, W); draw(circle(pO, 1)); [/asy] First of all, the circumference of the entire circle is $36\pi...
human
Triangle $ABC$ has vertices $A(0,8)$, $B(2,0)$, $C(8,0)$. A vertical line intersects $AC$ at $R$ and $\overline{BC}$ at $S$, forming triangle $RSC$. If the area of $\triangle RSC$ is 12.5, determine the positive difference of the $x$ and $y$ coordinates of point $R$.
gpt
Since $\overline{RS}$ is vertical and $S$ lies on $\overline{BC}$ which is horizontal, $\triangle RSC$ has a right angle at $S$. $R$ lies on line segment $\overline{AC}$, which has slope $\frac{0-8}{8-0}=-1$. Since line $AC$ has a slope of $-1$, it makes an angle of $45^\circ$ with the $x$-axis, and the angle between l...
human
In trapezoid $ABCD$, the parallel sides $AB$ and $CD$ have lengths of 8 and 20 units, respectively, and the altitude is 12 units. Points $E$ and $F$ are the midpoints of sides $AD$ and $BC$, respectively. What is the area of quadrilateral $EFCD$ in square units?
gpt
Since $E$ and $F$ are midpoints of the legs of the trapezoid, quadrilateral $EFCD$ is a trapezoid with half the altitude of the original trapezoid (the altitude of trapezoid $EFCD$ is $12/2 = 6$). The length of base $CD$ is still $20$, but now we have to find the length of base $EF$. Since $EF$ connects the midpoints o...
human
In the figure, the visible gray area within the larger circle is equal to three times the area of the white circular region. What is the ratio of the radius of the small circle to the radius of the large circle? Express your answer as a common fraction. [asy]size(101); filldraw(Circle((0,0),2)^^Circle((.8,-.3),1),gray...
gpt
Let $a$ be the radius of the small circle, and let $b$ be the radius of the large circle. Then the area of the gray area is $\pi b^2 - \pi a^2,$ so \[\pi b^2 - \pi a^2 = 3 (\pi a^2).\]Then $b^2 - a^2 = 3a^2,$ which simplifies to \[b^2 = 4a^2.\]Since $a$ and $b$ are positive, $b = 2a,$ so $\frac{a}{b} = \boxed{\frac{1}...
human
Tony will paint 16 right, cylindrical columns. The top face and bottom face of each column will be covered, so those parts will not be painted. Each column is 18 feet tall and has a diameter of 10 feet. One gallon of paint will cover 350 square feet. If paint is sold only in full gallons, how many gallons of paint m...
gpt
Since each column has a radius of 5 feet and height of 18 feet, the lateral surface area of each column is $2 \pi (5) \cdot 18 = 180 \pi$ square feet. Thus, the lateral surface area of 16 columns is $180\pi\cdot16\approx9043$ square feet. Since each gallon of paint covers 350 square feet, and since $9043/350\approx25.8...
human
The midpoints of the sides of a regular hexagon $ABCDEF$ are joined to form a smaller hexagon. What fraction of the area of $ABCDEF$ is enclosed by the smaller hexagon? [asy] import olympiad; import geometry; size(150); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)); dotfactor=4; pair[] bigHexagon = new pair[6]; bigHexagon[0] = dir(0); p...
gpt
Let $R$ and $S$ be the vertices of the smaller hexagon adjacent to vertex $E$ of the larger hexagon, and let $O$ be the center of the hexagons. Then, since $\angle ROS=60^\circ$, quadrilateral $ORES$ encloses $1/6$ of the area of $ABCDEF$, $\triangle ORS$ encloses $1/6$ of the area of the smaller hexagon, and $\tri...
human
A right cylindrical oil tank is $15$ feet tall and its circular bases have diameters of $4$ feet each. When the tank is lying flat on its side (not on one of the circular ends), the oil inside is $3$ feet deep. How deep, in feet, would the oil have been if the tank had been standing upright on one of its bases? Express...
gpt
Since the oil is $3$ feet deep, we want to find the ratio of the area of the part of the circle covered with oil (part under the horizontal line of the figure below) to the entire area of the circle. [asy] draw(Circle((0,0),2)); draw((-1.732,1)--(1.732,1)); draw((0,0)--(-1.732,1)); draw((0,0)--(1.732,1)); draw((0,0)--(...
human
In the figure below, $ABCD$ is a square piece of paper 6 cm on each side. Corner $C$ is folded over so that it coincides with $E$, the midpoint of $\overline{AD}$. If $\overline{GF}$ represents the crease created by the fold such that $F$ is on $CD,$ what is the length of $\overline{FD}$? Express your answer as a commo...
gpt
Notice that after folding the paper, $\overline{CF}$ becomes $\overline{EF}$ (we are basically reflecting the segment across the crease line). If $FD=x$, then $CF=EF=6-x$. Angle $FDE$ is a right angle since $ABCD$ is a square, so $\triangle FDE$ is a right triangle. We also know the length of $\overline{ED}$ is $3$ sin...
human
A can is in the shape of a right circular cylinder. The circumference of the base of the can is 12 inches, and the height of the can is 5 inches. A spiral strip is painted on the can in such a way that it winds around the can exactly once as it reaches from the bottom of the can to the top. It reaches the top of the ca...
gpt
We look at the lateral area of the cylinder as a rectangle (imagine a peeling the label off of a soup can and laying it flat). The length of the rectangle is the circumference of the base, $12$ inches in this case, and the width of the rectangle is the height of the cylinder, $5$ inches. The spiral strip goes from one ...
human
In triangle $ABC$, altitudes $AD$, $BE$, and $CF$ intersect at the orthocenter $H$. If $\angle ABC = 49^\circ$ and $\angle ACB = 12^\circ$, then find the measure of $\angle BHC$, in degrees.
gpt
Note that triangle $ABC$ is obtuse, so $H$ lies outside triangle $ABC$. [asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, H; B = (0,0); C = (4,0); A = extension(B, B + dir(49), C, C + dir(180 - 12)); D = (A + reflect(B,C)*(A))/2; E = (B + reflect(C,A)*(B))/2; F = (C + reflect(A,B)*(C))/2; H = extension(B,E,C,F); draw(B-...
human
In the figure with circle $Q$, angle $KAT$ measures 42 degrees. What is the measure of minor arc $AK$ in degrees? [asy] import olympiad; size(150); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)); dotfactor=4; draw(unitcircle); draw(dir(84)--(-1,0)--(1,0)); dot("$A$",(-1,0),W); dot("$K$",dir(84),NNE); dot("$T$",(1,0),E); dot("$Q$",(0,0),S)...
gpt
Since $\angle A$ is inscribed in arc $KT$, the measure of arc $KT$ is $2\angle A = 84^\circ$. Since arc $AKT$ is a semicircle, arc $KA$ has measure $180 - 84 = \boxed{96}$ degrees.
human
In the figure, $PA$ is tangent to semicircle $SAR$, $PB$ is tangent to semicircle $RBT$, and $SRT$ is a straight line. If arc $AS$ is $58^\circ$ and arc $BT$ is $37^\circ$, then find $\angle APB$, in degrees. [asy] import graph; unitsize(1.5 cm); pair A, B, P, R, S, T; pair[] O; real[] r; r[1] = 1; r[2] = 0.8; S ...
gpt
Let $O_1$ be the center of semicircle $SAR$, and let $O_2$ be the center of semicircle $RBT$. [asy] import graph; unitsize(1.5 cm); pair A, B, P, R, S, T; pair[] O; real[] r; r[1] = 1; r[2] = 0.8; S = (-2*r[1],0); O[1] = (-r[1],0); R = (0,0); O[2] = (r[2],0); T = (2*r[2],0); A = O[1] + dir(180 - 58)*r[1]; B = O[2]...
human
At the MP Donut Hole Factory, Niraek, Theo, and Akshaj are coating spherical donut holes in powdered sugar. Niraek's donut holes have radius 6 mm, Theo's donut holes have radius 8 mm, and Akshaj's donut holes have radius 10 mm. All three workers coat the surface of the donut holes at the same rate and start at the sa...
gpt
The amount of powdered sugar on a given donut hole is given by the surface area of the donut hole. The surface area of a sphere with radius $r$ is $4\pi r^2$, so Niraek's donut holes each have surface area $4\pi \cdot 6^2 = 144\pi$ square millimeters. Similarly, Theo's donut holes each have surface area $4\pi \cdot 8...
human
A circle with center $O$ has radius $8$ units and circle $P$ has radius $2$ units. The circles are externally tangent to each other at point $Q$. Segment $TS$ is the common external tangent to circle $O$ and circle $P$ at points $T$ and $S$, respectively. What is the length of segment $OS$? Express your answer in s...
gpt
We create a diagram with the given information from the problem: [asy] draw(Circle((0,0),8)); draw(Circle((10,0),2)); dot((0,0));dot((10,0)); label("$O$",(0,0),SW); label("$P$",(10,0),SW); dot((8,0)); label("$Q$",(8,0),SW); label("$T$",(4.6,6.6),NE); label("$S$",(11,1.7),NE); draw((4.6,6.6)--(11,1.7)); [/asy] We dra...
human
A spherical soap bubble lands on a horizontal wet surface and forms a hemisphere of the same volume. Given the radius of the hemisphere is $3\sqrt[3]{2}$ cm, find the radius of the original bubble.
gpt
A sphere with radius $r$ has volume $\frac43\pi r^3$, so the volume of a hemisphere with radius $r$ is $\frac23\pi r^3$. Therefore if a hemisphere of radius $r$ has the same volume as a sphere of radius $R$, we get $\frac43\pi R^3=\frac23 \pi r^3$. Simplifying gives $R^3=\frac12 r^3\Rightarrow R=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{2}}r$...
human
In isosceles triangle $\triangle ABC$ we have $AB=AC=4$. The altitude from $B$ meets $\overline{AC}$ at $H$. If $AH=3(HC)$ then determine $BC$.
gpt
[asy] import olympiad; import geometry; size(100); defaultpen(linewidth(0.8)); dotfactor=4; draw((0,0)--(sqrt(8),0)--(sqrt(2),sqrt(14))--cycle); dot("$B$",(0,0),W); dot("$A$",(sqrt(2),sqrt(14)),N); dot("$C$",(sqrt(8),0),E); pair footB = foot((0,0),(sqrt(2),sqrt(14)),(sqrt(8),0)); draw((0,0)--footB); dot("$H$",(footB),E...
human
The side length of the regular hexagon is 10 cm. What is the number of square centimeters in the area of the shaded region? Express your answer in simplest radical form. [asy] size(100); pair A,B,C,D,E,F; A = dir(0); B = dir(60); C = dir(120); D = dir(180); E = dir(240); F = dir(300); fill(B--C--E--F--cycle,heavycya...
gpt
Label points $A$, $B$, $C$ as shown below, and let $H$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $B$ to $AC$. [asy] size(120); pair A,B,C,D,E,F; A = dir(0); B = dir(60); C = dir(120); D = dir(180); E = dir(240); F = dir(300); fill(B--C--E--F--cycle,heavycyan); pair H=(E+C)/2; draw(D--H); draw(E--C); label("$A$",C,NW);lab...
human
For his birthday, Bert gets a box that holds $125$ jellybeans when filled to capacity. A few weeks later, Carrie gets a larger box full of jellybeans. Her box is twice as high, twice as wide and twice as long as Bert's. Approximately, how many jellybeans did Carrie get?
gpt
Since the exact dimensions of Bert's box do not matter, assume the box is $1 \times 2 \times 3$. Its volume is 6. Carrie's box is $2 \times 4 \times 6$, so its volume is 48 or 8 times the volume of Bert's box. Carrie has approximately $8(125) = \boxed{1000}$ jellybeans. $\textbf{Note:}$ Other examples may help to se...
human
Compute $\sin 270^\circ$.
gpt
Rotating the point $(1,0)$ about the origin by $270^\circ$ counterclockwise gives us the point $(0,-1)$, so $\sin 270^\circ = \boxed{-1}$.
human
The corner of a unit cube is chopped off such that the cut runs through the three vertices adjacent to the vertex of the chosen corner. What is the height of the remaining cube when the freshly-cut face is placed on a table?
gpt
The major diagonal has a length of $\sqrt{3}$. The volume of the pyramid is $1/6$, and so its height $h$ satisfies $\frac{1}{3}\cdot h\cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(\sqrt{2})^2=1/6$ since the freshly cut face is an equilateral triangle of side length $\sqrt{2}$. Thus $h=\sqrt{3}/3$, and the answer is $\boxed{\frac{2\sqrt{...
human
A right cone has a base with a circumference of $16\pi$ inches and a height of 30 inches. The height of this cone is reduced while the circumference stays the same. The volume of the shorter cone is $192\pi$ cubic inches. What is the ratio of the shorter height to the original height? Express your answer as a common fr...
gpt
Let the cone have radius $r$ inches; we have $2\pi r = 16\pi$, so $r = 8$. Let the new height of the cone be $h$ inches. We have $192\pi = (1/3)\pi(8^2)(h)$; solving yields $h = 9$. Thus the ratio of the new height to the original height is $9/30 = \boxed{\frac{3}{10}}$.
human
An equilateral triangle has two vertices at $(0,5)$ and $(8,5)$. If the third vertex is in the first quadrant, what is the y-coordinate? Express your answer in simplest radical form. [asy] draw((-1,0)--(11,0),Arrows); draw((0,-1)--(0,12),Arrows); for(int i=0;i<11;++i) {draw((i,-0.1)--(i,0.1));} for(int j=0;j<11;++j) {d...
gpt
To begin this problem, we first notice that the side length of this equilateral triangle is $8$ (the distance between the two points given). We then consider the altitude of an equilateral triangle with side length $8$. If we draw an equilateral triangle and its altitude, we notice that the altitude splits the equilate...
human
The diagonals of rectangle $PQRS$ intersect at point $X$. If $PS = 10$ and $RS=24$, then what is $\cos \angle PXS$?
gpt
[asy] pair P,Q,R,SS,X,F; SS = (0,0); P = (0,5); R = (12,0); Q= R+P; X = Q/2; F = foot(SS,P,R); draw(F--SS--R--Q--P--SS--Q); draw(P--R); label("$P$",P,NW); label("$Q$",Q,NE); label("$R$",R,SE); label("$S$",SS,SW); label("$X$",X,S); label("$F$",F,SW); draw(rightanglemark(S,F,X,12)); [/asy] To find $\cos \angle PXS$, we ...
human
Trapezoid $ABCD$ has base $AB = 20$ units and base $CD = 30$ units. Diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $X$. If the area of trapezoid $ABCD$ is $300$ square units, what is the area of triangle $BXC$?
gpt
The formula for the area of a trapezoid is $\frac{1}{2}h\times(b_1+b_2)$, with $h$ being the height, $b_1$ being the shorter base, and $b_2$ being the longer base. We can find the height of this particular trapezoid with algebra: \begin{align*} 300&=\frac{1}{2}h\times(20+30)\\ 600&=h\times50\\ h&=12 \end{align*}Now th...
human
In triangle $ABC$, $BC = 8$. The length of median $AD$ is 5. Let $M$ be the largest possible value of $AB^2 + AC^2$, and let $m$ be the smallest possible value. Find $M - m$.
gpt
Since $AD$ is a median, $D$ is the midpoint of $BC$, so $BD = CD = 4$. Let $P$ be the projection of $A$ onto $BC$. (Without loss of generality, we may assume that $P$ lies on $BD$.) Let $x = BP$, so $PD = 4 - x$. Let $h = AP$. [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, D, P; A = (4,12); B = (0,0); C = (14,0); D = (B ...
human
What is the number of degrees in the smaller angle formed by the hour and minute hands of a clock at 8:15? Express your answer as a decimal to the nearest tenth. [asy] size(200); draw(Circle((0,0),5),linewidth(1.2)); pair[] mins; for(int i = 0; i < 60; ++i){ mins[i] = 4.5*dir(-6*i + 90); dot(mins[i]); } for(int i = 1...
gpt
At 8:00, the hour hand is in the 8 o'clock position and the minute hand is in the 12 o'clock position. The angle between the two hands is two-thirds of a full revolution, which is $\frac{2}{3}(360^\circ)=240$ degrees. Every minute, the minute hand goes $\frac{1}{60}(360^\circ)=6$ degrees and the hour hand goes $\frac...
human
$\triangle ABC\sim\triangle DBE$, $BC=20\text{ cm}.$ How many centimeters long is $DE$? Express your answer as a decimal to the nearest tenth. [asy] draw((0,0)--(20,0)--(20,12)--cycle); draw((13,0)--(13,7.8)); label("$B$",(0,0),SW); label("$E$",(13,0),S); label("$D$",(13,7.8),NW); label("$A$",(20,12),NE); label("$C$",(...
gpt
From our similarity, we have that: \begin{align*} \frac{DE}{AC} &= \frac{BE}{BC} \\ DE &= \frac{BE \cdot AC}{BC}\\ &= \frac{13\text{ cm} \cdot 12\text{ cm}}{20\text{ cm}} = \boxed{7.8}\text{ cm}. \end{align*}
human
A street has parallel curbs 40 feet apart. A crosswalk bounded by two parallel stripes crosses the street at an angle. The length of the curb between the stripes is 15 feet and each stripe is 50 feet long. Find the distance, in feet, between the stripes.
gpt
The crosswalk is in the shape of a parallelogram with base 15 feet and altitude 40 feet, so its area is $15 \times 40 = 600\; \text{ft}^2$. But viewed another way, the parallelogram has base 50 feet and altitude equal to the distance between the stripes, so this distance must be $600/50=\boxed{12}$ feet. [asy] draw((0...
human
A square is inscribed in a circle. A smaller square has one side coinciding with a side of the larger square and has two vertices on the circle, as shown. What percent of the area of the larger square is the area of the smaller square? [asy] draw(Circle((0,0),1.4142)); draw((1,1)--(1,-1)--(-1,-1)--(-1,1)--cycle); dr...
gpt
[asy] draw(Circle((0,0),1.4142)); draw((1,1)--(1,-1)--(-1,-1)--(-1,1)--cycle); draw((0.2,1)--(0.2,1.4)--(-0.2,1.4)--(-0.2,1)); label("$O$",(0,0),S); label("$A$",(0,1.4),N); label("$B$",(0.2,1.4),NE); dot((0,0)); dot((0,1.4)); dot((0.2,1.4)); draw((0,0)--(0,1.4)--(0.2,1.4)--cycle,red); [/asy] We label the points as sho...
human
A regular octagon $ABCDEFGH$ has sides of length two. Find the area of $\bigtriangleup ADG$. Express your answer in simplest radical form.
gpt
Construct the right triangle $\bigtriangleup AOB$ as shown in the figure. Since $AB=2$, we have $AO=\sqrt{2}$ and $AD=2+2\sqrt{2}$. Similarly, we have $OG=2+\sqrt{2}$, so \begin{align*} \text{Area}(\bigtriangleup ADG)&=\frac{1}{2}(2+2\sqrt{2})(2+\sqrt{2})\\&=(1+\sqrt{2})(2+\sqrt{2})=\boxed{4+3\sqrt{2}}. \end{align*} [a...
human
A certain circle's area is $x$ square units, and its circumference is $y$ units. The value of $x + y$ is $80\pi$. What is the radius of the circle, in units?
gpt
If $r$ is the radius of the circle, we know that $x = \pi r^2$ and $y = 2\pi r$. Thus, we have \begin{align*} x + y &= 80\pi\\ \pi r^2 + 2\pi r &= 80\pi\\ r(r + 2) &= 80. \end{align*} We want to find two integers whose product is 80, such that one integer is two more than the other. We note that 80 can be factored as ...
human
Shown below are rows 1, 2, and 3 of Pascal's triangle. \[ \begin{array}{ccccccc} & & 1 & & 1 & & \\ & 1 & & 2 & & 1 & \\ 1 & & 3 & & 3 & & 1 \end{array} \]Let $(a_i),$ $(b_i),$ $(c_i)$ be the sequence, from left to right, of elements in the 2005th, 2006th, and 2007th rows, respectively, with the leftmost element occur...
gpt
More generally, suppose $(a_i),$ $(b_i),$ $(c_i)$ represent the entries in rows $n - 1,$ $n,$ $n + 1$ of Pascal's triangle. Then \[a_i = \binom{n - 1}{i}, \ b_i = \binom{n}{i}, \ c_i = \binom{n + 1}{i},\]so \begin{align*} \frac{a_i}{b_i} &= \frac{\binom{n - 1}{i}}{\binom{n}{i}} \\ &= \frac{\frac{(n - 1)!}{i! (n - i - ...
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be nonzero real numbers. Find the minimum value of \[a^2 + b^2 + \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{b}{a}.\]
gpt
We complete the square with respect to the terms $b^2$ and $\frac{b}{a},$ to get \[b^2 + \frac{b}{a} = \left( b + \frac{1}{2a} \right)^2 - \frac{1}{4a^2}.\]This is minimized when $b = -\frac{1}{2a}.$ The problem now is to minimize \[a^2 + \frac{1}{a^2} - \frac{1}{4a^2} = a^2 + \frac{3}{4a^2}.\]We can assume that $a$ i...
human
The increasing sequence of positive integers $a_1,$ $a_2,$ $a_3,$ $\dots$ has the property that \[a_{n + 2} = a_{n + 1} + a_n\]for all $n \ge 1.$ If $a_7 = 120,$ then find $a_8.$
gpt
Let $a_1 = a$ and $a_2 = b.$ Then \begin{align*} a_3 &= a + b, \\ a_4 &= a + 2b, \\ a_5 &= 2a + 3b, \\ a_6 &= 3a + 5b, \\ a_7 &= 5a + 8b, \\ a_8 &= 8a + 13b. \end{align*}Hence, $5a + 8b = 120.$ Then $5a = 120 - 8b = 8(15 - b).$ Since 5 is relatively prime to 8, $a$ is divisible by 8. If $a = 8,$ then $b = 10.$ If ...
human
Find the minimum value of \[\sqrt{x^2 + (1 - x)^2} + \sqrt{(1 - x)^2 + (1 + x)^2}\]over all real numbers $x.$
gpt
In the coordinate plane, let $A = (0,1),$ $B = (1,-1),$ and $P = (x,x).$ Then \[AP = \sqrt{x^2 + (1 - x)^2}\]and \[BP = \sqrt{(x - 1)^2 + (x + 1)^2},\]so we want to minimize $AP + BP,$ subject to $P$ lying on the line $y = x.$ [asy] unitsize(2.5 cm); pair A, B, P; A = (0,1); B = (1,-1); P = (0.8,0.8); draw(A--P--B...
human
Solve \[(x^3 + 3x^2 \sqrt{2} + 6x + 2 \sqrt{2}) + (x + \sqrt{2}) = 0.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
We can write the equation as \[(x + \sqrt{2})^3 + (x + \sqrt{2}) = 0.\]Then \[(x + \sqrt{2})[(x + \sqrt{2})^2 + 1] = 0,\]so $x = -\sqrt{2}$ or $(x + \sqrt{2})^2 = -1.$ For the latter equation, \[x + \sqrt{2} = \pm i,\]so $x = -\sqrt{2} \pm i.$ Thus, the solutions are $\boxed{-\sqrt{2}, -\sqrt{2} + i, -\sqrt{2} - i}.$
human
Let $m$ be a positive integer, and let $a_0, a_1, \dots , a_m$ be a sequence of real numbers such that $a_0 = 37$, $a_1 = 72$, $a_m=0$, and $$ a_{k+1} = a_{k-1} - \frac{3}{a_k} $$for $k = 1, 2, \dots, m-1$. Find $m$.
gpt
We rewrite the given recursion as \[a_ka_{k+1} = a_{k-1}a_k - 3.\]This implies that the numbers $a_0a_1, a_1a_2, a_2a_3, \ldots$ form an arithmetic sequence with common difference $-3$. We have $a_0a_1 = 37 \cdot 72$ and $a_{m-1}a_m = 0$ (because $a_m = 0$). Since those two terms are $m-1$ terms apart, we have \[a_{m-1...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ $z$ be positive real numbers such that $xyz = 8.$ Find the minimum value of $x + 2y + 4z.$
gpt
By AM-GM, \[x + 2y + 4z \ge 3 \sqrt[3]{(x)(2y)(4z)} = 3 \sqrt[3]{8xyz} = 3 \sqrt[3]{8 \cdot 8} = 12.\]Equality occurs when $x = 2y = 4z$ and $xyz = 8.$ We can solve to get $x = 4,$ $y = 2,$ and $z = 1,$ so the minimum value is $\boxed{12}.$
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ and $t$ be real numbers such that $a + b = t.$ Find, in terms of $t,$ the minimum value of $a^2 + b^2.$
gpt
By QM-AM, \[\sqrt{\frac{a^2 + b^2}{2}} \ge \frac{a + b}{2} = \frac{t}{2}.\]Then \[\frac{a^2 + b^2}{2} \ge \frac{t^2}{4},\]so $a^2 + b^2 \ge \frac{t^2}{2}.$ Equality occurs when $a = b = \frac{t}{2},$ so the minimum value of $a^2 + b^2$ is $\boxed{\frac{t^2}{2}}.$
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers. One of the roots of \[x^3 + ax^2 - x + b = 0\]is $1 - 2i.$ Enter the ordered pair $(a,b).$
gpt
Since the coefficients of the polynomial are all real, another is the conjugate of $1 - 2i,$ namely $1 + 2i.$ Let $r$ be the third root. Then the polynomial is \[(x - 1 + 2i)(x - 1 - 2i)(x - r) = x^3 - (r + 2)x^2 + (2r + 5)x - 5r.\]Then $2r + 5 = -1,$ so $r = -3.$ Then $a = -(r + 2) = 1$ and $b = -5r = 15,$ so $(a,b...
human
Solve \[\frac{x + 6}{x^2 + 2x + 7} \ge 0.\]Enter your answer using interval notation.
gpt
Since $x^2 + 2x + 7 = (x + 1)^2 + 6 > 0$ for all $x,$ the sign of $\frac{x + 6}{x^2 + 2x + 7}$ is the same as the sign of $x + 6.$ Thus, the solution is $x \in \boxed{[-6,\infty)}.$
human
The expression \[a^3 (b^2 - c^2) + b^3 (c^2 - a^2) + c^3 (a^2 - b^2)\]can be factored into the form $(a - b)(b - c)(c - a) p(a,b,c),$ for some polynomial $p(a,b,c).$ Find $p(a,b,c).$
gpt
First, we take out a factor of $a - b$: \begin{align*} a^3 (b^2 - c^2) + b^3 (c^2 - a^2) + c^3 (a^2 - b^2) &= a^3 b^2 - a^2 b^3 + b^3 c^2 - a^3 c^2 + c^3 (a + b)(a - b) \\ &= a^2 b^2 (a - b) + (b^3 - a^3) c^2 + c^3 (a + b)(a - b) \\ &= (a - b)[a^2 b^2 - (a^2 + ab + b^2) c^2 + c^3 (a + b)] \\ &= (a - b)(a^2 b^2 - a^2 c^...
human
Find the distance between the foci of the hyperbola $x^2 - 6x - 4y^2 - 8y = 27.$
gpt
Completing the square in $x$ and $y,$ we get \[(x - 3)^2 - 4(y + 1)^2 = 32.\]Then \[\frac{(x - 3)^2}{32} - \frac{(y + 1)^2}{8} = 1.\]We see that $a^2 = 32$ and $b^2 = 8,$ so $c^2 = a^2 + b^2 = 40,$ and $c = 2 \sqrt{10}.$ Therefore, the distance between the foci is $2c = \boxed{4 \sqrt{10}}.$
human
Find all real values of $x$ that satisfy $\frac{x^2+x^3-2x^4}{x+x^2-2x^3} \ge -1.$ (Give your answer in interval notation.)
gpt
We notice that the numerator and denominator share common factors: $x^2+x^3-2x^4 = x^2(1+x-2x^2)$ and $x+x^2-2x^3=x(1+x-2x^2).$ Hence, whenever $x(1+x-2x^2) \neq 0,$ we can write \[\frac{x^2+x^3-2x^4}{x+x^2-2x^3} = \frac{x^2(1+x-2x^2)}{x(1+x-2x^2)} = x.\]It follows that the given inequality is satisfied if and only if ...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ $c$ be a three-term arithmetic series where all the terms are positive, such that $abc = 64.$ Find the smallest possible value of $b.$
gpt
By AM-GM, \[\frac{a + b + c}{3} \ge \sqrt[3]{abc} = \sqrt[3]{64} = 4.\]Since $a,$ $b,$ $c$ form an arithmetic series, $\frac{a + b + c}{3} = b,$ so $b \ge 4.$ Equality occurs when $a = b = c = 4,$ so the smallest possible value of $b$ is $\boxed{4}.$
human
Evaluate $|7-24i|$.
gpt
We have $|7-24i| = \sqrt{7^2 + (-24)^2} = \boxed{25}$.