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human
Find the minimum value of \[\frac{x^2 + 7}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}}\]over all real numbers $x.$
gpt
We can write \[\frac{x^2 + 7}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}} = \frac{x^2 + 3 + 4}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}} = \frac{x^2 + 3}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}} = \sqrt{x^2 + 3} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}}.\]By AM-GM, \[\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}} \ge 2 \sqrt{\sqrt{x^2 + 3} \cdot \frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3}}} = 4.\]Equality occ...
human
Find \[\left|\left(3 + \sqrt{7}i\right)^3\right|\]
gpt
First of all, we know that $|ab|=|a|\cdot |b|$, so \[\left|\left(3 + \sqrt{7}i\right)^3\right|=\left|3 + \sqrt{7} i\right|^3\]We also find that \[\left|3 +\sqrt{7}i\right|=\sqrt{\left(3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^2}=\sqrt{16}=4\]Therefore, our answer is $4^3=\boxed{64}$.
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ $z$ be positive real numbers. Find the set of all possible values of \[f(x,y,z) = \frac{x}{x + y} + \frac{y}{y + z} + \frac{z}{z + x}.\]
gpt
First, note that \begin{align*} f(x,y,z) &= \frac{x}{x + y} + \frac{y}{y + z} + \frac{z}{z + x} \\ &> \frac{x}{x + y + z} + \frac{y}{y + z + x} + \frac{z}{z + x + y} \\ &= \frac{x + y + z}{x + y + z} = 1. \end{align*}Let $\epsilon$ be a small positive number. Then \begin{align*} f(\epsilon^2,\epsilon,1) &= \frac{\epsi...
human
Let $m$ be the largest real solution to the equation \[\dfrac{3}{x-3} + \dfrac{5}{x-5} + \dfrac{17}{x-17} + \dfrac{19}{x-19} = x^2 - 11x - 4\]There are positive integers $a, b,$ and $c$ such that $m = a + \sqrt{b + \sqrt{c}}$. Find $a+b+c$.
gpt
Adding $4$ to both sides, we have \[\left(1+\dfrac{3}{x-3}\right) + \left(1+\dfrac{5}{x-5}\right) +\left(1+ \dfrac{17}{x-17} \right)+ \left(1+\dfrac{19}{x-19}\right) = x^2 - 11x \]or \[\frac{x}{x-3} + \frac{x}{x-5} + \frac{x}{x-17}+ \frac{x}{x-19} = x^2-11x.\]Either $x=0$, or \[\frac{1}{x-3} + \frac{1}{x-5} + \frac{1}{...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ $z$ be real numbers such that $x + 2y + z = 4.$ Find the maximum value of \[xy + xz + yz.\]
gpt
We can solve for $y,$ to get \[y = \frac{4 - x - z}{2}.\]Substituting, we get \[xy + xz + yz = \frac{-x^2 + 4x - z^2 + 4z}{2} = \frac{8 - (x - 2)^2 - (z - 2)^2}{2}.\]The maximum value is then $\boxed{4},$ which occurs when $x = 2$ and $z = 2$ (and $y = 0$).
human
Compute \[\sum_{n = 2}^\infty \frac{4n^3 - n^2 - n + 1}{n^6 - n^5 + n^4 - n^3 + n^2 - n}.\]
gpt
First, we decompose $\frac{4n^3 - n^2 - n + 1}{n^6 - n^5 + n^4 - n^3 + n^2 - n}$ into partial fractions. We factor the denominator: \begin{align*} n^6 - n^5 + n^4 - n^3 + n^2 - n &= n(n^5 - n^4 + n^3 - n^2 + n - 1) \\ &= n(n^4 (n - 1) + n^2 (n - 1) + (n - 1)) \\ &= n(n - 1)(n^4 + n^2 + 1) \\ &= n(n - 1)[(n^4 + 2n^2 + ...
human
An ellipse with equation \[\frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1\]contains the circles $(x - 1)^2 + y^2 = 1$ and $(x + 1)^2 +y^2 = 1.$ Then the smallest possible area of the ellipse can be expressed in the form $k \pi.$ Find $k.$
gpt
We can assume that the ellipse is tangent to the circle $(x - 1)^2 + y^2 = 1.$ From this equation, $y^2 = 1 - (x - 1)^2.$ Substituting into the equation of the ellipse, we get \[\frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{1 - (x - 1)^2}{b^2} = 1.\]This simplifies to \[(a^2 - b^2) x^2 - 2a^2 x + a^2 b^2 = 0.\]By symmetry, the $x$-coordin...
human
What is the equation of the oblique asymptote of the graph of $\frac{2x^2+7x+10}{2x+3}$? Enter your answer in the form $y = mx + b.$
gpt
Polynomial long division gives us \[ \begin{array}{c|ccc} \multicolumn{2}{r}{x} & +2 \\ \cline{2-4} 2x+3 & 2x^2&+7x&+10 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{2x^2} & +3x & \\ \cline{2-3} \multicolumn{2}{r}{0} & 4x & +10 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & 4x & +6 \\ \cline{3-4} \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & 0 & 4 \\ \end{array} \]Hence, we can wr...
human
Let $a,b,c,d,e,f,g$ and $h$ be distinct elements in the set \[ \{-7,-5,-3,-2,2,4,6,13\}. \]What is the minimum possible value of \[ (a+b+c+d)^{2} + (e+f+g+h)^{2}? \]
gpt
Note that the sum of the elements in the set is 8. Let $x=a+b+c+d$, so $e+f+g+h=8-x$. Then \begin{align*} (a+b+c+d)^{2} &+ (e+f+g+h)^{2} = x^{2} + (8-x)^{2}\\ &= 2x^{2} - 16x + 64 = 2(x-4)^{2} + 32 \geq 32. \end{align*}The value of 32 can be attained if and only if $x=4$. However, it may be assumed without loss of gen...
human
The expression \[(x+y+z)^{2006}+(x-y-z)^{2006}\]is simplified by expanding it and combining like terms. How many terms are in the simplified expression?
gpt
There is exactly one term in the simplified expression for every monomial of the form $x^ay^bz^c$, where $a,b$, and $c$ are non-negative integers, $a$ is even, and $a+b+c=2006$. There are 1004 even values of $a$ with $0\leq a\leq 2006$. For each such value, $b$ can assume any of the $2007-a$ integer values between 0 ...
human
There are $24$ different complex numbers $z$ such that $z^{24}=1$. For how many of these is $z^6$ a real number?
gpt
From $z^{24} = 1,$ $z^{24} - 1 = 0,$ so \[(z^{12} + 1)(z^{12} - 1) = 0.\]Then \[(z^{12} + 1)(z^6 + 1)(z^6 - 1) = 0.\]Thus, for 6 of the roots, $z^6 = -1,$ for another 6 of the roots, $z^6 = 1,$ and for the remaining 12 roots, $(z^6)^2 + 1 = 0,$ so $z^6$ is not real. Therefore, for $\boxed{12}$ of the roots, $z^6$ is r...
human
The function $f$ has the property that for each real number $x$ in its domain, $1/x$ is also in its domain and \[ f(x) + f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) = x. \]What is the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain of $f$? (a) ${\{x\mid x\ne0\}}$ (b) ${\{x\mid x<0\}}$ (c) ${\{x\mid x>0\}}$ (d) ${\{x\mid x\ne-1...
gpt
The conditions on $f$ imply that both \[ x = f(x) + f\displaystyle\left(\frac{1}{x}\displaystyle\right)\]and \[\frac{1}{x} = f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + f\displaystyle\left(\frac{1}{1/x}\displaystyle\right) = f\displaystyle\left(\frac{1}{x}\displaystyle\right) + f(x). \]Thus if $x$ is in the domain of $f$, then $x = 1/...
human
Let $S$ be the set of all nonzero real numbers. Let $f : S \to S$ be a function such that \[f(x) + f(y) = f(xyf(x + y))\]for all $x,$ $y \in S$ such that $x + y \neq 0.$ Let $n$ be the number of possible values of $f(4),$ and let $s$ be the sum of all possible values of $f(4).$ Find $n \times s.$
gpt
Fix $s \in S.$ Setting $y = s - x,$ we get \[f(x) + f(s - x) = f(x(s - x)f(s)). \quad (*)\]This holds for all $x \in S,$ $x \neq s.$ Consider the equation \[s - x = x(s - x) f(s).\]The solutions in $x$ are $x = s$ and $x = \frac{1}{f(s)}.$ Since $x \in S,$ $f(s)$ is well-defined. Furthermore, $f(s) \neq 0,$ so $\fr...
human
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be complex numbers such that $|\beta| = 1$ and $\overline{\alpha} \beta \neq 1.$ Find the maximum value of \[\left| \frac{\beta - \alpha}{1 - \overline{\alpha} \beta} \right|.\]
gpt
Since $|\beta| = 1,$ $|\overline{\beta}| = 1,$ so \begin{align*} \left| \frac{\beta - \alpha}{1 - \overline{\alpha} \beta} \right| &= \frac{1}{|\overline{\beta}|} \cdot \left| \frac{\beta - \alpha}{1 - \overline{\alpha} \beta} \right| \\ &= \left| \frac{\beta - \alpha}{\overline{\beta} - \overline{\alpha} \beta \overli...
human
The graph of the equation \[ x^2 + 4y^2 - 10x + 56y = k\]is a non-degenerate ellipse if and only if $k > a.$ What is $a?$
gpt
To try and write the given equation in standard form, we complete the square in each variable: \[\begin{aligned} (x^2-10x) + 4(y^2+14y) &= k \\ (x^2-10x+25) + 4(y^2+14y+49) &= k + 25 + 4(49) = k + 221 \\ (x-5)^2 + 4(y+7)^2 &= k + 221. \end{aligned}\]We see that if $k + 221 > 0,$ then we can divide both sides by $k + 22...
human
What is the value of the sum $-1 + 2 - 3 + 4 - 5 + 6 - 7 +\dots+ 10,\!000$?
gpt
Each pair of adjacent terms sums to 1 and there are $10,\!000$ terms, so the sum is $10,\!000/2=\boxed{5000}$.
human
Find all real $x$ such that \[\left\lfloor x \lfloor x \rfloor\right \rfloor = 29.\]
gpt
We have \[29 \le x \lfloor x \rfloor < 30.\]First, suppose that $x \ge 0.$ Then we have $x \lfloor x \rfloor \ge \lfloor x \rfloor^2,$ so $\lfloor x \rfloor^2 < 30,$ and $\lfloor x \rfloor \le 5.$ Also, $x\lfloor x \rfloor \le x^2,$ so $29 \le x^2,$ which means that $\lfloor x \rfloor \ge 5.$ Thus, $\lfloor x \rfloor =...
human
Let $f(x)$ be an odd function. Is $f(f(f(x)))$ even, odd, or neither? Enter "odd", "even", or "neither".
gpt
We have that \[f(f(f(-x))) = f(f(-f(x)) = f(-f(f(x))) = -f(f(f(x))),\]so $f(f(f(x)))$ is an $\boxed{\text{odd}}$ function.
human
For which integer $a$ does $x^2 - x + a$ divide $x^{13} + x + 90$?
gpt
We have that \[(x^2 - x + a) p(x) = x^{13} + x + 90\]for some polynomial $p(x)$ with integer coefficients. Setting $x = 0,$ we get $ap(0) = 90.$ This means $a$ divides 90. Setting $x = 1,$ we get $ap(1) = 92.$ This means $a$ divides 92. Since $a$ divides both 90 and 92, it must divide $92 - 90 = 2.$ Hence, $a$ mu...
human
Compute \[\sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{2n - 1}{n(n + 1)(n + 2)}.\]
gpt
First, we split $\frac{2n - 1}{n(n + 1)(n + 2)}$ into partial fractions by writing \[\frac{2n - 1}{n(n + 1)(n + 2)} = \frac{A}{n} + \frac{B}{n + 1} + \frac{C}{n + 2}.\]Then $2n - 1 = A(n + 1)(n + 2) + Bn(n + 2) + Cn(n + 1).$ Setting $n = 0,$ we get $-1 = 2A,$ so $A = -\frac{1}{2}.$ Setting $n = -1,$ we get $-3 = -B,$...
human
Compute \[\sum_{k=2}^{63} \log_2\left(1 + \frac{1}{k}\right) \log_k 2 \log_{k+1} 2.\]
gpt
We can rewrite the summand as \[\begin{aligned} \log_2\left(1+\frac1k\right) \log_k2 \log_{k+1}2 &= \frac{ \log_2\left(\frac{k+1}{k}\right)}{\log_2 k \log_2 (k+1)} \\ &= \frac{\log_2(k+1) - \log_2 k}{\log_2 k \log_2 (k+1)} \\ &= \frac{1}{\log_2 k} - \frac{1}{\log_2 (k+1)}. \end{aligned}\]Therefore, the sum telescopes: ...
human
The parabola $y^2 = 8x$ and the circle $x^2 + y^2 - 2x - 4y = 0$ intersect at two points $A$ and $B.$ Find the distance $AB.$
gpt
Substituting $y^2 = 8x$ into $x^2 + y^2 - 2x - 4y = 0,$ we get \[x^2 + 6x - 4y = 0.\]Then $x^2 + 6x = 4y.$ Squaring both sides, we get \[x^4 + 12x^3 + 36x^2 = 16y^2 = 128x.\]Hence, \[x^4 + 12x^3 + 36x^2 - 128x = 0.\]We can take out a factor of $x,$ to get \[x(x^3 + 12x^2 + 36x - 128) = 0.\]We can check that $x = 2$ is...
human
Let $p(x)$ be a monic polynomial of degree 4, such that $p(1) = 17,$ $p(2) = 34,$ and $p(3) = 51.$ Find $p(0) + p(4).$
gpt
Let $f(x) = p(x) - 17x.$ Then $f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = 0.$ Also, $f(x)$ is a monic polynomial of degree 4, so \[f(x) = (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - r),\]for some real number $r.$ Then \[p(x) = f(x) + 17x = (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - r) + 17x.\]Therefore, \begin{align*} p(0) + p(4) &= (0 - 1)(0 - 2)(0 - 3)(0 - r) + 17 \cdot...
human
Let $S$ be the set of all nonzero real numbers. The function $f : S \to S$ satisfies the following two properties: (i) First, \[f \left( \frac{1}{x} \right) = xf(x)\]for all $x \in S.$ (ii) Second, \[f \left( \frac{1}{x} \right) + f \left( \frac{1}{y} \right) = 1 + f \left( \frac{1}{x + y} \right)\]for all $x \in S...
gpt
Setting $y = x$ in the second equation, we get \[2 f \left( \frac{1}{x} \right) = 1 + f \left( \frac{1}{2x} \right). \quad (1)\]Setting $x = \frac{1}{2t},$ we find \[2f(2t) = 1 + f(t) \quad (2)\]for all $t \in S.$ Then \begin{align*} x(1 + f(x)) &= 2x f(2x) \quad \text{from (2)} \\ &= f \left( \frac{1}{2x} \right) \qu...
human
The graph of $y = f(x)$ is shown below. [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); real func(real x) { real y; if (x >= -3 && x <= 0) {y = -2 - x;} if (x >= 0 && x <= 2) {y = sqrt(4 - (x - 2)^2) - 2;} if (x >= 2 && x <= 3) {y = 2*(x - 2);} return(y); } int i, n; for (i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) { draw((i,-5)--(i,5),gray(0.7)); ...
gpt
If $f(x) \ge 0,$ then $|f(x)| = f(x).$ And if $f(x) < 0,$ then $|f(x)| = -f(x).$ Thus, the graph of $y = |f(x)|$ is obtained by taking the graph of $y = f(x),$ and reflecting everything below the $x$-axis about the $x$-axis. The correct graph is $\boxed{\text{D}}.$
human
Let $z$ be a complex number that satisfies \[|z - 3i| + |z - 4| = 5.\]Find the minimum value of $|z|.$
gpt
By the Triangle Inequality, \[|z - 3i| + |z - 4| = |z - 4| + |3i - z| \ge |(z - 4) + (3i - z)| = |-4 + 3i| = 5.\]But we are told that $|z - 3i| + |z - 4| = 5.$ The only way that equality can occur is if $z$ lies on the line segment connecting 4 and $3i$ in the complex plane. [asy] unitsize(1 cm); pair Z = interp((0,...
human
Compute \[\lfloor 1 \rfloor + \lfloor 1.6 \rfloor + \lfloor 2.2 \rfloor + \lfloor 2.8 \rfloor + \dots + \lfloor 99.4 \rfloor + \lfloor 100 \rfloor,\]where the arguments of the floor functions are in arithmetic progression.
gpt
We use the fact that $\lfloor x \rfloor = x - \{x\}$ for all $x.$ Therefore, it suffices to compute the sum of the arithmetic sequence itself, \[1 + 1.6 + 2.2 + \dots + 100,\]and then subtract off the sum of the fractional parts, \[\{1\} + \{1.6\} + \{2.2\} + \dots + \{100\}.\]The common difference of the arithmetic se...
human
Two reals $a$ and $b$ are such that $a+b=7$ and $a^3+b^3=91$. Compute $ab$.
gpt
We have $91=a^3+b^3=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)=(a+b)((a+b)^2-3ab)=7\cdot (49-3ab)$, from which $ab=\boxed{12}$.
human
Let $x$ and $y$ be two positive real numbers such that $x + y = 35.$ Enter the ordered pair $(x,y)$ for which $x^5 y^2$ is maximized.
gpt
By AM-GM, \begin{align*} x + y &= \frac{x}{5} + \frac{x}{5} + \frac{x}{5} + \frac{x}{5} + \frac{x}{5} + \frac{y}{2} + \frac{y}{2} \\ &\ge 7 \sqrt[7]{\left( \frac{x}{5} \right)^5 \left( \frac{y}{2} \right)^2} \\ &= 7 \sqrt[7]{\frac{x^5 y^2}{5^5 \cdot 2^2}}. \end{align*}Since $x + y = 35,$ this gives us \[x^5 y^2 \le 5^7...
human
Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of $|x-60|+|y|=\left|\frac{x}{4}\right|.$
gpt
To work with the absolute values, we take cases on the value of $x$: For $x < 0,$ we have $(60-x) + |y| = -\frac{x}{4},$ or $|y| = \frac{3x}{4} - 60.$ But $|y|$ is always nonnegative, whereas $\frac{3x}{4}-60 < -60$ whenever $x < 0.$ So no part of the graph of the given equation has $x < 0.$ For $0 \le x < 60,$ we ha...
human
If $a,b,c>0$, find the smallest possible value of \[\left\lfloor{\frac{a+b}{c}}\right\rfloor+\left\lfloor{\frac{b+c}{a}}\right\rfloor+\left\lfloor{\frac{c+a}{b}}\right\rfloor.\](Note that $\lfloor{x}\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to $x$.)
gpt
Since $\lfloor{x}\rfloor>x-1$ for all $x$, we have that \begin{align*} \Big\lfloor{\frac{a+b}{c}}\Big\rfloor+\Big\lfloor{\frac{b+c}{a}}\Big\rfloor+\Big\lfloor{\frac{c+a}{b}}\Big\rfloor&>\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}-3\\ &=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac...
human
The expression $729x^3+8$ can be written as $(ax+b)(cx^2+dx+e)$. Find $a+b+c+d+e$.
gpt
We recognize $729x^3+8$ as a sum of cubes. We can write $729x^3+8$ as $(9x)^3+2^3$. We know the formula: $$a^3+b^3= (a+b)(a^{2}-ab+b^{2}). $$Thus, $$ (9x)^3+2^3=(9x+2)(81x^2-18x+4).$$Therefore, $a+b+c+d+e=9+2+81-18+4=\boxed{78}$.
human
Find the distance between the vertices of the hyperbola $9x^2 + 54x - y^2 + 10y + 55 = 0.$
gpt
Completing the square in $x$ and $y,$ we get \[9(x + 3)^2 - (y - 5)^2 = 1,\]which we can write as \[\frac{(x + 3)^2}{1/9} - \frac{(y - 5)^2}{1} = 1.\]Thus, $a^2 = \frac{1}{9}$ and $b^2 = 1,$ so $a = \frac{1}{3}.$ Therefore, the distance between the vertices is $2a = \boxed{\frac{2}{3}}.$
human
Find all the solutions to \[\sqrt[3]{15x - 1} + \sqrt[3]{13x + 1} = 4 \sqrt[3]{x}.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
From the given equation, \[\sqrt[3]{15x - 1} + \sqrt[3]{13x + 1} - 4 \sqrt[3]{x} = 0.\]We can also write this as \[\sqrt[3]{15x - 1} + \sqrt[3]{13x + 1} + \sqrt[3]{-64x} = 0.\]Let $a = \sqrt[3]{15x - 1},$ $b = \sqrt[3]{13x + 1},$ and $c = \sqrt[3]{-64x},$ so $a + b + c = 0.$ From the factorization \[a^3 + b^3 + c^3 - ...
human
A circle with center $C$ is tangent to the positive $x$ and $y$-axes and externally tangent to the circle centered at $(3,0)$ with radius $1$. What is the sum of all possible radii of the circle with center $C$?
gpt
Let $r$ be the radius of such a circle. Since the circle is tangent to the positive $x$-axis and positive $y$-axis, its center is $(r,r).$ This circle is also tangent to the circle centered at $(3,0)$ with radius 1, so \[(r - 3)^2 + r^2 = (r + 1)^2.\]This simplifies to $r^2 - 8r + 8 = 0.$ By the quadratic formula, t...
human
Find the minimum value of \[4x + \frac{1}{x^4}\]for $x > 0.$
gpt
By AM-GM, \[4x + \frac{1}{x^4} = x + x + x + x + \frac{1}{x^4} \ge 5 \sqrt[5]{x^4 \cdot \frac{1}{x^4}} = 5.\]Equality occurs when $x = 1,$ so the minimum value is $\boxed{5}.$
human
Determine the value of \[\frac{\frac{2016}{1} + \frac{2015}{2} + \frac{2014}{3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \dots + \frac{1}{2017}}.\]
gpt
We can write \begin{align*} \frac{2016}{1} + \frac{2015}{2} + \frac{2014}{3} + \dots + \frac{1}{2016} &= \frac{2017 - 1}{1} + \frac{2017 - 2}{2} + \frac{2017 - 3}{3} + \dots + \frac{2017 - 2016}{2016} \\ &= \frac{2017}{1} - 1 +\frac{2017}{2} - 1 + \frac{2017}{3} - 1 + \dots + \frac{2017}{2016} - 1 \\ &= \frac{2017}{1}...
human
For all positive integers $n$, let $f(n)=\log_{2002} n^2$. Find $f(11)+f(13)+f(14)$.
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} f(11) + f(13) + f(14) &= \log_{2002} 11^2 + \log_{2002} 13^2 + \log_{2002} 14^2 \\ &= \log_{2002} (11^2 \cdot 13^2 \cdot 14^2) \\ &= \log_{2002} 2002^2 \\ &= \boxed{2}. \end{align*}
human
Let $f(x)=2x+1$. Find the sum of all $x$ that satisfy the equation $f^{-1}(x)=f(x^{-1})$.
gpt
In order to find $f^{-1}$ we substitute $f^{-1}(x)$ into our expression for $f$. This gives \[f(f^{-1}(x))=2f^{-1}(x)+1.\]Since $f(f^{-1}(x))=x$, this equation is equivalent to \[x=2f^{-1}(x)+1,\]which simplifies to \[f^{-1}(x)=\frac{x-1}2.\]If we assume $x$ solves $f^{-1}(x)=f(x^{-1})$, then we get \[\frac{x-1}2=...
human
In a magic square, the sum of the three entries in any row, column, or diagonal is the same value. The figure below shows four of the entries of a magic square. Find $x$. [asy] size(2cm); for (int i=0; i<=3; ++i) draw((i,0)--(i,3)^^(0,i)--(3,i)); label("$x$",(0.5,2.5));label("$19$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$96$",(2.5,2.5));l...
gpt
Denote the remaining entries by $d, e, f, g, h,$ as shown: [asy] size(2cm); for (int i=0; i<=3; ++i) draw((i,0)--(i,3)^^(0,i)--(3,i)); label("$x$",(0.5,2.5));label("$19$",(1.5,2.5)); label("$96$",(2.5,2.5));label("$1$",(0.5,1.5)); label("$d$",(1.5,1.5));label("$e$",(2.5,1.5)); label("$f$",(0.5,0.5));label("$g$",(1.5,0....
human
What is the value of $\left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{5}\right) \dotsm \left(1-\frac{1}{50}\right)$? Express your answer as a common fraction.
gpt
After the subtractions are performed, each fraction in the pattern has a numerator that is one less than its denominator. The product then reduces quite nicely, leaving just the frst numerator and the last denominator, as follows: $\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2}{3}\times\frac{3}{4}\times \cdots\times\frac{49}{50} = \boxed{\...
human
Which of the following functions have inverses? Note that the domain of each function is also given. A. $a(x) = \sqrt{2 - x},$ $x \in (-\infty,2].$ B. $b(x) = x^3 - x,$ $x \in \mathbb{R}.$ C. $c(x) = x + \frac{1}{x},$ $x \in (0,\infty).$ D. $d(x) = 2x^2 + 4x + 7,$ $x \in [0,\infty).$ E. $e(x) = |x - 2| + |x + 3|,...
gpt
A. The function $a(x) = \sqrt{2 - x}$ is decreasing, so it has an inverse. B. Note that $b(0) = b(1) = 0,$ so the function $b(x)$ does not have an inverse. C. Note that $c \left( \frac{1}{2} \right) = c(2) = \frac{5}{2},$ so the function $c(x)$ does not have an inverse. D. The function $d(x) = 2x^2 + 4x + 7 = 2(x + ...
human
Compute the number of intersection points of the graphs of \[(x - \lfloor x \rfloor)^2 + y^2 = x - \lfloor x \rfloor\]and $y = \frac{1}{5} x.$
gpt
We can write $x - \lfloor x \rfloor = \{x\},$ so \[\{x\}^2 + y^2 = \{x\}.\]Completing the square in $\{x\},$ we get \[\left( \{x\} - \frac{1}{2} \right)^2 + y^2 = \frac{1}{4}.\]Let $n = \lfloor x \rfloor,$ so $\{x\} = x - n.$ Hence, \[\left( x - n - \frac{1}{2} \right)^2 + y^2 = \frac{1}{4}.\]Consider the case where $...
human
An ellipse in the first quadrant is tangent to both the $x$-axis and $y$-axis. One focus is at $(3,7)$ and the other focus is at $(d,7).$ Compute $d.$
gpt
Let $F_1 = (3,7)$ and $F_2 = (d,7).$ Then the center of the ellipse is $C = \left( \frac{d + 3}{2}, 7 \right),$ and the point where the ellipse is tangent to the $x$-axis is $T = \left( \frac{d + 3}{2}, 0 \right).$ [asy] unitsize(0.3 cm); path ell = shift((29/3,7))*yscale(7)*xscale(29/3)*Circle((0,0),1); pair[] F; p...
human
Let $a_1, a_2, \ldots$ be a sequence with the following properties. (i) $a_1 = 1$, and (ii) $a_{2n}=n\cdot a_n$ for any positive integer $n$. What is the value of $a_{2^{100}}$?
gpt
Note that \begin{align*} a_{2^1} &= a_2 = a_{2\cdot1} = 1\cdot a_1 = 2^0\cdot 2^0 = 2^0,\\ a_{2^2} &= a_4 = a_{2\cdot2} = 2\cdot a_2 = 2^1\cdot 2^0 = 2^1,\\ a_{2^3} &= a_8 = a_{2\cdot4} = 4\cdot a_4 = 2^2 \cdot 2^1 = 2^{1+2},\\ a_{2^4} &= a_{16} = a_{2\cdot8} = 8\cdot a_8 = 2^3\cdot 2^{1+2} = 2^{1+2+3}, \end{align*}an...
human
Find the coordinates of the center of the hyperbola \[\frac{(2y-2)^2}{5^2} - \frac{(3x-4)^2}{4^2} = 1.\]
gpt
The standard form for the equation of a vertically oriented hyperbola centered at $(h, k)$ is \[\frac{(y-k)^2}{a^2} - \frac{(x-h)^2}{b^2} = 1.\]But the given equation is not in standard form, because the terms $2y$ and $3x$ appear instead of $y$ and $x.$ So we factor out $2^2$ and $3^2$ from the two terms on the left-h...
human
Amerigo Vespucci has a map of America drawn on the complex plane. The map does not distort distances. Los Angeles corresponds to $0$ on this complex plane, and Boston corresponds to $2600i$. Meanwhile, Knoxville corresponds to the point $780+1040i$. With these city-point correspondences, how far is it from Knoxville to...
gpt
Note that $780=\frac 3{10}\cdot 2600$, and $1040=\frac{4}{10}\cdot 2600$. Thus, geometrically, the distance from Los Angeles to Knoxville forms a 3-4-5 right triangle, with hypotenuse of length $\frac{5}{10}\cdot 2600=\boxed{1300}$. Since magnitude of a number is defined to be the distance from the origin of that numbe...
human
Find all values of $x > 4$ which satisfy \[\sqrt{x - 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} + 2 = \sqrt{x + 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} - 2.\]
gpt
From the given equation, \[\sqrt{x + 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} - \sqrt{x - 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} = 4.\]Squaring both sides, we get \[x + 4 \sqrt{x - 4} - 2 \sqrt{x + 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} \sqrt{x - 4 \sqrt{x - 4}} + x - 4 \sqrt{x - 4} = 16.\]Hence, \begin{align*} 2x - 16 &= 2 \sqrt{(x + 4 \sqrt{x - 4})(x - 4 \sqrt{x - 4})} \\ &= 2 \sqrt{x^2...
human
If $x$ is a real number and $k$ is a nonnegative integer, recall that the binomial coefficient $\binom{x}{k}$ is defined by the formula \[ \binom{x}{k} = \frac{x(x - 1)(x - 2) \dots (x - k + 1)}{k!} \, . \]Compute the value of \[ \frac{\binom{1/2}{2014} \cdot 4^{2014}}{\binom{4028}{2014}} \, . \]
gpt
$$\begin{aligned} \binom{1/2}{2014} &= \frac{(1/2)(1/2-1)(1/2-2)\dotsm(1/2-2014+1)}{2014!} \\ &= \frac{(1/2)(-1/2)(-3/2)\dotsm(-4025/2)}{2014!} \\ &= \frac{(-1)(-3)\dotsm(-4025)}{(2014!)2^{2014}} \\ &= -\frac{(1)(3)\dotsm(4025)}{(2014!)2^{2014}} \cdot \frac{2\cdot4\cdot6\cdot\dots\cdot 4026}{2\cdot4\cdot6\cdot\dots\cd...
human
In the graph of $\frac{x^2+3x+2}{x^3+x^2-2x}$, let $a$ be the number of holes in the graph, $b$ be the number of vertical asympotes, $c$ be the number of horizontal asymptotes, and $d$ be the number of oblique asymptotes. Find $a+2b+3c+4d$.
gpt
We can factor the numerator and denominator to get $$\frac{x^2+3x+2}{x^3+x^2-2x} = \frac{(x+1)(x+2)}{x(x-1)(x+2)}.$$In this representation we can immediately see that there is a hole at $x=-2$, and vertical asymptotes at $x=1$ and $x=0$. There are no more holes or vertical asymptotes, so $a=1$ and $b=2$. If we cancel o...