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human
Suppose that all four of the numbers \[3 - 2\sqrt{2}, \; -3-2\sqrt{2}, \; 1+\sqrt{7}, \; 1-\sqrt{7}\]are roots of the same nonzero polynomial with rational coefficients. What is the smallest possible degree of the polynomial?
gpt
Because the polynomial has rational coefficients, the radical conjugate of each of the given roots must also be roots of the polynomial. However, $1+\sqrt{7}$ and $1-\sqrt{7}$ are each other's radical conjugates, so we only get $2$ more roots. (You might be tempted to think that $3-2\sqrt2$ and $-3-2\sqrt2$ are also a ...
human
The function $f(x)$ satisfies \[b^2 f(a) = a^2 f(b)\]for all real numbers $a$ and $b.$ If $f(2) \neq 0,$ find \[\frac{f(5) - f(1)}{f(2)}.\]
gpt
Setting $a = 5$ and $b = 2,$ we get \[4f(5) = 25f(2),\]so $\frac{f(5)}{f(2)} = \frac{25}{4}.$ Setting $a = 1$ and $b = 2,$ we get \[4f(1) = f(2),\]so $\frac{f(1)}{f(2)} = \frac{1}{4}.$ Hence, \[\frac{f(5) - f(1)}{f(2)} = \frac{25}{4} - \frac{1}{4} = \boxed{6}.\]
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be positive real numbers such that $xyz = 32.$ Find the minimum value of \[x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2 + 2z^2.\]
gpt
First, $x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2 = (x + 2y)^2.$ By AM-GM, \[x + 2y \ge 2 \sqrt{2xy},\]so $(x + 2y)^2 \ge 8xy.$ Hence, \[x^2 + 4xy + 4y^2 + 2z^2 \ge 8xy + 2z^2.\]If we apply AM-GM directly to $8xy$ and $2z^2,$ then ignoring constants, we will get the term $\sqrt{xyz^2}.$ But the condition is $xyz = 32.$ So instead, we write...
human
Find the sum of all real solutions to the equation \[\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{\frac{4}{x}} + \sqrt{x + \frac{4}{x}} = 6.\]
gpt
We want to square the equation in order to eliminate the radicals. To do so, we first move the $\sqrt{x+\frac4x}$ term to the right-hand side, giving \[\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{\frac{4}{x}} = 6 - \sqrt{x+\frac{4}{x}}.\]Now we see that squaring will produce lots of common terms on the left-hand and right-hand sides, which cance...
human
Find all real numbers $x$ which satisfy \[\frac{x-1}{x-3} \ge 2.\](Give your answer in interval notation.)
gpt
Subtracting $2$ from both sides, we get \[\frac{x-1}{x-3} - 2 \ge 0,\]or \[\frac{x-1 - 2(x-3)}{x-3} = \frac{-x+5}{x-3} \ge 0.\]Negating both sides, we have \[\frac{x-5}{x-3} \le 0.\]Letting $f(x) = \frac{x-5}{x-3},$ we make a sign table with the two factors $x-5$ and $x-3$: \begin{tabular}{c|cc|c} &$x-5$ &$x-3$ &$f(x)$...
human
Find the product of the nonreal roots of $x^4-4x^3+6x^2-4x=2005.$
gpt
We recognize part of the expansion of $(x-1)^4$ on the left-hand side. Adding $1$ to both sides, we have \[x^4-4x^3+6x^2-4x+1=2006,\]which means $(x-1)^4 = 2006.$ Therefore, \[x-1 = \sqrt[4]{2006}, i\sqrt[4]{2006}, -\sqrt[4]{2006}, -i\sqrt[4]{2006}.\]Since we want the nonreal roots, we only consider the roots \[ x = 1 ...
human
Find the area of the region described by $x \ge 0,$ $y \ge 0,$ and \[100 \{x\} \ge \lfloor x \rfloor + \lfloor y \rfloor.\]Note: For a real number $x,$ $\{x\} = x - \lfloor x \rfloor$ denotes the fractional part of $x.$ For example, $\{2.7\} = 0.7.$
gpt
Let $n = \lfloor x \rfloor,$ and let $\{x\} = (0.x_1 x_2 x_3 x_4 \dots)_{10},$ so the $x_i$ are the decimal digits. Then the given condition becomes \[\lfloor y \rfloor \le 100 \{x\} - \lfloor x \rfloor = (x_1 x_2.x_3 x_4 \dots)_{10} - n.\]Since $\lfloor y \rfloor$ is an integer, this is equivalent to \[\lfloor y \rfl...
human
Find the maximum value of $10^x - 100^x,$ over all real numbers $x.$
gpt
Let $y = 10^x.$ Then \[10^x - 100^x = y - y^2 = \frac{1}{4} - \left( y - \frac{1}{2} \right)^2.\]Thus, the maximum value is $\boxed{\frac{1}{4}},$ which occurs when $y = \frac{1}{2},$ or $x = \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{2} \right).$
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be positive real numbers such that $x + y + z = 6.$ Find the minimum value of \[\frac{x^2 + y^2}{x + y} + \frac{x^2 + z^2}{x + z} + \frac{y^2 + z^2}{y + z}.\]
gpt
By QM-AM, \[\sqrt{\frac{x^2 + y^2}{2}} \ge \frac{x + y}{2}.\]Then \[\frac{x^2 + y^2}{2} \ge \left( \frac{x + y}{2} \right)^2,\]which we can re-arrange as \[\frac{x^2 + y^2}{x + y} \ge \frac{x + y}{2}.\]Similarly, \begin{align*} \frac{x^2 + y^2}{x + y} &\ge \frac{x + y}{2}, \\ \frac{y^2 + z^2}{y + z} &\ge \frac{y + z}{...
human
Solve the inequality \[\left| \frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} \right| > 2.\]
gpt
From the given inequality, either $\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} > 2$ or $\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} < -2.$ The inequality $\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} > 2$ becomes \[\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} - 2 > 0,\]or \[\frac{1}{x - 1} > 0.\]This is satisfied when $x > 1.$ The inequality $\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} < -2$ becomes \[\frac{2x - 1}{x - 1} + 2 < 0,\...
human
Find all the solutions to \[\frac{1}{x^2 + 11x - 8} + \frac{1}{x^2 + 2x - 8} + \frac{1}{x^2 - 13x - 8} = 0.\]Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
Let $y = x^2 - 13x - 8.$ Then we can write the given equation as \[\frac{1}{y + 24x} + \frac{1}{y + 15x} + \frac{1}{y} = 0.\]Multiplying everything by $(y + 24x)(y + 15x)y,$ we get \[(y + 15x)y + y(y + 24x) + (y + 24x)(y + 15x) = 0.\]This simplifies to $360x^2 + 78xy + 3y^2 = 0,$ which factors as $3(20x + y)(6x + y) =...
human
Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that \[f(x^2 + yf(z)) = xf(x) + zf(y)\]for all real numbers $x,$ $y,$ and $z.$ Let $n$ be the number of possible values of $f(5),$ and let $s$ be the sum of all possible values of $f(5).$ Find $n \times s.$
gpt
Setting $x = y = 0,$ we get \[f(0) = zf(0)\]for all $z,$ so $f(0) = 0.$ Setting $y = 0,$ we get \[f(x^2) = xf(x)\]for all $x.$ Setting $x = 0,$ we get \[f(yf(z)) = zf(y).\]In particular, for $y = 1,$ $f(f(z)) = zf(1).$ Since $f(x^2) = xf(x),$ \[f(f(x^2)) = f(xf(x)).\]But $f(f(x^2)) = x^2 f(1)$ and $f(xf(x)) = xf(x),...
human
A circle is tangent to the lines $4x - 3y = 30$ and $4x - 3y = -10.$ The center of the circle lies on the line $2x + y = 0.$ Find the center of the circle.
gpt
Note that the lines $4x - 3y = 30$ and $4x - 3y = -10$ are parallel, so the center of the circle lies on the line which is exactly halfway between these lines, which is $4x - 3y = 10.$ [asy] unitsize(2 cm); pair A, B; A = dir(-20); B = dir(160); draw(Circle((0,0),1)); draw((A + 1.5*dir(70))--(A - 1.5*dir(70))); dra...
human
An ellipse has foci at $(9, 20)$ and $(49, 55)$ in the $xy$-plane and is tangent to the $x$-axis. What is the length of its major axis?
gpt
Denote the ellipse by $\mathcal{E}.$ Let $F_1=(9,20)$ and $F_2=(49,55)$ be its foci, and let $X$ be the point where it touches the $x$-axis. [asy] size(6cm); draw(shift(((9, 20) + (49, 55))/2)*rotate(41.186)*scale(85/2,10*11^.5)*unitcircle); draw((-20,0)--(80,0),EndArrow); draw((0,-20)--(0,85),EndArrow); dot("$F_1 (9, ...
human
A cubic polynomial $p(x)$ satisfies \[p(n) = \frac{1}{n^2}\]for $n = 1, 2, 3,$ and $4.$ Find $p(5).$
gpt
Let $q(x) = x^2 p(x) - 1.$ Then $q(x)$ is a polynomial of degree 5, and $q(n) = 0$ for $n = 1,$ 2, 3, and 4, so \[q(x) = (ax + b)(x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)\]for some constants $a$ and $b.$ We know that $q(0) = 0^2 \cdot p(0) - 1 = -1.$ But setting $x = 0$ in the equation above, we get \[q(0) = 24b,\]so $b = -\frac...
human
The graph of \[y^4 - 4x^4 = 2y^2 - 1\]is the union of the graphs of two different conic sections. Which two types of conic sections are they? (Write your answer as a list, with "C" for circle, "E" for ellipse, "H" for hyperbola, and "P" for parabola. For example, "C, H" if you think the graph consists of a circle and ...
gpt
We can rewrite the given equation as \[y^4 - 2y^2 + 1 = 4x^4.\]The left-hand side is the perfect square of a binomial: \[(y^2-1)^2 = 4x^4.\]Therefore, either $y^2-1=2x^2$ or $y^2-1=-2x^2.$ That is, either $y^2-2x^2=1$ or $y^2+2x^2=1.$ These are the equations for a hyperbola and an ellipse, respectively, so the answer i...
human
Find the value of $k$ so that the line $3x + 5y + k = 0$ is tangent to the parabola $y^2 = 24x.$
gpt
Solving for $x$ in $3x + 5y + k = 0,$ we get \[x = -\frac{5y + k}{3}.\]Substituting into $y^2 = 24x,$ we get \[y^2 = -40y - 8k,\]or $y^2 + 40y + 8k = 0.$ Since we have a tangent, this quadratic will have a double root, meaning that its discriminant will be 0. This give us $40^2 - 4(8k) = 0,$ so $k = \boxed{50}.$
human
Find the $\emph{positive}$ real number(s) $x$ such that $\frac{1}{2}\left( 3x^2-1\right) = \left( x^2-50x-10\right)\left( x^2+25x+5\right)$.
gpt
Write $a = x^2-50x-10$ and $b = x^2+25x+5$. Then the equation given becomes \[\frac{a+2b-1}{2} = ab,\]so $0=2ab-a-2b+1=(a-1)(2b-1)$. Then $a-1=x^2-50x-11=0$ or $2b-1=2x^2+50x+9=0$. The former has a positive root, $x=\boxed{25 + 2\sqrt{159}}$, while the latter does not.
human
Suppose that $a$ and $b$ are positive integers such that $(a+bi)^2 = 3+4i$. What is $a+bi$?
gpt
We have $(a+bi)^2 = a^2 + 2abi + (bi)^2 = (a^2 - b^2) + 2abi = 3 + 4i$. Equating real and imaginary parts, we get $a^2 - b^2 = 3$ and $2ab = 4$. The second equation implies $ab = 2$. Since $a$ and $b$ are positive integers and $ab=2$, we know one of them is 2 and the other is 1. Since $a^2-b^2 = 3$, we have $a=2$, $b=1...
human
The vertices of an equilateral triangle lie on the hyperbola $xy=1$, and a vertex of this hyperbola is the centroid of the triangle. What is the square of the area of the triangle?
gpt
Without loss of generality, suppose that the centroid of the triangle is at the vertex $(-1,-1)$. In an equilateral triangle, the centroid and the circumcenter coincide, so the three vertices of the triangle are among the intersection points of the hyperbola $xy = 1$ and a circle centered at $(-1,-1)$. Suppose the hy...
human
If $x$ is a number between 0 and 1, which of the following represents the smallest value? A). $x$ B). $x^2$ C). $2x$ D). $\sqrt{x}$ E). $\frac{1}{x}$ Express your answer as A, B, C, D, or E.
gpt
Since $0 < x < 1,$ \[x^2 < x < 2x,\]and $x^2 < x < \sqrt{x}$ and $x < 1 < \frac{1}{x}.$ Therefore, the smallest number is always $x^2,$ and the answer is $\boxed{\text{B}}.$
human
Let $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$ be real numbers with $|a-b|=2$, $|b-c|=3$, and $|c-d|=4$. What is the sum of all possible values of $|a-d|$?
gpt
We use the result that if $x$ and $y$ are real numbers, then the distance between them on the real number line is $|x - y|.$ First, we place $a$: [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); int i; draw((-11,0)--(11,0)); for (i = -10; i <= 10; ++i) { draw((i,-0.2)--(i,0.2)); } label("$a$", (0,-0.2), S); [/asy] We then place a labe...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ $d,$ $e,$ $f,$ $g,$ and $h$ be real numbers such that $abcd = 4$ and $efgh = 9.$ Find the minimum value of \[(ae)^2 + (bf)^2 + (cg)^2 + (dh)^2.\]
gpt
By AM-GM, \begin{align*} (ae)^2 + (bf)^2 + (cg)^2 + (dh)^2 &\ge 4 \sqrt[4]{(ae)^2 (bf)^2 (cg)^2 (dh)^2} \\ &= 4 \sqrt[4]{(abcdefgh)^2} \\ &= 24. \end{align*}Equality occurs when $(ae)^2 = (bf)^2 = (cg)^2 = (dh)^2,$ $abcd = 4,$ and $efgh = 9.$ For example, we can take $a = b = c = d = \sqrt{2}$ and $e = f = g = h = \sq...
human
Find the real roots of \[x^4 - 2x^3 - x + 2 = 0.\]
gpt
We can factor the polynomial as \begin{align*} x^4 - 2x^3 - x + 2 &= (x - 2) x^3 - (x - 2) \\ &= (x - 2)(x^3 - 1) \\ &= (x - 2)(x - 1)(x^2 + x + 1). \end{align*}The quadratic factor $x^2 + x + 1$ has no real roots, so the real roots are $\boxed{1,2}.$
human
Let $G$ be the set of polynomials of the form $$ P(z)=z^n+c_{n-1}z^{n-1}+\cdots+c_2z^2+c_1z+50, $$where $ c_1,c_2,\dots, c_{n-1} $ are integers and $P(z)$ has distinct roots of the form $a+ib$ with $a$ and $b$ integers. How many polynomials are in $G$?
gpt
Since the coefficients of the polynomial are real numbers, any nonreal roots must come in conjugate pairs. Thus, when we factor $P(z)$ over the integers, each factor is either of the form $z - c,$ where $c$ is an integer, or \[(z - a - bi)(z - a + bi) = z^2 - 2az + a^2 + b^2,\]where $a$ and $b$ are integers, and $b \n...
human
Let $a_1,$ $a_2,$ $\dots,$ $a_{12}$ be positive real numbers such that $a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{12} = 1.$ Find the minimum value of \[\frac{1}{a_1} + \frac{1}{a_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{a_{12}}.\]
gpt
By Cauchy-Schwarz, \[(a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{12}) \left( \frac{1}{a_1} + \frac{1}{a_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{a_{12}} \right) \ge (1 + 1 + \dots + 1)^2 = 12^2 = 144,\]so \[\frac{1}{a_1} + \frac{1}{a_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{a_{12}} \ge 144.\]Equality occurs when $a_i = \frac{1}{12}$ for all $i,$ so the minimum value is $\boxe...
human
Let $\alpha \neq 1$ be a complex number such that the distance from $\alpha^2$ to 1 is twice the distance from $\alpha$ to 1, while the distance from $\alpha^4$ to 1 is four times the distance from $\alpha$ to 1. Enter all possible values of $\alpha,$ separated by commas.
gpt
From the given conditions, $|\alpha^2 - 1| = 2 |\alpha - 1|$ and $|\alpha^4 - 1| = 4 |\alpha - 1|.$ From the first equation, \[|\alpha + 1||\alpha - 1| = 2 |\alpha - 1|.\]Since $\alpha \neq 1,$ $|\alpha - 1| \neq 0.$ Thus, we can safely cancel the factors of $|\alpha - 1|,$ to get \[|\alpha + 1| = 2.\]From the second...
human
For what values of $x$ is \[\frac{x-10x^2+25x^3}{8-x^3}\]nonnegative? Answer as an interval.
gpt
First we factor $x$ from the numerator, \[\frac{x(1-10x+25x^2)}{8-x^3}.\]Now we see the square of a binomial in the numerator, so our expression is equal to \[\frac{x(1-5x)^2}{8-x^3}.\]The denominator only has the single (real) root $x=2$, and we can make more sense of that by applying the difference of cubes factoriz...
human
If $1+2x+3x^2 + \dotsb=9$, find $x$.
gpt
Let $S = 1 + 2x + 3x^2 + \dotsb.$ Then \[xS = x + 2x^2 + 3x^3 + \dotsb.\]Subtracting these equations, we get \[(1 - x) S = 1 + x + x^2 + \dotsb = \frac{1}{1 - x},\]so $S = \frac{1}{(1 - x)^2}.$ Thus, we want to solve \[\frac{1}{(1 - x)^2} = 9.\]then $(1 - x)^2 = \frac{1}{9},$ so $1 - x = \pm \frac{1}{3}.$ Since $x$...
human
The parabolas $y = (x + 1)^2$ and $x + 4 = (y - 3)^2$ intersect at four points. All four points lie on a circle of radius $r.$ Find $r^2.$
gpt
Add the equations $y = (x + 1)^2$ and $x + 4 = (y - 3)^2$ to get \[x + y + 4 = (x + 1)^2 + (y - 3)^2.\](Any point that satisfies both equations must satisfy this equation as well.) Completing the square in $x$ and $y$, we get \[\left( x + \frac{1}{2} \right)^2 + \left( y - \frac{7}{2} \right)^2 = \frac{13}{2}.\]Thus, ...
human
Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that $f(1) = 1$ and \[f(x^2 - y^2) = (x - y) (f(x) + f(y))\]for all real numbers $x$ and $y.$ Let $n$ be the number of possible values of $f(2),$ and let $s$ be the sum of all possible values of $f(2).$ Find $n \times s.$
gpt
Setting $x = y,$ we get $f(0) = 0.$ Setting $x = -1$ and $y = 0,$ we get \[f(1) = -f(-1),\]so $f(-1) = -1.$ Setting $y = 1$ and $y = -1,$ we get \begin{align*} f(x^2 - 1) &= (x - 1) (f(x) + 1), \\ f(x^2 - 1) &= (x + 1) (f(x) - 1), \end{align*}respectively. Hence, $(x - 1) (f(x) + 1) = (x + 1) (f(x) - 1),$ which simp...
human
Factor \[\frac{(a^2 - b^2)^3 + (b^2 - c^2)^3 + (c^2 - a^2)^3}{(a - b)^3 + (b - c)^3 + (c - a)^3}.\]
gpt
We will use the identity \[x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - xy - xz - yz).\]Setting $x = a^2 - b^2,$ $y = b^2 - c^2,$ $z = c^2 - a^2,$ we get \[(a^2 - b^2)^3 + (b^2 - c^2)^3 + (c^2 - a^2)^3 - 3(a^2 - b^2)(b^2 - c^2)(c^2 - a^2) = 0.\]Setting $x = a - b,$ $y = b - c,$ $z = c - a,$ we get \[(a - b)^3...
human
Let $x$ and $y$ be nonzero real numbers. Let $m$ and $M$ be the minimium value and maximum value of \[\frac{|x + y|}{|x| + |y|},\]respectively. Find $M - m.$
gpt
Both $|x + y|$ and $|x| + |y|$ are nonnegative, so $\frac{|x + y|}{|x| + |y|}$ must be nonnegative. When $x = 1$ and $y = -1,$ \[\frac{|x + y|}{|x| + |y|} = \frac{0}{2} = 0,\]so this is clearly the minimum. On the other hand, by the Triangle Inequality, $|x| + |y| \ge |x + y|,$ so \[\frac{|x + y|}{|x| + |y|} \le 1.\]...
human
Find \[\left|\left(1 + \sqrt{3}i\right)^4\right|\]
gpt
First of all, we know that $|ab|=|a|\cdot |b|$, so \[\left|\left(1 + \sqrt{3}i\right)^4\right|=\left|1 + \sqrt{3} i\right|^4\]We also find that \[\left|1 +\sqrt{3}i\right|=\sqrt{\left(1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\sqrt{4}=2\]Therefore, our answer is $2^4=\boxed{16}$.
human
Let $x$, $y$, and $z$ be distinct real numbers that sum to $0$. Compute \[ \dfrac {xy+yz+zx}{x^2+y^2+z^2}. \]
gpt
We have $x+y+z=0,$ and squaring this equation gives \[(x^2+y^2+z^2) + 2(xy+yz+zx) = 0.\]Thus, $x^2+y^2+z^2=-2(xy+yz+zx).$ Since $x, y, z$ are distinct, it is not possible that $x^2+y^2+z^2=0,$ so we have \[\frac{xy+yz+zx}{x^2+y^2+z^2} = \boxed{-\frac12}.\]
human
The equations of the asymptotes of a hyperbola are $y = 2x+5$ and $y = -2x+1.$ Given that the hyperbola passes through the point $(0, 7),$ the standard form for the equation of the hyperbola is \[\frac{(y-k)^2}{a^2} - \frac{(x-h)^2}{b^2} = 1,\]where $a,$ $b$, $h,$ and $k$ are constants with $a, b > 0.$ Find $a + h.$
gpt
Solving the system $y=2x+5$ and $y=-2x+1,$ we get $(x, y) = (-1, 3).$ Therefore, the asymptotes of the hyperbola intersect at $(-1, 3),$ which must be the center of the hyperbola. Therefore, $(h, k) = (-1, 3),$ so the equation of the hyperbola is \[\frac{(y-3)^2}{a^2} - \frac{(x+1)^2}{b^2} = 1\]for some $a$ and $b.$ Th...
human
Let $p(x)$ be a monic quartic polynomial such that $p(1) = 2,$ $p(2) = 5,$ $p(3) = 10,$ and $p(4) = 17.$ Find $p(5).$
gpt
Note that $p(x)$ takes on the same values as $x^2 + 1$ for $x = 1,$ 2, 3, and 4. So, let \[q(x) = p(x) - x^2 - 1.\]Then $q(x)$ is also a monic quartic polynomial. Also, $q(1) = q(2) = q(3) = q(4) = 0,$ so \[q(x) = (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4).\]Hence, $p(x) = (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4) + x^2 + 1.$ We can set $x = ...
human
Let $x$ and $y$ be positive real numbers such that $x + y = 10.$ Find the minimum value of $\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y}.$
gpt
By AM-HM, \[\frac{x + y}{2} \ge \frac{2}{\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y}}.\]Hence, \[\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} \ge \frac{4}{x + y} = \frac{4}{10} = \frac{2}{5}.\]Equality occurs when $x = y = 5,$ so the minimum value is $\boxed{\frac{2}{5}}.$
human
Let $P= \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{3} \right) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{4} \right) \dotsm \left( 1 - \frac{1}{n} \right)$. What is the value of $P$ if $n=2007$? Express your answer as a common fraction.
gpt
Simplifying each term in $P,$ \[P=\left( \frac{1}{2} \right) \left( \frac{2}{3} \right) \left( \frac{3}{4} \right) \dotsm \left( \frac{n-1}{n} \right) . \]The denominator of each fraction cancels with the numerator of the next fraction, so $P=\frac{1}{n}.$ When $n=2007,$ $P=\boxed{\frac{1}{2007}}.$
human
The graph below shows a portion of the curve defined by the quartic polynomial $P(x)=x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx+d$. [asy] unitsize(0.8 cm); int i; real func (real x) { return(0.5*(x^4/4 - 2*x^3/3 - 3/2*x^2) + 2.7); } draw(graph(func,-4.5,4.5)); draw((-4.5,0)--(4.5,0)); draw((0,-5.5)--(0,5.5)); for (i = -4; i <= 4; ++i) { ...
gpt
We claim that the product of the non-real zeros is the smallest. (A) The value of $P(-1)$ is greater than 4. (B) Since the leading coefficient in $P(x)$ is 1, the product of the zeros of $P$ is $d = P(0),$ which is greater than 4. (D) The sum of the coefficient of $P(x)$ is $P(1),$ which is greater than 2. (E) The ...
human
Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that \[f(f(x - y)) = f(x) f(y) - f(x) + f(y) - xy\]for all $x,$ $y.$ Find the sum of all possible values of $f(1).$
gpt
Let $a = f(0)$ and $b = f(f(0))$. Setting $y = x$ in the given equation, we get \[[f(x)]^2 - x^2 = b \quad (1)\]for all $x$. In particular, for $x = 0$, $a^2 = b$. Setting $y = 0$ in the given equation, we get \[f(f(x)) = (a - 1) f(x) + a \quad (2)\]for all $x$. Substituting $f(x)$ for $x$ in equation (1), we get \...
human
If $y=\frac{12x^4+4x^3+9x^2+5x+3}{3x^4+2x^3+8x^2+3x+1}$, at what value of $y$ will there be a horizontal asymptote?
gpt
For a rational function, if the degree of the polynomial in the numerator is the same as the degree of the polynomial in the denominator, there is a horizontal asymptote at the $y$-value that equals the ratio of the leading coefficient of the numerator to the leading coefficient of the denominator. For this function th...
human
Suppose that $a$ and $b$ are positive integers such that $(a-bi)^2 = 8-6i$. What is $a-bi$?
gpt
We have $(a-bi)^2 = a^2 - 2abi + (bi)^2 = (a^2 - b^2) - 2abi = 8-6i$. Equating real and imaginary parts, we get $a^2 - b^2 = 8$ and $-2ab = -6$, or $ab = 3$. Since $a$ and $b$ are positive integers and $ab=3$, we know one of them is 3 and the other is 1. Since $a^2-b^2 = 8$, trial and error gives $a=3$, $b=1$. So $a-bi...
human
Find the four roots of \[2x^4 + x^3 - 6x^2 + x + 2 = 0.\]Enter the four roots (counting multiplicity), separated by commas.
gpt
Dividing the equation by $x^2,$ we get \[2x^2 + x - 6 + \frac{1}{x} + \frac{2}{x^2} = 0.\]Let $y = x + \frac{1}{x}.$ Then \[y^2 = x^2 + 2 + \frac{1}{x^2},\]so $x^2 + \frac{1}{x^2} = y^2 - 2.$ Thus, we can re-write the equation above as \[2(y^2 - 2) + y - 6 = 0.\]This simplifies to $2y^2 + y - 10 = 0.$ The roots are ...
human
Let $a,$ $b,$ and $c$ be distinct real numbers. Simplify the expression \[\frac{(x + a)^3}{(a - b)(a - c)} + \frac{(x + b)^3}{(b - a)(b - c)} + \frac{(x + c)^3}{(c - a)(c - b)}.\]
gpt
Let \[p(x) = \frac{(x + a)^3}{(a - b)(a - c)} + \frac{(x + b)^3}{(b - a)(b - c)} + \frac{(x + c)^3}{(c - a)(c - b)}.\]Then \begin{align*} p(-a) &= \frac{(-a + a)^3}{(a - b)(a - c)} + \frac{(-a + b)^3}{(b - a)(b - c)} + \frac{(-a + c)^3}{(c - a)(c - b)} \\ &= \frac{(b - a)^3}{(b - a)(b - c)} + \frac{(c - a)^3}{(c - a)(c...
human
Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that \[f(xf(y) + x) = xy + f(x)\]for all $x,$ $y.$ Let $n$ be the number of possible values of $f(2),$ and let $s$ be the sum of all possible values of $f(2).$ Find $n \times s.$
gpt
Setting $x = 1$ and $y = -1 - f(1),$ we get \[f(f(-1 - f(1)) + 1) = -1 - f(1) + f(1) = -1.\]Let $a = f(-1 - f(1)) + 1,$ so $f(a) = -1.$ Setting $y = a,$ we get \[f(0) = ax + f(x).\]Let $b = f(0),$ so $f(x) = -ax + b.$ Substituting into the given functional equation, we get \[-a(x(-ay + b) + x) + b = xy - ax + b.\]Thi...
human
When $p(x) = Ax^5 + Bx^3 + Cx + 4$ is divided by $x - 3,$ the remainder is 11. Find the remainder when $p(x)$ is divided by $x + 3.$
gpt
By the Remainder Theorem, $p(3) = 11,$ so \[A \cdot 3^5 + B \cdot 3^3 + C \cdot 3 + 4 = 11.\]Then $A \cdot 3^5 + B \cdot 3^3 + C \cdot 3 = 7.$ Again by the Remainder Theorem, when $p(x)$ is divided by $x + 3,$ the remainder is \begin{align*} p(-3) &= A \cdot (-3)^5 + B \cdot (-3)^3 + C \cdot (-3) + 4 \\ &= -A \cdot 3^...
human
Let $F_1 = \left( -3, 1 - \frac{\sqrt{5}}{4} \right)$ and $F_ 2= \left( -3, 1 + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{4} \right).$ Then the set of points $P$ such that \[|PF_1 - PF_2| = 1\]form a hyperbola. The equation of this hyperbola can be written as \[\frac{(y - k)^2}{a^2} - \frac{(x - h)^2}{b^2} = 1,\]where $a, b > 0.$ Find $h + k ...
gpt
The center of the hyperbola is the midpoint of $\overline{F_1 F_2},$ which is $(-3,1).$ Thus, $h = -3$ and $k = 1.$ Also, $2a = 1,$ so $a = \frac{1}{2}.$ The distance between the foci is $2c = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2},$ so $c = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{4}.$ Then $b^2 = c^2 - a^2 = \frac{5}{16} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{16},$ so $b...
human
Determine the value of \[2002 + \frac{1}{2} \left( 2001 + \frac{1}{2} \left( 2000 + \dots + \frac{1}{2} \left( 3 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \right) \right) \dotsb \right).\]
gpt
Let \begin{align*} S &= 2002 + \frac{1}{2} \left( 2001 + \frac{1}{2} \left( 2000 + \dots + \frac{1}{2} \left( 3 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \right) \right) \dotsb \right) \\ &= 2002 + \frac{2001}{2} + \frac{2000}{2^2} + \dots + \frac{3}{2^{1999}} + \frac{2}{2^{2000}}. \end{align*}Then \[2S = 2 \cdot 2002 + 2001 + \frac{2000}...
human
If $\log (xy^3)= 1$ and $\log (x^2y) = 1$, what is $\log (xy)$?
gpt
We have \[1 = \log(xy^{3}) = \log x + 3\log y \quad\text{and}\quad 1 = \log(x^{2}y) = 2\log x + \log y.\]Solving yields $\log x = \frac{2}{5}$ and $\log y = \frac{1}{5}$. Thus \[\log(xy) = \log x + \log y = \boxed{\frac{3}{5}}.\]