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human
Find the greatest root of $f(x) = 15x^4-13x^2+2$.
gpt
We notice that $f(x)$ has only even powers of $x,$ so if we let $y = x^2,$ we can write $$f(x)=15x^4-13x^2+2=15y^2-13y+2 = (3y-2)(5y-1) .$$Substituting back $x^2$ for $y$ gives us $$f(x) = (3x^2-2)(5x^2-1).$$Then the roots of $f(x)$ are the roots of $3x^2-2$ and $5x^2-1$, which are $\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, -\sqrt{\frac{2}...
human
Let $f(x) = \frac{x + 6}{x}.$ The sequence $(f_n)$ of functions is defined by $f_1 = f$ and \[f_n = f \circ f_{n - 1}\]for all $n \ge 2.$ For example, \[f_2(x) = f(f(x)) = \frac{\frac{x + 6}{x} + 6}{\frac{x + 6}{x}} = \frac{7x + 6}{x + 6}\]and \[f_3(x) = f(f_2(x)) = \frac{\frac{7x + 6}{x + 6} + 6}{\frac{7x + 6}{x + 6...
gpt
First, we solve the equation $f(x) = x.$ This becomes \[\frac{x + 6}{x} = x,\]so $x + 6 = x^2,$ or $x^2 - x - 6 = (x - 3)(x + 2) = 0.$ Thus, the solutions are $x = 3$ and $x = -2.$ Since $f(x) = x$ for $x = 3$ and $x = -2,$ $f_n(x) = x$ for $x = 3$ and $x = -2,$ for any positive integer $n.$ Furthermore, it is clea...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ $z$ be positive real numbers such that \[\left( \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} \right) + \left( \frac{y}{x} + \frac{z}{y} + \frac{x}{z} \right) = 8.\]Find the minimum value of \[\left( \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} \right) \left( \frac{y}{x} + \frac{z}{y} + \frac{x}{z} \right).\]
gpt
Let $P = \left( \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} \right) \left( \frac{y}{x} + \frac{z}{y} + \frac{x}{z} \right).$ Then \begin{align*} 2P &= \left( \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} + \frac{y}{x} + \frac{z}{y} + \frac{x}{z} \right)^2 - \left( \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} \right)^2 - \left( \frac...
human
What is the remainder when $6x^3-15x^2+21x-23$ is divided by $3x-6$?
gpt
Since $3x - 6 = 3(x - 2),$ by the Remainder Theorem, we can find the remainder by setting $x = 2.$ Thus, the remainder is \[6 \cdot 2^3 - 15 \cdot 2^2 + 21 \cdot 2 - 23 = \boxed{7}.\]
human
A function $f$ is defined for all real numbers and satisfies $f(2+x)=f(2-x)$ and $f(7+x)=f(7-x)$ for all $x.$ If $f(0) = 0,$ what is the least number of roots $f(x)=0$ must have in the interval $-1000\leq x \leq 1000$?
gpt
The first equation is equivalent to the following: if $a + b = 4$, then $f(a) = f(b)$. Similarly, the second equation is equivalent to the following: if $c + d = 14$, then $f(c) = f(d)$. Then note that for any $t$, we have \[f(t) = f(4-t) = f(t+10),\]because $t + (4-t) = 4$ and $(4-t) + (t+10) = 14$. This means that i...
human
Find the remainder when $x^4 + 1$ is divided by $x^2 - 3x + 5.$
gpt
The long division is shown below. \[ \begin{array}{c|cc ccc} \multicolumn{2}{r}{x^2} & +3x & +4 \\ \cline{2-6} x^2 - 3x + 5 & x^4 & & & & +1 \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{x^4} & -3x^3 & +5x^2 \\ \cline{2-4} \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & +3x^3 & -5x^2 & \\ \multicolumn{2}{r}{} & +3x^3 & -9x^2 & +15x \\ \cline{3-5} \multicolumn{2}{r}{...
human
Let $n$ be a positive integer. The sequence $(x_k)$ is defined by $x_0 = 0,$ $x_1 = 1,$ and \[x_{k + 2} = \frac{(n - 1) x_{k + 1} - (n - k) x_k}{k + 1}\]for $k \ge 0.$ Find $x_0 + x_1 + x_2 + \dotsb$ as a function of $n.$
gpt
The first few terms are \begin{align*} x_2 &= \frac{(n - 1) \cdot 1 - (n - k) \cdot 0}{1} = n - 1, \\ x_3 &= \frac{(n - 1)(n - 1) - (n - 1) \cdot 1}{2} = \frac{(n - 1)(n - 2)}{2}, \\ x_4 &= \frac{(n - 1) \cdot \frac{(n - 1)(n - 2)}{2} - (n - 2)(n - 1)}{3} = \frac{(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)}{6}. \end{align*}It looks like \[x...
human
The graph of $y = f(x)$ is shown below. [asy] unitsize(0.5 cm); real func(real x) { real y; if (x >= -3 && x <= 0) {y = -2 - x;} if (x >= 0 && x <= 2) {y = sqrt(4 - (x - 2)^2) - 2;} if (x >= 2 && x <= 3) {y = 2*(x - 2);} return(y); } int i, n; for (i = -5; i <= 5; ++i) { draw((i,-5)--(i,5),gray(0.7)); ...
gpt
The graph of $y = f(x) - 1$ is produced by taking the graph of $y = f(x)$ and shifting down by one unit. The correct graph is $\boxed{\text{C}}.$
human
In the coordinate plane, consider points $A = (0, 0)$, $B = (11, 0)$, and $C = (18, 0)$. Line $\ell_A$ has slope 1 and passes through $A$. Line $\ell_B$ is vertical and passes through $B$. Line $\ell_C$ has slope $-1$ and passes through $C$. The three lines $\ell_A$, $\ell_B$, and $\ell_C$ begin rotating clockwise ...
gpt
Let $X = \ell_B \cap \ell_C,$ $Y = \ell_A \cap \ell_C,$ and $Z = \ell_A \cap \ell_B.$ Here is a diagram of the initial position: [asy] unitsize(0.4 cm); pair A, B, C, X, Y, Z; A = (0,0); B = (11,0); C = (18,0); X = extension(B, B + (0,1), C, C + dir(135)); Y = extension(A, A + dir(45), C, C + dir(135)); Z = extensi...
human
Compute \[\sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n(n + 2)}.\]
gpt
By partial fractions, \[\frac{1}{n(n + 2)} = \frac{1/2}{n} - \frac{1/2}{n + 2}.\]Hence, \begin{align*} \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n(n + 2)} &= \left( \frac{1/2}{1} - \frac{1/2}{3} \right) + \left( \frac{1/2}{2} - \frac{1/2}{4} \right) + \left( \frac{1/2}{3} - \frac{1/2}{5} \right) + \left( \frac{1/2}{4} - \frac{1/2}{...
human
Let $S$ be the set of nonzero real numbers. Let $f : S \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that (i) $f(1) = 1,$ (ii) $f \left( \frac{1}{x + y} \right) = f \left( \frac{1}{x} \right) + f \left( \frac{1}{y} \right)$ for all $x,$ $y \in S$ such that $x + y \in S,$ and (iii) $(x + y) f(x + y) = xyf(x)f(y)$ for all $x,$ $y...
gpt
Setting $x = y = \frac{z}{2}$ in (ii), we get \[f \left( \frac{1}{z} \right) = 2f \left( \frac{2}{z} \right) \quad (1)\]for all $z \neq 0.$ Setting $x = y = \frac{1}{z}$ in (iii), we get \[\frac{2}{z} f \left( \frac{2}{z} \right) = \frac{1}{z^2} f \left( \frac{1}{z} \right)^2\]for all $z \neq 0.$ Hence, \[2f \left( \...
human
Let $t$ be a parameter that varies over all real numbers. Any parabola of the form \[y = 3x^2 + tx - 2t\]passes through a fixed point. Find this fixed point.
gpt
To obtain the fixed point, we want to eliminate $t$ in the equation \[y = 3x^2 + tx - 2t.\]We can do so by taking $x = 2.$ This leaves us with $y = 3 \cdot 2^2 = 12,$ so the fixed point is $\boxed{(2,12)}.$
human
Find all real solutions to $x^4+(2-x)^4=34$. Enter all the solutions, separated by commas.
gpt
Let $y = x - 1.$ Then $x = y + 1,$ and \[(y + 1)^4 + (-y + 1)^4 = 34.\]Expanding, we get $2y^4 + 12y^2 - 32 = 0.$ This factors as $2(y^2 - 2)(y^2 + 8) = 0,$ so $y = \pm \sqrt{2}.$ Thus, the solutions in $x$ are $\boxed{1 + \sqrt{2}, 1 - \sqrt{2}}.$
human
Find all values of $x$ such that \[3^x + 4^x + 5^x = 6^x.\]
gpt
Note that $x = 3$ satisfies $3^x + 4^x + 5^x = 6^x.$ We prove that this is the only solution. Dividing both sides by $6^x,$ we get \[\frac{3^x}{6^x} + \frac{4^x}{6^x} + \frac{5^x}{6^x} = 1.\]Let \[f(x) = \left( \frac{3}{6} \right)^x + \left( \frac{4}{6} \right)^x + \left( \frac{5}{6} \right)^x.\]Note that the functio...
human
Let $f_0(x)=x+|x-100|-|x+100|$, and for $n\geq 1$, let $f_n(x)=|f_{n-1}(x)|-1$. For how many values of $x$ is $f_{100}(x)=0$?
gpt
For integers $n \ge 1$ and $k \ge 0,$ if $f_{n - 1}(x) = \pm k,$ then \[f_n(x) = |f_{n - 1}(x)| - 1 = k - 1.\]This means if $f_0(x) = \pm k,$ then $f_k(x) = 0.$ Furthermore, if $f_n(x) = 0,$ then $f_{n + 1}(x) = -1,$ and $f_{n + 2}(x) = 0.$ Hence, $f_{100}(x) = 0$ if and only if $f_0(x) = 2k$ for some integer $k,$ $-...
human
There is a smallest positive real number $a$ such that there exists a positive real number $b$ such that all the roots of the polynomial $x^3-ax^2+bx-a$ are real. In fact, for this value of $a$ the value of $b$ is unique. What is the value of $b?$
gpt
Let $r,$ $s,$ $t$ be the real roots, so \[r^3 - ar^2 + br - a = 0.\]If $r$ is negative, then $r^3,$ $-ar^2,$ $br,$ and $-a$ are all negative, so \[r^3 - ar^2 + br - a < 0,\]contradiction. Also, $r \neq 0,$ so $r$ is positive. Similarly, $s$ and $t$ are positive. By Vieta's formulas, $r + s + t = a$ and $rst = a.$ B...
human
Let \[g(x) = \left\{ \begin{aligned} 3x+6 & \quad \text{ if } x < 0 \\ 2x - 13 & \quad \text{ if } x \ge 0 \end{aligned} \right.\]Find all solutions to the equation $g(x) = 3.$
gpt
Because $g$ is defined piecewise, we take cases. If $x < 0,$ then we have $3x + 6 = 3,$ which gives $x = -1.$ Since $-1 < 0,$ this is a valid solution. If $x \ge 0,$ then we have $2x - 13 = 3,$ which gives $x = 8.$ Since $8 \ge 0,$ this is a valid solution. Thus, the solutions to the equation are $x = \boxed{-1, 8}.$
human
When a polynomial $p(x)$ is divided by $x + 1,$ the remainder is 5. When $p(x)$ is divided by $x + 5,$ the remainder is $-7.$ Find the remainder when $p(x)$ is divided by $(x + 1)(x + 5).$
gpt
The remainder when $p(x)$ is divided by $(x + 1)(x + 5)$ is of the form $ax + b.$ Thus, we can let \[p(x) = (x + 1)(x + 5) q(x) + ax + b,\]where $q(x)$ is the quotient in the division. By the Remainder Theorem, $p(-1) = 5$ and $p(-5) = -7.$ Setting $x = -1$ and $x = -5$ in the equation above, we get \begin{align*} -...
human
Is \[f(x) = \frac{5^x - 1}{5^x + 1}\]an even function, odd function, or neither? Enter "odd", "even", or "neither".
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} f(-x) &= \frac{5^{-x} - 1}{5^{-x} + 1} \\ &= \frac{1 - 5^x}{1 + 5^x} \\ &= -\frac{5^x - 1}{5^x + 1} \\ &= -f(x), \end{align*}so $f(x)$ is an $\boxed{\text{odd}}$ function.
human
Find all real values of $x$ that satisfy $\frac{1}{x(x+1)}-\frac1{(x+1)(x+2)} < \frac13.$ (Give your answer in interval notation.)
gpt
Moving all the terms to the left-hand side, we have \[\frac{1}{x(x+1)}-\frac{1}{(x+1)(x+2)}-\frac13 <0.\]To solve this inequality, we find a common denominator: \[\frac{3(x+2) - 3x - x(x+1)(x+2)}{3x(x+1)(x+2)} < 0,\]which simplifies to \[\frac{6-x(x+1)(x+2)}{3x(x+1)(x+2)} < 0.\]To factor the numerator, we observe that ...
human
Let $A$, $M$, and $C$ be nonnegative integers such that $A+M+C=12$. What is the maximum value of \[A\cdot M\cdot C+A\cdot M+M\cdot C+C\cdot A?\]
gpt
Let $q$ be the given quantity, $AMC+AM+MC+CA$. Notice that \[q + (A+M+C) + 1 = (A+1)(M+1)(C+1).\]By AM-GM, \[(A + 1)(M + 1)(C + 1) \le \left[ \frac{(A + 1) + (M + 1) + (C + 1)}{3} \right]^3 = \left( \frac{A + M + C + 3}{3} \right)^3 = 125,\]so $q \le 125 - 12 - 1 = 112.$ Equality occurs when $A = M = C = 4,$ so the ma...
human
Find the maximum value of \[\frac{x + 2y + 3}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2 + 1}}\]over all real numbers $x$ and $y.$
gpt
Because we want to find the maximum value of the expression, we can assume that both $x$ and $y$ are positive; if not, then replacing $x$ and $y$ with $|x|$ and $|y|$ would strictly increase the value of the expression. By Cauchy-Schwarz, \[(1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2)(x^2 + y^2 + 1) \ge (x + 2y + 3)^2,\]or $14(x^2 + y^2 + 1) \g...
human
Let $f(x)=|2\{x\}-1|$ where $\{x\}$ denotes the fractional part of $x$. The number $n$ is the smallest positive integer such that the equation \[nf(xf(x))=x\]has at least $2012$ real solutions. What is $n$? Note: the fractional part of $x$ is a real number $y=\{x\}$ such that $0\le y<1$ and $x-y$ is an integer.
gpt
The graph of $y = f(x)$ is shown below. [asy] unitsize(1.5 cm); int i; draw((0,0)--(0,3)); draw((0,0)--(4,0)); draw((0,3)--(0.5,0)--(1,3)--(1.5,0)--(2,3)--(2.5,0)--(3,3)--(3.5,0)--(4,3)); for (i = 0; i <= 8; ++i) { draw((i/2,0.1)--(i/2,-0.1)); } label("$x$", (4,0), E); label("$y$", (0,3), N); label("$0$", (0,-0....
human
Find $\log_{10} 40 +\log_{10} 25$.
gpt
Using $\log x+\log y=\log xy,$ we get that $\log_{10} 40+\log_{10} 25=\log_{10}(40\cdot 25)=\log 1000.$ That means we want $x$ where $10^x=1000,$ which means $x=3.$ Therefore, $\log_{10} 40+\log_{10} 25=\boxed{3}.$
human
For a finite sequence $A=(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n)$ of numbers, the Cesaro sum of $A$ is defined to be \[\frac{S_1+\cdots+S_n}{n},\]where $S_k=a_1+\cdots+a_k$ and $1\leq k\leq n$. If the Cesaro sum of the 99-term sequence $(a_1,\dots,a_{99})$ is 1000, what is the Cesaro sum of the 100-term sequence $(1,a_1,\dots,a_{99})$?
gpt
Applying the definition to the sequence $(a_1, a_2, \dots, a_{99}),$ we get \[\frac{a_1 + (a_1 + a_2) + \dots + (a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{99})}{99} = 1000.\]Thus, $99a_1 + 98a_2 + \dots + 2a_{98} + a_{99} = 99000.$ Then the Cesaro sum of $(1, a_1, a_2, \dots, a_{99})$ is \begin{align*} \frac{1 + (1 + a_1) + (1 + a_1 + a...
human
Determine the value of the infinite product $(2^{1/3})(4^{1/9})(8^{1/27})(16^{1/81}) \dotsm.$ Enter your answer in the form "\sqrt[a]{b}", which stands for $\sqrt[a]{b}.$
gpt
We can write the product as \begin{align*} (2^{1/3})(4^{1/9})(8^{1/27})(16^{1/81}) \dotsm &= 2^{1/3} \cdot (2^2)^{1/9} \cdot (2^3)^{1/27} \cdot (2^4)^{1/81} \dotsm \\ &= 2^{1/3} \cdot 2^{2/3^2} \cdot 2^{3/3^3} \cdot 2^{4/3^4} \dotsm \\ &= 2^{1/3 + 2/3^2 + 3/3^3 + 4/3^4 + \dotsb}. \end{align*}Let \[S = \frac{1}{3} + \fr...
human
The function $f(x)$ satisfies \[f(x + f(x)) = 4f(x)\]for all $x,$ and $f(1) = 4.$ Find $f(21).$
gpt
Setting $x = 1,$ we get $f(1 + f(4)) = 4f(1),$ so \[f(5) = 16.\]Setting $x = 5,$ we get $f(5 + f(5)) = 4f(5),$ so \[f(21) = \boxed{64}.\]
human
The function \[f(x) = \left\{ \begin{aligned} x-2 & \quad \text{ if } x < 4 \\ \sqrt{x} & \quad \text{ if } x \ge 4 \end{aligned} \right.\]has an inverse $f^{-1}.$ Find the value of $f^{-1}(-5) + f^{-1}(-4) + \dots + f^{-1}(4) + f^{-1}(5).$
gpt
To work with the inverse $f^{-1},$ we consider the range of each component of $f(x).$ Let $g(x) = x-2$ for $x < 4,$ and let $h(x) = \sqrt{x}$ for $x \ge 4.$ For $x < 4,$ we have $x - 2 < 2,$ so the range of $g$ is the interval $(-\infty, -2).$ For $x \ge 4,$ we have $\sqrt{x} \ge 2,$ so the range of $h$ is $[2, \infty)...
human
Real numbers $a$ and $b$ are chosen with $1<a<b$ such that no triangle with positive area has side lengths $1, a,$ and $b$ or $\tfrac{1}{b}, \tfrac{1}{a},$ and $1$. What is the smallest possible value of $b$?
gpt
We are told that $1 < a < b.$ We are also told that 1, $a,$ and $b$ cannot form the sides of a triangle, so at least one of the inequalities \begin{align*} 1 + a &> b, \\ 1 + b &> a, \\ a + b &> 1 \end{align*}does not hold. We see that $1 + b > b > a$ and $a + b > a > 1,$ so the only inequality that cannot hold is $1...
human
A certain collection of numbered indexed cards includes one card with a 1 written on it, two cards with a 2, and so forth up to $n$ cards showing an $n,$ for some positive integer $n$. Determine $n,$ if the average value of a card in this collection is 2017.
gpt
The number of cards is $1 + 2 + 3 + \dots + n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2},$ and the sum of the values of all cards is \[1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + \dots + n^2 = \frac{n(n + 1)(2n + 1)}{6}.\]Therefore, the average value of a card is \[\frac{\frac{n(n + 1)(2n + 1)}{6}}{\frac{n(n + 1)}{2}} = \frac{2n + 1}{3}.\]Setting this to 2017 and so...
human
The function $f(x),$ defined for $0 \le x \le 1,$ has the following properties: (i) $f(0) = 0.$ (ii) If $0 \le x < y \le 1,$ then $f(x) \le f(y).$ (iii) $f(1 - x) = 1 - f(x)$ for all $0 \le x \le 1.$ (iv) $f \left( \frac{x}{3} \right) = \frac{f(x)}{2}$ for $0 \le x \le 1.$ Find $f \left( \frac{2}{7} \right).$
gpt
We know that $f(0) = 0,$ so from property (iii), \[f(1) = 1 - f(0) = 1.\]Then from property (iv), \[f \left( \frac{1}{3} \right) = \frac{f(1)}{2} = \frac{1}{2}.\]Then from property (iii), \[f \left( \frac{2}{3} \right) = 1 - f \left( \frac{1}{3} \right) = 1 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}.\]Property (ii) states that the fu...
human
Find all rational roots of \[4x^4 - 3x^3 - 13x^2 + 5x + 2 = 0\]Enter all the rational roots, separated by commas.
gpt
By the Rational Root Theorem, the only possible rational roots are of the form $\pm \frac{a}{b},$ where $a$ divides 2 and $b$ divides 4. Thus, the possible rational roots are \[\pm 1, \ \pm 2, \ \pm \frac{1}{2}, \ \pm \frac{1}{4}.\]Checking these values, we find that the rational roots are $\boxed{2,-\frac{1}{4}}.$
human
Let $a_1 , a_2 , \dots$ be a sequence for which $a_1=2$ , $a_2=3$, and $a_n=\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}}$ for each positive integer $n \ge 3$. What is $a_{2006}$?
gpt
We have that \begin{align*} a_3 &= \frac{a_2}{a_1} = \frac{3}{2}, \\ a_4 &= \frac{a_3}{a_2} = \frac{3/2}{3} = \frac{1}{2}, \\ a_5 &= \frac{a_4}{a_3} = \frac{1/2}{3/2} = \frac{1}{3}, \\ a_6 &= \frac{a_5}{a_4} = \frac{1/3}{1/2} = \frac{2}{3}, \\ a_7 &= \frac{a_6}{a_5} = \frac{2/3}{1/3} = 2, \\ a_8 &= \frac{a_7}{a_6} = \f...
human
For a polynomial $p(x),$ define its munificence as the maximum value of $|p(x)|$ on the interval $-1 \le x \le 1.$ For example, the munificence of the polynomial $p(x) = -x^2 + 3x - 17$ is 21, since the maximum value of $|-x^2 + 3x - 17|$ for $-1 \le x \le 1$ is 21, occurring at $x = -1.$ Find the smallest possible m...
gpt
Let $f(x) = x^2 + bx + c,$ and let $M$ be the munificence of $f(x).$ Then $|f(-1)| \le M,$ $|f(0)| \le M$ and $|f(1)| \le M.$ These lead to \begin{align*} |1 - b + c| &\le M, \\ |c| &\le M, \\ |1 + b + c| & \le M. \end{align*}Then by Triangle Inequality, \begin{align*} 4M &= |1 - b + c| + 2|c| + |1 + b + c| \\ &= |1 ...
human
Find the center of the hyperbola $4x^2 - 24x - 25y^2 + 250y - 489 = 0.$
gpt
Completing the square in $x$ and $y,$ we get \[4(x - 3)^2 - 25(y - 5)^2 + 100 = 0.\]Then \[\frac{(y - 5)^2}{4} - \frac{(x - 3)^2}{25} = 1,\]so the center of the hyperbola is $\boxed{(3,5)}.$
human
Let $a$ and $b$ be positive real numbers such that $a + b = 1.$ Find set of all possible values of $\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}.$
gpt
By AM-HM, \[\frac{a + b}{2} \ge \frac{2}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}}.\]Hence, \[\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} \ge \frac{4}{a + b} = 4.\]Equality occurs when $a = b = \frac{1}{2}.$ Note that as $a$ approaches 0 and $b$ approaches 1, $\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}$ becomes arbitrarily large. Therefore, the set of all possible v...
human
Assume that $f$ and $g$ are functions for which $f^{-1}(g(x))=5x+3$. Find $g^{-1}(f(-7))$.
gpt
We know that $f^{-1}(u)=v$ is the same as $u=f(v)$. Therefore $f^{-1}(g(x))=5x+3$ is the same as \[g(x)=f(5x+3).\]We can also use that $g(s)=t$ is equivalent to $s=g^{-1}(t)$ to say \[x=g^{-1}(f(5x+3)).\]This gives an expression containing $g^{-1}\circ f$. Now we solve: \[g^{-1}(f(-7))=g^{-1}(f(5(-2)+3)).\]If $x=-2$...
human
The hyperbolas \[\frac{x^2}{4} - \frac{y^2}{9} = 1\]and \[\frac{y^2}{18} - \frac{x^2}{N} = 1\]have the same asymptotes. Find $N.$
gpt
In general, for the hyperbola $\frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1,$ the asymptotes are $\frac{x}{a} = \pm \frac{y}{b},$ or $y = \pm \frac{b}{a} x.$ Therefore, the asymptotes of the first hyperbola are $y = \pm \frac{3}{2} x.$ For the hyperbola $\frac{y^2}{a^2} - \frac{x^2}{b^2} = 1,$ the asymptotes are $\frac{y}{a...
human
Find the number of integers $n$ such that \[1+\left\lfloor\dfrac{100n}{101}\right\rfloor=\left\lceil\dfrac{99n}{100}\right\rceil.\]
gpt
Let \[f(n) = \left\lceil \frac{99n}{100} \right\rceil - \left\lfloor \frac{100n}{101} \right\rfloor.\]Note that \begin{align*} f(n + 10100) &= \left\lceil \frac{99 (n + 10100)}{100} \right\rceil - \left\lfloor \frac{100 (n + 10100)}{101} \right\rfloor \\ &= \left\lceil \frac{99n}{100} + 101 \right\rceil - \left\lfloor ...
human
Let $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ be nonnegative real numbers such that $x + y + z = 5.$ Find the maximum value of \[\sqrt{2x + 1} + \sqrt{2y + 1} + \sqrt{2z + 1}.\]
gpt
By QM-AM, \[\sqrt{\frac{(2x + 1) + (2y + 1) + (2z + 1)}{3}} \ge \frac{\sqrt{2x + 1} + \sqrt{2y + 1} + \sqrt{2z + 1}}{3}.\]Hence, \[\sqrt{2x + 1} + \sqrt{2y + 1} + \sqrt{2z + 1} \le \sqrt{3(2x + 2y + 2z + 3)} = \sqrt{39}.\]Equality occurs when $x = y = z = \frac{5}{3},$ so the maximum value is $\boxed{\sqrt{39}}.$
human
Find the range of the function \[k(x) = \frac{2x + 7}{x - 3}.\]
gpt
Set \[y = \frac{2x + 7}{x - 3}.\]Solving for $x,$ we find \[x = \frac{3y + 7}{y - 2}.\]Thus, for any value of $y,$ we can find a corresponding value of $x,$ except $y = 2.$ Therefore, the range of the function is $\boxed{(-\infty,2) \cup (2,\infty)}.$
human
Let $P(z) = z^8 + \left(4\sqrt{3} + 6\right)z^4 - \left(4\sqrt{3} + 7\right)$. What is the minimum perimeter among all the $8$-sided polygons in the complex plane whose vertices are precisely the zeros of $P(z)$?
gpt
First, we can factor $P(z) = z^8 + (4 \sqrt{3} + 6) z^4 - (4 \sqrt{3} + 7)$ as \[P(z) = (z^4 - 1)(z^4 + 4 \sqrt{3} + 7).\]The solutions to $z^4 - 1 = 0$ are 1, $-1,$ $i,$ and $-i$. If $z^4 + 4 \sqrt{3} + 7 = 0,$ then \[z^4 = -4 \sqrt{3} - 7 = (-1)(4 \sqrt{3} + 7),\]so $z^2 = \pm i \sqrt{4 \sqrt{3} + 7}.$ We try to si...
human
For each positive integer $p$, let $b(p)$ denote the unique positive integer $k$ such that $|k-\sqrt{p}|<\frac{1}{2}$. For example, $b(6)=2$ and $b(23)=5$. Find $S=\sum_{p=1}^{2007} b(p)$.
gpt
Given $k,$ suppose $|k - \sqrt{p}| < \frac{1}{2}.$ Then \[k - \frac{1}{2} < \sqrt{p} < k + \frac{1}{2}.\]Squaring both sides, we get \[k^2 - k + \frac{1}{4} < p < k^2 + k + \frac{1}{4}.\]Thus, given $k,$ the positive integers $p$ such that $b(p) = k$ are $k^2 - k + 1,$ $k^2 - k + 2,$ $\dots,$ $k^2 + k,$ for a total of...
human
How many positive real solutions are there to $x^{10}+7x^9+14x^8+1729x^7-1379x^6=0$?
gpt
We can factor the equation as \[x^6 (x^4 + 7x^3 + 14x^2 + 1729x - 1379) = 0.\]Since we are looking for positive real solutions, this reduces to \[x^4 + 7x^3 + 14x^2 + 1729x - 1379.\]Consider the function $f(x) = x^4 + 7x^3 + 14x^2 + 1729x - 1379.$ This is increasing for $x > 0.$ Also, $f(0) < 0$ and $f(1) > 0,$ so th...
human
Let $r$, $s$, and $t$ be solutions of the equation $x^3-5x^2+6x=9$. Compute $\frac{rs}t + \frac{st}r + \frac{tr}s$.
gpt
The cubic equation can be rewritten as $x^3-5x^2+6x-9=0$. First, we list the relations that Vieta's formulas give us: \begin{align*} -(r+s+t) &= -5,\quad(\clubsuit) \\ rs+rt+st &= 6,\phantom{-}\quad(\textcolor{red}{\diamondsuit}) \\ -rst &= -9.\,\quad(\textcolor{red}{\heartsuit}) \end{align*}We wish to compute $$\frac{...
human
Find the number of complex solutions to \[\frac{z^3 - 1}{z^2 + z - 2} = 0.\]
gpt
The numerator factors as $z^3 - 1 = (z - 1)(z^2 + z + 1) = 0.$ If $z = 1,$ then the denominator is undefined, so $z = 1$ is not a solution. On the other hand, $z^2 + z + 1 = 0$ has $\boxed{2}$ complex roots, which satisfy the given equation.
human
A function $f$ is defined recursively by $f(1)=f(2)=1$ and \[f(n)=f(n-1)-f(n-2)+n\]for all integers $n \geq 3$. What is $f(2018)$?
gpt
Let $g(n) = f(n) - n.$ Then $f(n) = g(n) + n,$ so \[g(n) + n = g(n - 1) + (n - 1) - g(n - 2) - (n - 2) + n.\]This simplifies to \[g(n) = g(n - 1) + g(n - 2) + 1.\]Also, $g(1) = 0$ and $g(2) = -1,$ so \begin{align*} g(3) &= (-1) - 0 + 1 = 0, \\ g(4) &= 0 - (-1) + 1 = 2, \\ g(5) &= 2 - 0 + 1 = 3, \\ g(6) &= 3 - 2 + 1 = ...
human
Compute $1-2+3-4+ \dots -98+99$ .
gpt
$(1-2) + (3-4) + \dots + (97-98) + 99 = -1\cdot 49 + 99 = \boxed{50}$.
human
A slant asymptote of the rational expression $y = \frac{2x^2 + 3x - 7}{x-3}$ is the line approached by the equation as $x$ approaches $\infty$ or $-\infty$. If this line is of the form $y = mx + b$, find $m+b$.
gpt
To approach this problem, we can either use long division or synthetic division to evaluate the quotient of the given rational expression. Alternatively, we can rewrite the numerator as $2x^2 + 3x - 7$ $ = 2x^2 + 3x - 7 - 9x + 9x$ $ = 2x(x-3) + 9x - 7 - 20 + 20$ $ = 2x(x-3) + 9(x-3) + 20$. Hence, $$y = \frac{2x^2 + 3x ...
human
Let $z$ be a complex number such that $|z| = 13.$ Find $z \times \overline{z}.$
gpt
In general, \[z \overline{z} = |z|^2\]for all complex numbers $z.$ So, if $|z| = 13,$ then $z \overline{z} = 13^2 = \boxed{169}.$