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human | Compute the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation \[x^{2018} +44x^{2015} + 3x^3 + 404 = 0.\] |
gpt | Let $r_1, r_2, \dots, r_{2018}$ be the roots. By Vieta's formulas, $r_1+r_2+\dots+r_{2018}=0.$ To get the squared terms we want, we square both sides, giving \[(r_1^2+r_2^2+\dots+r_{2018}^2) + 2(r_1r_2+r_1r_3+\dotsb) = 0,\]where the second term on the left-hand side is the sum of all terms $r_ir_j,$ where $i < j.$ By V... |
human | Find the number of functions $f(n),$ taking the integers to the integers, such that
\[f(a + b) + f(ab) = f(a) f(b) + 1\]for all integers $a$ and $b.$ |
gpt | Setting $a = b = 0,$ we get
\[2f(0) = f(0)^2 + 1.\]Then $f(0)^2 - 2f(0) + 1 = (f(0) - 1)^ 2 = 0,$ so $f(0) = 1.$
Setting $a = 1$ and $b = -1,$ we get
\[f(0) + f(-1) = f(1) f(-1) + 1,\]so $f(-1) (f(1) - 1) = 0.$ This means either $f(-1) = 0$ or $f(1) = 1.$
First, we look at the case where $f(1) = 1.$ Setting $b = 1,... |
human | Let $x$ be a positive real number. Find the minimum value of $4x^5 + 5x^{-4}.$ |
gpt | By AM-GM,
\begin{align*}
4x^5 + 5x^{-4} &= x^5 + x^5 + x^5 + x^5 + x^{-4} + x^{-4} + x^{-4} + x^{-4} + x^{-4} \\
&\ge 9 \sqrt[9]{(x^5)^4 \cdot (x^{-4})^5} \\
&= 9.
\end{align*}Equality occurs when $x = 1,$ so the minimum value is $\boxed{9}.$ |
human | Let $a,$ $b,$ $c$ be the roots of the cubic $x^3 + 3x^2 + 5x + 7 = 0.$ Given that $P(x)$ is a cubic polynomial such that $P(a) = b + c,$ $P(b) = a + c,$ $P(c) = a + b,$ and $P(a + b + c) = -16,$ find $P(x).$ |
gpt | By Vieta's formulas, $a + b + c = -3,$ so $P(-3) = -16.$
Let $Q(x) = P(x) + x + 3.$ Then
\begin{align*}
Q(a) &= b + c + a + 3 = 0, \\
Q(b) &= a + c + b + 3 = 0, \\
Q(c) &= a + b + c + 3 = 0, \\
Q(-3) &= P(-3) - 3 + 3 = -16.
\end{align*}Hence, $Q(x) = k(x - a)(x - b)(x - c) = k(x^3 + 3x^2 + 5x + 7)$ for some constant ... |
human | The sequences of positive integers $1,a_2, a_3, \dots$ and $1,b_2, b_3, \dots$ are an increasing arithmetic sequence and an increasing geometric sequence, respectively. Let $c_n=a_n+b_n$. There is an integer $k$ such that $c_{k-1}=100$ and $c_{k+1}=1000$. Find $c_k$. |
gpt | Let $d$ be the common difference, and let $r$ be the common ratio, so $d$ and $r$ are positive integers. Then $a_n = 1 + (n - 1) d$ and $b_n = r^{n - 1},$ so
\begin{align*}
1 + (k - 2) d + r^{k - 2} &= 100, \\
1 + kd + r^k &= 1000.
\end{align*}Then
\begin{align*}
(k - 2) d + r^{k - 2} &= 99, \\
kd + r^k &= 999.
\end{a... |
human | Find $a$ if $a$ and $b$ are integers such that $x^2 - x - 1$ is a factor of $ax^{17} + bx^{16} + 1$. |
gpt | If $x^2-x-1$ is a factor of $ax^{17}+bx^{16}+1,$ then both the roots of $x^2-x-1$ must also be roots of $ax^{17}+bx^{16}+1.$ Let $s$ and $t$ be the roots of $x^2-x-1.$ Then we must have \[as^{17} + bs^{16} + 1 = at^{17} + bt^{16} + 1 = 0.\]Since $s$ is a root of $s^2-s-1=0,$ we have $s^2=s+1.$ This equation lets us exp... |
human | The equation \[\frac{x}{x+1} + \frac{x}{x+2} = kx\]has exactly two complex roots. Find all possible complex values for $k.$
Enter all the possible values, separated by commas. |
gpt | Multiplying both sides by $(x+1)(x+2),$ we get \[x(x+2) + x(x+1) = kx(x+1)(x+2),\]or \[2x^2 + 3x = kx^3 + 3kx^2 + 2kx.\]This rearranges to the equation \[0 = kx^3 + (3k-2)x^2 + (2k-3)x,\]or \[0 = x(kx^2 + (3k-2)x + (2k-3)).\]Clearly $x = 0$ is a root of this equation. All the other roots must satisfy the equation \[0 =... |
human | Let $a$ and $b$ be positive real numbers such that $a^3 + b^3 = a + b.$ Simplify
\[\frac{a}{b} + \frac{b}{a} - \frac{1}{ab}.\] |
gpt | From the equation $a^3 + b^3 = a + b,$
\[(a + b)(a^2 - ab + b^2) = a + b.\]Since $a$ and $b$ are positive, $a + b$ is positive, so we can cancel the factors of $a + b$ to get
\[a^2 - ab + b^2 = 1.\]Then
\[\frac{a^2 + b^2 - 1}{ab} = \frac{ab}{ab} = \boxed{1}.\] |
human | Find constants $A,$ $B,$ and $C$ so that
\[\frac{x^2 - 7}{(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 5)} = \frac{A}{x - 2} + \frac{B}{x - 3} + \frac{C}{x - 5}.\]Enter the ordered triple $(A,B,C).$ |
gpt | Multiplying both sides by $(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 5),$ we get
\[x^2 - 7 = A(x - 3)(x - 5) + B(x - 2)(x - 5) + C(x - 2)(x - 3).\]Setting $x = 2,$ we get $3A = -3,$ so $A = -1.$
Setting $x = 3,$ we get $-2B = 2,$ so $B = -1.$
Setting $x = 5,$ we get $6C = 18,$ so $C = 3.$ Thus, $(A,B,C) = \boxed{(-1,-1,3)}.$ |
human | The sequence $a_1,$ $a_2,$ $a_3,$ $\dots$ satisfies $a_1 = 19,$ $a_9 = 99,$ and for all $n \ge 3,$ $a_n$ is the arithmetic mean of the first $n - 1$ terms. Find $a_2.$ |
gpt | For $n \ge 3,$ we have that
\[a_n = \frac{a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{n - 1}}{n - 1},\]or
\[(n - 1) a_n = a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{n - 1}.\]Likewise,
\[n a_{n + 1} = a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_{n - 1} + a_n.\]Subtracting these equations, we get
\[n a_{n + 1} - (n - 1) a_n = a_n,\]so $n a_{n + 1} = n a_n.$ Then $a_{n + 1} = a_n.$
... |
human | A certain ellipse is tangent to both the $x$-axis and the $y$-axis, and its foci are at $(2, -3 + \sqrt{5})$ and $(2, -3 - \sqrt{5}).$ Find the length of the major axis. |
gpt | We see that the center of the ellipse is $(2,-3),$ and that the major axis lies along the line $x = 2.$ Since the ellipse is tangent to the $x$-axis, one end-point of the major axis must be $(2,0),$ and the other end-point must be $(2,-6).$ Thus, the length of the major axis is $\boxed{6}.$
[asy]
unitsize(1 cm);
dr... |
human | Find the remainder when $x^4 + 2$ is divided by $(x - 2)^2.$ |
gpt | Dividing $x^4 + 2$ by $x - 2,$ we get
\[x^4 + 2 = (x - 2)(x^3 + 2x^2 + 4x + 8) + 18.\]Dividing $x^3 + 2x^2 + 4x + 8$ by $x - 2,$ we get
\[x^3 + 2x^2 + 4x + 8 = (x - 2)(x^2 + 4x + 12) + 32.\]Thus,
\begin{align*}
x^4 + 2 &= (x - 2)(x^3 + 2x^2 + 4x + 8) + 18 \\
&= (x - 2)((x - 2)(x^2 + 4x + 12) + 32) + 18 \\
&= (x - 2)^2 ... |
human | Solve the inequality
\[\frac{1}{x - 1} - \frac{4}{x - 2} + \frac{4}{x - 3} - \frac{1}{x - 4} < \frac{1}{30}.\] |
gpt | Subtracting $\frac{1}{30}$ from both sides, we get
\[\frac{1}{x - 1} - \frac{4}{x - 2} + \frac{4}{x - 3} - \frac{1}{x - 4} - \frac{1}{30} < 0.\]Putting everything over a common denominator, we get
\[\frac{-x^4 + 10x^3 - 5x^2 - 100x - 84}{30(x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4)} < 0,\]which factors as
\[-\frac{(x + 2)(x + 1)(x -... |
human | The function $f(x)$ satisfies
\[f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)\]for all real numbers $x$ and $y,$ and $f(4) = 5.$ Find $f(5).$ |
gpt | We can write
\begin{align*}
f(4) &= f(3) + f(1) \\
&= f(2) + f(1) + f(1) \\
&= f(1) + f(1) + f(1) + f(1),
\end{align*}so $4f(1) = 5,$ which means $f(1) =\frac{5}{4}.$ Therefore,
\[f(5) = f(1) + f(4) = 5 + \frac{5}{4} = \boxed{\frac{25}{4}}.\] |
human | Let $\omega$ be a nonreal root of $x^3 = 1.$ Compute
\[(1 - \omega + \omega^2)^4 + (1 + \omega - \omega^2)^4.\] |
gpt | We know that $\omega^3 - 1 = 0,$ which factors as $(\omega - 1)(\omega^2 + \omega + 1) = 0.$ Since $\omega$ is not real, $\omega^2 + \omega + 1 = 0.$
Then
\[(1 - \omega + \omega^2)^4 + (1 + \omega - \omega^2)^4 = (-2 \omega)^4 + (-2 \omega^2)^4 = 16 \omega^4 + 16 \omega^8.\]Since $\omega^3 = 1,$ this reduces to $16 \... |
human | The polynomial $f(x)$ satisfies $f(x + 1) - f(x) = 6x + 4.$ Find the leading coefficient of $f(x).$ |
gpt | Let $n$ be a positive integer. Setting $x = 0,$ $1,$ $2,$ $\dots,$ $n - 1,$ we get
\begin{align*}
f(1) - f(0) &= 6 \cdot 0 + 4, \\
f(2) - f(1) &= 6 \cdot 1 + 4, \\
f(3) - f(2) &= 6 \cdot 2 + 4, \\
&\dots, \\
f(n) - f(n - 1) &= 6 \cdot (n - 1) + 4.
\end{align*}Adding all the equations, we get
\[f(n) - f(0) = 6 (0 + 1 +... |
human | Let $r$ and $s$ denote the two real roots of $x^2 - x \sqrt{5} + 1 = 0.$ Then determine $r^8 + s^8.$ |
gpt | By Vieta's formulas, $r + s = \sqrt{5}$ and $rs = 1.$ Squaring the equation $r + s = \sqrt{5},$ we get
\[r^2 + 2rs + s^2 = 5,\]so $r^2 + s^2 = 5 - 2rs = 3.$ Squaring this equation, we get
\[r^4 + 2r^2 s^2 + s^4 = 9,\]so $r^4 + s^4 = 9 - 2r^2 s^2 = 9 - 2 = 7.$ Squaring once more, we get
\[r^8 + 2r^4 s^4 + s^8 = 49,\]... |
human | Compute the sum of the roots of the equation \[x\sqrt{x} - 6x + 7\sqrt{x} - 1 = 0,\]given that all of the roots are real and nonnegative. |
gpt | The given equation is not a polynomial equation, so we can't use Vieta's formulas directly. To create a related polynomial equation, we substitute $y = \sqrt{x},$ or $x = y^2,$ giving \[y^3 - 6y^2 + 7y - 1 = 0.\]For each value of $y$ which satisfies this equation, the corresponding value of $x$ which satisfies the orig... |
human | Find the sum $$\frac{2^1}{4^1 - 1} + \frac{2^2}{4^2 - 1} + \frac{2^4}{4^4 - 1} + \frac{2^8}{4^8 - 1} + \cdots.$$ |
gpt | Notice that $$\frac{2^{2^k}}{4^{2^k} - 1} = \frac{2^{2^k} + 1}{4^{2^k} - 1} - \frac{1}{4^{2^k} - 1} = \frac{1}{2^{2^k}-1} - \frac{1}{4^{2^k}-1} = \frac{1}{4^{2^{k-1}}-1} - \frac{1}{4^{2^k}-1}.$$Therefore, the sum telescopes as $$\left(\frac{1}{4^{2^{-1}}-1} - \frac{1}{4^{2^0}-1}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{4^{2^0}-1} - \fr... |
human | For a positive real number $x > 1,$ the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(x)$ is defined by
\[\zeta(x) = \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^x}.\]Compute
\[\sum_{k = 2}^\infty \{\zeta(2k - 1)\}.\]Note: For a real number $x,$ $\{x\}$ denotes the fractional part of $x.$ |
gpt | For $x \ge 2,$
\begin{align*}
\zeta(x) &= 1 + \frac{1}{2^x} + \frac{1}{3^x} + \dotsb \\
&\le 1 + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \dotsb \\
&< 1 + \frac{1}{1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2 \cdot 3} + \dotsb \\
&= 1 + \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \left( \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} \right) + \dotsb \\
&= 2,
\end{align*}so $\lflo... |
human | Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a function such that
\[f(x) f(y) - f(xy) = x + y\]for all real numbers $x$ and $y.$
Let $n$ be the number of possible values of $f(2),$ and let $s$ be the sum of all possible values of $f(2).$ Find $n \times s.$ |
gpt | Setting $x = y = 1,$ we get
\[f(1)^2 - f(1) = 2,\]so $f(1)^2 - f(1) - 2 = 0.$ This factors as $(f(1) + 1)(f(1) - 2) = 0,$ so $f(1) = -1$ or $f(1) = 2.$
Setting $y = 1,$ we get
\[f(x) f(1) - f(x) = x + 1\]for all $x.$ Then $f(x) (f(1) - 1) = x + 1.$ Since $f(1) \neq 1,$ we can write
\[f(x) = \frac{x + 1}{f(1) - 1}.\... |
human | Let $P(x) = 0$ be the polynomial equation of least possible degree, with rational coefficients, having $\sqrt[3]{7} + \sqrt[3]{49}$ as a root. Compute the product of all of the roots of $P(x) = 0.$ |
gpt | We recognize the number $\sqrt[3]{7} + \sqrt[3]{49}$ from the difference-of-cubes factorization \[7 - 1 = \left(\sqrt[3]{7} - 1\right)\left(1 + \sqrt[3]{7} + \sqrt[3]{49}\right).\]Solving for $\sqrt[3]{7} + \sqrt[3]{49},$ we get \[\sqrt[3]{7} + \sqrt[3]{49} = \frac{7-1}{\sqrt[3]{7}-1} - 1 = \frac{6}{\sqrt[3]{7}-1} - 1.... |
human | In a certain sequence the first term is $a_1=2007$ and the second term is $a_2=2008$. Furthermore, the values of the remaining terms are chosen so that $a_n+a_{n+1}+a_{n+2}=n$ for all $n\ge 1$. Determine $a_{1000}$. |
gpt | To get started, we compute the first ten terms as: \[ 2007, 2008, -4014, 2008, 2009, -4013, 2009, 2010, -4012, 2010, \ldots \]It appears that each term is 1 greater than the number three terms previous. We can demonstrate that this will always occur using the given recurrence relation. We know that $a_n+a_{n+1}+a_{n+... |
human | Let $P(x) = (x-1)(x-2)(x-3)$. For how many polynomials $Q(x)$ does there exist a polynomial $R(x)$ of degree 3 such that $P\left(Q(x)\right) = P(x)\cdot R(x)$? |
gpt | The polynomial $P(x)\cdot R(x)$ has degree 6, so $Q(x)$ must have degree 2. Therefore $Q$ is uniquely determined by the ordered triple $(Q(1), Q(2),Q(3))$. When $x = 1$, 2, or 3, we have
\[0 = P(x)\cdot R(x) = P\left(Q(x)\right).\]It follows that $(Q(1), Q(2), Q(3))$ is one of the 27 ordered triples $(i, j, k)$, where... |
human | What is the value of $\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)$? Express your answer as a common fraction. |
gpt | We have that
\[\left(\frac{2}{\cancel{3}}\right)\left(\frac{\cancel{3}}{\cancel{4}}\right)\left(\frac{\cancel{4}}{\cancel{5}}\right)\left(\frac{\cancel{5}}{6}\right)=\frac{2}{6}=\boxed{\frac{1}{3}}. \] |
human | A hyperbola is centered at the origin and opens either horizontally or vertically. It passes through the points $(-3, 4),$ $(-2, 0),$ and $(t, 2).$ Find $t^2.$ |
gpt | Because the hyperbola has center at $(0,0)$ and intersects the $x-$axis at $(-2,0)$, it must open horizontally, and $(-2,0)$ must be one of its vertices. Therefore, it has an equation of the form \[\frac{x^2}{2^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1\]for some $b>0.$ Setting $x=-3$ and $y=4,$ we get the equation \[\frac{9}{4} - \frac... |
human | Let $r$, $s$, and $t$ be the three roots of the equation $$
8x^3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0.
$$Find $(r + s)^3 + (s + t)^3 + (t + r)^3.$ |
gpt | By Vieta's formulas, the sum of the three roots is $r+s+t=0$. Thus, we can write \[(r+s)^3 + (s+t)^3 + (t+r)^3 = (-t)^3 + (-r)^3 + (-s)^3 = -(r^3+s^3+t^3).\]Since each root satisfies the given equation, we have \[8r^3 + 1001r + 2008 = 0,\]so $r^3 = -\frac{1001}{8}r - 251$. Similar equations hold for $s$ and $t$. Thus, ... |
human | The Fibonacci sequence is defined $F_1 = F_2 = 1$ and $F_n = F_{n - 1} + F_{n - 2}$ for all $n \ge 3.$
The Fibonacci numbers $F_a,$ $F_b,$ $F_c$ form an increasing arithmetic sequence. If $a + b + c = 2000,$ compute $a.$ |
gpt | We claim that if $F_a,$ $F_b,$ $F_c$ form an increasing arithmetic sequence, then $(a,b,c)$ must be of the form $(n,n + 2,n + 3)$ for some positive integer $n.$ (The only exception is $(2,3,4).$)
From $F_c - F_b = F_b - F_a,$ we get
\[F_c = F_b + (F_b - F_a) < F_b + F_{b + 1} = F_{b + 2}.\]Also, $F_c > F_b.$ Therefo... |
human | Let $x$ and $y$ be real numbers such that
\[xy - \frac{x}{y^2} - \frac{y}{x^2} = 3.\]Find the sum of all possible values of $(x - 1)(y - 1).$ |
gpt | From the given equation, $x^3 y^3 - x^3 - y^3 = 3x^2 y^2,$ or
\[x^3 y^3 - x^3 - y^3 - 3x^2 y^2 = 0.\]We have the factorization
\[a^3 + b^3 + c^3 - 3abc = (a + b + c)(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - ac - bc).\]Taking $a = xy,$ $b = -x,$ and $c = -y,$ we get
\[x^3 y^3 - x^3 - y^3 - 3x^2 y^2 = (xy - x - y)(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - a... |
human | Let $r$ be the positive real solution to $x^3 + \frac{2}{5} x - 1 = 0.$ Find the exact numerical value of
\[r^2 + 2r^5 + 3r^8 + 4r^{11} + \dotsb.\] |
gpt | Let $S = r^2 + 2r^5 + 3r^8 + 4r^{11} + \dotsb.$ Then
\[r^3 S = r^5 + 2r^8 + 3r^{11} + 4r^{13} + \dotsb.\]Subtracting this equation from $S = r^2 + 2r^5 + 3r^8 + 4r^{11} + \dotsb,$ we get
\[S (1 - r^3) = r^2 + r^5 + r^8 + r^{11} + \dotsb = \frac{r^2}{1 - r^3}.\]Hence,
\[S = \frac{r^2}{(1 - r^3)^2}.\]Since $r^3 + \frac{... |
human | Find the real root of the equation \[\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{x+2} = 10.\] |
gpt | Subtracting $\sqrt{x}$ from both sides and then squaring, we get \[x+2 = (10-\sqrt x)^2 = x - 20\sqrt x + 100.\]Therefore, $20\sqrt x = 98,$ so $\sqrt x = \frac{98}{20} = \frac{49}{10}.$ Therefore, $x = \left(\frac{49}{10}\right)^2 = \boxed{\frac{2401}{100}},$ or $x = 24.01.$ |
human | What is the remainder when $x^2+7x-5$ divides $2x^4+11x^3-42x^2-60x+47$? |
gpt | \[
\begin{array}{c|cc ccc}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{2x^2} & -3x & -11 \\
\cline{2-6}
x^2+7x-5 & 2x^4 & +11x^3 & -42x^2 & -60x & +47 \\
\multicolumn{2}{r}{-2x^4} & -14x^3 & +10x^2 \\
\cline{2-4}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{0} & -3x^3 & -32x^2 & -60x \\
\multicolumn{2}{r}{} & +3x^3 & +21x^2 & -15x \\
\cline{3-5}
\multicolumn{2}{r}{} &... |
human | Find the distance between the vertices of the hyperbola
\[\frac{x^2}{99} - \frac{y^2}{36} = 1.\] |
gpt | We read that $a^2 = 99,$ so $a = \sqrt{99} = 3 \sqrt{11}.$ Therefore, the distance between the vertices is $2a = \boxed{6 \sqrt{11}}.$ |
human | If $x = 101$ and $x^3y - 2x^2y + xy = 101000$, what is the value of $y$? |
gpt | Note that the left hand side of the second equation can be factored: $(x^2 - 2x + 1)xy = (x - 1)^2xy = 101000$. We are given that $x = 101$, so we have $(101- 1)^2(101)y = 1010000y = 101000$. It follows that $y = \boxed{\frac{1}{10}}$. |
human | The hyperbola given by the equation \[\frac{x^2}{100} - \frac{y^2}{64} = 1\]has asymptotes $y = \pm mx,$ where $m$ is positive. Find $m.$ |
gpt | To get the equation of the asymptotes, we replace the $1$ on the right-hand side with $0,$ giving the equation\[\frac{x^2}{100} - \frac{y^2}{64} = 0.\](Notice that there are no points $(x, y)$ which satisfy both this equation and the given equation, so as expected, the hyperbola never intersects its asymptotes.) This i... |
human | Find $s$ given that \[3 \log_2 s = \log_2 (3s).\] |
gpt | By logarithm identities, we have \[\log_2 (s^3) = \log_2 (3s).\]Thus, $s^3 = 3s$, and since $s$ must be positive, we can divide by $s$ to get $s^2 = 3.$ Thus, $s = \boxed{\sqrt{3}}.$ |
human | If $z^2 - 8z + 37 = 0$, how many possible values are there for $|z|$? |
gpt | We could use the quadratic formula, but there is a shortcut: note that if the quadratic is not a perfect square, the solutions will be of the form $p \pm \sqrt{q}$ or $p \pm i \sqrt{q}$. In the first case, if both solutions are real, there are 2 different values of $|z|$, whereas in the second case, there is only one v... |
human | Let $x$ and $y$ be positive real numbers. Find the minimum value of
\[\frac{\sqrt{(x^2 + y^2)(3x^2 + y^2)}}{xy}.\] |
gpt | By Cauchy-Schwarz,
\[(y^2 + x^2)(3x^2 + y^2) \ge (xy \sqrt{3} + xy)^2,\]so
\[\frac{\sqrt{(x^2 + y^2)(3x^2 + y^2)}}{xy} \ge 1 + \sqrt{3}.\]Equality occurs when $\frac{y^2}{3x^2} = \frac{x^2}{y^2},$ or $y = x \sqrt[4]{3},$ so the minimum value is $\boxed{1 + \sqrt{3}}.$ |
human | If $a,$ $b,$ $c,$ $x,$ $y,$ and $z$ are positive and $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 25,$ $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 36,$ and $ax + by + cz = 30,$ compute
\[\frac{a + b + c}{x + y + z}.\] |
gpt | By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality,
\[(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) \ge (ax + by + cz)^2.\]This becomes $25 \cdot 36 \ge 30^2.$ Since $25 \cdot 36 = 900 = 30^2,$ we get equality.
From the equality condition in Cauchy-Schwarz,
\[\frac{a}{x} = \frac{b}{y} = \frac{c}{z}.\]Let
\[k = \frac{a}{x} = \frac{b}{y} = \frac{c... |
human | If $x^2 + 2x + 5$ is a factor of $x^4 + Px^2 + Q,$ find $P + Q.$ |
gpt | We have that
\[(x^2 + 2x + 5)(x^2 + bx + c) = x^4 + Px^2 + Q.\]for some coefficients $b$ and $c.$ Expanding, we get
\[x^4 + (b + 2) x^3 + (2b + c + 5) x^2 + (5b + 2c) x + 5c = x^4 + Px^2 + Q.\]Matching coefficients, we get
\begin{align*}
b + 2 &= 0, \\
2b + c + 5 &= P, \\
5b + 2c &= 0, \\
5c &= Q.
\end{align*}Solving ... |
human | Compute the product of the roots of the equation \[x^3 - 12x^2 + 48x + 28 = 0.\] |
gpt | By Vieta's formulas, the product of the roots is the negation of the constant term divided by the leading ($x^3$) coefficient. Therefore, the answer is \[\frac{-28}{1} = \boxed{-28}.\] |
human | Which of the following quantities is the largest? (Write $A$, $B$, or $C$.) \[ A.\ \ \frac{2006}{2005}+\frac{2006}{2007} \qquad B.\ \ \frac{2006}{2007}+\frac{2008}{2007} \qquad C.\ \ \frac{2007}{2006}+\frac{2007}{2008} \] |
gpt | This problem illustrates how algebra can clarify arithmetic. Comparing these quantities directly is a chore. Instead, we note that the first and third choices are both of the form $\frac{n}{n-1}+\frac{n}{n+1}$ for $n=2006$ and $n=2007$. Rewriting this expression algebraically leads to \[ \frac{n(n+1)}{n^2-1}+\frac{n... |
human | Find the remainder when $x^{44} + x^{33} + x^{22} + x^{11} + 1$ is divided by $x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1.$ |
gpt | Let $\alpha$ be a root of $x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1 = 0,$ so
\[\alpha^4 + \alpha^3 + \alpha^2 + \alpha + 1 = 0.\]Then $(\alpha - 1)(\alpha^4 + \alpha^3 + \alpha^2 + \alpha + 1) = 0,$ which simplifies to $\alpha^5 = 1.$ Then
\begin{align*}
\alpha^{44} + \alpha^{33} + \alpha^{22} + \alpha^{11} + 1 &= (\alpha^5)^8 \cdot \... |
human | A circle rests in the interior of the parabola with equation $y = x^2,$ so that it is tangent to the parabola at two points. How much higher is the center of the circle than the points of tangency? |
gpt | Let one of the points of tangency be $(a,a^2).$ By symmetry, other point of tangency is $(-a,a^2).$ Also by symmetry, the center of the circle lies on the $y$-axis. Let the center be $(0,b),$ and let the radius be $r.$
[asy]
unitsize(1.5 cm);
real func (real x) {
return(x^2);
}
pair A = (1,1), O = (0,3/2);
dra... |
human | Is $f(x) = \frac{3}{2x^{6}-5}$ an even function, odd function, or neither?
Enter "odd", "even", or "neither". |
gpt | $$f(-x) = \frac{3}{2(-x)^{6}-5} = \frac{3}{2x^{6}-5} = f(x)$$Hence $f$ is $\boxed{\text{even}}.$ |
human | What is $(-1)^1+(-1)^2+\cdots+(-1)^{2006}$ ? |
gpt | Because $(-1)^k$ equals 1 if $k$ is even and $-1$ if $k$ is odd, the sum can be written as \[
(-1+1)+(-1+1)+\cdots+(-1+1) =0+0+\cdots+0=\boxed{0}.
\] |
human | Find the minimum value of
\[\frac{x^2}{x - 8}\]for $x > 8.$ |
gpt | We can write
\[\frac{x^2}{x - 8} = \frac{x^2 - 64 + 64}{x - 8} = \frac{(x - 8)(x + 8) + 64}{x - 8} = x + 8 + \frac{64}{x - 8} = x - 8 + \frac{64}{x - 8} + 16.\]By AM-GM,
\[x - 8 + \frac{64}{x - 8} \ge 2 \sqrt{(x - 8) \cdot \frac{64}{x - 8}} = 16,\]so
\[\frac{x^2}{x - 8} \ge 32.\]Equality occurs when $x = 16,$ so the mi... |
human | Factor completely over the set of polynomials with integer coefficients:
\[4(x + 5)(x + 6)(x + 10)(x + 12) - 3x^2.\] |
gpt | First, we can multiply the factors $x + 5$ and $x + 12$ to get
\[(x + 5)(x + 12) = x^2 + 17x + 60.\]We can then multiply the factors $x + 6$ and $x + 10$ to get
\[(x + 6)(x + 10) = x^2 + 16x + 60.\]So, let $u = x^2 + 16x + 60.$ Then
\begin{align*}
4(x + 5)(x + 6)(x + 10)(x + 12) - 3x^2 &= 4(u + x)(u) - 3x^2 \\
&= 4u^2... |
human | Compute the smallest positive integer $n$ such that $n + i,$ $(n + i)^2,$ and $(n + i)^3$ are the vertices of a triangle in the complex plane whose area is greater than 2015. |
gpt | We have that
\[(n + i)^2 = n^2 + 2ni + i^2 = (n^2 - 1) + (2n)i,\]and
\[(n + i)^3 = n^3 + 3n^2 i + 3ni^2 + i^3 = (n^3 - 3n) + (3n^2 - 1)i.\]By the Shoelace Theorem, area of the triangle with vertices $(n,1),$ $(n^2 - 1,2n),$ and $(n^3 - 3n,3n^2 - 1)$ is
\begin{align*}
&\frac{1}{2} \left|(n)(2n) + (n^2 - 1)(3n^2 - 1) + (... |
human | Evaluate $\left|{-4+\frac{7}{6}i}\right|$. |
gpt | We have $\left|{-4+\frac{7}{6}i}\right|=\frac{1}{6}|{-24+7i}|=\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{(-24)^2+7^2}=\boxed{\frac{25}{6}}$ |
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