title stringlengths 7 332 | abstract stringlengths 0 6.99k | subjareas sequencelengths 1 6 | keywords sequencelengths 0 47 | asjc sequencelengths 1 8 | body_text sequencelengths 21 5.39k | author_highlights sequencelengths 0 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonlinear non-collinear ultrasonic detection and characterisation of kissing bonds | The development of cost effective and reliable bonded structures ideally requires an NDT method to detect the presence of poor quality, weak bonds or kissing bonds. If these bonds are more compliant in tension than in compression stress-strain nonlinearities provide a possible route to detection with the use of nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. This paper focuses on the kissing bond case and the resulting contact acoustic nonlinearity of the interface. A kissing bond is created by compression loading of two aluminium blocks. Non-collinear mixing of two shear waves producing a sum frequency longitudinal wave is the method of stimulation of contact acoustic nonlinearity in this research. The parametric space of the nonlinear mixing is measured in terms of interaction angle of the input beams and the ratio of their frequencies creating a ‘fingerprint’ of the sample's bulk and interface properties in the region where the beams overlap. The scattering fingerprint of a classically nonlinear solid is modelled analytically and a kissing interface is modelled numerically; these results are compared with experimentally measured values. The experimental interface is tested with varied interfacial loading, resulting in an increase in scattering amplitude as load is increased. Secondary peaks in the parameter space also appeared as loading increased, as well as other changes in the fingerprint pattern. | [
"ENGI",
"MATE",
"PHYS"
] | [
"CAN",
"Kissing bond",
"NDE",
"NDT",
"Non-collinear",
"Nonlinear",
"Ultrasonic"
] | [
"2210",
"2500",
"3104"
] | [
"Kissing bonds, two surfaces in intimate contact but not bonded together, can be difficult to detect with the non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques that are standard in industry today [1,2].",
"For this reason, some structures are over-engineered to allow for the safe failure of an adhesive joint; ‘chicken riv... | [] |
Ultraviolet radiation as a ballast water treatment strategy: Inactivation of phytoplankton measured with flow cytometry | This study investigates different UV doses (mJ/cm2) and the effect of dark incubation on the survival of the algae Tetraselmis suecica, to simulate ballast water treatment and subsequent transport.Samples were UV irradiated and analyzed by flow cytometry and standard culturing methods. Doses of ≥400 mJ/cm2 rendered inactivation after 1 day as measured by all analytical methods, and are recommended for ballast water treatment if immediate impairment is required. Irradiation with lower UV doses (100-200 mJ/cm2) gave considerable differences of inactivation between experiments and analytical methods. Nevertheless, inactivation increased with increasing doses and incubation time. We argue that UV doses ≥100 mJ/cm2 and ≤200 mJ/cm2 can be sufficient if the water is treated at intake and left in dark ballast tanks. The variable results demonstrate the challenge of giving unambiguous recommendations on duration of dark incubation needed for inactivation when algae are treated with low UV doses. | [
"AGRI",
"EART",
"ENVI"
] | [
"Dark incubation",
"Esterase substrate",
"Flow cytometry",
"Inactivation",
"Tetraselmis suecica",
"Ultraviolet irradiation"
] | [
"1104",
"1910",
"2310"
] | [
"Ships use water as ballast to ensure stability and trim during the voyage, and ambient water is pumped into ballast tanks in the hull of the ships.",
"It is traditionally discharged without any treatment and represents a global vector for aquatic invasion.",
"A multitude of organisms like virus, bacteria, alga... | [
"Response of T. suecica to different UV doses and dark incubation was determined.",
"Flow cytometry and standard culturing methods were used to determine inactivation.",
"Inactivation increased with increasing doses and with time of dark incubation after treatment.",
"UV doses ≥ 400 mJ/cm2 permanently inactiv... |
Whole cell biosynthesis of 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine and 2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol using Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) strain BG-10 engineered with a transgene encoding Chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase | We have engineered strain BG-10 of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii for use as an effective whole cell biocatalyst. We introduced into the yeast a transgene encoding a Chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase for transcription in response to methanol induction. The strain was then assessed with respect to its growth performance and biotransformation of a fed ketoalcohol substrate to an amino-alcohol. In the resultant strain, BG-TAM, methanol induction did not compromise cell growth. Successful bioconversion of fed substrates to the by-product, acetophenone, indicated transaminase activity in shake flask-cultivated BG-TAM cells. We then used bioreactor cultivation to exploit the high levels of biomass achievable by Komagataella phaffii. In a 900 μL reaction the BG-TAM strain at OD600 = 1024 achieved up to 0.41 mol mol−1 (molproduct molsubstrate−1) yield on substrate (Yp/s) for production of 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine and a space time yield (STY) of 0.29 g L−1 h−1 for production of 2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol. We have shown that transamination, an important step for bespoke synthesis of small molecule medicines, is biologically realisable using enzymes with a broad substrate range, such as ω-transaminases, within living yeast cells that are fed low-cost substrates for bioconversion. | [
"MULT"
] | [
"Bioengineering",
"Biotechnology",
"Chemical engineering",
"Komagataella phaffii",
"Pichia pastoris",
"Transaminase",
"Whole cell biocatalyst"
] | [
"1000"
] | [
"The unicellular methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii), formerly known as Pichia pastoris (Kurtzman, 2009), is a well-established platform for heterologous protein production (Byrne, 2015; Macauley-Patrick et al., 2005).",
"The initial genome sequence of K. phaffii (De Schutter et al., 2009; Kübe... | [] |
Cognitive and anatomical data in a healthy cohort of adults | We present data from a sample of 190 healthy adults including assessments of 4 cognitive factor scores, 12 cognitive tests, and 115 MRI-assessed neuroanatomical variables (cortical thicknesses, cortical and sub-cortical volumes, fractional anisotropy, and radial diffusivity). These data were used in estimating underlying sources of individual variation via independent component analysis (Watson et al., In press) [25]. | [
"MULT"
] | [
"Fluid intelligence",
"Independent component analysis",
"Individual differences",
"Neuroanatomy",
"Tractography"
] | [
"1000"
] | [
"The data (Supplementary Table 1) includes cognitive and anatomical variables collected prior to a large, multi-modal cognitive training study [25].",
"They include:",
"Demographic measures (i.e., age, sex, and education).",
"4 cognitive factors estimated via structural equation modeling [15].",
"Scores fro... | [] |
PARP activity and inhibition in fetal and adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells: Effect on cell survival and differentiation | Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members are ubiquitously expressed and play a key role in cellular processes, including DNA repair and cell death/survival balance. Accordingly, PARP inhibition is an emerging pharmacological strategy for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Consistent evidences support the critical involvement of PARP family members in cell differentiation and phenotype maturation. In this study we used an oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) enriched system derived from fetal and adult brain to investigate the role of PARP in OPCs proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The PARP inhibitors PJ34, TIQ-A and Olaparib were used as pharmacological tools. The main results of the study are: (i) PARP mRNA expression and PARP activity are much higher in fetal than in adult-derived OPCs; (ii) the culture treatment with PARP inhibitors is cytotoxic for OPCs derived from fetal, but not from adult, brain; (iii) PARP inhibition reduces cell number, according to the inhibitory potency of the compounds; (iv) PARP inhibition effect on fetal OPCs is a slow process; (v) PARP inhibition impairs OPCs maturation into myelinating OL in fetal, but not in adult cultures, according to the inhibitory potency of the compounds. These results have implications for PARP-inhibition therapies for diseases and lesions of the central nervous system, in particular for neonatal hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy. | [
"BIOC"
] | [
"Neonatal hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy",
"Oligodendrocyte precursor cells",
"PARP inhibitors",
"Remyelination"
] | [
"1307",
"1309"
] | [
"Oligodendrocytes, the cells wrapping the axons of the central nervous system (CNS) with the myelin sheath, derive from the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) generated during development from multipotent neuroectodermal derivatives in the cortex and spinal cord (Bergles and Richardson, 2015).",
"These cells ... | [
"Oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) were derived from fetal and adult neural stem cells.",
"PARP activity is much higher in fetal than adult—derived OPC.",
"PARP inhibition is toxic for fetal, but not adult OPC, also impairing OPC differentiation."
] |
Demographic hallmarks of an overbrowsed population state in American ginseng | Effects of high deer herbivory in North America on populations of favored plant browse species have been well-documented, however since less palatable plants now dominate the understory, we asked whether these species could be vulnerable as well, and if so, what symptoms might signal that this was occurring? Using American ginseng (Panax quinquefoliusL.) as our representative less palatable understory plant, we compared two subpopulations within a single natural population that were differentially exposed to browse; one isolated from deer by growing atop a large, flat-topped boulder, and a browse-exposed subpopulation in the surrounding low-lying area. We tested the hypothesis that deer effects would be manifested in all parts of the life history; through reduced growth, survival and reproduction. In turn, we hypothesized that browse would reduce population growth rates, and that differences in stage structure of the population would be produced. Taking advantage of a 20 year record of formal demographic censusing, we showed that browse effects were manifested primarily in reduced size-specific growth, while size-specific fertility and survival were relatively unaffected by exposure to browse. Demographically, these differences in growth were sufficient to drive population size reductions of 4.5%/y in the off rock subpopulation while the on rock plants slowly increased in number. High browse off the rock resulted in high proportions of plants in a stunted juvenile state in the off rock population relative to the on rock plants. A high proportion of juveniles is therefore a clear symptom of an understory subjected to chronic overbrowsing, providing land managers a rapid way to assess whether deer could be impacting understory biodiversity. The sharp demographic contrasts we observed between browsed and unbrowsed subpopulations also implies that promotion of refugia within managed lands will likely become increasingly important management tools for biodiversity preservation as long as unchecked deer populations persist. | [
"AGRI",
"ENVI"
] | [
"Ginseng",
"Overbrowsing",
"Panax quinquefolius",
"Plant demography",
"Refugium"
] | [
"1105",
"2303",
"2309"
] | [
"“Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves.",
"I have watched the face of many a newly wolfless mountain, and seen the south-facing slopes wrinkle with a maze of new deer trails.",
"I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anemic desuetude, and then to death.”",
... | [] |
Construction of currency portfolios by means of an optimized investment strategy | "This work focuses on the development of a technical breakout trading strategy based on the Donchian(...TRUNCATED) | [
"BUSI",
"DECI",
"MATH"
] | [
"Currencies",
"Investment strategy",
"Optimization algorithms",
"Profitable portfolios"
] | [
"1408",
"1803",
"2606",
"2613"
] | ["The ultimate objective of any investor, trader or manager is to speculate, to generate profits in (...TRUNCATED) | ["Development of a new trading tool: the Modified Renko Bar (MRB).","We prove that the application o(...TRUNCATED) |
The future relevance of electricity balancing markets in Europe - A 2030 case study | "In the context of an increasing share of variable renewable electricity in the European generation (...TRUNCATED) | [
"ENER"
] | ["Case study","Electricity balancing","Forecast error time series","Market analysis","Variable renew(...TRUNCATED) | [
"2101"
] | ["The increasing share of renewable electricity (RES-E) deployment required to reach the sustainabil(...TRUNCATED) | ["Development of amount and composition of electricity imbalances by 2030.","Assessment of the futur(...TRUNCATED) |
"Hyperglycemia induced damage to mitochondrial respiration in renal mesangial and tubular cells: Imp(...TRUNCATED) | "Damage to renal tubular and mesangial cells is central to the development of diabetic nephropathy ((...TRUNCATED) | [
"BIOC",
"CHEM"
] | ["Cellular bioenergetics","Diabetes","Mesangial cells","Mitochondrial dysfunction","Renal cells","Tu(...TRUNCATED) | [
"1308",
"1605"
] | ["Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kidney disease which affects approximately one-third of patients wi(...TRUNCATED) | ["The kidney as an organ has high bioenergetic needs.","Cultured renal mesangial and tubular cells h(...TRUNCATED) |
FLBEIA: A simulation model to conduct Bio-Economic evaluation of fisheries management strategies | "Fishery systems are complex systems that need to be managed in order to ensure a sustainable and ef(...TRUNCATED) | [
"COMP"
] | ["Bio-economic model","Fisheries management","Fleet dynamics","Impact assessment","Management strate(...TRUNCATED) | [
"1706",
"1712"
] | ["It describes fleet’s short term dynamics or tactical behaviour.","Each season it models how much(...TRUNCATED) | [] |
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