id int64 0 43.2k | context stringlengths 73 11.1k | entities list | timeline list |
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42,300 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2022, 05:53:08</t0>
Beirut III (Furn esh-Shebbak), listed as Plateau Tabet, was suggested to have been located on the left bank of the Beirut River. Burkhalter suggested that it was west of the Damascus road, although this determination has been criticized by Lorraine Copeland.[21] P. E. Gigues discovered a series of <e0>Neolithic</e0> flint tools on the surface along with the remains of a structure suggested to be a hut circle. Auguste Bergy discussed polished axes that were also found at this site, which has now completely disappeared as a result of construction and urbanization of the area.[22]
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42,301 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2022, 05:53:08</t0>
After <e0>World War I</e0> and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Beirut, along with the rest of Lebanon, was placed under the French Mandate. Lebanon achieved independence in 1943, and Beirut became the capital city. The city remained a regional intellectual capital, becoming a major tourist destination and a banking haven,[56][57] especially for the Persian Gulf oil boom.
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42,302 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/15/2023, 22:09:56</t0>
Milan's northern location in Italy closer to Europe, secured also a leading role for the city on the political scene. It was in Milan that Benito Mussolini built his political and journalistic careers, and his fascist Blackshirts rallied for the first time in the city's Piazza San Sepolcro; here the future Fascist dictator launched his March on Rome on 28 October 1922. During the <e0>Second World War</e0> Milan's large industrial and transport facilities suffered extensive damage from Allied bombings that often also hit residential districts.[65] When Italy surrendered in 1943, German forces occupied and plundered most of northern Italy, fueling the birth of a massive resistance guerrilla movement.[66] On 29 April 1945, the American 1st Armored Division was advancing on Milan but, before it arrived, the Italian resistance seized control of the city and executed Mussolini along with his mistress and several regime officers, that were later hanged and exposed in Piazzale Loreto, where one year before some resistance members had been executed.
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42,303 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/15/2023, 22:09:56</t0>
The tumultuous period of early 20th century brought several, radical innovations in Milanese architecture. <e0>Art Nouveau</e0>, also known as Liberty in Italy, is recognisable in Palazzo Castiglioni, built by architect Giuseppe Sommaruga between 1901 and 1903.[108] Other examples include Hotel Corso,[108] Casa Guazzoni with its wrought iron and staircase, and Berri-Meregalli house, the latter built in a traditional Milanese Art Nouveau style combined with elements of neo-Romanesque and Gothic revival architecture, regarded as one of the last such types of architecture in the city.[109] A new, more eclectic form of architecture can be seen in buildings such as Castello Cova, built the 1910s in a distinctly neo-medieval style, evoking the architectural trends of the past.[110] An important example of Art Deco, which blended such styles with Fascist architecture, is the huge Central railway station inaugurated in 1931.[111]
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42,304 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/15/2023, 22:09:56</t0>
In the first years of the 19th century, the ideals of the <e0>Romantic movement</e0> made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Additionally, Giuseppe Parini and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftsmanship.
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42,305 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/06/2020, 17:56:08</t0>
Cheng Yen was born "Chin-Yun Wong"[13] (Chinese: 王錦雲; pinyin: Wáng Jǐnyún; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Kím-hûn) in 1937 in Kiyomizu Town, Taikō District, Taichū Prefecture, Japanese Taiwan (modern-day Qingshui, Taichung City, Taiwan).[3] Unlike most of the other prominent Taiwanese Buddhist leaders, Cheng Yen was born in Taiwan rather than mainland China.[14] Her uncle was childless, so she was given to be raised by her aunt and uncle. Cheng-Yen grew up during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan during <e0>World War II</e0>, where she witnessed the devastating effects of war and experienced the bombings in Taiwan. These experiences were credited as contributing to what she regarded as the truth behind the concept of impermanence.[13] In 1945, when she was eight years old, she looked after her sick brother in a hospital for eight months, and so learned more closely about people's pain and helplessness. At the age of 23, her father died suddenly from brain blood vessel disorder that brought about hemorrhaging and stroke.[3] It was in searching for a burial place for him that Cheng Yen first came into close contact with the Buddhist Dharma, associated doctrines, and Buddhist scriptures (sutras). After her father's death, Cheng Yen took over managing her father's theaters and became financially responsible for her family.
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42,306 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/30/2023, 14:21:28</t0>
Additionally, priests of the Archdiocese of Seattle and clergy from a number of religious orders are buried at the cemetery. There is one British Commonwealth war grave, of a Canadian Army soldier of <e0>World War I</e0>.[3]
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42,307 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/22/2022, 22:52:44</t0>
Hegemonic stability theory (HST) is a theory of international relations, rooted in research from the fields of political science, economics, and history. HST indicates that the international system is more likely to remain stable when a single state is the dominant world power, or hegemon.[1] Thus, the end of hegemony diminishes the stability of the international system. As evidence for the stability of hegemony, proponents of HST frequently point to the Pax Britannica and Pax Americana, as well as the instability prior to <e0>World War I</e0> (when British hegemony was in decline) and the instability of the interwar period (when the American hegemon reduced its presence from world politics).[2][3]
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42,308 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/22/2022, 22:52:44</t0>
Charles Kindleberger is one of the scholars most closely associated with HST; commentators such as Benjamin Cohen regard him as the theory's founder and most influential proponent.[8][9] In his 1973 book The World in Depression: 1929-1939, Kindleberger argued that the economic chaos between <e0>World War I</e0> and <e1>World War II</e1> that led to the Great Depression was partly attributable to the lack of a world leader with a dominant economy. Kindleberger's reasoning touched upon more than economics, however: the central idea behind HST suggests that the stability of the global system, in terms of politics, international law, and so on, relies on the hegemon to develop and enforce the rules of that system. Other key figures in the development of hegemonic stability theory include Robert Gilpin and Stephen Krasner.[10]
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42,309 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/20/2023, 06:53:25</t0>
The first post-<e0>postwar</e0> diesel heavy-duty locomotives, such as the DB Class V 200, had two engines of 800/980 kW each. That concept proved very expensive in maintenance; therefore, in the mid-1950s, development of a medium-duty single engine locomotive was started to replace them.
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42,310 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/11/2023, 01:31:19</t0>
It was traditionally an annual three-day first-class fixture.[6] From the 1830s until 1939, it was among the most important fixtures of the season, attracting large crowds and widespread press coverage. It was still a major social, as well as sporting, event as recently as just after <e0>World War II</e0> . According to The Cricketer (1954), the 1954 match attracted over 13,000 paying spectators as well as MCC members.
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42,311 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/13/2022, 21:23:51</t0>
After the 1943 season, Wilkin entered the United States Marine Corps during <e0>World War II</e0>.[2] While in service, he was stationed at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in southern California and played for their football team.[8]
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42,312 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/04/2022, 04:09:03</t0>
His poetry shows influences from Modernism, Expressionism, Dadaism and early <e0>Surrealism</e0>, but Van Ostaijen's style is very much his own.
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42,313 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/04/2022, 04:09:03</t0>
Van Ostaijen was an active flamingant, a supporter of Flemish independence. Because of his involvement with Flemish activism during <e0>World War I</e0>, he had to flee to Berlin after the war. In Berlin—one of the centers of Dadaism and Expressionism—he met many other artists. He also struggled through a severe mental crisis.
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42,314 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/21/2022, 21:14:59</t0>
Hong Zicheng wrote the Caigentan, the Xianfo qizong, and several no-longer extant books. The c. 1590 Caigentan (菜根譚, 'Vegetable Roots Discourse') is an eclectic compilation of philosophical aphorisms that combine elements from Confucianism, Daoism, and Chan Buddhism. The 1602 Xianfo qizong (仙佛奇蹤, 'Marvelous Traces of Transcendents and Buddhas') contains legends about Daoist and Buddhist masters. The <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> catalog to the Siku Quanshu summarizes the Xianfo qizong:
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42,315 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 13:37:35</t0>
The toys within Kinder Surprise have been themed for various popular licensed characters. Collections of Kinder Surprise toys have included <e0>Asterix</e0>, Fantasmini, Smurfs,[25] and Minions.[18][26] Ferrero and Kinder have also partnered with various companies, institutions, and people to promote Kinder Surprise, including The Walt Disney Company,[27] Universal,[28] and Smart.[29]
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42,316 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 03:15:48</t0>
Since the advent of such technology, it became possible for aircraft and boats to parade. A flypast is an aerial parade of anything from one to dozens of aircraft, both in commercial context at airshows and also to mark important dates, such as national days or significant anniversaries. They are particularly common in the United Kingdom, where they are often associated with Royal occasions. Similarly, for ships, there may be a sail-past of, e.g., tall ships (as was seen during Trafalgar 200) or other sailing vessels as during the celebrations of the 60th anniversary of <e0>World War II</e0>.
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42,317 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/22/2023, 13:27:01</t0>
Born in 1900, Schäfer served in <e0>World War I</e0>. Post-war, he participated in far-right Freikorps groups such as the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and from 1925 to 1928, Der Stahlhelm (The Steel helmet).
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42,318 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/22/2023, 13:27:01</t0>
During <e0>World War II</e0>, Schäfer was head of the Nazi security police in Serbia. Between January and May 1942, Schäfer supervised the murder by gassing of around 7,300 Jews from the Semlin camp across the Sava river from Belgrade. A Saurer gas van was used to kill the 7,300. A further 1,200 Jews died as a result of the camp's harsh conditions, or from executions. The van was used for the last time on 10 May 1942. In May 1942, Schäfer sent a cable to the Reich Security Main Office boasting "with pride" that "Belgrade was the only great city in Europe that was free of Jews."[1][2][3]
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42,319 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/17/2023, 16:35:21</t0>
The decade was opened with a very hostile political climate around the world. Napoleon was invading France's neighbours in efforts to build a French Empire, causing a chain of global-scaled conflicts known as the Napoleonic Wars. Here, France's Napoleonic empire saw its rise and fall through events such as Napoleon's attempts to conquer Russia, the <e0>War of 1812</e0> (spillover to America), and the Battle of Waterloo (Napoleon's ultimate defeat). Imperialism began to encroach towards African and Asian territories through trade, as the United States saw mass-scaled migration that headed westward towards the American frontier (mostly through the opening of the Oregon Trail.)
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42,320 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/17/2023, 16:35:21</t0>
In 1812, the United States declared war on Britain in the <e0>War of 1812</e0>. The U.S. reasons for war included the humiliation in the "Chesapeake incident" of 1807, continued British impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, restrictions on trade with France, and arming hostile American Indians in Ohio and the western territories.[2] United States President James Madison signed a declaration of war on June 18, 1812.
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42,321 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/17/2023, 16:35:21</t0>
The 1810s continued a trend of increasing commercial viability of steamboats in North America, following the early success of Robert Fulton and others in the preceding years. In 1811 the first in a continuously operating line of river steamboats left the dock at Pittsburgh to steam down the Ohio River to the Mississippi and on to New Orleans.[9] Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, began operation as the first steam-powered ferry October 11, 1811, with service between New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey. John Molson's PS Accommodation was the first steamboat on the St. Lawrence and in Canada.[10] Unlike Fulton, Molson did not show a profit. Molson had also two paddle steamboats "Swiftsure" of 1811 and "Malsham" of 1813 with engines by B&W.[11] The experience of these vessels, especially that they could now offer a regular service, being independent of wind and weather, helped make the new system of propulsion commercially viable, and as a result its application to the more open waters of the Great Lakes was next considered. That idea went on hiatus due to the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.
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42,322 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/02/2023, 00:59:36</t0>
In January 2001, Rikishi won a Fatal Four Way match on SmackDown! for the #30 spot in the 2001 Royal Rumble match involving Rock, Undertaker and Kane, after he pinned the latter. There, he eliminated The Undertaker, and was soon eliminated by The Rock.[46] Haku returned to the WWF in the Rumble, and he and Rikishi formed a tag team and feuded with The Brothers of Destruction, The Dudley Boyz then The Hardy Boyz. The team split while Rikishi was sidelined with an eardrum injury in March. He returned on the May 3 SmackDown! and fought The Undertaker to no-contest. On the next Raw, he turned face once again and gave the Stink Face to Stephanie McMahon after she distracted him and cost him a non-title match with Austin. On May 20, at Judgment Day, he injured his shoulder in the opening bout with William Regal, which caused him to miss much of the year and the entire <e0>Invasion</e0> angle.
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42,323 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/02/2023, 00:59:36</t0>
After WWE, Fatu continued to wrestle on the independent circuit. In October 2005, he shortened his ring name to Kishi after being notified by WWE legal representatives that WWE owned a trademark on the name "Rikishi". Fatu, as Kishi, would go on to work for Nu-Wrestling Evolution, a professional wrestling promotion based in Italy.[52]
On February 17, 2007, Fatu competed as SUMO RIKISHI in a tag team contest at an All Japan Pro Wrestling event, as he was brought in by Keiji Mutoh to feud with <e0>Akebono</e0>.[53] On August 12, 2007, Fatu competed in an 8-man tag, as Rikishi, at AAA's TripleMania event. On August 23, Fatu competed in a Triple Threat match against Samoa Joe and Sterling James Keenan at Ballpark Brawl VIII in Buffalo, New York. On November 17, wrestling as Rikishi once again, Fatu defeated Mike Rollins at a Heavy on Wrestling event in Duluth, Minnesota.
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42,324 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/02/2023, 00:59:36</t0>
On the September 13, 2007 episode of <e0>Impact!</e0>, Fatu debuted in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name Junior Fatu. On the September 20 episode of Impact!, Fatu lost to Christian Cage in his first match due to a distraction by Christian's partner A.J. Styles. On the October 4 episode of Impact!, Fatu, Samoa Joe and The Latin American Xchange defeated Christian, Styles, Senshi and Christopher Daniels. On the October 11 episode of Impact!, Fatu and LAX lost a six-man tag team match to Kurt Angle and Team 3D. At Bound for Glory, Fatu competed in the Fight for the Right Reverse Battle Royal which was won by Eric Young. On the October 25 episode of Impact!, Fatu defeated Robert Roode in a Fight for the Right Tournament match after interference by Samoa Joe. On October 30, however, it was reported that Fatu had been released from TNA, because he and TNA management failed to reach an agreement about a pay raise. Chris Harris took Fatu's spot in the Fight for the Right semi-final match.
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42,325 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 01:25:18</t0>
1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1941st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 941st year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 41st year of the <e1>20th century</e1>, and the 2nd year of the 1940s decade. | [
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42,326 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 01:25:18</t0>
Below, the events of <e0>World War II</e0> have the "WWII" prefix.
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42,327 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/16/2021, 20:06:42</t0>
The AES focused not only on educational (providing scholarships) and women-centric issues but also cooperated to support issues outside of the sorority world including defense projects during <e0>World War II</e0>. One of the projects started by the AES member groups resulted in what is today the world-renowned Leader Dogs for the Blind School in Rochester, Michigan.
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42,328 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/30/2023, 14:44:13</t0>
When <e0>cuneiform</e0> was first deciphered in the 19th century, Theophilus Pinches translated some Babylonian tablets which were part of the Spartoli collection in the British Museum and believed he had found in the "Chedorlaomer Tablets" the names of three of the "Kings of the East" named in Genesis 14. As this is the only part of Genesis which seems to set Abraham in wider political history, it seemed to many 19th and early 20th century exegetes and Assyriologists to offer an opening to date Abraham, if the kings in question could only be identified.
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42,329 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/06/2023, 09:07:42</t0>
Dassault Aviation SA (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}French pronunciation: [daˈso]) is a French manufacturer of military aircraft and business jets. It was founded in 1929 by Marcel Bloch as Société des Avions Marcel Bloch (Company of Marcel Bloch's Planes) or "MB". After <e0>World War II</e0>, Marcel Bloch changed his name to Marcel Dassault, and the name of the company was changed to Avions Marcel Dassault on 20 January 1947.
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42,330 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/17/2023, 04:33:44</t0>
"And I'm Joyce Kinney" is the ninth episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series <e0>Family Guy</e0>. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on January 16, 2011. The episode follows housewife Lois as she becomes close friends with the local news anchor Joyce Kinney. In an attempt to become closer, the two decide to get drinks together, and reveal their darkest secrets. Wanting to fit in, Lois reveals her participation in a pornographic film when she was in college, with Joyce promising to keep her revelation a secret. The next day, Kinney unveils the story on the local news, much to the anger of Lois, who quickly becomes shunned by the entire town.
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42,331 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.[4][5] The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during <e0>World War I</e0>, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany.[4] Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe.[6] Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism,[7][8] fascism is placed on the far-right wing within the traditional left–right spectrum.[4][8][9]
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42,332 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Fascists saw <e0>World War I</e0> as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. The advent of total war and the mass mobilization of society erased the distinction between civilians and combatants. A military citizenship arose in which all citizens were involved with the military in some manner.[10] The war resulted in the rise of a powerful state capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve on the front lines and providing logistics to support them, as well as having unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens.[10]
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42,333 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Fascism rejects assertions that violence is inherently negative or pointless, instead viewing imperialism, political violence, and war as means to national rejuvenation.[11][12] Fascists often advocate for the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state,[13][14] and for a dirigiste[15][16] economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through economic interventionist policies. Fascism's extreme authoritarianism and nationalism often manifest as a belief in racial purity or a master race, usually blended with some variant of racism or discrimination against a demonized "Other", such as Jews. These ideas have motivated fascist regimes to commit massacres, forced sterilizations, deportations, and genocides.[17] During <e0>World War II</e0>, the actions of the fascist Axis powers, with their genocidal and imperialist ambitions, caused the death of millions of people.
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42,334 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Historian John Lukacs argues that there is no such thing as generic fascism. He claims that <e0>Nazism</e0> and communism are essentially manifestations of populism, and that states such as Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy are more different from each other than they are similar.[41]
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42,335 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Scholars place fascism on the far-right of the political spectrum.[4][8][9] Such scholarship focuses on its social conservatism and its authoritarian means of opposing egalitarianism.[63] Roderick Stackelberg places fascism—including <e0>Nazism</e0>, which he says is "a radical variant of fascism"—on the political right by explaining: "The more a person deems absolute equality among all people to be a desirable condition, the further left he or she will be on the ideological spectrum. The more a person considers inequality to be unavoidable or even desirable, the further to the right he or she will be."[64]
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42,336 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Fascism's origins are complex and include many seemingly contradictory viewpoints, ultimately centered on a mythos of national rebirth from decadence.[44] Fascism was founded during <e0>World War I</e0> by Italian national syndicalists who drew upon both left-wing organizational tactics and right-wing political views.[65] Italian Fascism gravitated to the right in the early 1920s.[66] A major element of fascist ideology that has been deemed to be far right is its stated goal to promote the right of a supposedly superior people to dominate, while purging society of supposedly inferior elements.[67]
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42,337 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
The victory of the Allies over the Axis powers in <e0>World War II</e0> led to the collapse of many fascist regimes in Europe. The Nuremberg Trials convicted several Nazi leaders of crimes against humanity involving the Holocaust. However, there remained several movements and governments that were ideologically related to fascism.
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42,338 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 06:20:19</t0>
Fascism has been widely criticized and condemned in modern times since the defeat of the Axis powers in <e0>World War II</e0>.
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42,339 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/30/2022, 09:31:13</t0>
The Minidoka Relocation Camp, one of ten Japanese American internment camps set up during <e0>World War II</e0>, was located in Hunt of Jerome County, six miles (9.7 km) north west of Eden.
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42,340 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/02/2023, 17:29:40</t0>
Napoleon Crossing the Alps, <e0>romantic</e0> version by Jacques-Louis David in 1805
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42,341 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/27/2023, 21:03:55</t0>
As well as being influenced by notable modernists, including Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound, Cummings was particularly drawn to early imagist experiments; later, his visits to Paris exposed him to Dada and <e0>Surrealism</e0>, which was reflected in his writing style.[35] Cummings critic and biographer Norman Friedman remarks that in Cummings' later work the "shift from simile to symbol" created poetry that is "frequently more lucid, more moving, and more profound than his earlier".[36]
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42,342 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/27/2023, 21:03:55</t0>
Despite Cummings' familiarity with avant-garde styles (likely affected by the calligrammes of French poet Apollinaire, according to a contemporary observation[37]), much of his work is quite traditional. For example, many of his poems are sonnets, albeit described by Richard D. Cureton as: "revisionary...with scrambled rhymes and rearranged, disproportioned structures; awkwardly unpredictable metrical variation; clashing, mawkish diction; complex, wandering syntax; etc."[38] He occasionally used the blues form and acrostics. Many of Cummings' poems are satirical and address social issues[d] but have an equal or even stronger bias toward <e0>Romanticism</e0>: time and again his poems celebrate love, sex, and the season of rebirth.[39][e]
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42,343 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/17/2023, 18:52:47</t0>
The Fugitoid appeared in the 2003 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series voiced by Oliver Wyman. Here his mind was transferred into the robotic body of his helper robot SAL after the pair were struck by lightning while Honeycutt was wearing a psychic amplifier device. Both the Triceratons and the Federation pursued him seeking to obtain his Teleportal device to gain the upper hand in their ongoing conflict, but Honeycutt found surprising allies in the Turtles. They wound up back on Earth courtesy of the Utroms' transmat, which later transported Honeycutt and the Utroms to their homeworld. However, upon learning that the Triceratons had pursued him to Earth, Honeycutt returned there after erasing the Teleportal blueprints from his mind. He was eventually captured by the Federation, but managed to infect their fleet with a computer virus that shut them down, with his body being fried in the process. Honeycutt's sacrifice touched both sides, and a peace soon resulted between the two. Honeycutt later returned, having uploaded a copy of his mind into Earth's satellite network prior to his demise. Leatherhead later built him a new body using Earth technology, and he would continue to provide aid to the Turtles, eventually officiating at April and Casey's wedding. He is also a playable character in the brawler game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Smash-Up for the <e0>Wii</e0>.
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42,344 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 05:44:50</t0>
Zola was born in Paris in 1840 to François Zola (originally Francesco Zolla) and Émilie Aubert. His father was an Italian engineer with some Greek ancestry,[9] who was born in Venice in 1795, and engineered the Zola Dam in Aix-en-Provence; his mother was French.[10] The family moved to Aix-en-Provence in the southeast when Émile was three years old. Four years later, in 1847, his father died, leaving his mother on a meager pension. In 1858, the Zolas moved to Paris, where Émile's childhood friend Paul Cézanne soon joined him. Zola started to write in the <e0>romantic</e0> style. His widowed mother had planned a law career for Émile, but he failed his baccalauréat examination twice.[11][12]
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42,345 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/17/2023, 11:07:42</t0>
The district dates back to the Oberamt Rottweil, which was created in 1806/08 when the previously free imperial city Rottweil became part of Württemberg. In 1934 it was renamed to Landkreis (district). 1938 the two neighboring districts Sulz and Oberndorf were dissolved, and most of the district Oberndorf and a small part of Sulz was added to the district Rottweil. During <e0>World War II</e0>, a series of Nazi concentration camps, collectively known as KZ Schörzingen-Rottweil-Zepfenhan, were located in the area.[2] In 1973 in another communal reform several municipalities from the districts Horb, Wolfach, Hechingen and Villingendorf were added.
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42,346 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 21:04:14</t0>
The third generation (1950s–1960s) started at the end of <e0>World War II</e0> with "mountaineer" string band music known as bluegrass, which emerged when Bill Monroe, along with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs were introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. Gospel music remained a popular component of country music. The Native American, Hispano, and American frontier music of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, became popular among poor communities in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas; the basic ensemble consisted of classical guitar, bass guitar, dobro or steel guitar, though some larger ensembles featured electric guitars, trumpets, keyboards (especially the honky-tonk piano, a type of tack piano), banjos, and <e1>drums</e1>. By the early 1950s it blended with rock and roll, becoming the rockabilly sound produced by Sam Phillips, Norman Petty, and Bob Keane. Musicians like Elvis Presley, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, Ritchie Valens, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, and Johnny Cash emerged as enduring representatives of the style. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the Nashville sound turned country music into a multimillion-dollar industry centered in Nashville, Tennessee; Patsy Cline and Jim Reeves were two of the most broadly popular Nashville sound artists, and their deaths in separate plane crashes in the early 1960s were a factor in the genre's decline. Starting in the 1950s to the mid-1960s, western singer-songwriters such as Michael Martin Murphey and Marty Robbins rose in prominence as did others, throughout western music traditions, like New Mexico music's Al Hurricane. The late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres. In the aftermath of the British Invasion, many desired a return to the "old values" of rock n' roll. At the same time there was a lack of enthusiasm in the country sector for Nashville-produced music. What resulted was a crossbred genre known as country rock.
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42,347 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 21:04:14</t0>
By the end of <e0>World War II</e0>, "mountaineer" string band music known as bluegrass had emerged when Bill Monroe joined with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. That was the ordination of bluegrass music and how Bill Monroe came to be known as the "Father of Bluegrass." Gospel music, too, remained a popular component of bluegrass and other sorts of country music. Red Foley, the biggest country star following World War II, had one of the first million-selling gospel hits ("Peace in the Valley") and also sang boogie, blues and rockabilly. In the post-war period, country music was called "folk" in the trades, and "hillbilly" within the industry.[58] In 1944, Billboard replaced the term "hillbilly" with "folk songs and blues," and switched to "country and western" in 1949.[59][60]
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42,348 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 21:04:14</t0>
In 2005, country singer Carrie Underwood rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol and has since become one of the most prominent recording artists in the genre, with worldwide sales of more than 65 million records and seven Grammy Awards.[133] With her first single, "Inside Your Heaven", Underwood became the only solo country artist to have a number 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the 2000–2009 decade and also broke Billboard chart history as the first country music artist ever to debut at No. 1 on the Hot 100. Underwood's debut album, Some Hearts, became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in the history of the SoundScan era and the best-selling country album of the last 10 years, being ranked by Billboard as the number 1 Country Album of the 2000–2009 decade. She has also become the female country artist with the most number one hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in the Nielsen SoundScan era (1991–present), having 14 #1s and breaking her own Guinness Book record of ten. In 2007, Underwood won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, becoming only the second Country artist in history (and the first in a decade) to win it. She also made history by becoming the seventh woman to win Entertainer of the Year at the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the first woman in history to win the award twice, as well as twice consecutively. <e0>Time</e0> has listed Underwood as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.
In 2016, Underwood topped the Country Airplay chart for the 15th time, becoming the female artist with the most number ones on that chart.
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42,349 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 21:04:14</t0>
Carrie Underwood was only one of several country stars produced by a television series in the 2000s. In addition to Underwood, American Idol launched the careers of Kellie Pickler, Josh Gracin, Bucky Covington, Kristy Lee Cook, Danny Gokey, Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery (as well as that of occasional country singer Kelly Clarkson[134]) in the decade, and would continue to launch country careers in the 2010s. The series Nashville Star, while not nearly as successful as Idol, did manage to bring Miranda Lambert, Kacey Musgraves and Chris Young to mainstream success, also launching the careers of lower-profile musicians such as Buddy Jewell, Sean Patrick McGraw, and Canadian musician George Canyon. Can You Duet? produced the duos Steel Magnolia and Joey + Rory. Teen sitcoms also have influenced modern country music; in 2008, actress Jennette McCurdy (best known as the sidekick Sam on the teen sitcom <e0>iCarly</e0>) released her first single, "So Close", following that with the single "Generation Love" in 2011. Another teen sitcom star, Miley Cyrus (of Disney Channel's Hannah Montana), also had a crossover hit in the late 2000s with "The Climb" and another with a duet with her father, Billy Ray Cyrus, with "Ready, Set, Don't Go." Jana Kramer, an actress in the teen drama One Tree Hill, released a country album in 2012 that has produced two hit singles as of 2013. Actresses Hayden Panettiere and Connie Britton began recording country songs as part of their roles in the TV shows Nashville and Pretty Little Liars star Lucy Hale released her debut album Road Between in 2014.
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42,350 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/06/2023, 19:54:56</t0>
Two major public reactions to the attacks were a surge of public expressions of patriotism not seen since <e0>World War II</e0>, marked most often by displays of the American flag; and an unprecedented level of respect, sympathy, and admiration for New York City and New Yorkers as a group by Americans in other parts of the United States. Some criticized this particular reaction, noting that not everyone who died was from New York City (for example, some of the passengers on the planes) and that the Arlington, Virginia community also suffered in the attacks. Many people joined together to help the victims. Gratitude toward uniformed public-safety workers, and especially toward firefighters, was widely expressed in light of both the drama of the risks taken on the scene and the high death toll among the workers. Many people paid tribute to the police officers and firefighters who died during the attacks by wearing NYPD and FDNY hats. The number of casualties among the emergency service personnel was unprecedented.
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42,351 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/16/2023, 18:09:18</t0>
The ability to intercept communications depends on the medium used, be it radio, satellite, microwave, cellular or fiber-optic.[7] During <e0>World War II</e0> and through the 1950s, high-frequency ("short-wave") radio was widely used for military and diplomatic communication[58] and could be intercepted at great distances.[7] The rise of geostationary communications satellites in the 1960s presented new possibilities for intercepting international communications.[59] In 1964, plans for the establishment of the ECHELON network took off after dozens of countries agreed to establish the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), which would own and operate a global constellation of communications satellites.[30] | [
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42,352 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/03/2023, 11:44:12</t0>
Anne Robinson's catchphrase "You are the weakest link. Goodbye!" has made several appearances in pop culture, including references in <e0>Family Guy</e0>, Scary Movie 2, How I Met Your Mother, and The League of Gentlemen.
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42,353 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/12/2023, 23:57:46</t0>
The works was very busy during the <e0>World War I</e0> shipbuilding boom, building boilers for Northwest Steel and Albina Engine & Machine Works in Portland, G. M. Standifer Construction in Vancouver, Union Iron Works[a], Schaw-Batcher and the Moore Dry Dock Company in San Francisco, Southwestern Shipbuilding and the Long Beach Shipbuilding Company in Los Angeles, Skinner & Eddy, J. F. Duthie and Ames in Seattle and Todd Construction in Tacoma, as well as completely fitting out ships launched by Northwest Steel.[3] During <e1>World War II</e1>, Willamette Iron & Steel was itself in the shipbuilding business: small naval auxiliaries, minesweepers, patrol craft, submarine chasers, and non-self-propelled lighters. These were built through WISCO's relationship with Henry Kaiser.[4] The company built more than 70 ships during World War II, but they were smaller than those built by the three nearby Kaiser Shipyards.[4] The ships were built on contract to the US and British governments.[4] Willamette also built triple expansion main propulsion engines for Liberty ships.[5]
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42,354 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 03:02:53</t0>
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian is an action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales to coincide with the theatrical release of the film of the same name. It was released for the Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, <e0>Wii</e0>, Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 3 on 15 May 2008 in North America to mixed reception. The DS version was also the first game to implement Disney's DGamer online chat service.[1] As of 2023, it is the last Traveller's Tales game to be developed outside of LEGO video games.
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42,355 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:16:31</t0>
Hellsing, is a manga series written and illustrated by Kouta Hirano. It tells the story of a powerful vampire named Alucard and his battle against supernatural forces in service of the titular Hellsing Organization. The series takes place primarily in a fictitious United Kingdom, which is under attack by the undead forces characterized as a rogue <e0>Nazi</e0> battalion which survived the end of <e1>World War II</e1>. Many of the characters in Hellsing were based on concepts from Hirano's prior works as a freelance manga artist.[citation needed]
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42,356 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:16:31</t0>
Walter C. Dornez (ウォルター・C（クム）・ドルネーズ, Worutā C. (kumu) Dorunēzu, alt. Walter C. Dollneaz) is a member of the Hellsing Organization who also serves as the Hellsing family retainer, a job that he has maintained for most of his life. His ability to use high-velocity monomolecular wires with incredible skill and precision earned him the nickname the "Angel of Death". During the events of Hellsing: The Dawn, Walter accompanied Alucard in the storming Millennium's base during <e0>World War II</e0> in Warsaw, Poland where they put end to the organization's first attempt at create an army of artificial vampires. However, due to his fears of being forgotten and The Major forcibly drafting him after witnessing his abilities, Walter became a double agent of Millennium within the Hellsing Organization's infrastructure in the aftermath of the war.
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42,357 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:16:31</t0>
Millennium (German: Jahrtausend) is a fictional <e0>Nazi</e0> organization who serve as the primary antagonists in the series. The name is a reference to the "Thousand Year Reich" which Adolf Hitler sought to establish during World War II. Within the series, the mysterious group pools its resources after the war and, with substantial help from the Vatican, is able to relocate to South America and go into hiding. The organization is led initially by a cabal of ex-SS officers known as the Old Men of the Opera House, before they were executed by the Major and his followers. Millennium's researchers discover a way to transform humans into vampires through mysterious means and monitors them using implanted computer chips. Most of its members are monsters of some sort, or have found a way to prolong their lives.
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42,358 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/30/2022, 16:34:34</t0>
German submarine U-359 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during <e0>World War II</e0>.
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42,359 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/10/2023, 13:12:52</t0>
Bermuda has three main television stations, a small cable microwave system, two public <e0>GSM</e0> services (Digicel, One Communications), multiple submarine cables (CB-1, Gemini Bermuda, GlobeNet, CBUS), and two main Internet service providers (Digicel, One Communications). In late 2020 a new provider Horizon Communications gained regulatory approval. Horizon Communications offers High speed 4G and soon 5G Fixed LTE Wireless connection, with burstable bandwidth.
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42,360 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 18:32:42</t0>
The Ponary massacre (Polish: zbrodnia w Ponarach), or the Paneriai massacre (Lithuanian: Panerių žudynės), was the mass murder of up to 100,000 people, mostly Jews, Poles, and Russians, by German SD and SS and their Lithuanian collaborators,[1][2][3][4] including Ypatingasis būrys killing squads,[1][2][5] during <e0>World War II</e0> and the Holocaust in the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. The murders took place between July 1941 and August 1944 near the railway station at Ponary (now Paneriai), a suburb of today's Vilnius, Lithuania. 70,000 Jews were murdered at Ponary,[a] along with up to 20,000 Poles,[2][9] and 8,000 Soviet POWs, most of them from nearby Vilna (Vilnius), and its newly formed Vilna Ghetto.[3][10]
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42,361 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/11/2023, 20:59:15</t0>
<e0>2010</e0>: Tropical Storm Agatha made landfall near the Guatemala–Mexico border, killing more than 200 people due to flooding, landslides, and a sinkhole.
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42,362 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/21/2023, 12:50:30</t0>
After the major success of Insurgency, NWI started development on Day of Infamy, another tactical shooter similar to Insurgency, but set in <e0>World War II</e0> and featuring new gameplay mechanics absent from Insurgency. Development on Day of Infamy began in 2016 as a mod for Insurgency, and was further developed as a standalone game.
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42,363 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/05/2023, 13:06:31</t0>
German submarine U-556 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during <e0>World War II</e0>. She was laid down on 2 January 1940 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg as yard number 532, launched on 7 December 1940, and commissioned on 6 February 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Herbert Wohlfarth, who commanded her for her entire career. U-556 conducted only two patrols, sinking six ships totalling 29,552 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging one other of 4,986 GRT, before she was sunk on 27 June 1941.
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42,364 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 23:25:12</t0>
He attended the Free Grammar School in Ashby-de-la-Zouch and then became a student at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.[2] He returned to Ashby where he practiced as a physician for some years, kept a school and studied <e0>astronomy</e0>. Having been removed to London, he was admitted (6 November 1618) a licentiate of the college of physicians, and was noticed due to a publication concerning the comet of 1618.
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42,365 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/03/2023, 11:57:56</t0>
IHF World Men's Outdoor Handball Championship was the world championship of field handball and was organized by the International Handball Federation (IHF) in the period 1948–1966. The first edition was organized by the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) the predecessor of the IHF. In total, seven editions were held. West Germany and East Germany did not participate in the 1948 championship due to the end of <e0>World War II</e0>.
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42,366 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/07/2019, 02:24:06</t0>
Powell also regularly clashed with Secretary of Defense Leslie Aspin, whom he was initially hesitant to support after Aspin was nominated by President Clinton.[59] During a lunch meeting between Powell and Aspin in preparation of Operation Gothic Serpent, Aspin was more focused on eating salad than listening and paying attention to Powell's presentation on military operations.[59] The incident caused Powell to grow more irritated towards Aspin and led to his early resignation on September 30, 1993. Powell was succeeded temporarily by Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral David E. Jeremiah, who took the position as Acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Soon after Powell's resignation, on October 3–4, 1993, the <e0>Battle of Mogadishu</e0>, the aim of which was to capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, was initiated and ended in disaster. Powell later defended Aspin, saying in part that he could not fault Aspin for Aspin's decision to remove a Lockheed AC-130 from the list of armaments requested for the operation.[60]
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42,367 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/20/2023, 06:19:51</t0>
Rob Borsellino (June 20, 1949 – May 27, 2006) was a newspaper columnist who worked for the Des Moines Register. His columns, which appeared three times weekly, became popular due to Borsellino's colloquial writing style and ability to tell a story straight from the heart. His columns appeared several times in such publications as <e0>USA Today</e0>, Chicago Tribune, and The Washington Post, and a compilation of Borsellino's columns were published in his 2005 book So I'm Talkin' To This Guy... (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN 1-888223-66-9).
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42,368 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/30/2023, 19:25:03</t0>
Heckart played two unrelated characters on the daytime soap opera One Life to Live. During the 1980s, she played Ruth Perkins, the mother of Allison Perkins, who had kidnapped the newborn baby of heroine Viki Lord Buchanan under orders from phony evangelist and mastermind criminal Mitch Laurence. During the early 1990s, she played the role of Wilma Bern, mother of upstate Pennsylvania mob boss Carlo Hesser and his meek twin, Mortimer Bern. She appeared in the 1954 legal drama Justice, based on case files of New York's Legal Aid Society.[citation needed] She appeared in an episode of the medical drama <e0>The Eleventh Hour</e0>, titled "There Should Be an Outfit Called 'Families Anonymous!'" (1963), and an episode of Home Improvement, titled "Losing My Religion". She also played the role of Amanda Cooper on the Little House on the Prairie episode "Dance With Me".
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42,369 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
Chinese dynasties such as the Sui, <e0>Tang</e0> and <e1>Song</e1> interacted with and influenced the character of early Japan and Korea. At the turn of the first millennium AD, China was the most advanced civilization in East Asia at the time and was responsible for the Four Great Inventions. China's GDP was likely the largest in the world as well. Japan and Korea had fully coalesced as centralized states in the regimes of Goryeo and Heian,
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42,370 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
From the 17th century onward, East Asian nations such as China, Japan, and Korea chose a policy of isolationism in response to European contact. The 17th and 18th centuries saw great economic and cultural growth. <e0>Qing China</e0> dominated the region but Edo Japan remained completely independent. At this time limited interactions with European merchants and intellectuals led to the rise of Great Britain's East India Company and the beginning of Japan's Dutch Studies. The 1800s however saw the rise of direct European Imperialism upon the region. Qing China was unable to defend itself from various colonial expeditions from Great Britain, France and Russia during the Opium Wars. Japan meanwhile choose the path of westernization under the Meiji Period and attempted to modernize by following the political and economic models of Europe and the Western World. The rising Japanese Empire forcibly annexed Korea in 1910. After years of civil war and decline, China's last emperor Puyi abdicated in 1912 ending China's imperial history which had persisted for over two millennium from the Qin to Qing.
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42,371 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
In China specifically, fossils representing 40 Homo erectus individuals, known as Peking Man, were found near Beijing at Zhoukoudian that date to about 400,000 years ago. The species was believed to have lived for at least several hundred thousand years in China,[8] and possibly until 200,000 years ago in Indonesia[citation needed]. They may have been the first to use fire and cook food.[10] Homo sapiens migrated into inland Asia, likely by following herds of bison and mammoth and arrived in southern Siberia by about 43,000 years ago and some people moved south or east from there.[11][12]
The earliest sites of <e0>neolithic</e0> culture include Nanzhuangtou culture around 9500 BC to 9000 BC,[13] Pengtoushan culture around 7500 BC to 6100 BC, Peiligang culture around 7000 BC to 5000 BC. China's first villages appeared on the landscape at this time.
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42,372 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
The Jōmon period occurred in Japan from circa 14,000 BC to 300BC, with some characteristics of both Neolithic and <e0>Mesolithic</e0> culture.
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42,373 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
As the Kingdom of Silla conquered nearby city-states, they gained access to the Yellow Sea, making direct contact with the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> possible. The Tang dynasty teamed up with Silla and formed a strategy to invade Goguryeo. Since Goguryeo had been able to repel earlier Chinese invasions from the North, perhaps Gorguryeo would fall if it were attacked by Silla from the south at the same time. However, in order to do this, the Tang-Silla alliance had to eliminate Goguryeo's nominal ally Baekje and secure a base of operations in southern Korea for a second front. In 660, the coalition troops of Silla and Tang of China attacked Baekje, resulting in the annexation of Baekje by Silla. Together, Silla and Tang effectively eliminated Baekje when they captured the capital of Sabi, as well as Baekje's last king, Uija, and most of the royal family.
However, Yamato Japan and Baekje had been long-standing and very close allies. In 663, Baekje revival forces and a Japanese naval fleet convened in southern Baekje to confront the Silla forces in the Battle of Baekgang. The Tang dynasty also sent 7,000 soldiers and 170 ships. After five naval confrontations that took place in August 663 at Baekgang, considered the lower reaches of Tongjin river, the Silla–Tang forces emerged victorious.
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42,374 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
A Confucian revival began during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>. In the late Tang, Confucianism developed aspects on the model of Buddhism and Taoism that gradually evolved into what is now known as Neo-Confucianism. This reinvigorated form was adopted as the basis of the imperial exams and the core philosophy of the scholar-official class in the <e1>Song dynasty</e1>. Confucianism would reign supreme as an ideology influencing all of East Asia until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911.
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42,375 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
Taoism, in form of the Shangqing School, gained official status in China again during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> (618–907), whose emperors claimed Laozi as their relative.[22] The Shangqing movement, however, had developed much earlier, in the 4th century, on the basis of a series of revelations by gods and spirits to a certain Yang Xi in the years between 364 and 370.[23]
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42,376 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
For a long time Buddhism remained a foreign religion with a few believers in China. During the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, a fair amount of translations from Sanskrit into Chinese were done by Chinese priests, and Buddhism became one of the major religions of the Chinese along with the other two indigenous religions. In Korea, Buddhism was not seen to conflict with the rites of nature worship; it was allowed to blend in with Shamanism. Thus, the mountains that were believed to be the residence of spirits in pre-Buddhist times became the sites of Buddhist temples. Though Buddhism initially enjoyed wide acceptance, even being supported as the state ideology during the Goguryeo, Silla, Baekje, Balhae, and Goryeo periods, Buddhism in Korea suffered extreme repression during the Joseon dynasty.
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42,377 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
In Mongolia, Buddhism flourished two times; first in the Mongol Empire (13th–14th centuries), and finally in the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> (16th–19th centuries) from Tibet in the last 2000 years. It was mixed in with Tengeriism and Shamanism.
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42,378 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
In AD 581, Yang Jian overthrew the Northern Zhou, and established the Sui dynasty. Later, Yang Jian, who became Sui Wendi, conquered the Chen dynasty, and united China. However, this dynasty was short-lived. Sui Wendi's successor, Sui Yangdi, expanded the Grand Canal, and launched four disastrous wars against the Goguryeo. These projects depleted the resources and the workforce of the Sui. In AD 618, Sui Yangdi was murdered. Li Yuan, the former governor of Taiyuan, declared himself the emperor, and founded the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>.
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42,379 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
A government system supported by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations was perfected under Tang rule. This competitive procedure was designed to draw the best talents into government. But perhaps an even greater consideration for the Tang rulers, aware that imperial dependence on powerful aristocratic families and warlords would have destabilizing consequences, was to create a body of career officials having no autonomous territorial or functional power base. As it turned out, these scholar-officials acquired status in their local communities, family ties, and shared values that connected them to the imperial court. From Tang times until the closing days of the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> in 1911–1912, scholar officials often functioned often as between the grassroots level and the government. This model of government had an influence on Japan and Korea.
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42,380 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 01:36:45</t0>
In 1931 Japan occupied Manchuria ("Dongbei") after the Manchurian Incident, and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. The U.S. undertook large scale military and economic aid to China and demanded Japanese withdrawal. Instead of withdrawing, Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940–41. In response, the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands cut off oil imports in 1941, which accounted for over 90% of Japan's oil supply. Negotiations with the US led nowhere. Japan attacked U.S. forces at the Battle of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, triggering America's entry into <e0>World War II</e0>. Japan rapidly expanded at sea and land, capturing Singapore and the Philippines in early 1942, and threatening India and Australia.
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42,381 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/10/2023, 13:12:32</t0>
Striptease became popular in Japan after the end of <e0>World War II</e0>. When entrepreneur Shigeo Ozaki saw Gypsy Rose Lee perform, he started his own striptease revue in Tokyo's Shinjuku neighborhood. During the 1950s, Japanese "strip shows" became more sexually explicit and less dance-oriented, until they were eventually simply live sex shows.[35]
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42,382 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 18:05:53</t0>
During the Crimean War, a joint British and French fleet attacked the Russian fortresses in the Baltic; the case is also known as the Åland War. They bombarded Sveaborg, which guards Helsinki; and Kronstadt, which guards Saint Petersburg; and they destroyed Bomarsund in Åland. After the unification of Germany in 1871, the whole southern coast became German. <e0>World War I</e0> was partly fought in the Baltic Sea. After 1920 Poland was granted access to the Baltic Sea at the expense of Germany by the Polish Corridor and enlarged the port of Gdynia in rivalry with the port of the Free City of Danzig.
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42,383 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 18:05:53</t0>
Since the end of <e0>World War II</e0>, various nations, including the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States have disposed of chemical weapons in the Baltic Sea, raising concerns of environmental contamination.[20] Today, fishermen occasionally find some of these materials: the most recent available report from the Helsinki Commission notes that four small scale catches of chemical munitions representing approximately 105 kg (231 lb) of material were reported in 2005. This is a reduction from the 25 incidents representing 1,110 kg (2,450 lb) of material in 2003.[21] Until now, the U.S. Government refuses to disclose the exact coordinates of the wreck sites. Deteriorating bottles leak mustard gas and other substances, thus slowly poisoning a substantial part of the Baltic Sea.
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42,384 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 18:05:53</t0>
After <e0>World War II</e0>, Germany had to be disarmed and large quantities of ammunition stockpiles were disposed directly into the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Environmental experts and marine biologists warn that these ammunition dumps pose a major environmental threat with potentially life-threatening consequences to the health and safety of humans on the coastlines of these seas.[81]
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42,385 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 08:49:15</t0>
The Atacaman culture was deeply influenced by <e0>Tiwanaku</e0> culture and later fell under Inca rule. The Atacamans harvested mainly corn and beans and developed trade as far as the Amazon basin and Pacific shores. The arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century did not destroy the culture but transformed it deeply through the process of mestizaje, in which both cultures mixed. Under Spanish rule, Atacaman territory was placed under the administration of the Audiencia Real de Charcas, though it is disputed whether the Audiencia Real de Charcas was to administer only the inland portion or the coast as well. At the time of independence general Simón Bolívar integrated it into the new Republic of Bolivia, under the name of "Litoral Department". This decision was disputed by the Chilean Government and has been a source of conflict until present times. Chile claimed that according to the Uti possidetis of the Spanish crown, the coastal region belong to them and their territory bordered directly with Peru.
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42,386 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/03/2023, 13:15:56</t0>
During <e0>World War II</e0>, Mizoguchi made a series of films whose patriotic nature seemed to support the war effort. The most famous of these is a retelling of the classic samurai tale The 47 Ronin (1941–42), an epic jidaigeki (historical drama). While some historians see these as works which he had been pressured into,[21] others believe him to have acted voluntarily.[22] Fellow screenwriter Matsutarō Kawaguchi went as far as, in an 1964 interview for Cahiers du Cinéma, calling Mizoguchi (whom he otherwise held in high regards) an "opportunist" in his art who followed the currents of the time, veering from the left to the right to finally become a democrat.[23]
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42,387 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/01/2023, 18:27:34</t0>
The concept of copyright in China has been found to exist at least as far back as the <e0>Song dynasty</e0> (960–1279). The publishers of a work at that time wrote on the final page of a text that it could not be copied. The first modern official code was implemented in 1910 at the end of the <e1>Qing dynasty</e1> (1636–1912). A new version was issued in 1915 during the Warlord Era of the Republic of China.[9] On May 23, 1928, the Nationalist Government enacted a copyright law that covered books, music, paintings, photographs, engravings, and models. The copyright for most items existed for 30 years after the death of the author. Translations of literary works had a 20-year copyright and photographs had a 10-year copyright after publication. Corporate copyright existed for 30 years after publication.[10]
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42,388 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 20:03:29</t0>
Keaton served in the American Expeditionary Forces in France with the United States Army's 40th Infantry Division during <e0>World War I</e0>. His unit remained intact and was not broken up to provide replacements, as happened to some other late-arriving divisions. During his time in uniform, he developed an ear infection that permanently impaired his hearing.[25][26]
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42,389 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/01/2022, 04:15:34</t0>
Active wrestlers and on-screen talent appear on <e0>Impact</e0>, pay-per-views and at untelevised live events. Personnel are organized below by their role in Impact Wrestling. Their ring name is on the left, and their real name is on the right. Impact Wrestling refers to its female performers as "Knockouts".
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42,390 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
If in relation to its foreign policy, the country in this first republican period maintained a relative balance characterized by a success in resolving border disputes with neighboring countries,[105] only broken by the Acre War (1899–1902) and its involvement in <e0>World War I</e0> (1914–1918),[106][107][108] followed by a failed attempt to exert a prominent role in the League of Nations;[109] Internally, from the crisis of Encilhamento[110][111][112] and the Navy Revolts,[113] a prolonged cycle of financial, political and social instability began until the 1920s, keeping the country besieged by various rebellions, both civilian[114][115][116] and military.[117][118][119]
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42,391 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
During <e0>World War II</e0>, Brazil remained neutral until August 1942, when the country suffered retaliation by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in a strategic dispute over the South Atlantic, and, therefore, entered the war on the allied side.[128][129][130] In addition to its participation in the battle of the Atlantic, Brazil also sent an expeditionary force to fight in the Italian campaign.[131]
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42,392 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
Among the most renowned Brazilian inventors are priests Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Landell de Moura and Francisco João de Azevedo, besides Alberto Santos-Dumont,[306] Evaristo Conrado Engelberg,[307] Manuel Dias de Abreu,[308] Andreas Pavel[309] and Nélio José Nicolai.[310] Brazilian science is represented by the likes of César Lattes (Brazilian physicist Pathfinder of Pi Meson),[311] Mário Schenberg (considered the greatest theoretical physicist of Brazil),[312] José Leite Lopes (only Brazilian physicist holder of the UNESCO Science Prize),[313] Artur Ávila (the first Latin American winner of the <e0>Fields Medal</e0>)[314] and Fritz Müller (pioneer in factual support of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin).[315]
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42,393 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century)[421][422] to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, <e0>Surrealism</e0> and Abstractionism. Brazilian cinema dates back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century and has gained a new level of international acclaim since the 1960s.[423]
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42,394 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
Brazil produced significant works in <e0>Romanticism</e0> – novelists like Joaquim Manuel de Macedo and José de Alencar wrote novels about love and pain. Alencar, in his long career, also treated indigenous people as heroes in the Indigenist novels O Guaraní, Iracema and Ubirajara.[441] Machado de Assis, one of his contemporaries, wrote in virtually all genres and continues to gain international prestige from critics worldwide.[442][443][444]
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42,395 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 17:12:31</t0>
Brazilian painting emerged in the late 16th century,[473] influenced by Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, <e0>Romanticism</e0>, Realism, Modernism, Expressionism, <e1>Surrealism</e1>, Cubism and Abstracionism making it a major art style called Brazilian academic art.[474][475]
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42,396 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/18/2023, 21:14:16</t0>
Halleck was born on a farm in Westernville, Oneida County, New York, the third child of 14 of Joseph Halleck, a lieutenant who served in the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, and Catherine Wager Halleck. Young Henry detested the thought of an agricultural life and ran away from home at an early age to be raised by an uncle, David Wager of Utica.[2] He attended Hudson Academy, Union College in Schenectady, New York, then the United States Military Academy. He became a favorite of military theorist Dennis Hart Mahan and was allowed to teach classes while still a cadet.[3] He graduated in 1839, third in his class of 31 cadets, as a second lieutenant of engineers.[4] After spending some time as a member of the teaching staff at the academy, and a few years improving the defenses of New York Harbor, he wrote a report for the United States Senate on seacoast defenses, Report on the Means of National Defence, which pleased General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, who rewarded Halleck with a trip to Europe in 1844 to study European fortifications and the French military.[5] Returning home as a first lieutenant, Halleck gave a series of twelve lectures at the Lowell Institute in Boston that were subsequently published in 1846 as Elements of Military Art and Science.[6] His work, one of the first expressions of American military professionalism, was well received by his colleagues and was considered one of the definitive tactical treatises used by officers in the coming Civil War. His scholarly pursuits earned him the later derogatory nickname "Old Brains".[3]
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42,397 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/10/2023, 13:57:23</t0>
After <e0>World War I</e0> broke out in Europe, Bryan consistently advocated for American neutrality between the Entente and the Central Powers. With Bryan's support, Wilson initially sought to stay out of the conflict, urging Americans to be "impartial in thought as well as action".[100] For much of 1914, Bryan attempted to bring a negotiated end to the war, but the leaders of both the Entente and the Central Powers were ultimately uninterested in American mediation. Bryan remained firmly committed to neutrality, but Wilson and others within the administration became increasingly sympathetic to the Entente.
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42,398 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/10/2022, 10:19:01</t0>
Lambda-class T4a shuttles first appeared in Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi, and were later added to the Special Edition release of The Empire Strikes Back. Joe Johnston, Ralph McQuarrie, and Nilo Rodis-Jamero borrowed elements from the skyhopper designed for A New Hope when refining the shuttle's appearance.[25] Earlier versions were boxy, boat-like, or had TIE fighter-like components.[25] Industrial Light and Magic's modelmakers made two shooting models, although CGI versions were used for the craft's Special Edition appearance in The Empire Strikes Back.[25] The Theta-class shuttle in Revenge of the Sith was designed to appear like a predecessor to the Lambda class.[26] A Lambda-class shuttle makes a cameo appearance during the docking sequence of Inara Serra's shuttle in "Serenity", the pilot episode of Joss Whedon's <e0>Firefly</e0>.[27]
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42,399 | Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 07:46:11</t0>
The old remains of settlement are dated of the middle-new <e0>Neolithic</e0> (about 3500–2500 BC). The archeological finds consist of carved stone and silex tools which were found in Seriol hill and Manresà area and tombs with grave goods in Sistrells and Llefià quarters. Deposits of the bronze and Iron Age have been found in old brickyards (dated about 1800–1500 BC) many years ago and in the masies of Can Butinyà and Can Mora in the Canyet quarter (1500–1100 BC).[8]
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