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In many of the above mathematical works that study the dynamics of collapse, both in dispersive systems such as the NLS {{cite:3545a9ea6be6137ddc444c5b74fbe376b840e949}}, {{cite:c39b57f18b8a26a03ec56035e67985272da3cc5c}}, but also even in dissipative systems such as reaction-diffusion ones {{cite:2ef4036177681cd5b4393e...
i
21bf655f3e18e825817800ec9781f4f2
In this section, numerical results are illustrated to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. All results are obtained by averaging over 500 channel realizations. Unless stated otherwise, we assume {{formula:6de6945b-f0d3-4589-a6e4-1292afe1617c}} , the BS, RIS 1 and RIS 2 are located at (0 m, 0 m), (40 m, 1...
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ee028afa541dea124bd16b308a2211d9
More precisely, since we can write a first-order logical formula specifying that {{formula:77f2ac39-5b6d-41b3-981d-b57d195a4077}} is a {{formula:c78017a9-a147-43dc-905a-99f1b3cf9dc6}} -composition of elements of {{formula:9d88dd26-599b-4cd1-aa8b-2114f28ea7e1}} , we can obtain a linear representation for {{formula:1b8d...
r
422cfb910c75c85fb1cad91d3627e092
there exists {{formula:70c26795-593d-44c9-ab8a-189b7588e3f3}} ''{{formula:06f789b7-d443-411a-945c-9dd4db45beb0}} c{{formula:e2bc7a59-231c-4431-9f85-883d2e9d5acb}} For {{formula:89180007-5fee-4f60-98fb-9638332ca3f3}} and {{formula:26c388ff-51ec-4e4d-a643-baaaeb4a4933}} Lemma REF {{formula:fa226281-07c1-4c3f-a019-4b...
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dec6f98e1e4f7160c243404f56fda474
In a real urban traffic environment, there may be thousands of intersections that must cooperate to optimize transportation. An action taken by one intersection affects its local traffic pressure and affects the road conditions at other intersections. The state transition function and reward function of the traffic env...
i
10f6999b01b9768506280a3aa262b7c0
In neural systems, often multiple neurons are driven by one external event or stimulus; conversely multiple neural inputs can converge onto a single neuron. A natural question in both cases is how multiple variables hold information about the singleton variable. In their seminal work {{cite:c811b5019052e8a3545aea7bf05a...
i
c03f67a72342c7fbd3d8f25abcae8d4e
Electro-optical (EO) materials are of vital interest in almost all areas of photonics and telecommunications. Their use is based on their optical properties with the linear modulation of the refractive index under the effect of an applied electric field. This is the Pockels effect, a detailed development of which can b...
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a9d476a4a55d6bd29bcbf0ac23a98955
The mixed-valent and spin states of Ni in the ternary La-Ni-O system tend to form charge and spin order. The emergence of the two types of order has been verified in hole doped La{{formula:95985e59-d2aa-4a0a-922c-ded8f5b7ec38}} Sr{{formula:6eb0374a-c533-42de-98bc-cbd33b39d6df}} NiO{{formula:ff1fe993-8df0-42d4-8151-9e84...
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f68f9f227e1de6547740e5825245b7d3
The corresponding minimum cost flow problem has unit node capacities (maximum one unit of flow through each node) and node weights equal to negations of the weights of balls, so is equivalent to finding {{formula:cab172c2-eae2-4fe1-9b1b-0a2045d54ad5}} node-disjoint paths from {{formula:9ae04451-cf01-4cb0-9a61-3267cb7e...
i
5b125b9c0bcae9bcb7fb4b641a387f3b
Theorem REF indicates the necessity of a finite penalty factor {{formula:dad5cb59-85f5-41b1-83d5-6aae98e851fc}} , or the approximate error would not be controlled. On the other hand, we have to restrict policy updates within the neighborhood of last {{formula:de963531-85a8-4860-9313-8d0e5060015c}} (i.e., {{formula:62...
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f28070b9ca4a31f94de2ae31f70f07e3
Since our proposed method is the first work that constructs visually protected image for DJSCC transmission, we compare the proposed method with two perceptual image encryption methods, i.e. the learnable image encryption (LE) method {{cite:c9fa804f82ff0a0345ed03f2e9f484738bca6719}} and the pixel-based image encryption...
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2815508698e45b233a4167d335097524
Implicit in the causal effect analyses is that inferences are done conditionally on finding the margin. As argued in other contexts (e.g., {{cite:e199300e5cc5f2ed99c03106dd958c07f70cfea6}}), there exist many modes of performing inference in causal analyses. This issue should be explored further as well. In particular, ...
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75382ea2d47f7599d4b71c73a66953f8
We present qualitative results in Fig. REF and compare with the state-of-the-art approach of Choutas et al. {{cite:f85770fc30d1fd362d8bdf3c5e014420838475ea}}. Despite much faster inference speed, our model gives results with equal visual quality. In the first row we show that our model captures detailed hand poses whi...
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20841c3fc4ffa9005eb90b759a2cf98b
where {{formula:f939b52c-b40d-4a2f-b972-1d3ebbe75e43}} is the set of non-descendants of {{formula:c231df78-e3c4-4f45-b6fd-5db8afa0963f}} ; for details, see {{cite:2596ea62411952459752598c6fd5dc39cd72f8a7}}.
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683b70f840f2cb9b51b75356a75df933
Overall superiority of LAMDA with varying budget. In Fig. REF , we compare the performance of LAMDA and the existing approachesUnfortunately, {{formula:baa1e7eb-2fdf-4fbe-9a30-3fd674c6333a}} VAADA {{cite:cb6246063a13fb951699fa68dc7142a7d0876a0c}} for DomainNet and VisDA-2017 requires infeasible memory consumption, in t...
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717f7741888c2585bbb7f0af89e620fb
Detecting Out-of-Scope Intent in Conversational Language Understanding To validate the method beyond image modalities, we also evaluate SNGP on a practical language understanding task where uncertainty quantification is of natural importance: dialog intent detection {{cite:7fa21086f122930f55f631f5f77915ddf0d71f20}}, {{...
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da366a95491282b49e77219158b670a0
The fact that we consider complex-valued “para-Hermitian” structures implies that, unlike the usual literature in DFT and related matters, we can analyse different signatures of the metric, by imposing different reality conditions. Since we work in a 4-manifold {{formula:f2f63f0f-4afa-42e6-8d9d-7bd578d321c0}} (which w...
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42d1c372074a014ac2b719ab0d6d7b55
We want to apply the results from the previous sec::errorest to PINNs as introduced in {{cite:2ec07b90ba80c72a0306f8d02749ceb25d0a250f}}. Therein the the data-driven loss used during training of feed-forward NNs is supplemented by a contribution reflecting the PDE (the physics-informed contribution), yielding {{formula...
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14df1816b2787cb6c434490fdb777204
In our model, the maximum energy is estimated under the assumption that particle Larmor radius is less than the termination shock radius (see Eq. (REF )). Two parameters are concerned here. One is the magnetic fraction {{formula:fe752461-60c4-4923-b24f-1ffea5aaa054}} , which is limited to a small value: {{formula:f1a9d...
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Comparison to state of the art. We compare WikidataRec against the following methods on Wikidata-14M: BPR-MF {{cite:847d9c713a863733acce2ad130d0a0a76cc73c30}} is a representative collaborative filtering model that uses matrix factorization (MF) as the underlying predictor and is optimized with a pairwise ranking loss. ...
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eb3176d6fb076eb9d0977876abb3232d
3D human digitization has drawn significant attention in recent years, with a wide range of applications such as photo editing, video games and immersive technologies. To obtain photo-realistic renders of free-viewpoint videos, existing approaches {{cite:dca0b4144d0ea95212d9b5ed7b641ff6e97bf217}}, {{cite:a52a3770dd8a09...
i
ccf868112be5c996b98e04f1d0d20071
If we include the discovery of the nova shell around IPHASX J210204.7+471015 by {{cite:4d8c65fbca3cb78720a2f75f15c520b87f57e172}}, who used a similar setup, in our calculation then we have two NLs with shells from a total of 57 NLs. Assuming the {{formula:433f834a-cfcf-45a4-b36e-d85175a84951}} 100-year visibility windo...
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In most cases of practical interest the solution of problems involving many interacting quantum particles rests on some kind of approximation {{cite:4eb92499095d5353cc6ac79a904d79d6b95a72b1}}, {{cite:d9e95ff81f265318fc671dfd2acead12f378d659}}, {{cite:e1fe9c96a93f8de860cdbb55dd979486a84144fc}}. It is not surprising then...
i
a3a6b1d6c5eb8ad5b32bcb2d25e93089
Limitations and future work. The presented work has limitations with several potential improvements that are the subjects of our future work. First, dual-domain self-supervision requires an accurate k-space signal for loss computation. Increased noise in undersampled data may impact training performance, and thus pre-p...
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c3aece4a232592a1b353ca3c649603dd
While we have presented a number of corrections for dogmatism, we have not presented any coherent framework for deriving corrections. This presents an important question: are there any objective Bayes principles which automatically lead to priors which adequately account for dogmatism? Certain strategies, such as using...
d
b3023186b7df9b2b2bad2059e03ff315
The proposed model learns the structural information of light fields without requiring ground truth disparity maps or hand-crafted features. The model is generalisable to different light field image formats, limited only by the availability of training data. Since the model optimises for not only pixel-to-pixel distort...
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e1bad6f120f1ad410111b41091e8e347
The problem framing in fig:pipeline, the formulations in sec:methodology, and the analytical framework presented over hyperparameter settings above naturally extend to any ML system (white-box or black-box) which have hyperparameters, {{formula:3634d9db-9867-411f-bf95-67d22c89562c}} , or more generally, up-stream facto...
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bb98c1be105233f5c07281f7bd522ab5
The first historically discovered gauge theory was classical electrodynamics formulated by J. C. Maxwell {{cite:0ed9513f94793c0ea198bba1faf66898c32654ce}}. The existence of a gauge symmetry within Maxwell equations initially did not appear to be a fact of huge importance. Only the papers of Weyl on the unification of e...
i
6def4c8d3180fe5f43a715186ad6d902
The discovery of a Higgs boson of mass 125 GeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider {{cite:bc6682fea7bcb91f8699e731b6bce452a89bf17b}}, {{cite:f6e8ddb3169c6b2aec9726c2215fea5751635326}} has completed the particle spectrum of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, and has established the Higgs sector as the origin of ...
i
6292dd3f57b0ff85a9a94cadb28e51c2
We first compare the outputs of TorchRadon and Astra Toolbox {{cite:d5f824306576b509dc7abdaedef89a22bd254ca9}}, {{cite:43157643c34fb3cdc3d5a8f66d32d1500286d718}} on Radon forward and backward projections and filtered backprojection.
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92f596ebdf80f12b4d04db6f12ac00c7
The optimal control problem () is discretized, using 10 min as sampling time and 1 h as control interval. The problem is set up using CasADi {{cite:27805e994829653c07906b691c857cf639ddd8f7}} and solved using IPOPT. Fig. REF presents the states {{formula:29bffa8d-b5dc-4b47-bfa8-ecbc2c83e3e4}} of the system. {{figure:9...
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670effc8fb265543ed50aa8691640017
where {{formula:e058833e-9072-47b9-854a-0899a77abe9e}} with {{formula:97cae08e-b922-4099-a6b5-e6f19bdc8ac4}} being the size of Hilbert space. For the static Hamiltonian system with eigenvalues {{formula:f7f448de-a4cb-4f45-b5e2-8043efaff446}} , we have {{formula:a75b1f48-42ab-44cd-b5a0-e862879a572a}} and the ratio ca...
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a58fe27dc06aa90141d53b53e0df736d
Topics for future research and broader issues in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies merit mention. In this paper Wald-type confidence intervals are considered, which have known limitations {{cite:01406e7b304078a8ac88e42eb36b41758d8838e2}}, {{cite:71d1cf7a27e80cdd3b7d065fa3065281bc9ee544}}; alternative types of confidenc...
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1f21b62c33a295676a6c82a5f959f8aa
Fully homogeneous nets and implicit bias. Suppose the network that we use is fully homogeneous and we have an over-parametrized training problem. For such classification problems, it has been shown that gradient descent methods {{cite:33133d17bef1d0540dfc8bce0dd13a63cec9fccd}}, {{cite:904c4570977723b72a1482f415c678c40c...
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cdfd9038080f615eecbc557e02cee14d
The Vecchia approximation offers an alternative to inducing points, but without introducing auxiliary quantities. Although it is sometimes cast as a novel modeling framework rather than an approximation {{cite:1425f72d04716ca97a2e6fa9a10392d932d82880}}, a key advantage is that it doesn't fundamentally change the underl...
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7d2f6873026451d01d34b433e8162d23
In the last couple of decades, exact renormalization group (RG) equations {{cite:714d4a4d57b7ad50dce61749557941f8ec35e016}} have become a powerful tool for nonperturbative investigation of both renormalizable and effective quantum field theories. The framework for exact RG of Euclidean quantum gravity {{cite:0ee3ee8614...
i
9ab501b2f82db27db123e69cdec18a0a
Although we have focused on the resonant contribution to the GWs, there are non-resonant contributions. Here, we comment that the non-resonant contribution to the GWs does not affect our discussion on the detectability in SKA. This is because the non-resonant contribution is dominant for smaller {{formula:a3a58162-e26d...
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625de5126447f84a8b164df1326826cb
DAB-DETR, DN-DETR, and DINO. DAB-DETR uses a 4-D vector that represents an anchor box as the object query. Results are listed in Table REF . For the C5 model, The model trained with Group DETR obtains {{formula:751f42ea-c7e4-4dd7-b6b5-2e5d46e5064c}} mAP and {{formula:66375054-2485-4d49-802b-ef29c2e5e183}} mAP gains o...
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891764b36e1e49f2ab5473478ecea3d5
where {{formula:be552889-8ad3-46b4-99d7-c05da4abbda2}} represents the extra cosmological parameter {{formula:1e81bad1-b246-4caa-bd2e-c2bf1490962e}} and {{formula:a61c9aba-fcf7-48e1-9252-f3731b81c445}} , which are marginalized in a large range ({{formula:aa92cc68-c12a-4bda-9a00-d21183cc6b61}} , {{formula:3bc9b673-3ef4...
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7239303fac8f59d43daa18cefe3f235e
Secondly, this set-up somehow bridges recent discussions of averaging {{cite:9be375683e78187900af46050fa842e62c65ae68}}, {{cite:c838fb4c4cb0c963380605f34512a925b03e7e5d}}, {{cite:fd615319bbed9ee7a1c86179cf5e8aa0fe4349c8}}, {{cite:ea2777835658c7fb958bc62f02ab5a5dd5e91cee}}, quantum error correction {{cite:aff5648a69054a...
d
6c144215ff82ffa8c66b0cf96a76b2e9
A useful operator in this context, as defined in {{cite:cbdab04fedadd794643ce050ac0e62017ea8f526}}, is the following {{formula:41fe4c95-3219-4897-b2fa-f7455c510635}}
d
2754405cb1fa201376426bd18be295c1
More recently, the computational task of sampling from generic closed periodically-driven quantum many-body systems has also been proposed to demonstrate quantum supremacy {{cite:7020de47e26457e6a084550af03bc088872e1570}}. This opens the road for a plethora of analog based quantum simulators on periodically driven cold...
i
55dfad41866aa4b6c98f9ee77664c0a4
See {{cite:b31e77ccbfae8674d8b837499355db71eaed84a8}} for more detail on the subject of metrics, and other distance-like functions, on probability measures. See {{cite:2ed6449679b339c086e2ecb7084ced5b2ac3b671}}, {{cite:6bf7b3a7d5bdc3de08757d54a614fad04a42807d}} for more detailed discussions on the well-posedness of Bay...
d
12c37fcfd52a1738ae30b7bbf3336e18
The proofs of Theorems REF and REF utilize the linear programming approach (see {{cite:fba4d6811c29f463912bbefda52e2323555a09fd}} and references therein) except here we do not need to show the positive definiteness of the interpolating polynomial. We next state a solution to Problem REF that follows from Theorems RE...
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791ca2e589af690c49f4d4efc6a6114a
Many studies concentrate on the relation between the NS spin direction and kick velocity direction (e.g., {{cite:1c1c3473b97dc9dc68d57a67d76ebc23e8239889}}, {{cite:b97e03e26eed605faceaddd6ac4b4f6b2e1ac138}}, {{cite:ed8cca2ce03ba6c34be27f69480b8d17e7b8dd96}}, {{cite:78f596b555019bb258410a2d62b0205dd3a60294}}, {{cite:024...
i
9088b04ab2659d725f85246f4f8acf5b
Different Distillation Strategies. Table REF shows the results of distillation using different strategies, i.e. , layer-to-layer distillation last-layer distillation, and MSE loss NCE loss. We first study the effect of our proposed visual token alignment by applying attention distribution and hidden embedding distilla...
r
8ae8255f4989a2ff06c56d226ba54f1f
We present the class-averaged AUROC scores for the SIMO-based evaluation in Table REF . Here the optimal method for MNIST is a discriminative AE, with {{formula:382f31b2-43fc-442d-8afd-2a34e07da2f3}} , {{formula:2116c9e6-9cb3-41d0-98bc-a536e5b912eb}} and {{formula:a4612a0e-e87f-4f52-985c-fa63881af3b4}} and for CIFAR-...
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dea071e32e82b8970c1b5dd0e4fabea2
In contrast, learning-based methods use policies for defining human-like behaviours, which are usually learnt from human demonstrations by matching feature statistics about pedestrians. These methods apply machine learning techniques such as Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) to model the factors that motivate people...
i
2edc9f4718f30b1c34249ddc6e24ea44
In this context, we refer to the class of domain decomposition methods {{cite:9951302cd7a5fe58aa418eb5f8021719f2d1ed9a}}, {{cite:5d90815693e9073cb893ac003ccdbb8e9d02f780}} that are based on such a splitting and instead solve small local problems on (overlapping or non-overlapping) sub-domains. The resulting global mode...
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066ddcc8688006c7b6500d50ea92d8a0
Datasets: All SR models were trained on the training set of the DIV2K {{cite:cf12b139a1ed7cc2b19b4107013e510c2e7e4f87}} dataset with 800 training images. For the evaluation, four benchmark datasets Set5 {{cite:71722170d68d59dbd50d8af686f9627d4c49298f}}, Set14 {{cite:7e894253cb63557a08d90245350df725f8cc7c26}}, B100 {{ci...
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32df2ffd288de2b8829fcf1099cd8883
An immediate example is the family of all graphs having no copy of a fixed graph {{formula:c9e2b6a6-a735-45cc-bff8-25c335cb48d0}} which is a major problem in extremal graph theory. Here, if {{formula:0eedc15a-214b-4bb8-8a97-d09b17f741f4}} is the corresponding Turan numbers then {{formula:2a410bd8-29d3-4020-ba06-7fa05...
i
117ed6507c989012ebec1ea4f32291e2
The evaluation of our model sentence embedding method by {{cite:a7bcdb56f24d90ed09862b3882b7440ad07055b6}} (SIF) has succeeded in (1) reproducing established findings about the method at hand within our scientific and technical domain with its specific data structure, (2) exposing some shortcomings within the evaluatio...
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2cc79028472daa8fb985fa7185ef4bec
We compared our method with state-of-the-art occluded Re-ID methods on widely used occluded Re-ID datasets Occluded-Duke, Partial-REID and Occluded-ReID, including PCB {{cite:f5f280904d46d276d2c04fc5b9559495cbc41919}}, PGFA {{cite:1cfa8b927044d770d8bc34ebbb35e944098d775a}}, OAMN {{cite:722a30f8417f1bb380821aa8d5a1dd415...
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3d1730574da6ff6dfb355900de635723
We are conducting the first large-scale Chandra/ACIS survey of the spiral galaxy population in the Virgo cluster. This project complements and integrates the AMUSE-Virgo survey, which studied the early-type galaxy population of Virgo, a decade ago. We selected a sample of 75 galaxies, including all the largest and most...
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ff6b9bd914dcc4e5b82697007ed98ea9
Data. Between January 2015 and September 2019, patients who underwent imaging for a lymphoproliferative disease were identified. Initially, 584 T2-weighted abdominal MRI scans were downloaded from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Radiology reports for these stud...
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5e2649580c54f00fb62e6eb7131ffc13
When there is only a single item, i.e {{formula:ae5d6603-089b-4e5f-a52d-2baf42722cb0}} , then {{formula:e12b76a6-ffbb-4895-8fcd-9e389fa53d95}} is simply the probability of the set {{formula:cfacd43b-7014-4886-b31c-373ec88679e2}} . It is easy to see that this function is submodular, with means that {{formula:be8ae9b1-e...
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67e677a2ef1f4e9be6f7f6d2f98059fb
The generalisation of this work to nonlinear iterative methods, such as CG {{cite:e33350fc7c750d8f545c6b5b6aa3b8781ffb6ce2}} and other Krylov methods is of interest. These methods are more widely used than stationary iterative methods in modern applications, owing both to their faster convergence and that they only req...
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92f64e3c8eaf53bfd375b8dc5caa43d9
To guarantee that the CBF QP is always feasible, a control invariant set is needed, which is defined as a set in which any trajectory of the dynamic system can stay indefinitely. The concept of control invariant sets has been studied under various background and names, such as viability kernel {{cite:6a5ae7244f2f5e0626...
i
bf40febbce8eca244081e30b93501e9a
where {{formula:e946901e-b9b1-480f-a932-1bc34c02e91a}} and {{formula:54921bd8-c3d5-4a07-b33f-13a2293eba50}} ({{formula:34dec47e-a185-4d16-bf7b-86def942c11f}} being the active flavor numbers) are the one-loop and two-loop {{formula:a4f3bd68-67e3-496d-a3b9-f85c33559fca}} -functions. According to {{formula:78c92e71-7ac...
r
541cfda7650daf65427ebc96382e019c
Studying the collective behavior of individuals in a large group has long been an important research area of statistical physics and relevant fields. The question of “collective action,” the tendency for individuals in a group to forgo short-term selfish behavior in favor of long-term group benefit, has been extensivel...
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4365c223d0bd846099ba81e563088f6b
Our results resolve an emerging puzzle in legal NLP: if legal language is so unique, why have we seen only marginal gains to domain pretraining in law? Our evidence suggests that these results can be explained by the fact that existing legal NLP benchmark tasks are either too easy or not domain matched to the pretraini...
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b846672428b6e1f4d85b644935c474e2
In addition, the path loss is modeled as {{formula:4fd556d2-d382-4a94-8e86-50a3df88a095}} , where {{formula:44f10268-5236-4d09-8f8c-a0124f72963e}} is the distance, {{formula:d3f14214-5dc6-48a6-91ed-4f3c5fc73ad7}} and {{formula:551b1391-4d1c-420d-aca7-91c4f17dd772}} are set as {{formula:57fa3949-7562-422f-bbbe-68d8ce...
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Boolean Networks (BNs) were introduced for this purpose by Kauffman {{cite:5d8439bcd521410e030f789ead6a9f3e1a63f4cb}}. In brief, a BN comprises a set of Boolean variables, each variable representing the on/off state of a gene, while interactions between genes are expressed by Boolean functions. It was found that even r...
i
9edd2d8f266ffd9b6e2a262a8a33544b
Dark energy beyond the cosmological constant is usually modelled with a single scalar field, with prominent examples being quintessence {{cite:cdf1897b585fb7e9e322e4eb035a0ee132e59b2f}} and scalar-tensor gravity {{cite:9f8a8527a427c810e94d970434722fbe083193f1}}. Quintessence is the simplest dynamical dark energy scenar...
i
4efeba8da27eb92a0c22a71fb55696f7
Finally we can turn our attention to convergence properties of the regularization method. For this sake we use an exposition based on {{formula:baf7ba22-10d8-4c30-83bb-38e57f7e38ab}} -convergence (cf. {{cite:792f8a0a113aa40ba08349de0f827eaa27b6c85f}}):
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Google considered up to a depth-five QAOA ansatz on three separate classes of graph problems {{cite:ca9abd3579f18785579404036879a77891f43738}}. Under experimental noise, Google was able to realize functional depth-three ansatz performance whereas depths four and five were critically limited by noise. The depth three an...
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DeepLab v3+ {{cite:2d11c48e621525337638853c8cad3e619f3ed003}} is the state-of-the-art backbone network for semantic segmentation tasks. We evaluate this network here to show that generic semantic segmentation networks do not generalize well to curvilinear structure segmentation.
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A fraction of unexplained variance {{formula:34a46bc3-df7f-4085-bdf0-a6cae12764ee}} is not immediately recognised as a good result. For example, the works {{cite:45d7f7ad90872a29d7e492b8c5ff0237ce48b51c}}, {{cite:e5893a880587a52041da9967f6a5974980db3886}}, {{cite:15e07bacfa0b4a9c4f3cd0dfde02c0314e66ddba}} achieve an u...
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Boltzmann machines {{cite:0f7ca75df3ba8acc0b686df826f11a77e464b539}} are multivariate probabilistic models that are widely used in the field of machine learning. Here, let us consider a Boltzmann machine with {{formula:1a74e4d8-ba61-497d-8188-678bd4aa5c25}} binary variables {{formula:d98fd7e7-3aa5-41fe-8b1f-f9168ce963...
i
a6ba5693c9888e620ca53aa5dc05a009
Despite the success of reinforcement learning (RL), extensive data collection and environment interactions are still required to train the agents {{cite:f4c942f2c1933ab4baad976c6044fef11743fc16}}. In contrast, human beings are capable of learning new skills quickly and generalizing well with limited practice. Therefore...
i
1c0df0253e8f6689f86d1c299d937f92
To evaluate the geometry consistency for a fixed geometry code with varying appearances, we use sparse facial keypoints for evaluation. We measure the standard deviation of 66 facial landmarks computed using an off-the-shelf tool {{cite:30f214029befb6e8ddac9b8938c198d6a0c2e486}} across 100 samples with a shared geometr...
r
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where, {{formula:a4e44b9d-7a77-40f0-b240-1f7bcbd814cb}} is the attitude quaternion (vector first), and {{formula:bac135c1-4f57-4325-a697-3bef3ac40d6e}} is the Davenport matrix denoted as {{formula:9c445f8d-9570-48ce-bc0a-f83ad3efe297}} . Since, {{formula:65057776-1f37-4bb8-9543-94d4c0d0de7e}} is symmetric, the Dave...
m
ea24e74c21985129820ff1fa39532a5b
We note that {{formula:e10d7197-55f9-4e82-9fea-574294fd8eb2}} is nontrivial because {{formula:3e9f3408-eb7d-403a-a67a-26c6aa4a982d}} and a standard rescaling argument enables us to deduce that the Lagrange Multiplier {{formula:4589c8ab-5324-445f-a92e-abdc979bf096}} can be chosen as {{formula:5f361011-53cc-44bc-9e48-...
m
d1c6838ee050183c6c423d758ba8d7c9
We now include two useful results on operator norm bounds of higher-order matrices. The results only require the condition of {{formula:39361f03-2d0d-4030-8363-bd7a69f76e84}} -L4-L2 hypercontractivity (which is directly implied by assump:design—see for example the sub-gaussian moment bounds in {{cite:53ce4c7085b99f7d30...
r
5898bdce4de373534060b1042706e56a
MixUp {{cite:d15f6b0daf3822ffa7bdf12a8d9ad9ce3c618a38}}: We also evaluated the effectiveness of mixup, an effective data argumentation strategy on medical image segmentation, following {{cite:d5af882473d4f47cf68c0018114627801e04c508}}. In this method, we interpolate two labeled images with an index sampled from {{formu...
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69a532af2fa53fc5aa285d78568c22d2
While the combined Search + Generation approach is overall useful, the effect is not consistent across relations: performance improves for some relations and deteriorates for others. In §REF we described the techniques we use to reduce the noise coming from additional queries. These techniques however are rather basic...
r
864b09b8c51d7b9482fc6e8598b78912
In this section, we provide extra experimental results with extensive hyper-parameter settings. We commonly use 128 clients and a lcoal batch size of 32 in all the experiments. The gradual learning rate warmup ({{cite:c142357c77a43a38a065ad97a65fd4fd1d62fb68}}) is also applied to the first 10 epochs in all the experime...
r
e12cabbb67a30451838b78e44fbeaf5b
Differential geometry has been used extensively in the study of higher order asymptotic inference. While there are many references that could be cited here, {{cite:77f2f3a14301c439aaceb985cd2c1de91fe8b3ab}} stands out for its clear description of the role that geometry plays in understanding and simplifying many areas ...
i
db04c37019296e20ca25cd9da62274c1
Model training: For our experiments, four state of the art models, based on three architectural designs are trained from scratch. The first architecture, VGG16 {{cite:59bb58165d7385a92149eb018cd389f57a24ac4a}}, is a convolutional neural network (CNN) with all layers connected in series. The second model is the DenseNet...
m
7813558921521f21630401ff1b1df9c2
Equally unexpected was the observation that increasing the dimension of our embedding affected the accuracy of the GRU model. Overfitting in the embeddings is a potential reason for the GRU's diminished performance. Empirical evidence has indicated that low-dimensional word embeddings are sometimes, but rarely, superio...
d
d0874bdc96b48df4fabb2034a761afc5
The Fisher Information Matrix {{formula:f2587eb4-f7d8-419c-b937-392b0f04bb6f}} of a distribution {{formula:4b3e2574-5c54-4ae1-bb4f-7f422c61e503}} w.r.t. {{formula:4c607913-44cf-4dbb-b9f5-1d2f89863074}} defined in {{cite:86fa0f90084d596da093aeb7ff04dadfc0ebb756}} is: {{formula:104af599-43f3-4c8a-aaf4-3ecbc2bdf785}}
m
f7decb4ea5e2049487a74ffff5cadcdd
Decoder: Earlier works using MVT for dense prediction {{cite:f772f85ac6ca256922841b0a494fe5ec8b5cb165}} upsample feature maps at varying resolutions to a resolution of {{formula:e3cdbfb8-560c-4879-8d21-e52629fdda7e}} , and reduce their channel dimensions to {{formula:769f4678-3cbf-40e6-ac0d-0f0060c35f46}} using {{form...
m
ac546a2c299bcceadcb9b43b8a2b6abe
Lemma 1 {{cite:00660f0593499f8c4500ff912e4217ae24f48454}} Let {{formula:44e7de11-d983-4eab-a165-3721ab08dd46}} be an anticommutative algebra with {{formula:e802763f-bc03-47db-9f54-d3e54657d7f2}} . Then there exists, up to isomorphism, a unique anticommutative algebra {{formula:a337e940-5194-44d3-b054-4ecd4c1f767f}} , ...
m
04d9ce71396abeaa2b97cf9fdc94b542
These lectures are meant to be self-contained, but we necessarily omit numerous details, while trying to make clear the basic ideas and results. More complete accounts of cosmology and its particle-physics aspects may be found in various books {{cite:04d250920936aad407eb184dd16885de3e74b54c}}, {{cite:1d955094b720a3c750...
i
90286490e1c83f5f7aaaf79e6cb0c5a7
Despite the incredible success of neural network function approximation in reinforcement learning environments {{cite:c5e7fe0ef20ff9ef9703bf53b51f56092122f815}}, {{cite:77c39099ad783b09f1e626edf81a3d0ae294a0af}}, {{cite:32e0e31b72949ab98f9a0049cbcee292924836fe}}, search algorithms have largely remained tabular, as can ...
d
ed30ec6d249147900fb54333da471e31
Retrieval augmented models (RAM). We compared with a recent retrieval-augmented method named KFCNet {{cite:0763dd289018014d6334d1c9b1e094dc21a2acf2}} for constraint commonsense generation. In addition, we also compared with using sparse retriever such as BM25 to retrieve knowledge from our constructed commonsense corpu...
m
4f649ecebf0c893784b1a32bebd3c400
We also show the comparison of the convergence speed of applying different pre-trained models in method MGN {{cite:675f798fbfc8689413da89f5580fff1d5164cd45}} at the early stage of fine-tuning in Figure REF . As can be seen, UP-ReID achieves a faster convergence rapidity compared with Moco and INSUP on all the three dat...
r
7e1c04b22f3851780c7f92189339eea4
Stable matching algorithms have applications in several real-world problems. For instance, stable matchings have been extensively used to match students to schools and colleges {{cite:c14c3d7e36fa373b600e4ccf50e3882a46c884f1}}, {{cite:30146fd10a2c436dfad293a7bf5a72a39c9690e7}} and one of the oldest applications here is...
i
f774f931f202fe02be2721ad28428688
The gray region was excluded by the neutrino observation from the galactic center by the SK {{cite:53481265baa934fa45beaa5b2f87dca87c1cec02}}. The dashed gray line represents the future prospects of the HK with gadolinium 10 years observation {{cite:2f4a939c6604644df969bdf84405d15473aa13c5}}. One can find that the sens...
r
4768e51e341fbb8c1ec04957418f4486
where {{formula:7666ea8d-0fe0-4593-abe3-3cd1cd6f795f}} is a discount factor for multi-step rewards, and {{formula:ba8a8317-06c0-459e-bf2f-19dbe989f835}} is a learning rate. Equation REF shows that the state transition reward is passed back to the starting state. In activities such as maze traversal or board games, b...
d
f34ff4bb5d5b9fbb7574b1b7a442e7a6
Finally, the new/modified forces G3(M) and IOPB-I(M) were applied to neutron star matter to determine mass {{formula:0e040a02-ecf9-4937-8429-563374b63253}} and radius {{formula:b37fbedb-7517-4555-af56-4c0d2fd30576}} . The {{formula:743d996c-1876-4573-8df1-b3a1f162fb89}} profile with the old/original and the new/modif...
r
643ad591bf1ea76a8fdafbb445a54ee5
We use the CosmoMC {{cite:80bccb3f43569b4efe5df53a8ba73a0267661845}} and CAMB {{cite:536a52bdefdfa67ea4cb867968e17955c03873ba}} packages to study the constraints on cosmological parameters at the background level of our specific model in this section. The CosmoMC package is a MCMC engine, which can be used to explore t...
r
02532d1f9522bd49b94c3d1a23b4f911
Sampling methods, or also often called Monte Carlo methods, are another family of Bayesian inference algorithms that represent uncertainty without a parametric model. Specifically, sampling methods use a set of hypotheses (or samples) drawn from the distribution and offer an advantage that the representation itself is ...
m
93e64b464ced72ebe6b0a0a0d394902d
We assume that the stirring planet is located interior to the inner edge of the disc. The stirring timescale decreases with planet mass {{formula:1ec1bc41-3110-4f08-a845-5789860bdb66}} , and increases with the outer radius of the disc; a lower-bound on stirring planet mass is therefore the planet mass that is just suff...
m
e23f12a66a17e1327b2eff34efe31691
At NNLO and beyond, several subtraction schemes have been proposed in the past years. These schemes mostly fit into two categories: local methods and slicing methods. The latter are based on partitions of the phase space into hard regions and infrared-sensitive regions, where the cancellation of divergences is performe...
i
a24082f17d8019c8974fd6a035c9d89d
Dataset. We use Voxceleb2 {{cite:2dc14abfba389aef8258ff1d5255bebcf3cf2efd}} dataset collected from the wild for training and test, which is a popularly used dataset in previous works {{cite:4de3c783e0938ea04c284b5f3cc905a0f6c8a8b2}}, {{cite:071dbcdb41ad69036ca92806ec5e8a3f7a1ba159}}, {{cite:200b089c67d692797f28947890c9...
r
09d74a7ba6d45cc3b05e9ee66a3bc913
To conclude, neuroscience research is at an exciting junction. On the one hand, new technologies are being built promising bigger and more complex datasets to help understand brain function {{cite:7cd634ef3dc49b60f8da0496c1a0126dfe29543a}}, {{cite:1cbcd3e9e296d234bbb259336cfd6e01b7338ec4}}, {{cite:3a441617ab5aa5f56945e...
d
060635b62a1755697a0e1fd609f127e8
{{formula:b9d38e9b-6c13-4d80-b393-a272800e79fb}} and {{formula:cb407eda-a1aa-4eec-a3df-08bba1460dff}} are important quantities for characterizing a network. Given a network several inequalities can be constructed from Eq.(REF ) using different {{formula:53606959-1c72-4bce-b5a6-03ade49d000a}} and {{formula:53d83da0-1...
r
058c4ae9c519e180883f450d5348798b
Trading and portfolio management systems require prior decisions as input to properly consider the effect of transaction costs, market impact, and taxes. This temporal dependence on the system state requires the use of reinforcement versions of standard recurrent learning algorithms. {{cite:3db310bc334b7bb7221d25d2bc90...
m
58e5514a598b9c03153d96ea86459657
Kernel methods generalize classical statistical methods to discover non-linear patterns in data . They have been demonstrated to achieve state-of-the-art results in many application domains and it is straightforward to apply them to non-numeric data, such as graphs or text , . Through a near arbitrary non-linear mappin...
i
b7c3eafc44c5c8ef6c76a8260b0b8618