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A promising direction that could allow us to make progress with computing the inner product measure is rooted in the BKL conjecture, which states that as one approaches a space-like singularity, spatial derivatives become negligible {{cite:da778f700dec2a4b7e4a5aa7217ea625f38c6471}}. In the context of the Kodama state, ...
d
60df26057fd7ea4bdaeed549978814ee
Along with the success of unsupervised pretraining applied in deep learning, others are studying unsupervised learning algorithms for generative models, such as Deep Belief Networks (DBN) and Denoised Auto-encoders (DA) {{cite:90e6789a0faa30851a2d9d3609ce82ff709cef44}}, {{cite:845504b2ee11a6b81ce998413fc49dcb4d008338}}...
i
9f993b0f993dc3510d4758c0fea8bf53
When a vessel containing a liquid is subjected to vertical oscillation, nonlinear standing waves form on the liquid interface, which were first reported by Michael Faraday {{cite:c32d00a1655afc2e3611f69b21f74c36e397c460}} and are called "Faraday Waves" after him. Many studies have been performed on Faraday waves, inves...
i
9bad4622a357c707a23364fd4bcaafef
In this work we focus on evaluating the expected information gain (EIG), a commonly used utility function in Bayesian optimal experiment design (BOED) {{cite:19f25a224d3b13f190a26cd2e3b5ce380b8aee9d}}, {{cite:6483c497464ea6db7adf3b18d7aee2edcc349947}}. We specify our model, composed of a likelihood and prior {{formula:...
i
967446855a515fca5a94fbc6e91d7b30
As the average probability {{formula:42a051cb-3181-4836-8ce8-055dac272006}} of {{formula:c1709cca-9da7-4665-a3fa-b7dd7ca64a28}} and 10 shown in Fig. REF , REF and REF , we can clearly see that as {{formula:3747bc0a-754c-407d-ad37-bbadd948dd5d}} increases, the transition is becoming increasingly abrupt near the crit...
r
14767acbc2b13843e483a8dbe42abb52
water, resulting in an aggregate degree of child poverty between 0 and 7 with 0 indicating no poverty and 7 indicating severe poverty. Due to the sensitive nature and the accompanying ethical considerations, the IMF dataset is not made publicly available and can be requested upon from the original authors of {{cite:02...
r
e7e46713256c769d29f06575e0d31aa6
A wide range of important work actually trust SentEval {{cite:c277b4da6d500760f81885eaee94e0732dfb7dd8}}, {{cite:bd9b917a2245d4300e262f56809fbef4a72df821}}, {{cite:f82caca027112bc8cbf15a85afd1431c55c27f18}}, {{cite:f4ede6475a6dc6a815b1bbc3ae7ed04974e9d418}} or GLUE {{cite:6c41f38aa1aaee6ef91316464da69e9766a75eb0}} in o...
i
92c09138c2e6664737a59d26948db700
The exponent {{formula:4c43b32d-668f-43dc-90de-7f22ea81ab9d}} = 0.6 is close to 1/{{formula:056ae0b8-1e4e-4c06-9563-90f1698305ad}} for the non-degenerate Fermi gas with {{formula:04943348-83de-4d8b-8ac1-9ffa5381adb5}}  {{cite:9e95cba56c223465a2f200211fc0c206a753cd0a}}, {{cite:914ad666f435caed49bde884bce62f87e545d514}...
d
dd264213ea240087ce17c223be9d9272
Multimodal methods. We evaluate two varieties of multimodal models: i) unimodal pretrained and ii) multimodal pretrained. In the unimodal pretrained category we explore MMBT {{cite:e8432eaddbf63656eebcc6abadbdd7f9f1104aae}}, MoViE+MCAN {{cite:4e3f090a27f5ef2b26edcaae217f3154ee82e158}} and UniT {{cite:30ced543abd79a1988...
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a95a3454b07cea543aa4b0a0b1d203f8
Semantic label to face generation. The quantitative results for semantic face generation on the FFHQ and CelebA datasets can be found in Tables REF and REF , respectively. As the choice of comparison methods, we use the current state-of-the-art method for semantic face generation TediGAN {{cite:c5c85813ed1a15ee76eff60...
d
380eba1f635a3ec39a68c76d9f713bc0
Finally, we return to the question of whether rotating the applied field away from the {{formula:f953aca5-77df-4713-8198-cf752d43456f}} axis will break the VL domain degeneracy within the L phase. Such an effect was previously observed in TmNi{{formula:8149724b-8b21-4597-928a-265c1b598802}} B{{formula:514323dc-a462-49...
d
f8d2d9dae7efe88981c1e50ef7229013
The policy is trained with a Huber loss ({{formula:5c0fa57c-d9e1-4b01-a7d5-3a1feccf2509}} ), that in practice is usually just an MSE loss, since predictions almost always lie within {{formula:a6dceb0d-223d-4711-8684-e4b87de8d6a1}} . A deterministic policy trained with mean-squared error can be viewed as max likelihood...
r
52e1c9920a57dc17ece51b0052ae62c1
The mean average precision (mAP) results comparing with state-of-the-art methods are shown in Table REF . The CNNH {{cite:dec23ffe2d8651ace04f4b511ee02c5d10503af1}}, DNNH {{cite:97d96dc337f2fb92ccbb07bd1ce7efa89bcd8a04}}, DHN {{cite:3903a399de76c85f164bc7bbfbdb4d13770aaac1}}, HashNet {{cite:369551173cc8ce173f976ed49127...
m
3d9d9cf06cf4f6c1e7e2be28544dc2d5
(i) Root Count: Consider the example system (taken from  {{cite:c6866f42917230a7560cabb0c61293c80d46cc85}}) with two unknown variables {{formula:591fca45-55e5-49f1-8cc9-1c55e18d5ed7}} and with 4 solutions. {{formula:81e7ab21-affe-4f3e-8ebe-8cf25b6d90c5}}
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f90b4eb992378395c3bcbb923e4a99f0
Nonetheless, there are several directions towards which our results may be improved which we aim at investigating in the future. First, future work will be devoted to adding explicit dynamic reasoning withing the neural network, for example by introducing recurrent layers {{cite:e28546d4101bb570cde5e3045f5490cc031524e7...
d
05a22863b015ebfe96d56535c98d0c64
Differential rotation on tides should also be taken into account, as it affects propagation of gravito-inertial waves, leading to a large variety of resonant cavities as well as chaotic zones {{cite:fe33520fff5f005a93664c8fd4df80a41f0f96cf}}, {{cite:c7093aba620cb4822bdd6a672627904a38853dd3}}. It also allows the deposit...
d
f0dde0b5f504226170b4d821bf131d86
In Fig. REF the mean and standard deviation of the {{formula:7aee4d84-45ce-4eb6-a611-1bf979f79129}} spectra are compared for pp, p==Pb and Pb==Pb collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of {{formula:14a2ff9d-2f3e-401d-a06d-4ec7344230ab}} . All three collision systems have similar values at {{for...
r
fb4922a3b15b1b86203186416b9ace5c
The inception of deep neural networks has revolutionized the landscape of medical image segmentation {{cite:527f6cdbce3e32f393c5005c8f6a4fe58ef682d0}}, {{cite:d66c24202c59ad47130ef335a6f8ac909badb028}}, {{cite:59b4b56ed873d7a1e9053c28136b99892db10626}}. Despite their tremendous success, however, depriving them of suffi...
i
493a3407e5b2f3b559667721d81b772a
+ Cutout {{cite:2d3adb4be9993263cd366c1e24bdd5918ac98efc}} - - - {{formula:1dab5b94-5507-4b01-b366-869c51762ff1}}
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fcafdbdea5fd071fa8866034c7307093
There is widespread agreement that there are limitations to network generalization {{cite:90ab722e02caf2e33ea1ced8cc54a59da7f1c282}}. There is also consensus that modern artificial networks do not generalize as well or in the same way as humans {{cite:a841b3e0ed6bcd5a588253bd1567d1375f2666fb}}. There are conflicting vi...
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9c307376850716940b2d0891c79aaba3
Neural-network image classifiers are well-known to be susceptible to adversarial examples—images that are perturbed in a way that is largely imperceptable to humans but that cause the neural network to make misclassifications. Much research has gone into methods for constructing adverarial examples in order to understa...
i
3628f60e20c62384c3d17ba2107141f6
The strong interaction in a fully heavy multiquark state is not clear at present. The Chromomagnetic Interaction (CMI) model provides us a simply picture to quantitatively understand the spectrum of multiquark states. In the framework of CMI model {{cite:7f24989299b7a49302980c76bc6e2d336886e467}}, the strong interactio...
i
9837ff53f018c0f2a8a6bfdeb25c984f
Note that our problem formulation is same as that of existing works with the distinction that we replace the requirement of a large-scale corpus by the availability of pre-trained word embeddings. This makes our setting more appealing and flexible, as pre-trained embeddings are widely available (e.g., word2vec, Glove, ...
i
383aa54556ded0d3a71d0cfc59b5bb54
We compare our method with DENet {{cite:0ac20a8d8c59848da79c2a710fb07e893e0becdc}}, CAPL {{cite:d02424dba819075252059625b5795ba848f01ec2}}, PFENet {{cite:1e0107c7bbf058c7521836a384e75a054464aa7e}} and ACASTLE {{cite:ccb7fcc643f1684a3b9f3d31554e000962db7142}}. DENet and CAPL are two state-of-the-art GFSS methods. PFENet...
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44a0b240aabe97f0b2424aabe377c987
Previous research on supporting user goals on the web has primarily sought to understand and categorize a person's intent manifested through search queries. In their seminal studies, {{cite:a14f08f2ae02c2c0af277ae2eb2871afc5de6efc}} and {{cite:5576e6849bb27ae5be46fa91beceaa3506c53c55}} classified the goal of a user que...
i
79470c87d446d4403aad37f8e8645932
We used a rather general approach to analytical evaluation of the 2-point and 4-point zig-zag diagrams. This approach leads to a fairly simple proof of the Broadhurst-Kreimer conjecture that is different from the proof of {{cite:a9d48067d1f4e0c43f73c221e59a0285e042a99e}}. Here we make use the operator formalism {{cite:...
i
1ae80d28b9faa87b433fde062758c301
The symmetric Lanczos {{cite:8754e9dd06eb0682a56f4455b4b7995b98b05c2b}} and the GK algorithms are closely related: indeed, multiplying the first expression in (REF ) from the left by {{formula:40d5dd52-fc42-4b2a-a38e-9bdda15ec7b5}} , and using again the second equation in (REF ), one obtains {{formula:10047f45-4a83-4f9...
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c5080888e076aa5fc20fa5a7a72be12a
Application to Performance estimation problems (PEPs). PEPs were introduced by {{cite:840c49cfabee540c8ab2ec8e3177a734d94b7c2b}} for developing new analyses of first-order methods; see also {{cite:18bd9b6e419785a8e2c04194f61ce016a0010bb1}}, {{cite:84e9e87af300271ea2f40a2517f0085757859fa4}} for the first works on this t...
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f2db8f14db466f8aaa5fb74cc555165a
A matrix with real number entries is said to be totally nonnegative if each of its minors is nonnegative. Totally nonnegative matrices arise in many different settings, for example, oscillations in mechanical systems, stochastic processes and approximation theory, Pólya frequency sequences, representation theory, plana...
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a06bf6d9cb04f5989118dc0161a46429
To investigate if early warning signals are vulnerable to this fallacy, we simulate a system that is not driven towards a bifurcation such as in Fig reffig:1(b). This simulation approach allows us to determine whether examining historical events is a valid way to test the utility of these indicators. We simulated 20,00...
m
698acfb3b0f701994b6b07bec4bc7965
We want to evaluate if our method qualitatively improves upon ILO {{cite:072aa8697aa30c37d7c522369c02c42c45ce5021}} which is the previous state-of-the-art method for solving inverse problems with pre-trained generators. We also compare with vanilla CSGM {{cite:5ae1771503323a77674c2adec5430e777a755377}} which performs m...
r
3f718ba3c487f6037b178b1c13417aa5
The special case {{formula:676a3110-e92b-4f52-a465-aefa739d9945}} corresponds to the ultraspherical or Gegenbauer polynomials {{formula:f64b29ed-2ea4-4dd4-8315-7c5b3cac85a8}} with slightly different normalization, and the case {{formula:7bece5eb-7778-4e33-8484-da362b1e6eb5}} corresponds to the Legendre polynomials (...
i
b5fde6f1f67df9f22134f6aacf230d3b
Based on the impact parameter analysis of Swift bursts, the corresponding volumetric rate density is {{formula:0e4f11b2-b94c-4116-877a-4ece41215bf9}}  {{formula:09ad4aed-d62b-46fb-bdd8-d6566ec2ffe5}} . This falls below the {{formula:ea6eb8bd-ad87-400b-9671-ae03399e62cb}} range estimated for NSNS mergers by {{cite:0ab9...
d
a95d8d701dae53fb2b8bdecc7910668f
With other parametrizations, relative contributions of horizon and dark energy entropy decide the evolution of total entropy. The signs of {{formula:8dfc6ff5-c561-461b-9fd0-d541275cd0bb}} and {{formula:557f603d-24d4-4e0e-b6df-10f9016060f7}} are decided by the terms ({{formula:3eca5dc8-0fbc-4103-a40c-765aef268e92}} ) ...
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935839d836795470a2cbcf1ce8463705
It is hard to exaggerate the importance that fairness has now taken within Machine Learning (ML) {{cite:c3056bc66f0f48c9781734b234e3f6bfe0653c2d}}, {{cite:048133cc7e6e32fb1eb182b6bc4601dab50af504}}, {{cite:2d716777e06ea21e40ea232303a73072f9ff9e3a}} (and references therein). ML being a data processing field, a common up...
i
6e60d3a6a28b98a1099d675832b8a7d2
Several theoretical methods have been developed for the global polarization. These theoretical methods can be roughly put into three categories. One category is related to the quantum statistical theory for particle systems with spin degrees of freedom in equilibrium {{cite:ea83158f3f694d0c159b4639e753519d59ca8b45}}, {...
i
04ab31bf6c599ea2f23bd4a4734db388
Throughout this paper, we use the 2018 cosmology as our fiducial cosmology. We take the values given in Table 2, in the column 6 (best-fit with BAO), of {{cite:faf2a6b748ad7fad05a12ab8d0581c68c2d3e3e2}}. We use the following naming conventions: observable refers to a spherical 2D field built on measured quantities, suc...
i
370560535d799e4dd7335dcc9c4ddfd1
Integrated Gradients. Gradient explanations are often noisy and suffer from saturation problems {{cite:4bc83980c609b5b14243c852df077e39cab9b97b}}. Integrated gradients addresses the gradient saturation problem by averaging the gradients over a set of interpolated inputs derived using node {{formula:f0693d8f-1a04-4687-b...
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0824bfc719b8ed9fdb9049c258f4adc3
LOCCNet not only unifies and extends the existing LOCC protocols, but also sheds light on the power and limitation of LOCC in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era {{cite:c9c81b2e460c8591e714120a53d5a123207cc822}} by providing a plethora of examples. We developed improved protocols for entanglement distillati...
d
91d35a82bd76afc823352625cd98bda6
In real-world situations, running randomized controlled trials uncovering causal relationships for BN can be costly and time consuming. Sometimes, it is even impossible due to ethical concerns. Thus, it has been of great interest to develop statistical methods to infer the structure of BN purely based on observed data....
i
e2459e8755b4b52eb390ebb1a34f4317
Remark 1.2 In the development of this article, we learned that the authors of {{cite:953d04ea12e60a92854f285f9bcb9aef33e5bb5e}} were also studying holomorphic symplectic structures on augmentation varieties, working on a different construction with plabic graphs. Their work is yet to appear but, once it does, it would ...
r
da0f1464ea8ec9d60b1f11fceb3cb456
Although several algorithms exist for training NN models, the backpropagation algorithm {{cite:3d156d0b060d7284f270fd0d01397d33411cd24a}}, {{cite:f535d01efd639ce974f4f4a6d27f9a512958bfd5}} with stochastic gradient descent (or variants thereof {{cite:caa4991ba1a5fcb0da153be83b876d03e0bf0185}}) has been established as a ...
i
e63986bc872f251ac776933373bca682
In addition to the results shown above, we also present qualitative correspondence results between neural implicit fields and real-world data in the supplementary. More specifically, in Section 5 of the supplementary, we show qualitative interpolation and correspondence results between implicitly defined surfaces. Then...
r
521537ba45671b0454b0a0d048e23365
Inspired by recent research {{cite:8fac9444d4996db26fa03ae7a0ed7851a52234dd}}, {{cite:884275d1bdf4f97550a99748b4d8840a116053f7}}, in this paper we present an optimal control and inverse optimal control based method for interactive motion planning in automated driving highway merging. Our method not only incorporates th...
i
5371d454ef3f0d52e500ce8a139f228f
Several prior studies have considered the role of directionality in population structure on the spread of mutant types {{cite:ca73af6ffa4b9973a4897e81af851c4cd1f28919}}, {{cite:e72ea306afb4516465b08e354c038f6a38c14908}}, {{cite:fcb6d437d9bfd69569d3f56d726f3073d2ed1dab}}, {{cite:f76fd9c39fbc8bdd4141ebcba0d83bb1badb1d22}...
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46a0088c52960a0bf29d511e240b65a5
There are situations, however, when even higher-order numerical approximations ({{formula:209b74da-7e0b-49c7-bdc4-a2dd9ce1281c}} ) are required, for instance in problems arising in astrodynamics. In that case, although generic splitting methods exist, they involve such a large number of elementary flows {{formula:e5c34...
i
3cb0029287f91ec5ef7991f325cf2337
We in no way claim that CHAMP resolves all of the problems with modularity-based methods(see, e.g., the discussion in {{cite:2fae793edf0531a7f8a1a69f58b38bc8a6f5df93}}). And CHAMP is certainly not the only way to try to process different results across various resolution parameters (see again the Introduction). However...
d
8ec6ebc095e32c24f3c25b1841bdb685
Theorem 9 (Hoeffding Bound, {{cite:365b7a9e1c224b2448fab3798e54a79d09affdf3}}) Let {{formula:dcd8a853-9a39-4c94-852c-7630bef0e651}} be independent random variables. Assume {{formula:a9194299-7aa1-47a9-9eb9-b23445025639}} has mean {{formula:999d0bd9-13e5-4a26-8c12-33a20cfbe493}} and sub-Gaussian parameter {{formula:...
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810f943b221ea3a2f358465c97d8c6e4
Though the focus has been on the applications of fluid dynamics near local equilibrium of the system by using the gradient expansion, it is important to explore whether the applicability can also be extended to fluid dynamics far from local equilibrium {{cite:ecbb1fb679601c84f0a5b83eb22f77e9dd604152}}. This issue has o...
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4943c0761298b8d796d695a90350497c
The code employed for this article, ASDG, can identify the connection between a paper and an SDG through its abstract. It uses four different models: Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) {{cite:d959994775a133fe0bbffb76ac6585fa942beb0a}}, Distributed Representations of Topics (Top2Vec) {{cite:3187b4aa355393aa5c98dcd4...
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Whole Heart Segmentation Dataset {{cite:81391d65998dec5833144bb471384f81af5d4a48}}. In total, this dataset provided 120 multi-modality whole heart images from multiple sites, including 60 cardiac CT. We selected the CT images and split 20 images to form the training set, and the remaining 40 to form the test set. We pa...
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76e3f4373dd3ccbeead65c65f9ad8e60
A consequence of the above scenario for water formation is that the D/H ratio of water could depend on the physical conditions in the molecular cloud and prestellar core prior to and during the protostellar collapse. Lower temperatures or a longer duration of the deeply embedded phase would increase the D/H ratio obser...
i
3eafe04e3455cb70ced215c2d527e8bf
In the distributed optimization problems mentioned above, the agents decide the same variable while need to reach consensus on the optimal decision. However, in other scenarios, each agent only decides its own variable but the objective function of each agent is related to other agents' decisions through an aggregated ...
i
7df3ba30429a1e87353407c2cb467fe2
(i) How to directly analyze for {{formula:02124a21-d1b1-46a7-8c75-ebc51c00831d}} in Section ? In this case, main difficulties have been described in Remark REF . Besides, after opening lens, we have to deal with the singularities at {{formula:995002ab-c0bb-45f9-b35e-a6faccb1293b}} under the second jump factorization...
d
6c6e38d7471c43a1b4d41bf0ee4c7fb8
Where {{formula:1d338bd3-185e-49e2-8943-25a4262e78f6}} is the sigmoid function and K is number of negative samples, typically 5, and {{formula:25938c58-d9b1-4b53-ad61-19d0c8ebcf8e}} is a probability distribution over {{formula:d12b9250-7aec-4ffc-a623-ac6acada56ac}} . It is often based on the degree of {{formula:4ed4d...
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015b3868f98e9cec28b67515b01e02ca
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method, we train all classifiers using the standard cross-entropy loss and our modified loss and compare post-hoc OOD detection methods across three NAS datasets. Specifically, we present the results of the confidence-based (i.e., MSP and ODIN) and the distance-based me...
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e86baeeb84bd5283456c0225932fa12b
While research on noise robust methods for single-label classification is well established in the CV community, with consistent definitions of label noise and benchmark datasets, most research conducted in the multi-label case appears to be more heterogeneous. Some research fields treat multi-label noise partially, wit...
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39c67cb7b682519855afce535a8a694d
A second ingredient to the distinct behavior of positive and negative disclinations is the asymmetric dependence of conformal crystal structure on the sign of topological charge. As described in Sec. REF , disclinations act monopole sources for conformal distortions of {{formula:c4d082c0-32ee-4543-a32b-13e49897772c}} ,...
d
f784e7c09ca5e45120831e4d1a0eb576
By studying the three-body hadronic {{formula:fe7619d4-7397-47af-b3cd-f3dbaf21c2be}} meson decays involving {{formula:6d50355a-6479-4081-b604-0e58986c280b}} , one could provide the constraint on the unitary triangle {{cite:2fc8efa20cdd89b6d39498f9381aa4135c8ed88e}}, {{cite:5db5906cd3a417c039d993a4222f3fc59be3fac6}}, {...
i
53b61ee272503a63d666bf78bbe5098f
Transferability with regards to machine learning technique: Transferability of adversarial samples {{cite:eee2e77b6d1d5a5aceaa626df20dc1abb6526754}} {{cite:d3c05bf5fd641cddb51c68eb594f3e329ac73fe7}} has been shown to be more effective with targeted adversarial samples {{cite:54469159e35938949297c4540298d39efaa17c7f}}. ...
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75303d10b74744efc37477751c37cc86
A multilayer approach has been recently suggested to offer a better description of various real-world networks {{cite:27daab30bef2a2e2b0c695f5ef0b63e7efd7d057}}, {{cite:8e9689745c506e1f33dea1eca917fb05c039a677}}, {{cite:ba00a6a2ba59839e9aaec7c76ebfdfeeeb578161}}. In multilayer networks the nodes are distributed in diff...
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We perform a global analysis of all the observables discussed in Section  within a Bayesian framework, using the publicly available HEPfit package {{cite:d1642fab88b841ae996ae9aca1f91e50eeaeca4e}}, whose Markov Chain Monte Carlo determination of posteriors is powered by the Bayesian Analysis Toolkit (BAT) {{cite:23b19e...
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c4eb8c0e8e35c4ae6fefc3e74684495c
To address this problem, we propose our framework, Alignment-Aware Acoustic-Text Pretraining (A{{formula:ef93d5db-d83a-4ec3-83ca-c142770f538a}} T), where we introduce cross-modal alignment embeddings which make the model easier to learn the alignment between the acoustic and phoneme input during multi-modal pretraining...
i
c9acd29ec3e9b58857d339ca851e82ee
An important future direction is to study how quantum advantage becomes evident when we replace classical algorithms leveraging the powerful SQ access with measurement data access. It is likely that various learning tasks considered to have no exponential quantum advantage are thought of as such due to the power of SQ ...
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57f96015e6892a0fcea457a33fdfa04c
Testing this hypothesis proves to be a formidable task for the present possibilities. The same mechanism underlying the flavor vacuum condensation is responsible for QFT modifications to the neutrino oscillation formulas. Yet these modifications are mostly negligible except for non-relativistc neutrinos {{formula:9bc88...
i
ffa6dbb21dbc2d84522f99b83afc5afa
Remark: Concurrently and independently from this paper, {{cite:f72a1881b2367d1118cba541c8b67e03878a9840}} recently achieved a parallel algorithm with {{formula:1003fab4-152c-4d06-b249-76635f86786d}} depth and {{formula:c6308ebc-e43b-4f41-ad68-0d61de4a8451}} work by parallelizing the sequential algorithm of {{cite:ed1...
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41afb5c798059c6fe777e97263105093
With Assumption REF on {{formula:cc6a0f39-1fa7-4b64-bfe6-d9c2e92968ac}} -smoothness and {{formula:1a975854-e53a-448d-a4bf-3bf75b9ead40}} -strong convexity of {{formula:9a55fdb3-de18-4323-b03e-ee4d334e7f81}} , according to {{cite:2248992355268d1a65c9aafaec42c0c13c60c410}}[Theorems 2.1.5, 2.1.10, and 2.1.12], we have th...
r
06ecc79c304798f06ca492df4f4bbb04
The experimental setup is inspired by the one proposed in {{formula:9faf5955-0e3d-4ad3-8309-d147cbf39278}} {{cite:972453db4295fc785ee30b269efdc72b1956ab13}}. Each dataset of 1000 classes is split into {{formula:500a9207-881a-4ffa-a214-eefd209fa018}} incremental states. Each incremental state adds a batch of {{formula...
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37208e629982f9529943012152c2611c
If we use the amplitude amplification procedure {{cite:a260b21cbc0831fdab60dad07fcac6dcecc6f672}}, the time complexity of the search algorithm is {{formula:1cfa0717-3fea-4a46-a87e-4fcd8f159f47}} . Using Eqs. (REF ) and (REF ), the total running time with success probability {{formula:d73c0eae-61c5-4025-8562-34f51762287...
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6ae21b9a4b6a38f6b3a30553c0bca2de
We use the fermion mass ratios, mixing angles and CP violation phases to construct the {{formula:81ce405e-400e-4641-afd7-42025712e868}} function, the experimental data of the leptons and quarks are summarized in table REF . The data of the lepton mixing parameters are taken from the latest global fit of NuFIT v5.0 inc...
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4e38eaab9beaec2b396dca40319a2d67
The physics of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors, such as MoSe{{formula:b696f893-fdf2-48c8-b43f-22ce3c443563}} , has has been widely investigated. Review articles include Refs. wang-etal.12,schaibley-etal.16,choi-etal.16,manzeli-etal.17,berkelbach-reichman.18,mueller-malic.2018. Examples of...
i
da2c94d157562b66e5e99db47a6e6215
We compare the error exponent {{formula:b0c67567-fdb8-41ef-a7ef-f3e3a92decb0}} given in Theorem REF corresponding to list decoding with list size {{formula:ab48dfd5-7c48-4812-82eb-1061e5965e64}} for the random matrix ensemble {{formula:352302f1-575d-473d-8226-214ae873e619}} with {{formula:6669d0e1-9375-4063-9dde-bd...
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ba27d4e57e21c527a6137fdf0c8e8ede
We remark that finding {{formula:149e4f26-4036-40df-8878-162cd4a42d6e}} and {{formula:6f44b6c6-ccc3-49c4-b2ae-35d53ddfbd61}} in unambiguously discriminating separable quantum states can be useful in studying the phenomenon of nonlocality without entanglement(NLWE){{cite:cac2056f7201698ac189ee6755daeb51f89bafc4}}. For...
d
0c090b912497b365dc351a8c6e5bc59d
and we also consider {{formula:8aad1ce4-a4d0-4881-93a2-acc6cba84e6f}} that involves derivatives up to {{formula:0bbbab57-3e78-4882-a6c2-b56b26c861ce}} order for a positive integer {{formula:f8ef3e90-09a8-453f-a214-49cd69232d67}} . There is a reason that we consider only derivatives in the {{formula:5c53ba37-c0f9-42ce...
i
6121689548cf306aaf0f7a92b8d2dec5
where {{formula:f1a1d15a-0760-4374-a9eb-5b23ac7e49f4}} are the eigenfunctions of {{formula:586b9478-8a7a-4dce-9beb-1082978a17ad}} , {{formula:64410d4c-d910-4a5d-b205-361ebf47c160}} are the eigenvalues of the corresponding Floquet Hamiltonian, and the last equation follows from Eq. REF . This procedure thus allows acc...
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b7b87e31abeb4a417c2943b20634287c
which avoids singularities as the denominator in Eq. (REF ) is strictly positive for {{formula:bf7de4af-6fb4-47cf-9941-5d628ba2d271}} . The implementation of Eq.  on commonly used learning packages with auto-differentiable features, such as Pytorch {{cite:1ba9b4d9426033bf9ed9244a94e3bc5b7c2490c8}} or JAX {{cite:aacf1b...
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54385d89c9212c9c0a062a25c3eb0477
A prevailing method to improve the model robustness against adversarial attacks is adversarial training {{cite:1e6622228b3208b486ed8c4da0b3e9dfb571140d}}. In adversarial training, each batch of data is augmented by adding corresponding adversarial examples of the same batch. In NLP, adversarial training in the input sp...
i
f40135acaacaf826a18b901acae97a11
Theorem 2.1 ({{cite:19878d8cbfe36e475fa4ef2ab500e6a12e3bcc49}}, page 344) For {{formula:6ce1319d-0751-475e-a268-a405a4aae510}} , let {{formula:d7b1edee-9dd7-462b-a89f-99fc008b1ace}} , {{formula:0c7cc9c9-d085-4dce-9556-690688281164}} and {{formula:799e956d-23ed-4e09-bf70-34e6e90b8a99}} . Then the problem {{formula:67...
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3e9fbb2289fd7eef3206bf338bf1a84a
Moment restrictions identify a parameter of interest by restricting the expectation value of so-called moment functions, which depend on the parameter and random variables representing the underlying noisy data generating process. Important problems in causal inference, economics, and generally robust machine learning ...
i
b90050842c478d573ef846e7a5398f52
However, it is not surprising that the CME is significantly more efficient for the amplification of PMFs than in the case of the axion interaction with magnetic fields. In the induction Eq. (REF ), the helicity parameter {{formula:20d00020-7df6-4251-bae6-cf057cd303ce}} , that enters there the PMF instability term {{for...
d
27d7ff8b37f6c14939105690e8664231
Considering that learning the end-to-end translation between RLRD to HRD from unpaired LR-HR data is challenging, part of the one-stage domain translation-based RSISR methods {{cite:d0af3cae52387dc0a9c78e3d19b7ec5271307160}}, {{cite:61ee6d56c1d430878809f1333b5ade4550c223dd}}, {{cite:a9e78c9013e27b9384102770246bd3b31414...
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b771fd95e3ab7ce80efe8efd2b0979e8
For the purpose of our study, we computed the power-law integrated sensitivity curve {{formula:f2097695-e368-41fc-905d-8bdf94a71a72}} , starting from the noise spectral density in {{cite:2a36945450ab95ecc974dede08df53e7098b2d9e}} for ET, {{cite:778c4232132b0095401d77dd57696d87b4cee208}} for CE and {{cite:18c00ec3693d6f...
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6a0867d123da88fb7f812099bc1c9cba
Bayesian networks {{cite:a15e40a0a71a05854a62752b2f601435159b5865}} are a popular framework of choice for representing uncertainty about the world in multiple scientific domains, including medical diagnosis {{cite:63ffa17adb578fc7668e07e09ac3f86b4d25be2f}}, {{cite:e08e962731fbf71244062800acbceae5317425ef}}, molecular b...
i
3a2c5b5cf2b200e58accbcd709bfbd29
for some probability kernel {{formula:049e4463-2af1-4a02-ade8-a85273b3490d}} . Here {{formula:5dc3667d-812b-4ce1-b95d-837a26c6a97c}} acts as mixing distribution and {{formula:cd0dac8b-2bf8-4092-8e04-f7461af2a4a7}} represents the random number of mixture components, thus providing a flexible way to model unobserved he...
i
170e8d11b77ce90a6b4e5bfd35c6ed71
Jelinek-Mercer and Dirichlet prior are the two most common types of smoothing for MNB models. One view of smoothing is that smoothing methods discount seen occurrences of words in order to redistribute the subtracted probability mass {{formula:361b918e-05fc-4eeb-9021-912726dec1f5}} to the background model. Under this ...
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0deee987263b831ab92d6521a9319755
We also show a denoising example based on the “ROF” method (which consists simply in minimizing the total variation (defined by the surface tension {{formula:5efdc71d-ec4c-417c-b0ec-58d34dc9ad33}} ) of an image with a quadratic penalization of the distance to a noisy data, in order to produce a denoised version, see {{...
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7977735ba78d9d2bc59f4a3647887bf3
Recently, value-based methods have been applied to multi-agent scenarios to solve complex Markov games and have achieved significant algorithmic progress. VDN {{cite:7b44534cabff9626e2f3da659c317f1ff4456d5b}} represents the joint action-value as a summation of individual value functions. Due to its poor expression fact...
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3f0abcaf33992e90a9fda8e84ab41bad
Given the significant computational effort needed to generate a network, we propose a strategy that limits the amount of such generation steps. While it is common in evolutionary algorithms to use large populations to prevent local minima, this is not the only possible strategy {{cite:e47d4cd3028cd8e2b24ae31612b074faf1...
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425b1b16a4ff106d84f7c329c8eec6ee
HOCH{{formula:819a9f77-2e7d-46a1-9492-6202561e2a26}} CN is thus far only detected in two sources, SMM1-a and IRAS 16293B {{cite:52bf3ae49d3fb3e8597b4faaf2fe6e357e72caa4}}, and therefore a chemical comparison is limited to these two objects. To use molecular ratios that are unbiased by observational parameters, only dat...
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e9feb96e42a24febe7111e89e4698dcb
The vast majority of published video compression research papers provide results using the objective metrics Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) {{cite:55bd64e0ecf0bba6338e8e25dc150d1e3dbf084c}}, structural similarity index measure (SSIM) {{cite:9aa3c6b7cc661daf95d311b5ef0974caffdf4bb0}}, multi-scale SSIM (MS-SSIM) {{cit...
i
7c34a6d97752eaa48d881403fdada593
For more details about the loss and optimization procedure see {{cite:282c4e00848f5c7a2764b1edc1ea9c5c079d0ef5}}. Our agent implementation instantiates the policy via {{formula:67f9d569-11f6-4d60-8005-fa087a937329}} where {{formula:5459e5f6-2c16-45de-a943-05da0fdca1c5}} and {{formula:27cbe081-6d87-4cf2-a11c-2dbdfb8b1...
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ad3416684a242c021855d12d5bd06d29
Support vector machines {{cite:2a06a9c650d9412efa5fd463b4233c8c3703903a}} partition their input space in regions using hyperplanes that separate the training inputs according to their labels. They hyperplanes are chosen (i.e., learned during training) to maximize their distance (called margin) to their closest training...
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528b6ffeb3fc515cc5467ed1ad139d44
Hand-designed networks found in the literature {{cite:585273b83cbde6082aeca723f8a6253ed3bf77a9}}, {{cite:f382db3ba761916da2ea1893ac69cd5bd766b090}} are compared to the best weight agnostic networks found for each task. We compare the mean performance over 100 trials under 4 conditions:
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c19db17b9a4a54f0ee01c28d41026c98
{{cite:080d7c15a02a0b378134849b2e5caa79d4009bbd}} 2021 {{table:8082d1bf-8827-4bc6-85a1-2bff5bf9ba41}}
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c3208ad4f660f44a3cfcea2edf402078
Third, there is a fundamental mathematical question of characterizing the attractor whose existence we postulate in Claim REF . It is likely that symmetric bifurcation theory {{cite:6b4b6f7d10850e661e2b72480928ce11bfeced4b}} will provide a set of tools to enable this analysis. Answering these questions will push forwar...
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ab1d2f787bfb320079abea0d3bd61827
Recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G wireless networks have paved a way towards realizing new application such as surveillance, augmented/virtual reality, and face recognition, which usually are both computation and caching resource intensive. For battery-powered and resource-constrained devices, such...
i
871a9575ebac8430e62bbd5fd4b7d2d2
Our implementation of the copy generation in the Transformer is inspired by {{cite:534a278402ba29476c1cddc488754b23dd9ad4bc}}. We use the final encoder attention vector and produce a copying vector emphasising each input token relative to its attention weight {{formula:ae0ffe00-1dff-4e67-954a-155e9da274bb}} , Equation ...
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14f5d42c7086ac51c55b1d58632a694d
In the modern era, observations may have a comparable or even larger dimension than the number of samples. So the dimension of parameters cannot be considered as fixed. In order to perform consistent estimation, statisticians need to assume the underlying parameters are sparse(i.e., the parameters contain many zeros), ...
i
c39136899f897084aad720637a473ede
We may and shall assume that {{formula:8b282bff-4577-4db6-8164-493f889f183b}} otherwise the statement trivially holds. Let {{formula:e9555893-c12a-4061-b6ba-42762e7e6569}} , that is, {{formula:83e3a7b2-53be-432a-aed0-792d7f449df8}} and {{formula:a692ef1c-316a-4b96-a271-3adb7967462a}} . It is easy to check that {{form...
r
520c1e9f4df254cd801ab29b506cb26c
With regard to the second-order derivatives, we have the following counterpart of Yau's {{formula:6e851a23-a4df-4699-bafc-98d058149288}} estimate {{cite:cc5cf144d996e52b5933a42da0e15e47d9ecda79}}.
i
dcecccb95482e4bb2afafe2a50225504