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where {{formula:bdfb2e79-09c3-411d-a820-0d2980c19784}} is the difference in black hole entropies before and after emission {{cite:fb6d509e2e15a1b4438ef0ed398362e17d5de2a4}}, {{cite:bf919cdd2a2667069d5f7ee1d724299f4e1143f8}}, {{cite:fd44e31c5e82102154594088c18dcfbf2606c0d3}}. It is shown that Parikh-Wilczek's procedure...
d
2a9fd475d06097c7a1e7603007c77459
Structural optimization for the doped cases was carried out with the VASP code {{cite:7b0703bf29d1d78de66095c0c58aee198f92161b}}, using an energy cutoff of 600 eV. This code is efficient for the supercells, which contain up to 50 atoms. The lattice parameters were optimized, while the internal structural parameters wer...
m
242136c5bf76c37202ad8070d83629ca
It is also of interest to estimate the range of interaction in this material. In renormalization group theory analysis the interaction decays with distance {{formula:6fb970e8-dfb4-47fc-b6d5-3982cadfd0cd}} as {{formula:d4eb8199-9f1e-4656-b46e-93d9f0b9b0e0}} for long-range exchange, where {{formula:a103d50a-0554-40cb-a...
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b9c4cd10866b992efade8431eb14f862
Although such techniques are able to reveal useful numerical properties, they have been often categorised as too simplistic. In fact, a direct connection between the numerical discretisation of the linear advection equation and more complex three-dimensional nonlinear simulations can be everything but trivial. The high...
i
6887c0c72488ed822c2d16cbc9fb4c0e
Autonomous driving {{cite:6085aab6915ca208467ccebc9d329693036849a6}}, {{cite:c19940073a02ab85a01ddf03f99f539746218b10}}, {{cite:71090118318ff29afe1e7427bfadead7690526ba}} has received considerable attention in recent years because of its potential to ease congestion, reduce emissions, and even save lives. However, the ...
i
89ffb5a0577bee09748b617851d293d6
Egocentric view and generalisation The use of an allocentric (rather than egocentric) view did not improve generalisation or demo variant performance for most tasks, and sometimes decreased it. tab:short-results shows the greatest performance drop on variants that change object position, such as Layout and Jitter. F...
d
c939930576fec29a7dfff502fa5882fe
We considered three ML algorithms proposed in the learning from imprecise data literature, namely: k-Nearest Distributions (KND, also called Generalized kNN) {{cite:603987806ca8a40359a3880825f7f811834f77bd}}, Support Measure Machine (SMM) {{cite:babef24f29f67364248007631aa942f79600178f}}, Weighted re-Sampling Forest (W...
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79332d4117ff6966e4bbfd9c200ca2d3
Since the flows considered are turbulent, the numerical solution was found as a large eddy simulation using the explicit filtering method. Detailed information of the numerical procedure are provided in R. Varadharajan{{cite:38884fd406e7a74755e189347f4433fe38719f2c}} and S. Ganesh{{cite:4f330f403f0014da5bc1006e5e68901a...
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871f2d6aa4d2d1fdc9579b2dfc0fc9ed
Results on CelebA-5. We further verify the effectiveness of our method on real-world class-imbalanced datasets. The CelebA dataset has a long-tailed label distribution and the test set has a balanced label distribution. We use 300K Random Images {{cite:1cda6fa1d109e11eac9ce4fba673aca9525c941f}} as the open-set auxiliar...
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a055a76d75a1a09a1c61cbc0a608ef73
For the evaluation of the quality of our synthesis procedure, we must measure the Hurst index for each direction in the generated field and to compare with the {{formula:6f0bba3d-7684-4000-adbc-00a72228c213}} value used in the construction. For this, we apply a modified version of the Directional Average Method (DAM) ...
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75e2ac05ebed07209741563aa16c35a7
We use the Dirac cone model to describe the dynamics of the TI multilayer structures. In the model, the linear Dirac cones are assumed to be present on both the top and bottom surfaces of the magnetic-doped TI layer as well as the undoped TI layer. The Hamiltonian is written as {{formula:99d2af27-29a3-4f55-a452-63a8189...
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49c88b30f9225089e9191d5a25ec99ed
To address the above issues, we propose the first self-supervised DNN-based BP for solving COPs by seamlessly integrating BP, Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) {{cite:232deb9ac41bf7bbfe3c05b8ad7fc64da1358b39}}, and Graph Attention Networks (GATs) {{cite:7f04ced388346db693274729a8fcba525bc715dc}} within the massage-passing f...
i
8af7077a53dfc4455efaa5622d5dfb4e
For simplicity, we chose networks of similar size in our simulations. However, the presented results are not contingent on network sizes in the ensemble and largely independent of the particular functionality (underlying distribution) of each SSN. Their applicability to scenarios where different SSNs learn to represent...
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b0502ea5d9c8a9dcd8ac760cbb8e87a4
Stanza is a state-of-the-art and efficient framework for many NLP tasks {{cite:8530e9eccc2d77ac482a4d81eb9f3c14a3afd978}}, {{cite:7a6d79d4b50f061510a2d2b439db17a996748574}} and it supports both NER and syntactic tasks. We use Stanza to train NER models as well as syntactic models (tokenization, lemmatization, POS taggi...
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Arguably, a crucial factor for the limitations of existing methods is the fact that most methods use weak 2D supervision from landmarks predicted by face alignment methods as a form of guidance, e.g. {{cite:3fd51c5245020c09d9ec748b4fef5023d1e26a2f}}, {{cite:d54e33ad55f2ac4949913861257c607cf05b8606}}, {{cite:a89a31c5b0c...
i
d4ccf867f23eca00cab2ef172d2965cc
All these arguments must be evaluated in the context of accretion-decretion disks expected in some DPVs. Since the tangential impact should accelerate the star until critical rotation, we might have a disk with an inner boundary transporting angular momentum and matter outside and the outer boundary transporting mass i...
d
5a34c7e0959882b1a5a903c54291e0eb
It is also possible to use our operations in conjunction with other strategies, including dimension reduction, quantization and tree search {{cite:c3759c5156d71d85f5a2c8adc89af1539565ac44}}, {{cite:560d5c6c2d0281d4410434aef3efa3385b2131e3}}, {{cite:e6508811c1bc4833886907a304675c95a64d56d2}}, because many compressed dom...
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71a303a456103d6b50ca60f5540c0978
The estimation quality of {{formula:d34e96f9-ed52-435d-b6ee-71231551cdc6}} determines how well the relation between {{formula:6cd088a2-e7e8-48d3-a832-24f3aff54e0c}} and {{formula:80f19dc3-ecb3-4a9d-9206-9088acaa559a}} is captured. Besides the regression method, the starting epoch {{formula:1f5257b9-6384-42b4-907d-15...
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58516117e1a7a22a68df14718a99eca8
In our work the idea of how performing the qubit state reconstruction is similar to that in Ref. ficheuxtomo, that is to read the resonator dynamics. In fact, the functional relationships linking the qubit dynamics to the resonator evolution, that we have derived from HEM, bear some resemblance to those used in Ref. fi...
d
36abfa51a97ea51e2729976d09ab7e5f
{{cite:70bb27b254e9af55c02134e95f787e2b022824ac}} in the 1920s found that hanging heavier weights from a muscle led to faster firing rates from neurons inside the muscles. This is where rate coding originated from, the idea that information in nervous systems are communicated in the form of average firing rates. This i...
d
5a23040b9d757c730c1924180b5082d8
The Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree Method for Indistinguishable Particles {{cite:f0478760c8f721f3dd67cf6bdf8ab14ec93ff969}}, {{cite:4f12a45cd7f7967b307d11f142c7055680691d2a}}, {{cite:7b55c5efd4b184da4203e409880ab5d01652b4ed}}, {{cite:cd7d4f3d8bf54ca459d2a3ad3dd9dc18b3f8ae91}}, {{cite:5c11a4295e7494aaa7f6f9...
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18c082bc8c0a92d5f87b8f3ab92cb952
Affordance Characteristics. As part of the niche environment that humans occupy, object properties seem to be understood by humans in terms of their affordance characteristics, or in other words the opportunities and limitations that they offer to humans {{cite:bd9e1d916b14d2285391829df1ac01a4e16866d6}}, {{cite:cf85d0b...
d
a920916baf9498efba58cfc12fcfef84
Lemma 2.1 {{cite:99573a9f490c09d40d194658fa60fa516598ac5d}} Let {{formula:00cb4773-dea6-405b-9ecf-51eee90a4ece}} be a cyclic proper subgroup of a finite group {{formula:357666f7-f03b-4915-8f0b-d9499c698216}} , and let {{formula:98f80525-8a3b-4ce7-95c3-36b201561e96}} . Then {{formula:a45dc43e-db9f-4e34-94ed-6af8004312...
r
f9b0e59c900f9348e456594d95ecd6bb
Despite their usefulness in many applications, LASSO and SCAD also have certain shortcomings with respect to VAR model estimation. LASSO is likely to give inaccurate estimates of the model structure when the sample size is small {{cite:ff194ff0073a3976c7a7abd9c4937c6fd4e1d638}}, {{cite:0b59c3757dd64264ec0386fb2803a408f...
i
4129d87591a8f38d29598081af37e160
Finally we envision that the present findings can be applied to other two-dimensional semiconducting or insulating layered materials that form tubes, as it is the case for transition metal dichalcogenides.{{cite:916ea737b9641e3398a191cb987527a3cb0875f2}}
d
952373a8703fb04198285f8d3aba6a0f
We compute our timing results using a Intel i5-7600 CPU @ 3.50GHz CPU, and a NVIDIA GTX 1080-TI GPU. We use square style and content images scaled to have the edge length indicated in the top row of Table REF . For inputs of size 1024x1024 the methods from {{cite:2c611dde9f9f781475bdac9ff37f6107e5dd5050}} and {{cite:78...
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4f51179ab821de7347d0d29f1f4af0b0
The overall segmentation results are presented in Table REF . Results show that our method achieves the best performance in terms of both OA and mIoU metrics. In particular, when compared with the competing method in this specific task, MeshSegNet {{cite:5dd6e72009f8ebe81ed27e3aeb2d5430d764640a}}, which directly consum...
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8d3db2e4053553ebb628a430af259096
A major challenge in EnKF is generating and evolving a large number of ensemble members of the dynamical model in time. The accuracy of the background error covariance matrix in EnKF (which affects the performance of EnKF) black depends on the ensemble size {{cite:fd17a34471e6e49fb6c528bb07dbf86ec8464134}}. For an accu...
i
477140173d010e646e1e63490b590fcf
We use additive attention {{cite:ad002ad7788024f69244291139fd1af3658dce81}} to obtain the gating coefficient. Although this is computationally more expensive, it has experimentally shown to achieve higher accuracy than multiplicative attention {{cite:47e19072f32e90ae36c142e27d37630c7ef7ed0d}}. Additive attention is for...
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b109dde1878c7c25176e6bdaf26f4c90
Given a planar phylogenetic network on {{formula:e88ec940-8d80-45cd-9ebd-49e049dee589}} , let {{formula:2bb27a23-5441-49c3-84e6-065aa0c6da73}} be the digraph obtained from {{formula:f55f5989-fc4a-4945-b1b8-3e88e14264f1}} by adding an additional arc {{formula:46d0bbbe-3086-48dc-9ba7-91663d4c12f6}} for each element {...
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94d3ee23686c8c4f6c71e922b36776a4
Some other methods such as BYOL {{cite:4eae6e4b0b07396d2d588e443a61e3c94b64d1e3}}, SwAV {{cite:274fc66fed8e3224523b26e8c521b9ac0a5b08eb}}, and SimSiam {{cite:c46464f9c1fc40d9f82b1f0284d6af7814de14c0}} are recently developed to learn self-supervised representation using only positive examples. For example, BYOL (as show...
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e0e61ffdc69b1ade7a6e0db2da397e1c
The next generation of CMB surveys such as the ongoing Simons Observatory {{cite:c04fabc2bde8aac322b20ae730777df29e845799}}, {{cite:8077bcc171e85a7940ba3b7f80e34cf8ce388b37}}, the upcoming CMB-S4 {{cite:6156ba402f15c65d6a74f430914f70077453f54e}}, {{cite:ee74948a5cf5d6e310381a7bfb72e5aaab530d5d}}, and the futuristic CMB...
i
a4e3ddfa50eb1a7fcbd472b845b7e48b
Limitations and future work    Blurriness of the NeRF results is a big limitation of this work, despite using cone-casting from Mip-NeRF. We believe further improvements such as {{cite:ab1fe14daba8e09d2636bf940d61775f05224274}} can help in reconstructing sharper estimates. Another limitation is that the photographer ca...
d
9c32b207fce538d62863a3f762eb11d4
In this section we will discuss the limitations and potential societal impact of our contribution. To start with, our theoretical analysis relies on being able to compute a Kantorovich potential {{formula:45168f4e-5523-48ea-87df-5657b0519444}} for the pair {{formula:237c3041-771a-4c10-89ed-34e5c5cdcb79}} . Given recen...
d
24b2106fbf658c1e9d869e3fad3f7f72
Advocating a particular version of this idea, Silverman & Mallett {{cite:c3337cb07068dce404d55fadf26e84eb90bf0961}} suggested a symmetry breaking mechanism for the production of such a particle, based upon a real-valued scalar field. Although in this case the symmetry breaking mechanism provides a nice example of parti...
i
062400f3c913996ca036718b04b0b516
For more information about hypercyclic and supercyclic operators and their proprieties, see the book {{cite:6fd2f612f2408bd8d6e05734606f18bf9df39d72}} by KG. Grosse-Erdmann and A. Peris , the book {{cite:cb86e829c7af6b40a36b7a0e65d84d5875536615}} by F. Bayart and E. Matheron, and the survy article {{cite:0d0e123ba70eb0...
i
09c508fdc5626e03b310debeb384b885
SAM Implementation: Given a pixel query map {{formula:74c3c9d6-d1ba-4637-95bc-2220a8fab5a4}} and the corresponding encoder features {{formula:60cdf9fc-6c92-4095-be53-bebde9c1b55f}} for a particular scale {{formula:44c6aa9b-66ad-49e6-94f1-9f28cedd25dd}} , we first perform a {{formula:04f7a8dd-1cfe-486e-8b3f-45df467988...
m
0205c229fe7edd9689c41257c2d72b06
If we would like to confirm that the event was in fact caused by a dark remnant, we would have to wait ten years and use the Extremely Large Telescope to take high angular-resolution follow-up observations of this field to try and identify the source and lens as separate objects. If the lens is a neutron star, it may b...
d
159950db29a4a5bfb402e004181f60b9
In this study, based on the formulation of ALBERT as a discrete-time dynamical system, we analyzed the trajectory properties using short-term and long-term analyses. In the short-term analysis, we first demonstrated that token vectors began to synchronize after a certain period, and suggested that it was caused by the ...
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693bd98a891d2f54a85529b406a91508
In this section, we evaluate our proposed SpFDE framework on benchmark datasets, including CIFAR-100 {{cite:7176c497304b646b12294fb1afce452dcfdcf31e}} and ImageNet {{cite:010bd509add75a992b2caf3ae0f28e90b6de8395}}, for the image classification task with ResNet-32 and ResNet-50. Note that we follow the previous work {{c...
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61160a00c0bb9a45fc07950aa52fa876
In the first task of legal text classification, the best option in this task is determined based on experimental results, for example, in this way we found that multiple strategies can be used to get around BERT’s limit to sequence length of 512 tokens, but the ‘head & tails’ strategy where only the first 128 and the l...
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2f03caa0b19066e91a8b32161b131ee4
In this section, we evaluate the performance of mmWave VCs using NOMA at road intersections. In order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical results, Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out by averaging over 10,000 realizations of the PPPs and fading parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out, and they matc...
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3db6a5dad61ffd272fbc1a7b971a7b24
The recent detection of gravitational wave signal GW170817 originating from binary neutron star (BNS) merger by the LIGO and Virgo detectors have opened up a new era in multi-messenger astronomy {{cite:19100ca6262b7265d238166f8f1e96f104f3a568}}, {{cite:a8fded46b65eb3546931499d5b4ac7acbb586182}}, {{cite:76e2e14d82eebad4...
i
d74d1af574b1d6332c358824736145c6
Towards this aim, the initial work {{cite:afd7083224867e79ff06a1dbfc54c8dc5689d2f2}} proposes a framework that explicitly incorporates the noise into a numerical time-stepping method, namely a Runge-Kutta method. Though the approach has shown promising directions, its scalability remains ambiguous as the approach expli...
i
59e6c50733e69f03d446232f393d2510
Here we provide more visual examples of the sequences generated with RIVER. See Figures REF and REF for results on the BAIR {{cite:3d1c38fb87b18ca574d29bf095efacf2501af97b}} dataset, Figures REF and REF for results on the KTH {{cite:cb06277c1c98053b9fe31a928cf804a6feed6fcf}} dataset and Figures REF and REF for vi...
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6afc0c3091ebc5568aa8670bbf836d8a
We designed a CNN that could accomplish the dual tasks of ECG beat regression and ECG segment arrhythmia classification. First, the network architectural requirements were posed as an optimization problem, which we solved by using Ray Tune library {{cite:4997c2f7e5256880e6a818d3a5d6fc6b82853db1}} to choose the best per...
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467710b6360f41309c6dfb98f03cc8da
Metrics. We use the matching precision (%) metric here to evaluate the dense correspondence estimation performance. Theoretically, it presents the correct correspondence percentage by {{formula:d10dab6d-ecc8-480b-8524-4e325624a6d4}} , where {{formula:ffdec588-0cdf-4092-96b3-2d594a8c88c3}} is the Hadamard product, {{fo...
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7f6c9be070eafba4300c3ef55983c7f9
Until recently, SNNs have been restricted to simple tasks and small datasets due to instability in learning regimes {{cite:f83ee568f4ee5ec27f6efa65a02428e19ef1e1f6}}. Recent development in new spike learning mechanisms {{cite:b1b74d48e87de2c90c15ff24c333fcdebfda582f}}, {{cite:f8e65a45c6c5dcbea16175b72e372e544486d634}} ...
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5183f0aefe09fc7a2600b383046475fd
Features-only: The simplest way of incorporating pre-trained features is to directly use these pre-trained features as the input for the decoder. The decoder of the original model is adjusted to fit the dimensionality of the features. Concat: Concat simply concatenates embeddings {{formula:1b17643a-a425-4568-b06e-e3f...
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44ed2c2432bd669f4816344d104e2fcf
According to the latest experimental data of 2020PDG {{cite:da744c063b364054b5e5704156f0d652eee87a3c}}, the {{formula:a3cb1a92-e86a-48fe-b705-365a52389785}} decay branching ratio is {{formula:a41dbad1-dc17-48eb-9a29-72d4a025a601}} , which coincides with the calculation result in this paper, {{formula:4c43a8d1-a222-41c...
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a5028ec3c25af8b37299fa53e66927a0
Limitations. One limitation is that LiVT can not be deployed in an end-to-end manner. An intuitive idea is two branches learning to optimize the decoder and classifier simultaneously, like BBN {{cite:d0d6f6209261ec5856f96b632daa184ed8bbd333}} or PaCo {{cite:9bd61a1bbc950e791e44c3b79a479be6f4bf5617}}. However, the heavi...
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00f7588a3a0d44f65ad2befd344077cb
Random forests can be understood as local adaptive likelihood estimators for the conditional parameter function {{formula:bf8d6d3e-6a93-4eea-a3d1-4cf4f2dd6d66}} for a patient with prognostic or predictive variables {{formula:795842ed-4303-4c99-8625-72aa16e7ac0b}} {{cite:9260c1083dd19818cacf6d9c852c83861bde1fba}}, {{c...
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In this work we concentrate our efforts to explore three quantum properties: i) entanglement, ii) EPR-steering, as an entanglement-based correlation, and iii) quantum discord, as an above-entanglement correlation, in bipartite two-qubit states affected by various quantum processes. Specifically, we report on the dynami...
i
9882e06a642287da73288dc0876d59d1
With EnCluDL, the statistical inference step is performed by the desparsified Lasso. In {{cite:910e92dfbb529ed18cf13d54dfd771e55afae06f}}, another ensembled clustered inference method that leverages the knockoff technique {{cite:02012c5a01098f59058247963c4e4c8cada40ed2}} leading to a procedure called ECKO has been test...
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f57ce8647bbe1684eb3bf0150e0f5d5d
A common method for constraining EBL absorption is to take the observed spectrum in a region where the EBL is unabsorbed, extrapolate that to a region where it is absorbed, and take that as the highest possible intrinsic flux {{formula:a87d9d68-7e3b-4651-9a1d-23c63f23eaa5}} {{cite:e01f5703e239526e7f73de32ca5ca09ca70b5...
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a34c0ea892f3ef3fcde7e29dd4afdf41
Recent years have seen increased interest in hatespeech detection to combat the proliferation of toxic language spreading on social media platforms such as Twitter and Reddit. Many datasets have been annotated based on human-written social media posts {{cite:5960e92c4b167c6da46ccca165fd8ae4f3bfb116}}, {{cite:5921ed033b...
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31401cea42893610eaeee8646f2f1e1e
NGC 3393: The starting spectral model for this source is provided by the work of {{cite:e1cbd74f2578e128cfe7b7a4d82b20cb869055e6}} and {{cite:fc8affad75f4471458a5e842e1cb7ee1cb34e5e3}}, who fitted the NuSTAR spectrum with both MYTorus and Torus models. The results obtained with our baseline model are broadly consistent...
r
b532afaa5f65f933e63636da696aefb3
Similar to the offline method, the end-to-end method is designed based on SQLova as well. For the condition value subtask, the start and end position of condition value are predicted through a pointer network. The difference is, the representation of each cell is the output of an bi-LSTM encoder with BERT{{cite:6152428...
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ee5e3e2777a0950dc9e91fcc07ccad00
The Markov decision process (MDP) is a fundamental mathematical model used to handle stochastic dynamic optimization problems {{cite:71de1858bcb3305cdfc8044322bc96579c680466}}, {{cite:c279eb9d843ec8cb8b73f1872c88e0f75bdf27a5}}. The study of MDPs in operations research is multidisciplinary. It is deeply connected with r...
i
f9b3ca05d085a56e382718f578a3eb00
Deep neural networks can be used to approximate hyperbolic partial differential equations. The construction of heavily over-parametrized functions by deep neural networks rely on the foundations of the Kolmogorov–Arnold representation theorem {{cite:1e66b99538edf4716a8edfe39003c73bcb9ad4cf}} and the universal approxima...
i
21a4c788bc2e5901d05c5e86a3af6651
where the values {{formula:6602cfb0-6f7f-4d6f-b166-4415c90659b1}} mb at 2.76 TeV and {{formula:eff42263-7ee3-48ea-bad3-0aa7aae3dd19}} mb at 5.02 TeV have been considered {{cite:b889c7f62ddc646836539139afebf13965ec286b}}.
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8e4baa2f4b119e8c9f74fdf43604c560
In a bipartite quantum system with density operators {{formula:e3fdf651-ae3f-46a6-83ce-94b8d952e31a}} in a Hilbert space {{formula:0f098100-217f-43e0-a51f-641c8bfdc0a6}} where {{formula:47b29a93-1b4e-4343-b9dc-e78c6ec787fe}} so {{formula:af7f8884-adb1-4b5f-bb26-5e1a1f344273}} , a {{formula:99bfb2ea-0c2b-4736-8036-9...
r
206870a8e99cba4de53ef482aa577151
The vision system is hybrid in nature with two different methods, a machine learning object detection and a classical computer vision method, each of which is designed to operate depending on the relative distance to the landing pad. In the long-distance, the machine learning object detection method is applied to ident...
i
0ae448dc1731f0026e77da96e14c3982
Improved GANs. Despite the high-quality generation, GANs suffer from the “mode-collapse" problem, wherein they fail to capture entire modes in the real data distribution. For instance, a GAN trained on the MNIST dataset – a collection of handwritten digits from one to ten – might neglect a subset of digits from its out...
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492409368f7634af80aae2faf8e4ae20
+ C9(s PR b)( ) + C10 (s PR b) ( 5 ) ] . Here {{formula:4d6e96a3-49fa-4db9-bf01-5eff9e588415}} and {{formula:6ff8e781-40f0-4865-b7d0-3d2a7865da9c}} are the new physics WCs which are assumed to be complex in the current analysis. Following a penurious approach, we ruminate only those scenarios where either onl...
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f62a2b4275fbf17b3e7d6b4702b6b663
Making sense of the fundamental quantum nature of matter withing the context of General Relativity (GR) {{cite:2e9face8779c189eed9b86e970739a7934d91eff}} is the holy grail of modern theoretical physics. Intriguingly, discrepancies do not restrict to the UV where ignorance is easily acknowledged, but are already strikin...
i
99aeae75bdf5cd10517c1af638929b2c
In survey data, informative sampling designs are accounted for in unit-level modeling and inference through the use of sampling weights, as done in the Horvitz-Thompson estimator for population inference {{cite:bdc1b9d04be8b1c18e049213c16a2026ef785808}}. A general approach for likelihood-based inference with survey dat...
i
fe4f50f93727b38b1856cd4083fcdf53
Table and Fig. REF present the quantitative and qualitative results of state-of-art methods on the NOCS dataset respectively. The comparison points include learning-based methods relying on a category-level prior, such as NOCS {{cite:c92cdf03f7753fb9547107fe3f89217138520137}}, KeypointNet {{cite:1725d013314f1ee9f749f...
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Finally, it would be interesting to extend the approach developed here to more realistic models of active particles. This includes studying other models of active particles such as active Brownian particles, which typically model many types of self-propelled colloids {{cite:dd2b594b00cf6986ed15f19418452faf438789c4}}, {...
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a04f24ab98c543dae246a5a96df2a12a
In this study, we introduce the term Face Area Lightness Measures (FALMs) to be any technique for characterizing the intensity of light reflected by human skin in the facial region, as measured by a sensor (this has been called many things in previous studies: lighter/darker-skin {{cite:7df3012e5a33cddc24fca0513d79df81...
i
0743a39a410910c2c0ca02f9b10a8d4d
A future challenge is to apply this approach to more complicated and more realistic implementations of the Faraday effect, paramagnetic materials in particular, with typical spins of order {{formula:d3cce30c-f362-44dd-aa0c-596e32da69a9}} and significant dependence on temperature {{cite:a9c03256083e393b42b8cca5c08e7c1c...
d
8c716eaf5ca510b05e4b90835b2a1809
Production of the structures {{formula:ebaf7acf-da68-4c48-8289-f03ca0a7d335}} and {{formula:d7143972-9ce4-4d32-8e04-27daf38ab6e0}} in {{formula:75332d6a-91b5-4801-8318-0406705c594e}} meson's weak decays were analyzed in Ref. {{cite:d1ff739ca822e89400c304f8b8a6dd8611eb6a50}}. The central idea and main conclusion of t...
d
e4526c8deff87ece43bc3b297dce0d16
We use approximation estimates for the projection {{formula:61327341-10f0-49da-b4b6-03bc347bc883}} , and an inverse estimate (cf. {{cite:7ec16fa2d3c775359e2a8352228f618f7282c701}}) to conclude that {{formula:eb00c542-2655-4091-a3e8-cdb91fb4c47c}}
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ca8f7a82517c623a2cbb00db39a88011
Optical-atomic clocks, which are among the most precise metrological instruments currently available, provide continuous-wave (CW) laser radiation that is stabilized to a narrow-linewidth atomic transition {{cite:9ec273eede622eefcc0c674e02291a137af2534c}}, {{cite:b227ffbfa9e0fc34e4c52b972fac2c77ffdcd643}}, {{cite:d9bf0...
i
43c939576fe027ceab5a5eec256c1fcd
In the rest of this section we will present some of the final SEDs resulting from our simulations. A larger collection is shown in {{cite:35d7f66d65384b9b01f8fd90c2023abd40f9adf8}}. The SEDs of each model has been averaged over the time interval {{formula:cd64e15c-ff7f-4286-864c-5f0a6d3adc85}} s.
r
2b127abed0c3734d8361e5f67ab1db15
Deep learning methods are also exploited for the task. Specifically, the detection of visual relationships using a Deep Relational Network {{cite:f852bce60ad5cf452c0f4e0a17edd366a3022166}}, a deep reinforcement learning model for detecting relationships and attributes {{cite:096ff2b3c36987d513385bb15b16b162cc9a7ca8}}, ...
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f524824aacfca2754bfc52055b39c57e
In this section, we compare our proposed method with other five state-of-the-art crowd locators in two congested datasets (QNRF and SHHA). The compared locators are TinyFaces, RAZ Loc, LSC-CNN, IIM and DCST. Specifically, TinyFaces is trained via official project with default parameters. RAZ Loc is adopted from {{cite:...
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52d77a565a6de8003771d808d69b96ee
where {{formula:c82bd220-dea3-44fd-a4fc-f544382b8ac0}} , {{formula:651712e2-709f-4f8b-9381-bf7f373e4c19}} is any reasonable input function or random process, {{formula:86af5886-4ef3-4cc8-adc0-bab78be5a096}} is the scale parameter of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) in the {{formula:41811659-c942-4920-b60c-01f01...
i
3aa2f307865c3ca4cebc76a8f29b9f70
For text pre-processing, we used a hybrid phrase detection algorithm based employing a dictionary as described in Lui et al {{cite:ee53b73a5853f47b3a8d811c4e390eb05ac14997}} and based on an approach described in {{cite:bdae901ace7b1086c0f7f170d5c841191d1b22d0}}. First, we seeded the co-occurrence detection algorithm wi...
m
d1e1dcbee7693b80596449f25c5b043b
The Bellman completeness assumption is about the closure of a function class under the Bellman operator. It has been widely adopted in RL literature, be it online RL {{cite:381a13ee7f9dee8f00fd06121931bc5121d2aae3}}, {{cite:29b97db45d4f9c0d08532474360362f93e026c16}} or offline RL {{cite:ad45ff090100c3a5372bcf73ed6ea18d...
r
124df99a9b0b10eaaa5c3c61f8d40dd4
where {{formula:30c4b369-82ed-4f7a-9a99-dec15e046fbd}} r depends implicitly on {{formula:8b8568a8-1790-4a43-8958-2e9f5e47a0d2}} , {{formula:cd28413b-9774-4722-a0e6-22ebce5fb9c0}} . We may view the vector {{formula:d0c83a94-65e5-4f52-ba9f-a6ac87f7ecee}} of the space {{formula:685844e3-3432-4f99-a02b-62835b24088d}} as...
i
3c7f2db04c5e6889ec8e9d3304de4743
The vision transformers consider an image as a sentence. It splits each 2D image into the 1D tokens and models the long-range dependency between tokens with the multi-head self-attention mechanism. The self-attention has been recognized as the computation bottleneck in the transformer model. Its computational cost incr...
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0738b349bb09709cde53098f47523484
We now examine if the large amount of shape information contained in ImageNet pretrained models is equally distributed across different stages of the CNN. In this experiment, we train one layer read-out modules on features from different stages, ({{formula:0aaf932e-87b7-4f38-8b5f-167b6ec0c7de}} ), of the SEN to examine...
r
f368d8a4c6bcd9b5d80972c7d5d0e7e9
Visualization of the selected LRs. As shown in Figure 5, for the LRs in red, yellow, green and orange boxes in the query image, we visualized the {{formula:4bb3b674-0f46-42a8-950a-abc56bdb011b}} (i.e., {{formula:66018692-3541-4fa9-99e5-539ed697c4dd}} =3) most discriminative LRs selected by MATANet. In {{cite:7f51b632d...
d
f2e0be5676d55f98e4d693ab4385de8b
In this paper, we computed Lanczos coefficients {{formula:2cc041c1-6bee-4f9b-a675-92f0b28aa7a2}} and K-complexity {{formula:5db5a805-0e6c-4422-bf93-d72002668864}} of an inverted harmonic oscillator system, which is non-chaotic but shows saddle-dominated scrambling. As a result, we found that {{formula:3d46c851-3203-4...
d
06bbf42a941f944a958aa902efcc25ff
[leftmargin=*] Closer Ties to Unsupervised Representation Learning. Our segmentation model directly learns the pixel embedding space with non-learnable prototypes. A critical success factor of recent unsupervised representation learning methods lies on the direct comparison of embeddings. By sharing such regime, our no...
d
027cfaf0ed2afb7beed0abe726372e76
Furthermore, the CSC and SPC pre-training improve the test results only marginally. We conclude that CSC can only be applied to dense point clouds and is less pertinent in the case of sparse point clouds, which are typical of the autonomous driving use case. For SPC there are two options, either not enough data were us...
r
dd48ae16174e1332425940fa130c5c78
as {{formula:7f47fb8d-2919-4d86-a186-521534ed08c7}} , by our limit assumptions. Thus, Theorem 5.11 of {{cite:a6e58cd1726641a71c4ef5cd14ac0c43b6bba093}} may be applied to give {{formula:af972e66-a3ed-484d-8807-cccc5826e17d}}
r
bc7717b01bb621dab74ba7a1bd9bd92b
Many cluster validation indexes have been proposed in the literature, often in order to pick an optimal clustering in a given situation, e.g., by comparing different numbers of clusters, see {{cite:991c395e1fb82dd5c446cf119033429b9efe7f56}} for an overview. Most of them (such as the Average Silhouette Width, {{cite:54c...
i
4a29bc89c5bc7408a5106c92e510fa08
As for outlier removal of point correspondences, we choose RANSAC and NG-RANSAC {{cite:469c998d5e0d80d64d9aeced36d687d47fda19f5}}. We use the OpenCV-3.4.2 implementation of RANSAC with {{formula:25b0a471-f83c-41cd-a056-1a6cb19f9bbc}} , {{formula:20a1154c-e6dc-4e53-abc2-2f59caff735f}} , and {{formula:205b8466-a574-40a6-...
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2e8c6062132c358752ae5ef2f0eed5cf
The numerical integration of Equation (REF ) is implemented using the algorithm introduced by Gunsteren and Berendsen {{cite:6b7bd9d6cb283a10e53d4dd583d5ca27ba22a615}}. Our previous experiences with BD simulation suggests that for a time step {{formula:904432c1-60f6-4d35-94e3-36969ea77c59}} these parameter values prod...
m
a4ee69577325e1163472f28f3e8649ff
We present our main results in Table REF . In this table, we see that our formulation systematically outperforms the proposed baselines, as well as the ones it generalizes. In most cases, the possibility to add a layer or to consider higher-order interactions improves the performance over the existing baselines (MMSBM,...
r
38c09c8b41d90dab42958d2be61384b5
Our spOccupancy R package fits spatially-explicit single-species, multispecies, and integrated occupancy models for potentially massive data sets. The package includes functions for data simulation, model fitting, model validation, model comparison, and out-of-sample prediction. Additionally, spOccupancy contains metho...
d
6fc3666d89bd2f3d9eb79cacee542d14
We first perform ablation studies on the impact of the output ensemble scheme, the proposed attention distillation bound, and the modality of unlabeled public data. Here we use the T1-weighted images from BraTS (B), fastMRI (F), and IXI (I) as private datasets and unlabeled T1-weighted images from OASIS-3 as public dat...
r
070f2446cb9d8c5228e4b049555acd42
Explanations of how to solve a task often involve a summary of the key decisions required to complete it, an ability referred to as selectivity {{cite:37d824d21619bf6d465da08f13943d31f76ec7b1}}, {{cite:0d2bfdf5befdace35858e1d4398243ca72b18126}}. Classic Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches lack this ability beca...
d
4ab7dfc309cd1ccb9236acd67bca17f7
Traditional equivariant networks, such as GCNN {{cite:58a40dcaefdbab7e64a70ff04a0709901c10f2eb}}, SE(3)-transformers {{cite:f6f4b6f863a074658c51faaebe0b8c131d9a5fa2}}, and LieConv {{cite:b8a453a6aacfb79c8862d2c3f6940487ae7ae3bc}}, require the group equivariance constraint to hold for each layer of the network. In contr...
d
4e2f2e4e9fae1df6c402b660d2755e09
The island rule was initially considered for the two-dimensional gravitational systems where the explicit computations for the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation and the Page curve can be easily performed by using the semi-classical method due to the presence of the high symmetries. For the two-dimensional b...
i
5e18c329a23eba56f066df4d388d2f87
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address this problem. Our approach is based on the notion of instrumental variable regression, a well-established method of resolving endogeneity in the econometrics literature, including endogeneity deriving from measurement error {{cite:8b5a3a0c64df8d1892f0bf81755b8228495...
i
966a9e35f661b21bc0e6efa4d82ccfbb
An additional challenge is presented by the fact that the broad absorption profile associated with Damped Ly{{formula:158dfdde-37d2-4dd8-8e76-cb80e30b47bf}} (DLA) absorption systems (along with sub-DLAs) in the Ly{{formula:f7bf45cc-e16f-48f8-92a8-00bf67a50484}} leaves a measurable imprint on the correlation function ...
i
33cb0cd79f7264b6611899090533beaf
Group DRO (*GDRO) {{cite:8381242382b35298154e37971f0b4e82c9dbe869}} provides DRO with the necessary prior that it must generalize to all groups. Similar to Up Wt, GDRO also uses {{formula:3d680286-7420-41f2-81ca-eaeddec35930}} and {{formula:4eafd718-c74b-4871-95b2-1d22c59d1b86}} to create groups and has been shown to...
m
0cd957d94c00feb9720cd4c9bcbdc8d1