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In this paper, we exploit the recent advance of interpretable generative models {{cite:bf5d40222743e57f72138dca82eceaaa06e531df}} {{cite:39d52b754e87cc99c4884cd0d34b1b0e881e028c}}, in particular, semantic StyleGAN proposed in {{cite:3a0b19c6c356d88f86a872c9471accfc90289e8f}}, to extract disentangled semantic informatio... | i | 6aee630c2c8e80cf4e7b72efc8f00b60 |
Although it gives us the high possibility to estimate the data density, it also contains some drawbacks which can derive some research directions.
For example, when it comes to drawing the samples from the uniform distribution, it can also suffer from the curse of dimensionality because it has to sufficiently cover the... | d | 5608167f88102a0ac5030d4ed61ce5d8 |
We use both all-atom molecular dynamics simulations (where water molecules and graphene are simulated explicitly) and brownian dynamics simulations (where water molecules and graphene are treated implicitly as continuous media). Both are carried out using the LAMMPS software {{cite:af6468056aae80ce53777fd78494cf97178fd... | m | 4fd835e877226b95780094df7f1255b5 |
In all cases, {{formula:31277c28-c55c-4e19-9bd4-3c59864ff34d}} -EFT and Astro filters
cut off higher ends of the distributions of the
experimental nuclear physics informed AME+R{{formula:2cb86479-5f02-400f-afc5-7517ff762f1f}} distribution.
Coming to the skin measurements, the
CREX filter shows absolute insensitivity to... | r | 8331e38012c3921c1e84b6e5e401c77e |
We observe that in real Hilbert spaces, the duality mapping {{formula:5662a0b8-9c30-47db-8d6c-b13fd818657f}} becomes the identity mapping and our Algorithm REF reduces to the algorithm proposed by Tseng in {{cite:2c6be0afe4b7bf02dd09992c30886b4fb45cb063}}.
| m | 7f23f20be308a90666412be1ab9aeb04 |
The general theory for the Carleman estimate was designed mostly
for functions with compact supports (e.g., {{cite:37a388beb46c854c2999184f9e5cd7e6c1014f3c}}, {{cite:e72deec5fc6502b796a545739e7cc86c28b45a95}}),
while our Carleman
estimate does not assume that {{formula:5bc6446e-76cc-488a-a5f1-3c310b84648c}} has compac... | i | 9e4f203323622d337453442ded858a7a |
Mixup can be interpreted as a method for convexifying class regions in the input space {{cite:7d1a17544e710a8776fc6aa090becff6b071336f}}. By enforcing that convex combinations of training points are assigned convex combinations of the labels, this augmentation method regularizes class boundaries, and removes small non-... | m | b7ff987e482380c3dd33e8c89d75e742 |
Our implementation of the OSBGD method is a gradient descent procedure which is based on the Barzilai-Borwein methodology: at each step, the gradient is calculated using finite differences over a fixed sample and the step size is determined by a cheap approximation of the Hessian (see {{cite:decb75d1b48c0c1bb8090fcc7fe... | m | 4065eca66b19a8343fd9474b89be09de |
In Tables-REF and REF , we present results of different defense methods such as AWP-TRADES {{cite:45acc44b83627b69f87644cb766a7157011d8112}}, TRADES {{cite:96895aaae3dba511d661dd1094333c160eca347c}}, PGD-AT {{cite:537c73d1aa54c322f86c5fe5c3f5d558302ae33c}}, ExAT {{cite:bcb0eb13b7ac1dbd696a2fc0e9751b1b6c505d15}}, ATES ... | r | 1b0382121a019a22cdd1915ec8cf365c |
In order to speed up the training process and to compensate for the overfitting that may occur with modest sized datasets, we rely on transfer learning {{cite:55d64e228effd5887cd697d78a786585a92ca0d5}} using pre-trained state-of-the-art models as a starting point. In particular, we consider four modern architectures kn... | m | ce116abd2778b2ee25112c2832a52983 |
Quantitative Comparison on CIFAR-100. As shown in Tab. REF , we compare FFSD with several state-of-the-art methods on ResNet-32 and WRN-16-2. FFSD surpasses most knowledge distillation methods, including traditional knowledge distillation KD {{cite:600685a6be133391740473c24f93d27cd3e532a6}} and AT {{cite:6776e74a5787a6... | r | 3671302668faf0bd3fee9ec7c79d38e2 |
We have studied the leading correction to the {{formula:c2916256-07f1-4425-b53b-128ff1a63c27}} behavior of a number of physical observables in the large {{formula:479677d8-dfd8-4782-aa69-4ae9d118f683}} limit of the class {{formula:c58160d1-7fa9-4f84-9643-9bcbf66996cc}} 3d {{formula:07ce3acd-5436-4468-a9f4-dc78959e5... | d | 6a70efa01e204a73d62d31f03336c308 |
The structure of this paper is as follows. In § , we recap the main results required to apply the formalism of {{cite:bce9ef904d672e15398e47ac1405e580c74a3571}} to obtain the linear tidal response. We then provide simple estimates to predict when nonlinearity might be expected to be important for tidally-excited gravit... | i | 78f4c693e08a81a4e37d04fbd59d5824 |
In the field of heavy-ion physics we are faced with fundamental questions: What are the different particle production mechanisms across different system sizes? Can we find the onset of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions? Is there a QGP droplet formed in small collision systems {{cite:7bcbc4bff71e35befbff0d1e74899477363969... | i | 8ad2d5d8ff09ac6400a0f3981559d746 |
{{cite:2f498fa232f33d8eee578a03ea51d13a2408a97f}} propose a neuron alignment method in the context of multi-task model compression. The algorithm leverages layer-wise Hessian approximation to match neurons by computing a similarity measure based on their functional difference. {{cite:dc5eddc89cb8c896e55e55d652bcb5b2c8a... | d | cf5a238b32464f84f344ab8ff6b69e89 |
Machine Learning projects in the past relied on human knowledge and were easily comprehensible by both developers and end-users. For example, decision trees have been widely used for fraud detection {{cite:16719aeb80d58c8b31cd230c6c82089fc09d4f64}}. However, the surge in popularity of Deep Neural Network (DNN) based mo... | i | 33119d158ce7e4ea5f76bfa5683bfd13 |
Table REF itself expresses the predictive power of modified formulas and also the use of machine learning methods as the decay modes are anticipated effectively. In fact, not only the decay modes are found in an excellent match with available experimental/estimated decay modes but also the half-lives are found in agre... | r | 2f138df335bbe2bc33ada05487b3a8cd |
It is likely that the semi-analytical method of this paper can be generalized
to study more complex coherence-incoherence patterns in large networks of phase oscillators,
including breathing, pulsating and alternating chimera states {{cite:062837da443ff689adaa91a21dead1cffecf9ae1}}, {{cite:05d985d5443766fb0713d2a318a1a... | d | 6f54445d76a3f565b87e261bf3097d85 |
In addition, matrix/tensor completion has attracted significant attention in the recent literature {{cite:62ad58ac2a0e747064084f5d2b43b92e135a1a0a}}, {{cite:35c38017cf5c9d6d10a795621feb0bda46ba11f1}}, {{cite:92e1ec28b6815365e085f7ddca54a419caa2d663}}, {{cite:1ed53325c316d28d220b2afc0794555470c84836}}, {{cite:d7b46ab810... | d | 3d197fc49e686f0cb945e3067f4525cc |
The band crossing features of the HD bands provide an additional tool
of configuration assignment which can be used more frequently
than in the case of the SD bands because of strong mixing between the
different {{formula:5edefa60-c8ac-4285-86ba-dc62fd2f3428}} -shells at HD. The large peaks in {{formula:0b19070b-134e-4... | m | 83bab7c1ce389bfeb04a8de90190fe74 |
We put complete results of GPS+DER, GPS+DER{{formula:0accdd8c-4ef2-4b59-880e-b5e67c031ee7}} , GPS+HAL and baselines in Table REF . Note the A-GEM {{cite:a02b23462d9c45dd295b4aac40f49c8f00653233}}, iCaRL {{cite:898492ede4d63f5064b3f4687c2a34fc66b414d4}} and GSS {{cite:23baa9ccfc33a3231e835acef435b5615c22b81f}} use the s... | r | 5514d742fe348a29f23a7a458c83792d |
The reward conditioning approach (DT) takes an entire trajectory sequence and conditions on it using the sum of the rewards for that given sequence.
Such an approach struggles on tasks requiring stitching {{cite:8e25c9405145d6326f138aee920c6e8974a9adb5}} – the ability to learn optimal policy from sub-optimal trajectori... | m | 7b4158118ae17a2d86f95bd865ef2dd3 |
Four CNN-based methods {{cite:4820b937b17ecaa30a7f22d054e50d8b5a2521f9}}, {{cite:a52a96f7cf880d0be1611b50317b58b91273dd1b}} including the proposed method were used. EEGNet {{cite:a52a96f7cf880d0be1611b50317b58b91273dd1b}} and shallow ConvNet {{cite:4820b937b17ecaa30a7f22d054e50d8b5a2521f9}} showed similar performance i... | r | eb9237f53efd5b2c8823a36b87e8da58 |
The essential idea for domain adaptive semantic segmentation is to effectively transfer the knowledge learned from a distinct source domain to a target domain. Previous methods achieve this goal by bridging the domain gap in the image level {{cite:114a52047518fe05f7d057152a0a2537901593b7}}, {{cite:97ecd8a49edf808c6166b... | i | 7712efbd3107a3ce6d79aad9b1ebc820 |
Given the role of collective behavior in the function of physical, biological, and neurological systems where higher-order interactions may play a critical role in shaping system dynamics, understanding how higher-order interactions balance with dyadic interactions and affect collective behavior is an important questio... | d | dc41c7008d6803e58892bb2749e5a769 |
Given unpaired training samples in two image domains {{formula:3d64481a-c7a4-4a14-91fc-e812efd4883b}} and {{formula:ba812e0e-9964-4d1c-bd13-38fc914548c9}} , the CycleGAN model proposed by Zhu et al. {{cite:3dc622f498fa84a019dced4e146f9ec1f9218d87}} learns a mapping (generator) {{formula:2b19bcfc-c99b-4f2b-b653-d5f77ce... | m | ce8b0119dc09afcc2cc4abe1dac1f9b9 |
A finite state-space truncation covering the same area as the initial lumping approximation would contain {{formula:7604687f-e858-4bdd-a394-596b682b9b46}} states.Here, the goal is not treated as a single state. Otherwise, it consists of {{formula:0ede63d6-086d-4402-89e6-c5a285f52cf7}} states.
The standard approach wo... | m | 89d6290223bc52a7d3815c1cef15e9b4 |
We can easily find in the first-price bidding function Eq. (REF ), the bid price is jointly determined by utility function {{formula:40579c82-5fe0-480a-a73a-7782752091ec}} , {{formula:b9ac2f8f-290c-4ee9-b172-1f9af23e106d}} and market parameter {{formula:71b71d6f-7c84-4585-82b4-7ea89086c960}} .
Specifically, the bid pr... | d | 1b2f4b6141a687c9e29f27687475193b |
To better understand the behavior of ContrativeCrop, we discuss several properties that may contribute to its effectiveness. We first investigate the relation between semantic information and positives similarity. We take the class score of a crop as an indicator of richness of categorized semantic information. The sim... | d | 97af6899ec09be72c7b4a45dc5cb752e |
In this work we present improved numerical results, with extrapolations consistent with, but not definite proof of, the saturation of the {{formula:3540363c-89de-468d-9a8d-ac57c752b8e1}} -bound by the {{formula:a53730bc-2615-4160-af9e-10c840ac3e07}} SCFT.
Moreover, our results seem to imply that, even if there is more... | r | 2747d90003db583660e9bb7e8aee5be0 |
We follow the recent study {{cite:971a663e603beff87ea1db9c0483ba2e84d5133d}} to evaluate defences against two optimization-based attacks in FL: the classical optimization-based method named DLG attack {{cite:39f97ab8daf3b712a4b1445b4c86855d681158be}}, an improved version called GS attack {{cite:05332da899f4fa15109697b0... | m | 44a233e626c2f1298ec52f6014227c10 |
The gauge/gravity duality {{cite:ee29a29aba7dc8196a4aeaa1d165686fbf23e098}}-{{cite:00d2ce2f34d13ff3bb1c451259e676b4ac4a0f13}} has been applied to strongly correlated systems as an efficient tool to handle the strong coupling.
In the context of this duality,
a theory of superconductivity was set up {{cite:568fac3b4eb710... | i | b934eeb215d3a1ae2ec0d9f200cdddf9 |
Estimation of the covariance matrix is a classic topic. In high-dimensional statistics the role of sample covariance matrices is central to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and to linear least squares. Most of the existing work focuses on estimation of covariance matrices under different structural assumptions allowi... | i | e459a04ec42c25ec11ad7a52724ffce3 |
In this section, we give a broad overview of the various methods employed in this work for GNN training and accuracy evaluation including: virtual sample generation, CEFEM modeling, HEDM, and GNN surrogate modeling. In addition, details regarding the various training and testing data used are provided. A schematic of t... | m | 9ca45d6a4f0088aa6651bba137a3e5b4 |
Data privacy for deep learning has become a challenging problem for many application domains including Natural Language Processing. For example, healthcare institutions train diagnosis systems on private patients' data {{cite:9721af23070b9bbfe88172acf7ff1388b497b8dd}}, {{cite:457975dfcd2becb288f7b4172383d612fe723626}}.... | i | ecc71f298af6e0f7a14c009dc2bd9f09 |
This work studies the relation between contrastive instance discrimination and feature learning. While we focus specifically on contrastive learning, it would be of interest to also study feature learning for other empirically successful self-supervised methods {{cite:487748d502f3aacf271c69e23a2564dcac5ab2b7}}, {{cite:... | d | 9d3ad7e38122e6238f76b95bf20709dd |
One of the most common attributes among different organisms in nature is to dwell in groups or move in consensus and mimic the activities of their local neighbors, the reason of which can be traced back to the survival instinct of those organisms. The examples of which can be found in systems as small as bacterial aggr... | i | 54e66db4f35c1250b1a6d701ebdd13bb |
The first one assumes that the 3D surfaces of point clouds can be computed from the 2D manifold by consecutive mapping(folding-based methods). For example, FoldingNet {{cite:2561f0f2633ee2b768df5f8636e5ea02fa2de8c6}} employed an encoder to extract the global feature of the partial point cloud and then used a 2D grid to... | m | c041849caf6583acab711afec1f780aa |
G. Baxter introduced the concept of Rota-Baxter operators on associative algebras
in his study of
fluctuation theory in probability {{cite:ca05c5e41f90493e0923a33ffd7a4ee7f4457f0e}}. Recently it has found many
applications, including Connes-Kreimer's {{cite:2359501ed72afd84d4899e568bdabd6b1c45beac}} algebraic
approach ... | i | 0669e5a9b59fb41cbf0fa7bbfcec7717 |
Our work extends the existing literature on sparsity and pruning. A very recent theoretical paper showed that simple linear sparse networks may be more robust to adversarial attacks {{cite:12a8fcf2fd62384bfc11255ebd16b5b07b2bc8f7}}. A number of papers have shown that it is possible to effectively introduce sparsity thr... | d | 278b7bb092e1256fc90a489d775203c3 |
Figure REF shows the results obtained by V-Net {{cite:e98e0c97017af9346a5416df90115b62470261fc}}, UA-MT {{cite:08afd1bcea4b7133e54707ac26ffce660c4c1faf}}, SASSNet {{cite:facfda2618b078c76e4aebf7c2ea1fd2057e3a5a}}, our MTCTL, and the corresponding ground truth on the MICCAI STACOM 2018 Atrial Segmentation Challenge fro... | r | 8525003fbe54a4778a62ec38343d26fd |
The Harris-Kesten theorem and exponential decay of correlations (see {{cite:14c805231982060b434888256a7f6406f720f81a}}) were also adapted to this setting, first for the case of the Bargmann-Fock field in {{cite:ba1e21db538c97e041fe0ca7bafb8cd3c61df895}}, and later, in an axiomatic setting, in {{cite:c3091201936de7bb7af... | r | 5b251292cd43f9d92414ebb8063b1e07 |
SampleHST leverages a Bag-of-Words (BoW) model {{cite:2ae081d96c497952193259504013810011ad6d7e}} as a count-based representation for each trace. By taking this representation as an input, we can generate a distribution of the mass values obtained from a forest of a tree-based classifier, namely Half Space Trees (HSTs) ... | i | 454ed23bb190c1f8d4cc130fabb12448 |
The most significant difference between proposed entropic herding and original point herding is that entropic herding represents the output distribution as a mixture of probability distributions. As for the applications of entropic herding, some of the desirable properties of density calculation and sampling, discussed... | d | fd50214b22a82d33f95bf8480cba3790 |
Deep learning models can learn a hierarchy of features, i.e., high-level features built upon low-level features. CNN {{cite:2e785cc700fdfa67b5147c85638d13116dfb9fb9}}, {{cite:a6564dd61e885af3fedfb5e9db92b74b4324b1e2}} is one popular type of deep learning models, in which trainable filters and local neighborhood pooling... | m | 433d2e8463332c1d8e36757f0d75ae3c |
Feature-based time-series analysis is a powerful computational tool for solving problems using sequential (e.g., time-ordered) data.
We have introduced theft, an open-source package for R which implements the extraction, processing, visualization, and statistical analysis of time-series features.
The value of time-seri... | d | dfbd429682dba5d7f6664f12c9867400 |
While the net magnetization energy current is always zero, its bulk and surface counterparts in magnetic materials and metamaterials can be very significant. To calculate the Poynting vector, the bulk magnetization energy flux, {{formula:8ed67d59-c4ea-4cd4-bd72-c09f2b017f18}} , should be added to the electromagnetic en... | d | ebf914fac0e634852da465bcaa02c306 |
Given the (approximate) solution of (REF ), we again apply a line-search and follow the Armijo rule to verify the sufficient decrease, which is referred to as the damped- or relaxed Newton method.
We shall also mention that Newton's method is commonly combined with a so-called Wolfe condition, see {{cite:bde5bce9950f15... | m | e61e9bedf4de40474c0428f5eac62863 |
{{cite:c58100a000768ac3d3c824e2eeba6349c8677297}} show that non-saturating GAN training approximately
minimizes an objective function.
The objective function derived there is expressed as {{formula:b0d3b751-c3ba-41cf-b828-5810c06720a5}} , which is a
rearrangement of the expression {{formula:01952052-0533-46de-a200-c954... | d | 02c1ea89447ceb9f88fdc913648ee205 |
Overall, we discovered that large label taxonomies tend to mean that the choice of method for ground-truth inference is redundant. This may be due to some relation to the class subset sample size, as it can be seen from the overall sample sizes that CT and EM both have some sensitivity to this. Keeping in mind that it ... | d | 6e5d5fdc673914043def01cf04411531 |
OOD robustness.
Beyond uncertainty quantification, the superior accuracy and calibration of ensembles under dataset shift is also often attributed to ensemble diversity {{cite:7ac16eb284fbf8b35af9e1f63b1b699961058674}}, {{cite:abdfc36f6d55c0e4dfa5220d89b6782575110cc8}}.
However, our results show these qualities again a... | i | a1caa5636f62cfc82d452e0cf8f27801 |
Both VAEs and GANs are able to outperform Gaussian Noise on MNIST dataset (compare Figure REF a) with b) and c)).
VAEs are also able to obtain excellent results on the CelebA dataset, where some samples are arguably indistinguishable from real people. Together with the results of statistical tests this is enough to cl... | d | 9ce5d11982ac1e2463ad6e951a863005 |
The systematic study of integrability in {{formula:5d2f2545-fd89-42c3-a7f6-e2b56aa0f406}} CFT has been initiated by Bazhanov, Lukyanov and Zamolodchikov in {{cite:11005e0869ac292bec0708fd191ff60d11d749ba}}, {{cite:eeec312dafcfc3fc8e08676292842f596c6dead6}}, {{cite:34dd7f5c61224cccc3a452ed43aaeadda29ea339}} (the so cal... | i | 732f6339dfa0144e55bd8482453da7eb |
We use numerical simulations to compare the performance of the proposed schemes. For reference, we also simulate another setup, called virtual MISO, where the spatial multiplexing gain at the receiver side is used only for achieving a beamforming gain. For this setup, we consider just one receive beamforming vector {{f... | r | b0498f6e1fdb3d26e6bd0c3a161ad3fd |
We have listed the 20 stars which contribute the most to the diffuse flux at {{formula:5e501207-9a57-4b0b-a063-593eb31a1d48}} in Table REF . The two stars which contribute the most flux at any value of {{formula:d5b4b615-8a4b-4c59-a628-3ecefed9054a}} are near the right edge of Fig. REF accounting for part of the ris... | r | e737862134bc4ca01cc2aa15a758b765 |
This perspective opened new doors to analysis but did not explain the effectiveness of training neural networks using the widely used gradient descent approach. {{cite:db4917ab40d4e403a82a3bf2b3e2e363909b40b2}} developed the solution to this by further generalizing infinite-width neural networks via a recursively defin... | i | 960d3e209555675c3ac0f61146fa6b76 |
Altogether, these results may be seen as a strong indication of the existence of an internal, non-trivial, microscopic black hole structure, which should represent the starting point for explaining the black hole macroscopic behavior. Unfortunately, owing to the classical no-hair theorems, it is almost impossible for a... | i | 32818773048d0b43afc547c5d328ba9f |
First, we observe that our model significantly outperforms models that use extensive sets of hand-crafted features {{cite:80536def9e5fb6b9033103123dbf43c0b330c99b}}, {{cite:a6f55490b06db347f9fc402355387a16fdec88c9}} as well as the system of {{cite:81f0f33faf049fda83aad9ef1c687094c3bbfe79}} that uses NE and Entity Linki... | r | fcecc12cde95a2982cb726f866568626 |
The use of synthetic datasets has recently gathered pace in deep learning and such datasets have proven their value either as a replacement or as an augmentation to existing training data {{cite:ffd4f70317e0e0e4d9232a4dc9d1f42cb2d92c46}}, {{cite:69c1923e1a0003773ea47e6ff066c31a8adea712}}. Indeed, in {{cite:b9bc4f249a23... | m | e9ec2c108e72199b35bbc7c8760757c3 |
Generate a referring expression from the knowledge acquired from step (1).
In step (1), most previous work falls into two categories. {{cite:c504066f6b3769ab2635c50960a3dfbce4ddc241}} and {{cite:1a38886a255216176829471905dfff388e566f7a}} assume the information about objects and their properties are known to the agent g... | m | 42e360606ec1eeebd81165509a9ae7b6 |
ML Applications and Datasets: LC-Checkpoint is evaluated on four typical ML applications: Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), LeNet-5 (Lenet) {{cite:4fa1ac1210f8c7f78cb1b116a3f3a67b01cd1693}}, AlexNet {{cite:e92ab0e1e643f1318ce8f2cd78a24cafef339844}} and Matrix Factorization (MF). The first three applications are tr... | m | 19c5110eb5d8981cbd26e8263351d6e9 |
We implemented the aforementioned neutral-neutral reactions with a rate coefficient
of 10{{formula:e808de38-00d7-4dbb-bee7-fe2137a57843}} cm{{formula:52c9d058-4e5f-44a5-b4cd-8b47ad82b68c}} s{{formula:cc5aab18-1a17-49cf-a097-cc9edeff2c9f}} in a gas-phase chemical model, in which we adopted
typical physical conditions... | d | 7d193df4e8a168507cdf7fade6963d26 |
Our method determines two (pregrasp and grasp) 6D poses from a point cloud captured from a single RGB-D sensor. In this section, we summarise the important steps from data acquisition to the grasp pose generation.
Given a raw input point cloud, all unreachable structures are cropped. We then use Random Sample Consensus... | m | 5b257dbeb8d120738e6903a152e050b8 |
This study has some limitations. Firstly, we did not compare our approach to a variety of existing methods for ensemble generation, e.g. snapshot ensembles {{cite:cea5c06e11ab6cf0467b5e6aa61d00a1dd6f1733}}. However, these methods are heuristic, and as discussed in the related work, our method can be used in conjunction... | d | 59883cf9e659dd68590c4812cbe47c03 |
We note that the SVGP framework for scaling Gaussian process is one
approach to build upon for our application — other frameworks for scaling
kernel methods could have been employed. One example is random (or
carefully selected) features for approximating the kernel
function {{cite:9c81caca56c19d8e5d43b62da7407526920be... | m | 9bc19a4832bd9bfd8829fb9553789f57 |
Since Sn doping could effectively suppress the BHV ordering, it is natural to check its influence on superconductivity. The temperature-dependent resistivity down to 0.3 K is shown in Fig. REF a and their {{formula:20ddf500-5232-415c-977f-07eb11fe0ac5}} s are extracted in Fig. REF b. We can see that IrSb{{formula:cc92a... | r | b6cc2291dbc394d4f1889ea53f062f9f |
The TSI is the integral over the entire solar radiation spectrum that ranges from X-rays to radio waves. The bulk of solar radiant energy is in the visible (Vis, 400–700 nm), followed by the infrared (IR, 700 nm–1 mm) and ultraviolet (UV, 100–400 nm) bands. Measurements of the SSI also started in the 1970s, but are les... | i | 5ca0eac4d59bd580f3003c0a99cc3624 |
Approaches based on unsupervised learning are the most popular way for anomaly detection, because they do not require labeled anomalous instances to train anomaly detectors.
The simple strategy of unsupervised image anomaly detections relies on a training of reconstruction processes for normal images using a deep convo... | i | fe5489c39ee43eaebf517b307561413e |
With the inferred properties of ISM and IGM as above, we can speculate the following astrophysical situation for the jets in NGC 5322. The jets in NGC 5322 are undergoing weak entrainment from the ISM within the galaxy and further even much weaker entrainment outside the galaxy in the IGM. The slow-down process of the ... | d | 34ed108451743eed55f0cbb2ed68f027 |
Selection of explainable methods: As discussed above various methods under the three categories tell us different things about the basis of predictions and they compliment each other to further explain the model predictions. But attribute methods give the most information, followed by signal methods and function method... | m | fbb4bea0b8b61dc0b75d4703e6fc4c37 |
The nontrivial quadrupole moment of C{{formula:30e6975d-8f47-4242-b19f-f2f77be4adb4}} N can be understood from the symmetry properties and Wannier centers of the occupied states.
For a one-atom-thick 2D system, the entire two-dimensional plane is mirror-invariant, which means that all states in the plane can be classif... | r | 7847d3f35a1fbf85d1226ea207603701 |
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are state-of-the-art models for most computer vision tasks, such as semantic segmentation. A CNN typically stacks a large number of convolution operations to aggregate contextual information {{cite:20499403938a803573435c9f3e0050af39170ab2}}.
Each convolution is associated with ... | i | 16bdaa8d067d7fc98c8f5cf2d190f693 |
In this paper, we have not observed the formation of long tails in the collision models considered
in Section REF . However, when we described the results obtained in some collision models, such as
Tom and Rot, we mentioned that some spiral arms have been formed. It must be emphasized that these structures can
also be ... | d | c8af53a9aa2d9609e5d10d18a54960ca |
consisting of a {{formula:41a94d86-9a63-4f6f-aa95-e10ed45ebc54}} edges connecting the vertex {{formula:ff37d37d-f6f5-4b4b-988d-bf502b6ca77a}} to vertex {{formula:60eacc53-6aee-48f9-b2b1-b8df3f6cd51c}} which itself has {{formula:d7eb64ab-b2a5-4763-957c-a6eedf4bc042}} -loops. If all finitely generated projective modul... | r | 76919b1705dbc20e21c4961f4e402fe0 |
Memory consumption. Our training scheme significantly reduces memory consumption compared to the standard BP training. This is because Skip-Sideways is a temporal training scheme that forward-propagates all the information (activations and pseudo-gradients), without the need to store activations throughout the sequence... | r | 02b7c6d659c68449fbe0137a5f892e22 |
H2 can in fact be available in large quantities when a planet has accreted primordial H/He envelopes. Hydrogen-dominated envelopes are likely shaping the radii of sub-Neptunes {{cite:86e8bfad46223111ca8c2a6eda6542b7eb7cb3f6}}, {{cite:baf01a852c9fc644c23fb1d88c1fa8dc06f328e7}}, although additional large water budgets ar... | d | 7d9e13f3b530138c522cae877e4bcda5 |
We recover that ensembling improves performances {{cite:992284d44c5b6952594e32f79087538c187945c9}}, as one single network (1-net) performs significantly worse than ensemble approaches with 4-branches ResNet-32. Members' disagreements decrease internal temperature and increase uncertainty estimation. DICE performs best ... | r | 1b856d7fd2e4c7ebd965eeac6d93d57d |
In this section, we comprehensively investigate BER and PAPR performance for the proposed SEFDM-IM systems. All investigated SEFDM-IM systems have been detailedly described in Section . The results of classical OFDM-IM and traditional SEFDM-IM-Tra systems are provided as benchmarks.
The performance comparisons of class... | r | 5a51f9d7f0e97daba03b64d81555c495 |
Polynomial Network (PolyNet) {{cite:247015db6e9b9f3b94a8ecb132386a4d1dac4ac7}} is a recently proposed method that utilizes polynomial kernel on all features. We compare the augmented PolyNet (which adds a constant one to the feature vector {{cite:b0b280159217b3b2454ef7cdfb6844b16c997ad0}}) with up to the second-order, ... | m | 254f9b3452577a6520581a0bb6354155 |
where p{{formula:a13144f9-401c-4f9f-806f-928c6e4db3c1}} and p{{formula:53b20c24-ab71-49d1-8fc2-4162f0d5a70d}} are the bulk dipole moments along the two reciprocal lattice directions and the term of {{formula:087b5a87-3b9e-4c0b-99d3-15500ec789d6}} denotes the C{{formula:62b24c8c-5449-4401-a3ec-62c03b11923e}} eigenva... | r | 6d52bcc4caafb996cc1190f85857449a |
In the motivating example, the proposed diagnostic indicated that naively fusing data from the two ACTG trials may not be valid, which was expected due to known differences in CD4 cell counts. While the differences in eligibility by CD4 count are apparent in the inclusion criteria, data sources from different places or... | d | 10108e83d89058cb48a5a84b3d2804ce |
{{cite:15d405593973859caaf5cc303b972db1acc6da0b}} found that BAL QSOs on average have higher Eddington ratios and accretion rates than those of non-BAL QSOs in a small sample of BAL QSOs, and a similar conclusion has been corroborated by recent studies (e.g., {{cite:65830fcae904f8b38a49e8a1e6f8130649ff9721}}, {{cite:96... | d | 5b9d2305ec301230d67e29db12ce500e |
One of the most promising topics of modern research in cosmology is the accelerated expansion of the universe. Cosmologists argue that the accelerating expansion of the universe depends on dark energy and dark matter which retains negative pressure. As a substitute of {{formula:789aa0d5-2760-4446-8bf7-8ab391aa7b3f}} , ... | i | 0d84a91cf299e034483a5869f026c910 |
Then, to infer a statistically significant ranking of the methods, we rely on the non-parametric Friedman test {{cite:4f4956b763a2c236b5cf3d9e806da50c65b5a78a}}. The null hypothesis {{formula:8b5b4492-4693-4ba5-b4fc-e548dfd18739}} of the Friedman test is that “The mean performance for each method is equal”, while the ... | m | 7eb7134f387b799d8bea2644d1f2c27e |
With the CBCT and MR segmenters extracted from APA2Seg-Nets, we integrate the segmenters into our anatomy-guided multimodal registration pipeline for registering MR to CBCT. The CBCT and MR liver segmentation from segmenters are inputted into RPM to generate the transformation parameters. For qualitative studies, we fi... | r | 584a2f45d5b0c26095268a09fbf7248e |
Lemma 3 Let {{formula:31e0f7c6-c38f-4a8b-936a-da233d5c6e18}} be a nonempty set (possibly uncountably infinite). Let {{formula:1a20d63b-bad9-446b-9427-5501beea144f}} and
{{formula:a8585ae7-3965-41c6-9f8c-f6c03b09b560}} for {{formula:f511d342-91e4-4f1a-8add-1cc5b5a233de}} be measurable spaces.
Then [see similar Lemm... | r | 13926eb3e55ecf3548e8e47c975b2b38 |
Figure REF (a) shows a fine-structure split Gd{{formula:a977d1c6-8d47-4557-83fe-5cd5bdd627f0}} ESR spectrum at {{formula:280a5a8d-9f3a-407c-82c9-fd53d361fb83}} = 4 K for Sm{{formula:57cf5803-ea68-400f-92a2-1c3af869ca36}} Gd{{formula:698a9e23-bc4f-4bfd-9eb6-6281cb68668e}} B{{formula:b9195f53-4e59-47ed-ba26-a1ffde6e4c... | r | dd0bd14a3a62bb6859acd6f4461c6576 |
We provide a Gaussian approximation technique for an expectation of smooth functions via the Stein's identity.
The technique has been developed by several studies {{cite:eb87f92fe94f71cd0e8471aebf55f6be1ed4abd4}}, {{cite:7b62cbf48958b7090b47d5d8d213767958ad5f97}}.
The following lemma is a straightforward application of... | r | fca69dfed3f243c4f29743f3a90e1683 |
The coincidence between quantum probability and the degree of belief with coherence should be distinguished from other major interpretations of classical probability.
For example, in the logical interpretation of classical probability, (conditional) probability is equivalent to the measure of the plausibility of a logi... | d | 29fe497ec7ce0deb4eb4832d1469d9bd |
Our NIR spectroscopic observations have revealed that in addition to dust-formation, dLHdC and RCB stars can in most cases be distinguished based on their values of {{formula:5ce90188-2226-4e54-9f43-5c3f3392338d}} O/{{formula:cd5262f4-8d8c-406e-aec9-c9ce80998159}} O. dLHdC stars in general have a lower {{formula:dc6bb9... | d | caf438d6740224b0b1b671d45fdd453b |
The problem in a class of radially symmetric bodies was first stated and solved by Newton himself in 1687 in {{cite:ea905813a60842268a5583ba347468d6a382d8f1}}. The more general version of the problem was posed by Buttazzo and Kawohl in 1993 in {{cite:e16e022527b5b5a5843a34d61e3f16032f10cda7}}. This general problem can ... | i | 686dc17442671d80b1181c342e36af30 |
Moreover, {{formula:c2ecd187-cce2-4a0f-bc7d-b53e81c781da}} does satisfy the Hörmander's rank condition {{cite:23a5c9704d19e52d8164200f09a32484d43f94c7}}
{{formula:2b29ac7a-5ee1-4066-b42d-defbcbca7fb7}}
| i | efbffb3f2d22a8411e9040e94046dc83 |
Decomposing data into disjoint independent factors of variations, i.e., learning disentangled representations, is essential for interpretable and controllable machine learning {{cite:d08fed4457020fa388d455bc84170bfae0e71497}}.
Recent works have shown that disentangled representation is useful for abstract reasoning {{c... | i | 1542a84fa0313939c834da7570dab58b |
Therefore, this paper aims to add the influence of the laser field during electron-nucleon scattering when {{formula:85a3fe4c-eae1-40ae-94e3-f9ea7ff1761b}} is comparable to the nucleon radius. In order to analyze the influence of the laser field on the electric form factor, the nucleon will be treated as a spinless pa... | i | e5f3ffd3688aacf5539d3edfc18024ce |
Parton showers are a cornerstone of computer simulations for high-energy
collider physics {{cite:fb9bcd38a41e743993a9b6d404d59381f137df76}}, {{cite:5bb2e6710c314b6ecfb64a9e221d6de8202957f7}}. They implement
the evolution of QCD from the hard scales to be probed by experiments,
to the low scale of hadronization, where t... | i | ef3a8ee02a2574874a6fd09c8b274c43 |
Fourthly, what the previous sections prove is that Alice is capable to steer Bob state in Paris by choosing different measurements at Tokio. This is possible due to the spreading over large distances of the entangled wavefunction, i.e. the spreading of the single-particle entangled wavefunction. To produce the steering... | d | 968586ea1df62ce88bda53512c7beeb4 |
Whenever the statistics of a measurement on a composite quantum state contradict the assumptions of local realism, thus violating a Bell-type inequality, the correlations are referred to as nonlocal {{cite:6020cd4d7d98c04ee04300fb7af43beea177de95}}.
These nonlocal correlations are used to certify private randomness in ... | i | 63d29710e568da8137259e714a649eac |
where the parameter {{formula:a2f503dd-ce2e-4999-86fe-834329815feb}} can be further reparameterized as {{formula:73e6f545-df99-49f7-8313-cb25d27e0e37}} with {{formula:911ed88b-794d-43d6-bff7-f8fdd5e9b333}} and {{formula:4263f0bb-cefc-483c-aa64-096ff3ba726e}} is the mass of the exchanged meson. The model parameter {... | r | 0ba351417f272782673c47f162099987 |
This modulation is then generated a number of times ({{formula:ed8d7cd9-bacc-4878-9cbd-fa5ee45570dd}} ), saved, and fit to a gaussian corresponding to the probability of observing a given modulation amplitude for either the background only or signal+background case. These distributions are then compared to assess the a... | m | bce78d4a798563177b7231892534aa59 |
The framework proposed in {{cite:90034a70c5bf01faf6936becdbd4126ade1f4c0c}}, {{cite:5ab058f198366ee9546c877cc63a23e3a0a9795f}}, {{cite:06e4ab27247eb092cb5140c0a2dbd19f431c93b0}} relies on a systematic study of bouncing junctions at geometric and fluid interfaces. For regular junction hypersurfaces, one can use Israel's... | m | 74b93b83bc3ea40f5c2e13c9e4dbc123 |
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