text stringlengths 54 548k | label stringclasses 4
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Finally, let us note that much of the canonical approach to quantum cosmology is based on promoting {{formula:1e887fee-b4c0-4301-82da-50686e813e25}} (or some function thereof) to an operator, together with its conjugate momentum, and imposing commutativity relations. This is the basis of Wheeler-deWitt quantum cosmolo... | d | d63954a620fb8975e0393c336dec24df |
In this section, we qualitatively demonstrate the performance of RFCnet by showing some ranking examples. Fig. REF shows some retrieval examples of existing methods, PCB {{cite:15f598bb826f9bdfa22a749fd1e4c95eabf95d9b}} and PGFA {{cite:116566356c505718993e8ae64afeae68c6413094}}, and our RFCnet method on Occluded-DukeM... | r | a5e7abb4d207e5992c740844d3bd48e3 |
Finally, we comment on the future research direction based on the present results. While Bi{{formula:d39f1b51-7eb2-4dc6-a024-17d991ff75a0}} Se{{formula:3735a3f1-0ccf-403f-bcac-61662b4a3739}} /CST is not suitable for realizing the QAHE due to the electron doping, it would be useful to fabricate (Bi{{formula:9d476f6f-4b5... | r | 93619536a3ee3027a5ee833de83b31ee |
From a quantitative point of view, given HI and H{{formula:0fb06b57-2e25-46f6-82af-bfdfe97c5e4a}} masses, cold gas is often quantified in terms of the comoving neutral and H{{formula:92bf1144-2427-4671-9455-eabdf3bff32a}} mass density parameters, {{formula:5dc8e364-399a-49e8-97d7-61362ad507e5}} and {{formula:1059ac5... | r | 86bb199a275ef9a447aa6fd80c78502d |
For domain generalization study, we conducted leave-one-domain-out cross validation on the multi-domain fundus image dataset. We first considered all the available training domains as a single dataset (i.e., ignoring the domain shift in training set) and trained a U-Net {{cite:c3bc08184c32ba4141db2da1ccf707a03f6d6858}}... | m | 9d6adc1faf7750bd01db5c9d7b6da4a3 |
Recent computational {{cite:a591c163473b07432eb2da282690ed42a9e3f1df}}, psychophysical {{cite:c25e9ff3186510a548fa7c7a41aa14d380a56316}}, and fMRI {{cite:abc8688c57504ade6c6393a03a48d5a4e2189de8}} experiments demonstrate that the informative intermediate complexity features are optimal for object categorization tasks. ... | d | 9ba70203ad85dda33c9c678535161850 |
where {{formula:e7314b14-abc2-4a05-a212-648ec9b9e638}} is the decision variable and {{formula:85a16e83-2cf5-4418-8dd0-d48492f2f8c5}} is an uncertain variable.
One principled approach to handle (REF ) is robust optimization (RO)
{{cite:29449b8716a8fd11c0f5cbc933fea69884ea288c}}, {{cite:00a3957069f38b825ecd6a8d7c7d53c8... | i | 343da86df5968e5a71ae69293617f840 |
Hard {{formula:1cf9dee7-4eaa-4d5c-a549-c8241d6f3763}} values also suggests that our line of
sight is not significantly off the burst axis {{cite:be45261c88f112d8e082376b593d692fa32cb040}}, and that the
central engine is active throughout the burst duration. At large off-axis angles and when
the central engine is off, ... | d | 4f911374265c6075a300f2ea47768daa |
In this appendix, we discuss related work from two branches: training approaches for randomized smoothing, and data-dependent randomized smoothing.
Both branches aim to improve the certified robustness of randomized smoothing.
For tighter certification approaches leveraging additional information, a detailed discussion... | d | c2d01aec470dd25245e9b27f83f8ebee |
In spite of a caveat of double counting by including the data of
{{formula:d3246f18-0b08-4a5a-93bc-5f82a7f81f47}} in the analysis {{cite:1c2c34d2ad07ea7101312b6fe055feaffe032136}}, the cancellation of
systematic uncertainties in this quantity brings additional
constraining power in the fit. The NRQCD calculations pres... | r | 1565278a0605d56cbf0c109158874885 |
Another projection algorithm for solving
eq:feasibilityproblem can be obtained by applying directly the
FB algorithm to eq:minaveragedprojections. Let {{formula:d9b9967b-5a77-4888-b932-0c9fff07e4d8}} be
given by eq:ffeasibility, and denote {{formula:08b0f275-8602-4173-bd7f-a76c57e85102}} and {{formula:9dce48eb-cfdb-4... | m | 61512aa1d66cb36ae5e2fe76a7010b71 |
{{figure:7e94419d-113b-4d57-83c4-3df8566a9987}}Depth recovery by RGBD & Depth-only approaches. (a) Depth map estimated from ground-truth RGB-image using MiDaS {{cite:01b2bb32045bd1daaa4461228780cb7161208e42}}. (b) Depth channel of RGBD reconstruction directly from fMRI. (c) Depth recovery directly from fMRI, where bo... | r | 24882f58b4cadcdb38784841a42bf873 |
This paragraph introduces Bioformer, a Vision Transformer (ViT) {{cite:b95e7eb612fea2f5f660eaf537e3ce191fab21c3}} inspired architecture, which significantly reduces the computation complexity for sEMG-based gesture recognition, while reaching an accuracy comparable with the state-of-the-art.
Further, we propose a new p... | m | ef40d89a0dd4fc53cd45af4ce7c83179 |
In the development of game theoretic models, there is a fundamental tension between constructing a model that is both simple enough to be tractable and descriptive enough to be useful.
In cybersecurity, this tension is exacerbated due to the high-stakes associated with decisions in conjunction with the fact that the ge... | i | 1cfad7208b22bf64a251360cb80dcc37 |
The IceCube data {{cite:200d3c7eb9f57d7ec765aec56c8505d2c1ea6a79}} are plotted in Figure REF . They are consistent with a spectrum given by {{formula:b6780c7c-bb35-4994-97e7-1b6df2edbc0b}} up to an energy of {{formula:535372e5-06f5-4eb5-ad5c-24b5f1507bc5}} 2 PeV, the energy of the so-called "Big Bird" event. No neutri... | r | 92639507442935fe1c3c9f12cae203c1 |
Exponential moving average emsemble.
Inspired by the mean teacher {{cite:bb0caa08259bbc55eebe680fdcab9894b75f24fb}}, after the pseudo ground truth learning, we ensemble the models from all 5 refinement iterations by exponentially moving average their parameters with a successive weight {{formula:7eded964-900b-4573-bfdb... | r | d32d2366c11fe226b4f6a7765cded0cc |
Several comments are in order. First, in our preliminary study we assumed that the cumulants of the net proton number are a good proxy for the cumulants of the net baryon number {{cite:d2e92ee9f3e55da95ecb383791e231003505b1e1}}, which is likely too crude of an approximation (see, e.g., {{cite:e0519ee5dd8e81dd5c10fce326... | d | 2c576e0233c1285db76ef3a35704da5f |
An apparent downside of the proposed approach is the graph and its adjacency grows with resolution of image (number of pixels/elements).
This issue is partially offset by sparse storage of the adjacency matrix, in general, and largely ameliorated by data that is on the same discretization, as in this work.
In future wo... | d | 9166da5e5f2068b0ce00b886dec2b82b |
The idea of missingness-pattern-specific analysis dates back to {{cite:cca83aee23e59a149b91b14d8798496066b953d2}}, {{cite:e5bb10bf1a1538c15a5ecc3144ba6d72bac59194}}, and {{cite:16c5ca90fc3f1b0605dc047ef439c664082e9ac2}}, yet its use for analyzing experiments with missing covariates remains mostly unexploited to the bes... | m | 3ea9cc2e80999d7e2e5cc4e364fa4744 |
In this work we apply the chiral quark model (ChQM) {{cite:5607bbf47a7fa1ab926e42ee0af2bf413de11e23}} to deal with the strong decays of the singly heavy baryons.
In this framework, the spatial wave functions of heavy baryons
are described by harmonic oscillators, and an effective chiral Lagrangian is
then introduced to... | i | 97e1dd5b9753df79a775eebc2152640c |
To tackle the real-world data, which may not have a set of prototypical examples representing the data well, we can also utilize both the prototypical examples and criticism samples that don’t fit the model well {{cite:49969e13773d4f7dbdb013bc79d0f19209767587}}.
The MMD-critic (maximum mean discrepancy-critic) method u... | m | 59077ce0d354b2e3de00ab33cfbbdc72 |
Because of the specific boundary conditions {{cite:c07800ef2712261c7d29a90e8c0c96afb72a8de0}} and
the importance of including the demagnetisation energy contribution, our
predictions cannot be directly applied to other helimagnetic materials
without repeating the stability study. For instance, although the size of
skyr... | d | 9366837de71eb841547c0705ad90987b |
One of the important conceptual problems in theoretical physics is the origin of a mass {{cite:67f4d61571e50555027ac5d7fcf1c98d9dc09161}}, and hence the existence of the mass gap itself {{cite:4d0fad8fe4d40492041753f7135d10b74b836231}}. Our findings provide new insights into its dynamical generation at the fundamental ... | d | fd555eeec5d0957441821f63fb41bfa3 |
where {{formula:2f6bcb38-97b0-4a64-b44e-eb4b5d98d0e9}} denotes the next state given the current state {{formula:3d4ee4a0-a2de-4f31-a9f8-c145021835fc}} and action {{formula:53d3c06c-cec8-4829-9f0f-3432ffc05dd5}} .
It has been shown that
{{formula:af641105-2c24-4d7b-a7e8-6519612f9382}} ,
meaning that the TD, i.e. {{for... | m | bde9b94dd5ee58cd4e850d771a2a10cf |
Design choices of AutoCI.
Dissimilar to generic algorithms, clinical algorithms must deal with unique challenges in terms of ensuring the safety {{cite:14f3595a6e553287c5e9cd817ff9beabb03ca256}} and robustness. Error-prone algorithms can potentially lead to critical errors in medical care. Driven by the need to develop... | d | dc1fe17cf152ee81796dde0d0e49dfea |
Supersymmetric theories with eight supercharges in five and six dimensions are a very rich subject that has been investigated over the past decades. Lots of recent progress in this subject have been made in the classification of 5d and 6d superconformal theories (SCFTs) {{cite:122a540b35112c6e06a76e4c1d9e590d40cd8500}}... | i | 6ebeb528b9c9cd88e8d2f7036e124c28 |
Particle filters often perform poorly for high-dimensional systems due to
the fact that the particle weight typically concentrates on one, or
a small number, of particles –see the work of Bickel and Snyder in
{{cite:78c23b08f31d9f3a172b0fcaa20b3e479e4f9cbe}}, {{cite:2773b3c7f061022d5c23412912bea66af678da25}}, {{cite:62... | d | 17a3f9b11b16ebe27a89c1e97bbf4491 |
Generally speaking, the megastructure might be constructed by advanced Type-I civilization from extraterrestrial resources without launch costs {{cite:b0fb074c7f4bd66c6cb658c94e27788cab0a5250}}, but let us consider the worst case: the Solar energy is stored and then utilized to launch material on the orbit.
| r | 3c07bd9a66d240495def213257c76cb2 |
Conclusions.–Result 3 provides an efficient way for verifying special multipartite entanglements. This intrigues a natural problem to explore new way for general multipartite entanglements. While the entanglement is the weakest nonlocality of quantum states, one may explore new hierarchies in terms of the so-called mul... | r | 7d158c65d5b5703af81e80a826821b2a |
Assumption REF is required by {{cite:ed2ed217a6f73a2d24d35fda47a26df1c0ea2231}} to ensure that the iterates generated by randomized solvers converge in expectation.
It can be easily verified for some sketching matrices.
For example, in randomized Kaczmarz method, {{formula:c163c70f-ddd6-45ea-bd2e-a219ca352274}} with ... | r | b6657d51c083698c9da198ebd5edf1da |
In both our benchmarks, models based on RealNVP {{cite:26222d9ef4a3e31e218b2411d68914731a80228e}} and the standard autoencoder take the lead, while other invertible architectures seem to struggle in various ways.
Success in our experiments was neither tied to maximum likelihood training, nor to the use of a supervised ... | d | 2d1599f431f72e2fad4cef374ac13daa |
The IPW estimator {{formula:cd93fb76-7c3b-4ae4-a6b1-4ff655c5b6c8}} is the same as the regression estimator {{formula:29e0e78d-2a54-4e53-b8ef-56b76461a1da}} when {{formula:abaabbee-6301-4c10-aca9-553ba9301a4e}} is discrete, but when {{formula:8ddeec68-df62-4886-b271-1ea9447232c1}} is continuous, generally, they are ... | m | 4b34f8ca65127cf12a323355754de0c8 |
State-of-the-art deep learning models in AI, approaching or even surpassing human's object classifying capabilities (such as {{cite:95d6c8784c4eb6c56cd620ea4f64a7819c44f3ef}}, {{cite:2e6363aee56f4c281256819b7d204d4eaadf33ff}}), require vast training sets comprising millions of training
data {{cite:8c695aa8dea9c1ff26588... | i | 33e7cad11b79f3192fff13ca65b9c9d9 |
Theoretical analysis of transfer learning. Prior works on transfer learning mainly analyze linear probing {{cite:29507c8992f11738f3530f3b24405ede4d08ab3f}}, {{cite:c21f8f9c420eca05128bfa4c38b625ed21e44d45}}, {{cite:7d1c6e9d1c48fd7b308853c6d12cf33efed1d2c2}}. In recent work, {{cite:7ce828b38e6202d52eff409be11a9fba2eaaf0... | d | 242515d83ee839abdde3bdf5c47c3924 |
For the prediction of patient outcomes after treatment of brain cancer, most machine learning studies have focused on MRI-based prediction of progression-free survival or overall survival, which will therefore be discussed in more detail here. A systematic review by Sarkiss et al. identified nine articles on survival p... | m | eae7ba6ea5e5267ba997872424897e7e |
To directly evaluate the accuracy of the built correspondence, we evaluate the warped exemplars on DeepFashion dataset where paired data are available by treating person images under different poses as the exemplar and the ground truth.
Hence, we can measure the distance between the warped exemplars and the ground trut... | d | 9c72b69ce56bc8f090e2c189e096eb0c |
By introducing a periodization procedure in momentum-space we
were able to analyze our result in terms of experimentally
observable quantities in the nodal and antinodal points of
momentum space (section ), making contact with recent
spectroscopy experiments{{cite:823e21a0849de8137b21ac6e48ac302e61e037f0}}, {{cite:afdc... | r | 5fd919f1779a8955b77b921e52fad26f |
Assuming the finite entropy of de Sitter space implies that the microscopic quantum gravity description involves a discrete spetrum of energy eigenstates, that are presumably most effectively captured by a holographic theoryRecently, some properties of such a holographically dual description have been investigated by c... | d | 83229e9cfa8d40280f0393b22c7043d6 |
In this study, we empirically demonstrated that the final BN layer could still be eliminated in inference without compromising the attained performance gain. This finding supports the assertion that adding the BN layer makes the optimization landscape significantly smoother, which in turn renders the gradients' behavio... | d | 868b11cfe4c1e78a289a2ba4f4a94a92 |
The fundamental matrix solution {{formula:351a6d49-7cb4-4e58-af84-5d5be0bdfbd8}} of (REF ),(REF ),(REF ) in the {{formula:924ee01e-37e9-4b03-ac49-c0dada23ab9a}} -periodic problem, such that {{formula:357dd7e5-be81-4730-81e8-073f7ee06494}} , where {{formula:c3453638-5286-4502-9b22-c56a3449abbd}} is the identity matrix... | i | 04db991e2aadaf4a2b7211063d001fd6 |
We view our study as bridging recent deep learning advances in semantic representation with educational applications.
Predicting, characterizing, and ultimately, optimizing the quality of a learner's initial encounters with content has many potential applications for both human and machine learners.
Our results showed ... | d | 3e57c86360f3b6eaf231dd6293607708 |
The dimensionality reduction techniques used to generate the projections are principal component analysis (PCA) {{cite:4506eb0c18319848c8245fe2c72166740df25a2d}}, multidimensional scaling (MDS) {{cite:5502c5e2df23bc13e7d6977740f750169685d560}}, isometric feature mapping (Isomap) {{cite:a326d0794969c58d3a372f0b90656a244... | m | a3709ec6d4c3e10d90c54b5f0d75f712 |
Remark 2 Note that the singular set of our area minimizing surfaces comes from self-intersection, or more intuitively, of crossing type. In real analytic metrics, immersed minimal surfaces are locally real analytic varieties, so they cannot possess fractal self-intersections. Thus, if we strengthen Almgren's Problem 5.... | i | 0f582bc13bc9e40f629e077881b617de |
The present model given in Eq.(REF ) is derived from the distributed settings of entanglement generations {{cite:4b820b4d0a409593e5d41a39d750cd30d9f4221e}}, {{cite:9404d668f2ebc4e76326d417762f9b2aaacddf63}}. All the entangled states that have the decompositions in Eq.(REF ) are not symmetric from Theorem 1. This geomet... | d | 18619b15ab0f75c4abaa6728c440e1f1 |
Fact 3. (see e.g. Feller {{cite:89b5ecf5693f1f5f6c12308271174383119799cb}})
For {{formula:22db4469-6803-4e25-a81e-81b43e5dd9b2}} we have
{{formula:ed283848-dc61-40b7-b2e8-ef6a0e554c9e}}
| r | 5a43a60bfbe8fdf1d21ed4988d229d34 |
Before showing the results, we briefly mention the parameters involved in the discretization
and the numerical setup:
on the gravity side the bare coupling {{formula:ef5518d4-896a-40d5-bdcf-3cf01277dad9}} acts as a cosmological parameter
in front of the total volume, since the path-integral is weighted by {{formula:e2... | r | eb540b2c12c678681b8aae0ba8d77b95 |
where {{formula:dc5ab39a-c986-47b5-af85-02719756f4de}} denotes the identity matrix. Note that we allow the variance {{formula:a3a820de-01b6-447c-b0e4-2bf9f1b1240c}} to increase with each step {{cite:9a2b3bb40bd2009007322170860ee9076cecd229}}, {{cite:a34ff1d9e69d1408e5b1a33e443f1097db2ac0a0}}. The forward diffusion pr... | m | 9d8419c0569aa2aaa38367e5d8d7d9f8 |
and the coefficients {{formula:623ddd56-a4e0-449c-923b-003c33abe609}} are given by three-term recurrence relation {{cite:10674d66d78c8b53f1a035687b40ba41794bfcaf}}. This solution can be reduced to a confluent Heun polynomial of degree {{formula:d0279821-eed0-4632-9393-d674954cb1f1}} provided that the following condit... | m | 5be9e66081e4581ce98b8349ef25ef88 |
Experiment 2 aimed to explore how the dataset size used to fine-tune the models affected the overall performance. The findings from this experiment showed that, although a larger amount of samples will guarantee higher correlation and lower error rates, the performance gap is not necessarily large. This behaviour, wher... | d | e2e2bfedcf96c5a8ad4c9c31406a7eb1 |
Different social networks have been working to identify fake news and warn users.
It is pointed out that these actions may increase social welfare {{cite:e8cca4835b7e66b5610216a29c344d372de2fced}}, but identifying fake news sites and articles also raises important questions about who becomes the arbiter of truth. Notic... | i | 84dd4381045b511fd3016b903073d9a2 |
Recent advances in wireless communications and smart device technologies have promoted the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) with ubiquitous sensing and computing capabilities to interconnect millions of physical objects to the Internet. Nowadays, IoT constitutes an integral part of the future Internet and has ... | i | 11130db141a2c1efed75cece7674d6ce |
We extracted different hand engineered features like word {{formula:7296a516-421e-4b1a-bdb0-b39c9beffeae}} -grams, sentiment polarity, punctuation frequency, word frequency, emoji frequency and profanity level from tweets. We weighed {{formula:c499ad8c-2930-46fc-981a-30d49758f398}} -gram features using their term frequ... | m | 2f7a1104e7ae650a333d53abf94c34bf |
These methods aim to directly generate images of a person in novel views and poses using image-space rendering. Earlier methods treat the problem as an image-to-image translation task. Given an image of a target person with image representations of keypoints or dense meshes or semantic labels, these methods use an imag... | m | 204fc15f489e223e89b0564d145d2a13 |
where the constants {{formula:f85ba908-45cc-4af5-a00a-3b85629a2262}} and {{formula:827b332c-533c-41c4-a085-841452549827}} (see {{cite:9618b8d27dd0d87a282d0d1efd63bce6eaa98249}}). Note that the function {{formula:b79d70aa-e421-447a-b816-a3e0b6360574}} has
{{formula:8bd1efbc-b60d-4740-a54d-d3c64650f16f}} simple zeros... | i | 18156b5119b841db0f10473edaabfdb6 |
The tBLG used in this study were fabricated using a dry-transfer and “cut-and-stack” technique (Fig. REF ) instead of the “tear-and-stack” technique{{cite:fb66cae56d10e4b1b11f09558c2d82e9f211e2f6}}, {{cite:da16dda330ed8ce59b8f8f1d39b71c4c56d9295f}}. Prior to stacking, we first cut graphene into two pieces using AFM{{ci... | m | d34efecdf12ed0476287aa52b7ee956b |
This paper examines work began by Borodin, Gorin and Rains in {{cite:8a378f808ab69fdfc46de637e7aa8e9e0bdbc9f5}}. In op. cit., the authors examined {{formula:713dbcb7-81a2-4680-9fa9-f2e4dbba3404}} -distributed boxed plane partitions from several perspectives, but the {{formula:6e922c85-3cf7-43b5-969d-9783fffa60c9}} -dis... | i | 9b60d0990b56dcf7214756caae83f23b |
Our work opens several doors for future research. We could either add an extra hierarchy to model the size of the larger cluster {{formula:62ee8d2a-f53c-453c-9452-feab07fb39d6}} in a way that microclustering is preserved or consider a different joint distribution for the corresponding allelic partition {{formula:8e5a4... | d | 75aa69d42dee8c1779210b756891f81e |
We also evaluated the DP-SGD and subsample-and-aggregate methodsOther private prediction methods cannot be used here because deep networks violate assumptions REF and REF . on the CIFAR-10 dataset {{cite:dad19fa41ca428df26d3d061983e6266e24732b2}} using a ResNet-20 model (with “type A” blocks {{cite:de86c9be1c620295475... | r | 79a6c257f483b826b1629e7382f3af5d |
In the vicinity of a second order magnetic phase transition, the spontaneous magnetization {{formula:b8dfc722-c9b0-4bd2-a6c9-998578374378}} and initial
susceptibility {{formula:114c5e09-136e-48e6-afae-7ab2923c5d33}} can be described by a series of functions {{cite:af4d8767b116457c30baf23bb660f26bf852a7e2}}, {{cite:3e... | r | 04bd5a629ed8d089a20fb04037025c35 |
(1). ODIN: Researchers have proposed several methods to improve the OOD detection performance of a trained network by post-processing {{cite:0cd4a5f3521089bcc15d4595e4c57a7a24054f58}}, {{cite:82135a332b759f83afee0051ff6e741d0dae362c}}, {{cite:f060915e7cf7a96def969c319b5138c6c1b5e467}}. ODIN {{cite:0cd4a5f3521089bcc15d4... | m | 3c66dffeb64042f8b5414bee0832fd3f |
for all {{formula:1ea3cec4-a5b3-49b1-8c86-83aa2c981b42}} , see also {{cite:544415e7fbf81af2ceafecc7cfa9a70027e06200}}. Similar to Definition REF , we define classical Wronskian Hermite polynomials as
{{formula:577496f1-fd41-4b18-955b-606dbce52816}}
| r | 9891cd4febbf57db879996b20efd9c81 |
In Section , we argue that there exists a discrepancy between over-smoothing based theoretical results and the practical capabilities of deep GCN models, demonstrating that over-smoothing is not the key factor that leads to the performance degradation in deeper GCNs.
In particular, we mathematically show that over-smo... | i | 7def89dab53f412019fac6772ad35b53 |
Few-shot learning methods can be divided into three branches: metric-based, optimization-based and data augmentation-based {{cite:2c7414512157206e51518e198f386f3f509b60e0}}, {{cite:5f75053bd4620e1312da8ad2d5ca1dd64cf9f026}}, {{cite:e26ad0e04df7d5c2a7a72288e3ddb84f1a65ae9c}}. In this paper, we mainly focus on metric-bas... | m | 1c80a4d5b2f2fbd7e3b6a3ae34844e96 |
In this work, we have experimented with both image-based and 3D-based methods. Image-based methods includes TSN{{cite:af768c80fc5f5c79239f9afde3476d7df11cd26e}}, TSM {{cite:4e986a15545a34f0130d444bde2080c76ae8474f}}, TRN {{cite:8ac81a09d3e2ca7031c7a6722476a9b1065f8eab}} and TIN{{cite:27983aff8ef06850cc8b1d9cf75bfdb7911... | m | d0e868269e55fcee3001f06767f546ef |
The resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski momentum controversy for the
electromagnetic momentum and the energy–momentum tensor in a linear
medium is multifaceted, complex, and nuanced.
It is not sufficient to simply derive an electromagnetic momentum or
energy–momentum tensor from the macroscopic Maxwell equations.
That ... | i | befe666762fbec5d17f43ebe83101ec8 |
The artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can efficiently solve massive data, mathematically difficult non-linear and non-convex problems.
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as one of the powerful AI techniques has been considered as a promising candidate to handle the dynamic adaption problem in complicated environme... | i | 0e858a0a51c534f65ac44f4a25654921 |
One particularly interesting result of our investigations is that for sufficiently extended gaseous discs, capture is more likely than disruption (see end of Section ). Consequently, there are implications for how debris discs are recycled on timescales much longer than the {{formula:ab13830d-aa3f-40f7-ad39-6bbc67e8312... | d | 2a792ebd3ef86d4a16a2911e83dc9e7c |
Given a claim {{formula:8e65d342-4b9f-4c5d-b077-a1735b575b68}} , we first extract all entity mentions from {{formula:37c9beb7-1663-493c-9820-8155cb0f57d6}} by means of an entity linking tool {{cite:742b27957689d6fed555ae21505ad4fcd935f59c}}. We refer to the set of entity mentions in {{formula:df90a7d8-c031-420b-9996-8... | m | 925d4848239f9d09633c202049de2924 |
To ensure that the results in the previous subsection are not confined to a specific weight initialization scheme, we repeat the PCA projection process on fully-connected policies with two common and two uncommon initialization methods. Figure REF , below, displays networks initialized with He Normal {{cite:060be8a0953... | m | 3d5d0f5ecd623114f5c8745cf75e917f |
Thanks to recent advances in data acquisition and computing technologies, data-driven control has attracted considerable attention in the past years.
Designing control laws directly from data without resorting to any system identification step, offers an appealing alternative to the traditional model-based control para... | i | 2b6f783eb2c0e5e0463b5afa2274f44a |
When a Brownian particle diffuses in a geometric confinement, its
encounters with the reflecting boundary can be characterized by the
boundary local time {{formula:06f96ccc-c4f2-418c-ab71-6e0217586cb9}} , which plays the central role in the
theory of stochastic processes {{cite:3419f6ea8eb022e138f952e5fb8a6d087399b497}... | i | d3058177bdc9ea446c4536a03959aa74 |
Remark 5.3 (An alternative proof of Theorem REF .)
{{formula:ad3a35a8-d43c-4faf-823a-ee434abc8245}}
In order to derive formula (REF )
for the kernel
{{formula:0c1e1b66-b107-4570-9334-f71773801d20}} of the integral operator
{{formula:a2e94a3f-a493-4818-a39a-66c3354223e8}} in
eq. (REF ), one can replace the calculati... | m | c6f40ad832ee0fffbeb2a392bd05126e |
If the observed H{{formula:e51f82bc-6fef-4942-89f3-67aec1b8062d}} emission is indeed from an accretion shock, the shock also produces strong optical continuum emission that reduces the line-to-continuum flux ratio. Follow-up characterization of this source to measure ultraviolet and optical excess emission would provi... | d | f348c6d3ee41c07a740b56749ff5df65 |
Two methods have been proposed on how to jointly provide highlights along with classification.
(1) an extraction-based method {{cite:2484ae40cddcd50b32df7ebcfdc1a90cf79dbcf1}}, which first extracts evidences from the original text and then makes a prediction solely based on the extracted evidences;
(2) an attention-bas... | i | 6bb0b800bab755fcf86ebcc1dd07fd66 |
Then we only focused on the first channel of our new images, the luminance values of each pixel, channel L. Following Bychkovsky et al. {{cite:e4c9057fcc23c3b5035263eb163b48d65780d85a}} and after experimenting with these values, we created the curve of luminance by computing its cumulative distributive function (CDF). ... | m | 820ce45b6467b21d39e8a337d6a9f80e |
When {{formula:3f1f38f2-d01f-4575-9c79-a4925a0cfe0a}} , the equation
(REF ) is widely used to
describe some fast diffusion phenomenon under
stochastic perturbations (e.g.,
{{cite:24f834114bc10c75ae3c9883e4c6817efcc93437}}, {{cite:ae5312a23156512ebf9cc6fefde8b4675847a6b4}}, {{cite:c6e72c4de25758f4f116d95d3669251c8a87e5d... | i | 1a033fcdc5d95ef4f6950b668d3c25b0 |
Some previous work on implementing the moment approach can be found in {{cite:a787f7f1b8f42687887b1a7429466b998b9a0e23}} (based on {{cite:93ae56131db9b5c7cb50ce7c8ff682419b6a62f2}}, {{cite:59c5076fcc0b12668aef125c2edacd96da120758}} and described in {{cite:53813fbb8faabea87421ca381863c8d47592c710}}) where an explicit im... | i | 224afff5dabed675620998a7e13bfc60 |
Quantitatively (tab:compare:appendix), our method outperforms all other
monocular pure VO baseline methods in the kitchen sequence and achieves
state-of-the-art accuracy in the snoopy sequence. We did not include
comparison with USLAM {{cite:707104ef63f77819bdd1f834d008dca8086209f3}} in tab:compare:appendix since
it re... | r | 3526583d75730c8225b196cb7f856172 |
The adhering state was previously studied by means of a general multipole-expansion-based singularity model for swimming microorganisms {{cite:0a7ca33473b0b603d278ad142c6c5b3e17d1c179}}.
Both pushers and pullers were predicted to accumulate at an oil–water interface, giving rise to large density inhomogeneities in many... | d | 34eba8fb9b6da0fd42f5f9cd7eb7fada |
The theory becomes trivial in the bulk, in the sense that the Euclidean partition function on any (oriented) closed 3-manifold equals 1. After all, this is what we expect from a holographic theory: the degrees of freedom only live at the boundary.
Given a (possibly disconnected) 2d boundary and a boundary condition, ... | i | d44dfacd92dbfb7b92cb033fa0f1eb70 |
We conjecture that BiLSTMs and self-attention have complementary strengths, which become apparent in small models: BiLSTMs can capture sequential relations, while self-attention is able to perform cross-checking between query and title tokens. Motivated by this, we show that we can improve over {{cite:576774acb57f750bc... | i | 459f0db3901cbcced77d6f82294aea6e |
Future Directions.
Currently, we only focus on the object-level task. However, the instance-level task is more difficult and may be suitable for many image-editing applications.
In addition, as described in {{cite:327edf0067ba236f26e3323c24f9f92d1a6b61d7}}, studying non-salient objects will provide rich context for rea... | d | f4af631d3b2d46d0b64a2827f7b46113 |
After its introduction in {{cite:52e282d89a32f85a00c871095fc54fd9f36521d9}}, the Master Equation was studied in many papers, almost always in the periodic case {{formula:ce35a717-2856-42c4-9de2-ccb0201c8a59}} or in the whole space {{formula:1972c408-0323-4df4-9221-7a9e3913b631}} . In {{cite:908999e9cc589599ee6b722e72d... | i | 22750d6307ab51c7c54aaf15fc884b76 |
In this work, we gave a finite-sample analysis for heuristics which are heavily used in practical Q-learning and showed that seemingly simple modifications can have far reaching consequences in both tabular and linear MDP settings. We also resolve some well known counter-examples to Q-learning with linear function appr... | d | 5f2bea86412ac7358222d866e870950e |
In this section, we depict and discuss the analytical results corresponding to the uplink performance in terms of CE and achievable sum SE of an IRS-aided MU-MISO system with imperfect CSI and HWIs. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations ({{formula:aa8c6094-8a60-43a1-96ad-ec49a5cfd454}} independent channel realizations) represe... | r | 29a97257f2f16cb5cc56ed5f95e114aa |
These questions can be addressed by tying the properties of the Higgs-like scalar to those of
fundamental fermionic states, which do not suffer from quantum sensitivity to large scales.
The two time-honoured avenues realizing this idea are supersymmetry (SUSY) and compositeness. In SUSY
scalars are associated with ferm... | i | 8159e0c2daa1f16acdf0d015f51563b0 |
As for potential limitations, our contribution 1, in general, could be applied to any object detector, including RPN-based ones like Faster-RCNN {{cite:3ef52ae0489655126d8de7ddc24c47bcdff609c0}} and Mask-RCNN {{cite:283e0031dc05e47a59dd504976c7ba89209f9852}}), point-based ones like FCOS {{cite:00f81d47445236b1257ff57a1... | d | ef8c0009689bfc5077cbc9f65fb62df4 |
To perform the experimental analysis, TPPD is implemented on a full system cycle-accurate simulator, gem5 {{cite:7142a61986d8cab6c4d71dcab43c45a7cde07fdb}}. We consider a 4-core system setup with two levels of the cache hierarchy. Each core has its private L1 cache, and the L2 cache is considered a shared LLC. Other pa... | r | 27cbd62bac13bfa0e511f10640371fc7 |
However, the RIS is commonly assumed to be nearly-passive. That is, no power amplifiers and baseband processing units are available at the RIS. Besides, in order to compensate for the additional path loss in the reflection route via the RIS, a large number of RIS elements must be employed. These make the channel state ... | i | eca7350b43bb5657a992c1142c5ffc1a |
The latter approaches appear under various names in the literature, such
as optimized perturbation theory (OPT) {{cite:d2793536ff6a6397a2c6c074d4d0bd74530394e9}}, {{cite:6f2444ceb79286421fcbe903c7286411f4828530}}, {{cite:3b7e740eb11a5948765e6b4018c0d316fd34a80c}} (as we dub it here),
linear {{formula:b4565347-55ae-4dd5... | i | fc3a09203eab4badea1175b8282e23ed |
with the best constant {{formula:28c7515d-214a-455b-b104-a73a3570e542}} . The qualitative properties of Hardy inequality and its improved versions have been studied extensively, see for example {{cite:97a0867f1d1204530612b8ad46c6dfc85bae45a3}}, {{cite:939d14954a03826567e0b3a6714366e5181508c5}}, {{cite:f31e726c0650b1a24... | i | ba4a1dd4ef7a3dd4d9ca6a8435b76510 |
We recorded two sequences with our beamsplitter device to prove
generalization of our method to other (and newer) visual sensory data.
The sequences were recorded in natural indoor scenes and we used
COLMAP {{cite:e5f233cd91a73745000767124547833964a5c85a}}
to provide a ground truth trajectory, since external motion-cap... | r | 87f37b074ac40ad8bc06eb5f25b17e37 |
CodeXGLUE {{cite:db4cf2cba284e13fae8e2d915d0efa7ac026fec3}} is a benchmark for programming language understanding and generation tasks. In total, CodeXGLUE provides datasets for 14 tasks, in which the dataset PY150 is for code completion task. Table REF shows the experimental results. Note that we fine-tuned PyCodeGPT... | r | 03b227078e6ad39afc923568d360e65a |
In this paper, we have proposed a centrality measure derived from von Neumann entropy (VNE) to identify and rank network edges according to their impact on the spectral complexity of information diffusion over a graph.
Our work complements prior work {{cite:16bc804737966306dab0599cc77210cfe46e2469}} that similarly uses... | d | e07147e6de76306cf02eb48f2fbc20e1 |
The presented analysis is based on the exact solutions to the related problems;
see, e.g., Ref. {{cite:737ab1dca2b8d88f8bbd6cd774dedcf37c0071ca}}. The symbolic and numerical calculations, as well as the visualization of the results, are made with the help of the Wolfram Mathematica software.
| m | 4f8dc3d4bf65d0fc0e42ff9f98478c4d |
In Section REF , we experimentally demonstrated that
our learned binarized regression model is robust to random label
corruption. Under adversarial settings, the data corruption problem
can be formulated as a bilevel optimization problem where the attacker
tries to optimally corrupt the dataset in order to degrade the ... | d | 0dfd625d9efa93be017a02b3cf5f82f4 |
In the static limit, both Faraday and Kerr effects are often considered as manifestations of the axion electrodynamics {{cite:78605b9a98343d41a6f56ed0d288ae4ca78648f5}}, {{cite:fe381330bd49c338a9e7ea870564fe0c2b1204ac}}, {{cite:7c4b704792730180ad61df6f909bdaf33838d527}}.
This is because the systems under consideration ... | d | c9f5776141bd3cefc504fe2f2c997a78 |
In the following, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated DoAs obtained from the proposed algorithm is compared with the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) {{cite:8ebbcbda2ee4da8ba9c5b83fadd000f79e8104c8}} and those achieved by the state-of-the-art DoA estimation algorithms, including the sparse signal reconstruction (S... | r | 8cb5b0519fdd530bbc18801104682f7d |
Moreover, see {{cite:7f216b0ba91b4cd0369d48a78ad6ed145aafa3be}}, we obtain that for any {{formula:11fa1e62-7b7c-4e03-9ab1-cb0259550d8b}}
{{formula:5e3ac815-3c12-482c-817d-4c043bdabf36}}
| r | 092c7d5205831e25bf5e3dcacff175f8 |
Let {{formula:13423c86-0a72-4812-a5bf-00084790f742}} and {{formula:1bccad89-99c0-45d4-8999-a1bc43a23a3a}} denote the Chebychev polynomials
of the first and second kind, respectively. Keeping in mind
the representation {{formula:4ce8ee48-90a7-468b-92e0-244f25352d94}} and
{{formula:876ff00a-1abc-4e66-9e47-0c856bf2693d... | r | 2857538e5c1cb0942eeb40096b84deed |
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