text
stringlengths
54
548k
label
stringclasses
4 values
id_
stringlengths
32
32
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) {{cite:2a4edaa5e36ac7b05eccd3da71b2750456762860}}, {{cite:c10c7b56e0793dae3eedae192d40c4f378987db5}} has been very successful in various models of multi-agent systems, such as robotics {{cite:b9792be2f2b31429800fde397c8d464fd7e71f65}}, autonomous driving {{cite:883e75b51d76e347...
i
cd0f4376b4f2d85b102bb07ecbd32048
Here, we implement ECA in a time-multiplexed photonic system as shown in Fig. REF (a). Cell states are represented using pulses of light produced by a laser with a fixed repetition rate {{formula:13b4ef00-3da4-4765-b8ee-a8766455bf9d}} ; the presence of a pulse indicates a live cell, and dead otherwise. In this way, the...
r
84e51a7068d1f8a1ee6d5412d13248c9
There is a better alternative: the center vortex confinement mechanism (see Greensite's book {{cite:3f8eeab9ba9cef2124e11829bfdd265eb42b6d33}} and Reference {{cite:8de092c5f90673cee709134f436eb4c37bdbb2e3}}). In this picture, the Yang-Mills vacuum is two-dimensional, closed center vortex surfaces superimposed on a non-...
d
2767188caff9b5f3f462e2cc3a2267c9
Guo et al. {{cite:085d5b60073cb7e9eb2b1e84ba8a5f34acabbe99}} LeakGAN Chinese Poems, COCO Image Captions, EMNLP2017 WMT News, Synthetic Data Leaked high-level features from the discriminator into the generator. NLL, BLEU Concluded that leaked information is vital to the network's learning.
d
a12c39a5aea40ea0d9099ca749342d87
The energy per nucleon of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter can be generally expressed as {{formula:dc226af3-0fcb-40a2-a2bc-f9befd5c9953}} , where {{formula:5a4d2b0c-cc3c-4eb8-9d98-5bafd93d4809}} is the isospin asymmetry, and {{formula:b6df280d-60eb-42a0-85c5-f6306016a5c7}} , {{formula:308191f2-d814-423e-8f4a-6c9f510b...
i
4edfc9185c4e1279c60825b211bc6f0e
Define {{formula:7f675943-1c33-4b32-a831-ae9842df2431}} The complement of {{formula:d19410a2-99cd-44c6-911a-2b34a7f7d5b0}} in {{formula:6eb0e293-6345-4b6f-ae87-2bc6acb2e7b6}} is the projection of the set {{formula:9a67fe13-776c-4445-89fa-91642909debc}} onto the first two components. By the projection theorem {{ci...
r
3755aa6649726ffb91fe3f22ab504cac
We propose to solve the Hyper-RL through episodic memory. As an episodic memory provides a direct binding from experiences (state-action) to final outcome (return), it enables fast utilization of past experiences and accelerates the searching of near-optimal policy {{cite:492890a8d40a9b66e5359df1cfd5354c840bb846}}. Unl...
i
086eeecd29d7d6fd430a2e689f1695f9
The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is considered as a requisite in 2D materials according to Mermin-Wagner theorem {{cite:1770a8bb371aaf40bab51c20fdc93d0ce5de175a}}. To investigate the ferromagnetism that exists in V{{formula:4da12a30-c702-459b-86f8-9f93ebfbbb39}} Cr{{formula:3e2d2fb4-84e3-48b4-a634-b886fc727aa1}} I{...
r
6fcb0207ce1e819015da801232a7154d
The asymmetrization (merger due to the transfer of mass from the lighter component to the heavy one) of the binary black holes considered is not energetically favorable process and, correspondingly, the merger channel in mass asymmetry is strongly suppressed for di-black-hole. Thus, the question remains open on the mec...
m
850cd316df75ca46bdba57472ce6122e
Table REF reports the results on MS COCO in a {{formula:282d91e0-dcde-4393-82a5-f0a677cd4757}} setting (results are reported on entire val-set). For the sake of comparison with {{cite:f11bee469dd52b0798cf0524107a7bd2e3ca91d9}}, {{cite:9fc48426c1cf2e4a24b573e1578def6b889a6796}}, we also report results on mini-val, whi...
r
0e1a20813c201b5df234028b62752763
Theorem 2.1 (Theorem 1 {{cite:78c622ced26a604e8f34c7cd167e5c10db97d383}}) For {{formula:dceeca0e-43b6-4f43-853f-63176ec118ab}} , let {{formula:27808a89-be8f-40a7-967d-008dbef78b08}} be a bit-string where the bits are chosen uniformly and independently at random. Given {{formula:90da5003-39d6-40e9-ad75-b069cb4fc630}} ...
r
55b818cc1f88b8f4bfc824a0a7d5e653
Other examples where there are significant differences in the implications of the two kinds of regularity hypotheses arise in the study of regularity properties of the value function for state constrained optimal control problems {{cite:dde0cdffb32ec7ba58f319d47bf432ca80098e0f}}, validity of necessary conditions of opt...
i
80fa821bc762dd4fa1a12ca6cd7353a1
Krylov methods {{cite:cb2c92f1c43c077274866dd0c3abf27cab46dd46}}, {{cite:b19a6a1718747b9dad57468b8245d5f01261d7d9}} are iterative algorithms for approximating solutions to linear systems {{formula:9a058391-7fa0-4d0f-bbc7-6ed46abd0a9e}} , by generating approximations to {{formula:84003c8c-6bd1-48a0-8de1-e80ace77e5dc}} ...
m
ddd67cbe77438838b5592837fe76e3b9
The paper is organized as follows. In the setup Section we remind the formula for the entanglement entropy for configurations without and with an island for two sided eternal 4-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole obtained in {{cite:9890f746a12e693ba4d7e2519a070e6be69e0fce}}. In Section we study the exchange of domin...
i
b12dcbbc6e1fa1b6c1c0f5fb307343ee
From medical imaging {{cite:5fc02c9be1b7ef8fcf6baf97719f4f9a88c56e71}}, to image reconstruction and signal processing {{cite:a5298fc1564d33563ce9677efead294445471bff}}, {{cite:6d27685a7f478993bfd8b410a96377b16b6e7f52}}, to modern data science and statistical analysis {{cite:dcdf935d5885035f57f9610310a25954b8d16c06}}, s...
i
7b7ee65ce2a0f7f524db97978414c2fd
Here {{formula:79c31d63-555d-4058-866a-d49c72f8ea6f}} is the position vector of the {{formula:97f72efe-a11f-4c3a-8dd6-5e7885b55ecd}} th particle at the strain value {{formula:c82f4540-25f3-48e0-ace7-95ed6b8acc60}} , {{formula:41158543-456d-4d6c-860e-02e647a38768}} is the transformation matrix that maps the {{formula:...
r
fc48dc94fdad18138e4249786eaec686
Over the past few years, there have been many major developments for SELD in the areas of data augmentation, feature engineering, model architectures, and output formats. In 2015, an early monophonic SELD work by Hirvonen {{cite:839281a24d0576cbfa23db58262307234adbbca1}} formulated SELD as a classification task. In 201...
m
332890d0a41f0c324f74112ba7559143
Another important direction for future work is to carry out the orbital optimization on real NISQ devices using noise-resilient classical optimization techniques such as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation {{cite:41b0a7f53bc09bf27a8bc0845b41df577ea7c378}}, particle swarm optimization {{cite:ed985fb462c62...
d
03c4cd8a0319aca4741c5f511c7f9ac7
Inferring temporal priors can help alleviate occlusion. Methods involving volumetric fields {{cite:ccdc635ab5c217c7274f66f70c9cd4bb95fbe475}} use temporal information as the field is sequentially updating with new information, instead of fully being reinitialized as per our method. The percentage of pixels recovered is...
d
670ee420e068f0cd0a6706a1b3600f6f
We propose a DDPG-based IRS phase control method considering the optimization problem in (REF ). Deep Q-Networks are not suitable because they deal with discrete time spaces only. Moreover, the convergence of the policy gradient (PG) algorithm is not sufficient in the context of wireless communication. DDPG merges the ...
m
ba7161e5075f10b4346d8796882d1ac2
Another popular modification of SGD is Adagrad {{cite:495e47f48eaa783a2df1dfbc8f1ad6ff9b3c26c5}}. This method divides the learning rate for each parameter by the standard deviation of the sum of gradients for that parameter, averaged over time (from the beginning of optimization until the present). This naturally gives...
m
c4b560f463f189cf24d2b15690481d65
When the resonance {{formula:9542ed02-41fa-4bf6-88d8-fbe1c95d2a97}} is a bit broader, the dijet limits weaken but do not disappear completely. Fig. 10 of Ref. {{cite:d67cb6740fd2318d3417a0be24343334a3a825cb}} shows how the cross section times acceptance drops when increasing the total decay width. For example, assumin...
d
82d89fc9f064ecb875bcb99e95cdd740
While islands and saddles are manifestly nonpertubative objects, an interesting question to ask is whether the perturbative dependence of {{formula:a3d0794e-9b61-4bb7-b386-154b80bafcb7}} on {{formula:89974b5b-1e6a-4c67-9bfd-d1edf6769cd7}} could be understood using the theory of bulk operator reconstruction. In the Ad...
d
67ab3d734ae06368df01ae936be124d1
Computer experiments have been used to study real physical systems in many areas of scientific research. The parameters which determine the system are typically treated as input variables of the quantity of interest. Since running a complex model is computationally expensive, it is hard to understand fully this input-o...
i
7909aa14506204961d68108e08a4ff92
The rapidly developed few-shot learning techniques provides potential cues to alleviate the problem of lacking large-scale dataset for query-focused summarization, and knowledge transferring is one of them. In fact, when facing unseen tasks, it is natural for human beings to integrate and transfer the knowledge of know...
i
9b0ca06821a2453bd6d96c9d6815459f
The generalized Feynman integral reduces to the Lee-Pomeransky (LP) representation {{cite:e708514a552cc0a10f7cda61da8cca9cc8d7bd4b}} of an {{formula:517a4ac4-43c0-4bc8-914d-b17b88ae6dc8}} -loop integral in {{formula:a6e0f94a-13e3-4b73-a53f-8d8624c29014}} dimensions, with propagator powers {{formula:bee71a06-82cc-4b08-...
m
4b7c8e7a3e4da8be2d99eb2771dae163
Likelihood-based Outlier Detection {{cite:5453baa3a84268daa18a63cf0c0206c07e45b372}} reported that deep generative models, such as VAEs, autoregressive models, and normalizing flows, fail at outlier detection by producing spuriously high likelihoods for OOD data, which are also observed in our experiments. This observa...
d
35799ea6aa27ce8de0c9cae094d12804
To further study the influence of distillation in the pre-training phase, we try to use the pre-trained CLIP model {{cite:9f10777ffd71f1daee03d46f102895611a84801f}} as the teacher model to distill the visual and linguistic encoder of our model at the feature level, in addition to the logits distillation mentioned in Se...
m
66c911af0224012c605ec41b132b3104
For open-shell nuclei, pairing correlations are handled in the BCS approximation. They are included using the constant gap approximation by occupation numbers of BCS-type {{cite:d8623738885e27b0ca867a5759f25c97817a9e98}}, which is possible in this work because resonant states are well separated from the continuum. Basi...
m
48653866fa76d50b29f6878a3ff9866b
A possible solution of this problem could be modelling the spontaneous emission noise with a realistic version of an almost uncorrelated noise, for instance, an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a very small value of the correlation time. We do not know the order of magnitude of that correlation time but it could be esta...
d
d44acd19c1e7c70ea28e82cc8f592bb3
Since we compare our results with {{cite:7028ee0e7c61fb02c7118b5586aac7697c87f3d0}} pearce:2018 and {{cite:80416927b2d86246c41b361577677603cf8cea46}} lakshminarayanan:2017, our work is also comparable with Bayesian approach by {{cite:b760dcc9496f0e0613a41528e097527e35cc481c}} hernandez:2015, and partly also with {{cite...
r
8445dbaf88f3852da3e253616202f68c
Strictly speaking, any model or algorithm encodes certain prior information and hence exhibits certain “implicit bias”. The model performs well when its implicit bias coincides with the prior of the teacher. This is especially crucial in the over-parameterized regime where there are many solutions which perfectly fit t...
d
233de6d157f193326b228d1816401900
Hjelm et al. {{cite:7cde51dfb127e101eebab94beb0b202a1cb33441}} BGAN Google One Billion Words Compute importance weights with difference measures. Visual Inspection Scratch stable training yet poor generation.
d
13ed83caa46690fd15ece142fe49c5c3
In 1936, Euler and Heisenberg {{cite:c9756f55f4906afe98f90602d966546c2f390675}} proved that photons can interact with photons through the intermediate creation of electron-positron pairs, thus introducing nonlinear corrections to the Maxwell equations. This interaction, being of second order in the fine structure const...
i
e5b0bdba897245ce77a90245d666e8a1
The weighted Lebesge spaces {{formula:b0defaa3-cb7e-41e1-b4c3-ae6c4840d884}} are a generalization of the classical Lebesgue spaces {{formula:d12e7c0c-98b2-4dbe-ba41-e03b5e88dffd}} , replacing the Lebesgue measure {{formula:65f55d05-d88d-47dd-ac3d-e3a38812a5b4}} by the measure {{formula:0c23f2af-40a2-4819-a3c4-f0d8691...
i
ab00261e37bae42b0e9af5981af1e70e
In Tables 2, 3 and Figure 4 of the main paper, we provide detailed bias analysis of Crystalface and its de-biasing counterparts. We report the gender bias analysis at {{formula:0d6cb6d5-49c2-4ade-bea2-a0eae776138e}} and skintone bias analysis at {{formula:6904944a-ec05-42b1-a8da-d8dd6142805b}} , as done in {{cite:f136...
r
2b9257d7ce642103bdbf434219c4cb46
As the CMB spectrum is well-determined and the physics of ICS is well-understood, our analysis can give very stringent constraints on GeV to sub-TeV annihilating dark matter. It can provide a useful complementary analysis for constraining dark matter. In fact, it has been suggested for a long time that using X-ray data...
d
1b5ddc3c5ee138a62877845366ede0c5
Similarly for polyp section, in the proposed survey paper are based on SVM {{cite:8fe8fa7f9dd8a3788e3550f216b71d8cbd96c224}}, {{cite:84db2c65757c23fe6f19cca1ea645b23a38ba94e}}, {{cite:5762019c483c5fc284086d260a1d043f7d7c2cc8}}, {{cite:c4ad1853dfd68a18fca98add769bb41f0f5ca273}}, {{cite:262bf818607dd17bc4ce436001f279decb...
d
7c378235a0cbcff32d6502f05515b0fe
where {{formula:cb2c8161-7244-4796-b5a0-11b182326fa9}} is a diagonal surrogate for {{formula:382285d9-ae8b-4763-bdc3-16889d791d33}} . The inverse {{formula:8f1ed0fe-ff7c-422b-acdf-9569349037c6}} can be applied inexactly by means of an AMG operator, which can be efficiently used in mechanical problems preserving a lin...
m
7ea6b4504c3c05f76af80a7977ab9e59
In this section the extension method of M.G. Krein {{cite:fb7bb8a6293b43f2810a9aa4a28381dbe40c2211}} is considered (see also Section 125 of the classic book {{cite:ad1affb36d0db0d4fa3fb5c62c5f8f693e5b0988}} for a detailed exposition). Krein shows that if {{formula:44c35df0-4807-489d-bf8f-1f865f7680d0}} is a contractiv...
m
dcd42eadb06e261a4ec7822a25d28758
There is no free lunch with respect to numerical dynamics modelling. The trajectory-based model's accurate long-term prediction and rapid data accruing is valuable to data-driven methods with parametrized controllers. One-step models will likely remain useful for other algorithms less focused on the long-term future, s...
d
4e2c7c5adbb457408d8b19d5525f3f5f
In the negative direction, Arnold provided an example of a real-analytic circle diffeomorphism {{formula:0e2b2fd0-ac1d-48eb-9fd0-319ead8b44a6}} that is conjugate to rotation {{formula:2a5626d7-4785-4c18-aafa-915c80a13402}} by a non-differentiable homeomorphism (see {{cite:f6c7f2a08779884a7fd371a147bf8c5daddd8ed8}} or...
i
e1091c2ba170ec67ed73ab1cb5096cc5
We evaluate the methods on our video test set. Since we do not have ground-truth 3D shape for direct evaluation, we measure reconstruction quality via a mask reprojection accuracy from one frame to another, using the object masks predicted by Mask R-CNN {{cite:d8d3529acb0bf6c080cfbf0d2e3cabfc7b6fad80}} as the pseudo gr...
m
f9f688406c99f5399326d29622554c98
In principle, complete knowledge of the short, fundamental cycles should suffice to compute ergodic averages using cycle averaging formulae {{cite:46c3e097b92a6dbae2ca0ff614e7342493a4626f}}, {{cite:3c89d741f3a34c0bb8bf1923641f2348383c35c4}}, {{cite:aaa1987f1b3807c2b5063ff2b4e654500624a8ae}}. Of relevance for our origin...
i
01f80b3a853a9ca12592877c71a3eb0c
Two competing behaviors can then occur as one goes to the singularity. (I) Either there is no stability region and there is consequently an endless number of Kasner regimes, each characterized by its own Kasner exponents. This is the celebrated chaotic BKL oscillatory behavior, which holds in the original case of pure ...
i
96deee4e0956386cbfd0b40b91e0f384
The DualGAN architecture {{cite:82f7d6d54e54cd1be348708a0fd905d4ec64fa51}} consists of two image generators, which form a cycle, and two discriminators, see img:dualgan. The first generator {{formula:2926ab25-9b63-4692-b372-2380fcfae2cf}} is trained to translate MRI images to CT images; the second generator {{formula:...
m
b109159330f6cb1f8f75c108cfbbc612
On the honeycomb lattice, the semimetal state with Dirac nodes is stable for sufficiently small {{formula:4ff98994-32bf-4312-a0eb-bc17e41114ab}} , whereas the ground state for sufficiently large {{formula:4fd9225e-b528-49bc-b46f-2bb2bfa577f0}} is a collinear sublattice antiferromagnet with opposite spin polarization o...
r
25bc65ae2662a9b1561d7f1ac07cd75d
(a) There exists a partially hyperbolic splitting on {{formula:049a2551-2f01-4474-8f24-71e3bc59d020}} with integrable subbundles {{formula:b5af5303-725e-49fc-83ef-3801344bd76c}} , where {{formula:bd9bb380-bbb2-4f06-9390-e25d79b25858}} ; besides, {{formula:e4223e50-4744-438f-8553-609de81b1a70}} and the center foliatio...
r
f238fcf1c03c7b5e209d07de6d146c5b
Partial motivation for the study of Sobolev extensions comes from PDEs (see, for example, {{cite:2b495eea4d9308600c7068af5efbd12e24f42ac2}}). In {{cite:62e8cf1097cc5bdc09e68b3de532ffc197fea814}}, {{cite:00c4310fde338d7c3a12269ad230804055884ccd}} it was proved that if {{formula:9e408559-89bd-4aa9-94e9-c8fbf0425a1b}} is...
i
d98b3c9d880e398006a7f4a88a7cf407
Models: Graph Reasoning {{formula:673ed2ec-bdd5-4b68-b457-ae8962246cf2}} Self-supervised Learning. Graphs are ubiquitous structures in representing various recommendation scenarios. For instance, CF could be seen as a user-item bipartite graph, content based recommendation is represented as an attributed user-item bip...
d
c4febc71f300a4e84cea6a3228c1fd36
It is easy to see that as {{formula:35929708-26cb-411f-b420-5755d7efbaac}} , the finite iterate of the (KW) algorithm {{formula:9bf930f7-1c97-40df-a83c-8fc1431e159a}} has a slower convergence rate than the (AKW) estimator {{formula:725385ed-af16-4a9a-817b-25707e67caad}} in Theorem . In addition, the asymptotic distr...
r
a4e54cdb5c5f861856479568a713eefe
Furthermore, it is shown in Lemmas 7 and 14 of {{cite:11cf34e6db2db29ccecbc8b7f4acab41d9f04353}} that the policy gradient {{formula:5109fbde-7d21-422d-9cc6-9aefff7437cb}} is Lipschitz continuous.
m
25e65b689ef0072cd2992fc0189f13ba
The basis is truncated to a certain number of Cooper pairs {{formula:e0d3b6b0-b7f6-440b-b273-91157c0469b2}} . We found that using more than {{formula:979d9394-5f41-40af-a0ea-7f6dc5c0eae7}} has little impact on simulation results for our set of example parameters. After diagonalization of {{formula:de4964bf-eada-4e46-9...
m
ddfdfc69775baef38d467ecc977763cb
Topological insulator{{cite:034b9a983af9e1b58df58f62e3a3742d86f79b17}} has been one of the noticeable advanced materials due to the novel physical properties{{cite:3517382c9f918a11ad9e3e6f47d94972596b45ef}}, {{cite:11837ff3c11188674525f858d5c0fc5165876de6}}, such as quantum Hall effect{{cite:eafa82d11d8e0fcac63190fd142...
i
17a35f9e87204dfbc308dab33e1c6f7d
The region of an electron neutrino mass of 1.1 eV down to 0.2 eV, which is currently being probed by KATRIN {{cite:35ad72e9828098e95a4f986117b83e1ebbe64a79}}, {{cite:30e44fe2b2506a307b5721911ab43833b7397cab}}, approaches the cosmological limit of 0.12 eV{{cite:7499720d27373f0e3994ed23009b5be57699911e}}. Here the neutri...
r
06c4e88937fd17603c305fd6fe0c2e3c
Elastic waves in isotropic, homogeneous layers are governed by the elastic wave equation{{cite:2e9bd024ad82f77b5d272db6e02b71aecc800e68}} {{formula:1d02fe51-e7f6-4ffc-8133-4212a8c6b51b}}
m
b0c5003193b15bec08216b909fdef2b3
One of the main challenges in federated learning lies on data heterogeneity: clients have local data that differ in distributions', i.e., they do not conform to the property of independent and identically distributed (IID) random variables. This causes difficulty in learning a single global model that is optimal for al...
i
2019fbdf0a93c2e1a832a965400b7389
Several open questions also remain as to whether risk may be qualified in this context in relation to well-being. Specifically, it would be interesting to study how recommendation interactions may disproportionately affect those afflicted with mental health disorders, and how we may design platforms, in the context of ...
d
ba55676f3d652c021c3cdf481d3ac25d
We provide the plots of the results in the main text across time-steps in Fig.  REF . While the performances of competing models degrade in time, our models, especially the Conditional, achieve better overall performances, along with Improved-VRNN {{cite:44da6b052b58e4760cd5d6e3e9363225e1704215}}.
r
1c3b3a7c0358e96b2ff711e7b38a984f
Let us now consider an undriven qubit; as discussed above, for the experimentally observed range of {{formula:5716720d-df28-4c18-9361-38633db7d298}} the quasiparticles are cold. However, for small-island qubits the distribution function width {{formula:ddcb65bc-c9b7-435a-b051-5cf2cc3b55b2}} is given by {{formula:ae1f...
d
823539f92c03ab12dc34ec29ce57b5fd
The BraTS 2020 dataset was used {{cite:fa3a88b6364384d237c80bb27b64c60ea9729134}}, {{cite:fe9ecd1ea0c584cbfeef61f6e6a81a3d9780f4e5}}, {{cite:3f5b32ea39740d275a6c226b054e9a8e8041e65c}} that contains 369 pre-operative multimodal (T1, T1Gd, T2 and FLAIR) 3D MR images of both high grade glioma (HGG) (n = 293) and low grade...
m
a013cbfe3f435a1b635c9e43f0d48018
Challenges     The main challenge with the GNAT model is its scalability to a larger number of label contexts. At each training step, the model requires {{formula:195eda3e-cc42-4a20-9471-eed79c39de1b}} multiplication and summation. For {{formula:94fcc76d-0040-4f37-98b0-7df8aed83297}} -gram context dependency, {{formul...
d
0e406e1fdfa93959492eca6677e8ce10
Other useful approximations of {{formula:d603083e-b219-4125-aec4-ee1cad69185d}} for quantum algorithms might be obtained using, for example, Chebyshev polynomials {{cite:fcd5aefc8dd20b49166aaf29e5da3e35903079da}}, {{cite:317024abb0db3641a283a41c86b5e555cf54730c}}, {{cite:b69e693f4ea9f091ce1109ec1effbb9070913d5a}}. In ...
d
a84e6192e47319031ef4bb1aab4a4411
Training loss: We train our network on a sum of scaled version of the Scale-Invariant (SI) loss introduced by Eigen et al. {{cite:6c4df4df978ea249733ab854615be7e5a4033b26}} {{formula:f6c9ede3-de8b-49d2-81e0-f130003fa231}} and Chamfer loss {{formula:6edc73c3-f514-4c1e-8298-c32a4470a823}} {{cite:60d84fb35a171e7f2686266...
m
3df302db4f92526c8a6e82a5b6b48e80
Vortex photons are known since decades {{cite:35965c561dd006263497c3d14b96578f0afdc0ca}}, {{cite:e037fd45a454353326c14e5938beec44dc3fe4bb}}, {{cite:689e126fe46f8d7bef0e2c775405a21b66e774b8}}, {{cite:f08ce1c866702092180b9348a4ea5c0c37fd2a9a}}, {{cite:fd988bc78d99522bfe1594f27ac99d52c4328261}} and have become a basis of ...
i
6e3783763dffebe58434e1707198ae4e
and decide whether the optimal {{formula:039ec7b9-58d7-46db-832c-6928a3a9b7d5}} are accepted and whether the radius {{formula:e4d89655-4e2f-4e4d-b030-cdde70ec9b8f}} should be decreased. Algorithm REF describes the RTR algorithm. The constants used are taken from {{cite:6cfd5092c7da7a1232d78c8cf9dc4384d3cacb58}}.
m
d1fb74db7ff4c626f284a7bc15f96757
Figures REF ,REF and REF present the input image, model prediction, and corresponding Grad-Cams for our trained models, for normal, COVID-19 and pneumonia input scans using {{cite:87b2684bb6c83ae27dd4b93662d91a3f088fb343}}{{cite:c24ab67de9427f8b0a62f95f769d8cd9ed025f33}} gradient class activate map (Grad-Cam) algorit...
d
9b3f34a47f104bcf088dcd44b974aa09
Owing to their versatility, ultracold atomic gases provide ideal platform on which to study fascinating quantum many-body phenomena in a highly controllable and tunable way {{cite:13ce45c7733ac667aa0a2a71de6c28954bdb18d7}}, {{cite:7cebee540a734d5aed5c3811cfd197faaa90e519}}, {{cite:b575ce49559a3ca2ebca5a57629db681bd2c14...
i
9ef74ab055ec9d45f5c59755e9f27d84
One reason that synchronization has been studied in coupled oscillator systems is that it can be used to reduce phase noise {{cite:1cecdcfe70e11da7643c7f6ef2acca85c315a3d4}}, {{cite:d24e62b0c1883a7a69ec9a57cb1d2c1aa6b0e66d}}. In prior work, it has been demonstrated that synchronization in coupled limit cycle oscillator...
d
7104c891d34a4ae053d2e034f8f714ee
Another attack proposed in {{cite:8f3ed1d4632293f084c71d057bc9e40cbaca6982}} works by reducing the performance (e.g., accuracy) of the neural network on the images with a specific ground truth label {{formula:52955049-ee33-49dc-afe8-c0ce70b0c126}} , i.e., given an image with ground truth label {{formula:94284516-c79a-4...
d
222a185ab21e3a5cbff6d6d77cffddf3
For both cases, we explore the effect of group structure by comparing the abundance of cooperation for group-structured populations with the corresponding results for well-mixed populations of equal size. Interestingly, we find that the effect of group structure depends on the benefit of cooperation. When this benefit ...
d
007f04861a363706308e0dbb3789dcc4
Runtime Comparison. We compare the runtime of TAMPERS with that of Genetic Attack {{cite:a68e6b74c34714663dcb6f8209cf91bd297ce559}} and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) {{cite:cba71acd2ac9b0670d47450cd961380840af168d}}, both of which are also combinatorial optimization-based approaches. The results on the IMDB dataset...
r
9a5370602eec115fd640d14318714a75
Remark 4.7 (Looking for a proof of Theorem REF ) If we knew the hypotheses of Theorem REF force {{formula:5e7f0e92-2075-4d4f-b794-fe6862da5330}} to be solvable, we could extract this result from Newman's classification of JM groups. However, doing so is somewhat cumbersome: one has to analyze the conjugacy classes i...
r
bbdf948ed18e959315abc67cceef63f7
Our attentive sampling could be naturally adapted for other metrics, e.g., latency. In this work, we closely follow the conventional NAS evaluation protocols in the literature and report the accuracy vs. FLOPs Pareto as examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. In table REF , we use GPU latency as an exa...
r
829321124b8352c1b16b7b2f26609ddc
We refer the proof to {{cite:db2ce5b1c22a75b5793716972654e20ee31bd546}}. In what follows {{formula:8921e40e-6da7-4489-ac0f-bd59d647e5da}}
m
d94b5a492e84e04cbfb1b2c2fea17fad
The here discussed connection can, in theory, be exploited to obtain a principled catalogue of equivalences between physical laws and their corresponding kernel functions as well as activation functions. There are at least three conceivable procedures for finding solutions to (REF ). One procedure would be to find matc...
d
8ced0afbf0696dc6032d53e9503bfb8e
Theorem 1 generalizes the undetectability of Werner state of the maximally entangled GHZ state {{cite:8f27d139007d00ccfb21f1da97c3b21ee9c1865a}}, {{cite:6522e93e9588578ba722e582001d4015e4c066b1}}. In particular, the generic undetectability holds for homogeneous linear Bell inequalities. Here, homogeneous means that all...
r
93fb8adbedf78f36c7209aa5dc35411f
An interesting approach to successfully produce the observed excess of matter over antimatter in the universe is through the leptogenesis mechanism {{cite:e00f63f3e2d1ce6f2f4bb0405215df11ce0342eb}}, which relies on the right-handed (RH) Majorana neutrinos introduced in the context of type I seesaw mechanism {{cite:fb3e...
i
dcab82a672d9ce665e220f07b61bf60f
Non-invasive optical imaging has important applications in various fields ranging from biotechnology {{cite:36aac5ab72577984a7fa6b6db7edc2489ed554b9}}, {{cite:ead10c7c238a57207fbbc65395094bc8633d7e8b}} to optical detection {{cite:eeca24e42155e5433884df03badc3e116b41d405}}. However, inhomogeneous samples, such as biolog...
i
9003ea96a969af8c7de62f74e4cea095
The proposed CCSFG achieves superior results to all its competitors. Clear margins can be observed between our CCSFG and the second place method CCFP{{cite:9d39ff3070fa30489e49b0129e8de30ada76a67b}} which is the state-of-the-art ISCS Re-ID model based on self-learning and feature alignment. Comparing with CCFP, CCSFG a...
r
872acac85e64dd7315891a9bba49a2b2
For 3D superpixel generation, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) was used {{cite:cfbab62c9eaa0effd75cb902edcfb5ee66c33648}}, {{cite:6ce593ebe9736b2a803af4afef02649efa57f398}}. We conducted a grid search as part of the experimentation to determine the best parameters for sequence type for superpixel generation an...
m
66a543b96d8daa7b91aed738c411f1bf
Deep learning-driven approaches for processing medical images have already been shown to standardize the diagnosis of cancer and improve patient stratification{{cite:2f37d15f42d0b4caaac6ae23df2c37e9a7e0c397}}{{cite:307697f89e9d5030a85e416c623221b3b099e62c}}. In a recent pioneering study, a deep learning-based model cou...
d
e93dfea868e203a263179277fcb84b36
We used lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imagery gathered by {{cite:3224351cff12919da81d03e97d36ff8bf2cf29aa}} to train our network. This is the first publicly available dataset of lung POCUS recordings of COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy patients. The dataset consists of 3119 frames from 195 ultrasound ...
r
8b74f5b5c36f4e27520d15af5a8ffe00
For Problems REF and REF , the HJ equations in Theorems REF and REF can be numerically solved by grid-based methods, such as the level-set methods {{cite:57e6cf1b106073c37ff18ed560988fc43a2aa2db}} and fast marching method {{cite:44426ef49054f563522e910ed494e192dd53ccd0}}. These methods require spatial and temporal d...
m
c75462b484e6d34e1e2b471223e332ad
The band structure and the related properties of Cd{{formula:18c85fc3-e514-4b93-9a15-2eee3ffcd29f}} Se{{formula:1b926839-f154-4b97-afed-98f420fcc18e}} Te solid state solutions were calculated in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) {{cite:6090dae9270620a0ad53197a4695a6de8c209d92}} using CASTEP code {{ci...
m
1e03547c2bc6a1c518d9aff0c3a693ea
Based on the high-resolution differential equation framework, we obtain the convergence rate of objective values in both the schemes (REF ) and (REF ) is {{formula:8fb79a1a-fa1f-4078-bc71-5c44350f0736}} , where the coefficient {{formula:ae06e0e3-caaa-439a-b295-6238acfd10e2}} can be definitely improved. However, whethe...
d
a6a1a54f518d2a45e7762ad231287eb6
Rearranging equation 28 of {{cite:2412c7ba86f7c30125a17765576fd5193bdf66dc}} yields a lower limit on the disc mass required to initiate self-stirring within the system lifetime: {{formula:2fcd77c7-e6fc-4403-93de-7abc2042abbb}}
m
ef527c1b6e393346d5351edd7d6bfd33
In this section, we conduct experimental evaluations of the proposed SFWFL algorithm. Particularly, we examine the performance of the proposed algorithm for two different tasks: ({{formula:b0f6513c-57fd-4a9d-ac44-01057ebe2b0a}} ) training a multi layer perceptron (MLP) on the MNIST dataset which contains the hand-writt...
r
74a1fd1a4c3ec72ef47c6428231a482b
In this work we combine the two perspectives into a hybrid anomaly detector. The proposed approach complements a standard semantic segmentation model with two additional predictions: i) unnormalized dense data likelihood {{formula:e42480c9-79bf-4e3e-b3c7-ab17de817e84}} {{cite:2ae780f0adb7c9403faf80d9e6a95741d863a38a}}...
i
706462df15c3254f1879477ce95652ed
BadNet-RW {{cite:4c6bd1d5ceeb7cdb34767683e0bc28fd19263f65}}, {{cite:ed2d0c277c9c6b9154c087c3da1030a18f31dc16}}, {{cite:5e17a6397d1736e15dd089546abf0ac6c18229b3}}: Attackers will first poison a part of clean samples by inserting them with a pre-defined rare word and changing their labels to the target label, then train ...
m
8aa81c29ad5decb1927830b2aebc4d2d
The Schrödinger equation describes the time evolution of an isolated quantum system. However, for a system open to an environment, one needs a broader framework. Gorini, Kossakowski and Sudarshan {{cite:2a1ae3f5fb34308ada8d33cf31f9201bff0e67f2}}, and independently Lindblad {{cite:f0a9ac420ef4a23a6a5b2ab74ff56172d710b1b...
i
4b12e6ea69b7429256c33bd9f88673b5
ResNet18 {{cite:20f48d3c25e677faa798d75f12c98603b1ab8852}} {{formula:be9cb989-dae5-46a6-8b79-b5fb8231a185}} {{formula:947d7cf1-902b-4aba-8974-24314b91cbce}} - -
r
dcc4f239e11f8d8fd0cd7358a2f8a5d4
We have found that the non-differentiability of {{formula:5a5105e5-4e9d-41ac-b9b5-89d5648f4f44}} at one frequency {{formula:76f5dcee-80d5-464a-a229-278acc04ca5f}} has profound consequences for the free propagation of the optical field. Even if the wave-packet spectrum does not include the non-differentiable frequency...
d
0d8f6b119166bd78186ce217d9748737
With the above background, we propose in section II, a consistent scheme based on the scalar Helmholtz equation (SHE) that allows estimating a reasonable lower bound of the dimensionless coupling constant {{formula:34957f65-a6d8-40fc-b288-257d3139e359}} . We follow it up in section III by exploring the formal equivalen...
i
cab417c3007adc4087ef53805477c901
The major aim of this paper is to prove a further analyticity result for the Dirichlet-Neumann operator {{formula:7fd847e9-2977-4729-b37c-b3044bb5e83d}} defined in (REF ) on the unbounded domain {{formula:d97fb20d-9475-4155-8a42-92554e073696}} , where {{formula:016fbc60-22ce-440a-8741-319cf1a6c8e3}} is the standard {...
i
5608a390692c3bac4673c7d44db5cc3b
In seven dimensions, we found that uncharged black holes with a spherical base manifold contain a novel triple point akin to the one found in {{cite:f36927becfebe9dae33ebf9d306b3c40bc402e55}}, which was not previously seen in the analyses of {{cite:078fbc3832526afc65dcc7cfcaeaca922adb02e4}} and {{cite:dd490cb70c422497c...
d
7a331b6c4f9d9bcf3192b04ca92e54e5
While dynamical KMS symmetry (REF )-(REF ) is on the quantum level, the constant translational symmetry (REF ) renders the effective thoery to be entirely classical, in which quantum fluctuation is switched off. Relaxing the symmetry (REF ), we have realized that, from non-equilibrium EFT perspective, the classical sta...
d
e242d6a23196a76719b3843ee9725a28
These graph models come in many varieties. For example, the Erdős–Rényi model relies only on external parameters—typically a count of nodes and edges—to determine how it will randomly connect nodes, making it incapable of truly learning any deeper topological structure {{cite:c3ed4022a3bd8c4517f1d95dd99ee732ae1b486f}}....
i
7b286a21bc1dc8638acf4cf172a982e0
We develop a fast ECM algorithm for parameter estimates and provide a procedure for choosing the common and specific factor. The MSFA needs to be constrained to be identifiable and so the constraints used here is the popular block lower triangular matrix. Although this condition is largely used in classical FA settings...
d
7e18c852ec11532694782ab0f50d5134
To synthesize the images with virtual depth, we take advantage of novel-view synthesis methods {{cite:b4d6546c8b49b9bad909fe6fd41d45c52c207d3e}}, {{cite:01ff28e1a22bc5eceb51f7b7b81d56151fa3abf5}}, {{cite:1d542f573eb925d7324d679b64addeb830d51c11}}, {{cite:af4af2d3cc4effcec826e332e1f56d1cf88335b2}} and propose an efficie...
i
6eead52d156c646f0c39c4319a8472e7