text
stringlengths
54
548k
label
stringclasses
4 values
id_
stringlengths
32
32
The ability to communicate effectively with other agents is part of a necessary skill repertoire of intelligent agents and commonly seen as one of the great achievements of humanity. A number of papers have studied emergent communication in multi-agent settings {{cite:1068e435a362968ce4828b5278a9e07b07420337}}, {{cite:...
i
c0688d6de7e337991cd88a582c85786e
We introduced a multitask learning approach to AQA and showed that MTL performs better than STL because of better generalization which is especially important in AQA and skill assessment since datasets are small. We showed that the representations learned by our MTL models are better able to capture the inherent concep...
d
00ee1dbd9fd268257c0cd4b72ab4891a
We use faster r-cnn {{cite:8f58806319c6825eb82ab6f00988db6abf65fad4}} and mask r-cnn {{cite:1b5f1a753bdf5878defe296a733fccd422540e5b}} algorithms to benchmark the newly created dataset for graphical object detection task in business documents. Experimentally, we observe that the creation of a model trained with iiit-ar...
i
86bfd0c17e667c34c197dcf6a16e7707
It follows from {{cite:7b1f3bee17a759ae98e1e0f39ea1baddd4cd1ed2}} that {{formula:7e2101bd-e3d2-49eb-89ae-c24fab1e402d}}
m
b47b238683896851d61ff388d57c9b81
This is reminiscent of the case of asymptotic coherence distillation. As shown in Ref. {{cite:32a5eb1b7cf535247de18d198ff43588621135c6}}, in the asymptotic case, the distillable coherence of {{formula:ed6d6f4d-4ae4-49c8-8846-3494ed0f371f}} is {{formula:f9a5dcdd-e824-4b00-bf81-98f646a0f80b}}
d
34cf21095856e8dcb328cd1cc7f6f3fe
Related to GAN reconstruction quality is the ability to efficiently find a latent code that corresponds to a target image. Longer optimization can better reconstruct the image, but becomes intractable over a large dataset. In supplementary material, we investigate classification accuracy as a function of the number of ...
d
1f5a4920b83838735770f6408562cf8a
While fitting the LSPM is computationally feasible on the networks considered here, there are many improvements that could be made to shorten run time. For example, a preprocessing step can be used to decide the truncation level of the dimension of the latent space to be fitted. Using a truncation level that is close t...
d
62f4b6cd00f9f422b4ead384283aabcd
This appears to be a viable alternative to that which we have presented in the main text; it is worth briefly outlining the method. The basic idea is similar to operator (Strang) splitting and the method is discussing in some detail in {{cite:15f6660e500abe7b3836ff6f87f9b941118db2da}}, {{cite:5b1bd7cdaf76b203bd5e1057b6...
m
0586db4f98be114f7d6749e5be892e65
FPFH {{cite:a17a9f1d0efe2308236af3ab04af68c599f37b1b}} and FCGF {{cite:1f3bf1a2493134b0d6e0dc664d50993efb79fa67}}: State-of-the-art hand-crafted and learned geometric descriptors used for point cloud matching. We densely extract these descriptors and train a custom shape vocabulary on the global map. We also compare t...
m
a5fdff64256b99dc706f4a3ad31e6cad
IIR-SNN with and without batch-norm. Recent works have achieved low latency by adopting batch-normalization (bn) suitably in SNNs {{cite:38a774de214c4dd03cf80e357a15558f049b4a88}}, {{cite:984a80d39783b48e92c1bb6ade048cd7db810e21}}. To disentangle the effect of bn from the proposed gradual latency reduction scheme and ...
r
88d614b096ecb7635d073f4a2d3fca87
To conduct experiments and determine the effectiveness of our method, we choose three different biomedical image segmentation datasets as the use case. These three different datasets have different types of segmentation masks. At first, we experimented with the 2018 Data Science Bowl (DSB) Challenge dataset {{cite:4fcc...
r
0ec7abab84f96f924e718f18e4fe0590
In recent years, several vector charmonium-like states have been observed, such as the {{formula:f28f4f66-f428-4ad0-b270-7775add16e15}} , {{formula:3f6b9034-52fa-4465-b898-e309c87fba38}} , {{formula:71390ad3-ff35-47cc-b3db-8bc1a22ff9eb}} , {{formula:d4b10db4-493b-440e-b528-b5214b08878f}} , {{formula:c7e07177-33b1-454c-...
i
8b17a0c13bf0c45a443ebde8697cebbb
Modified weak formulation. The nonlinear system () is equipped with non-homogeneous boundary conditions. The analysis in this paper is based on reformulation of () using lifting technique {{cite:5d6772ddeff3897fa8248008aaa93af64f82884b}} that reduces the problem to a system of nonlinear PDEs with homogeneous boundary c...
r
aed99901a88f522ed830bb189728694c
Protons (pions) above 200 (300) MeV kinetic energy have simple or no nuclear corrections as long as formation zone effects can be ignored. Either {{formula:5f29e7c9-cfc2-456d-949a-c73891ec57fb}} or transparency as a validation goal is equally correct. Low energy protons (similar effects will apply to low energy neut...
d
584022f930ccc3b06a089aca3e795f3e
The proposed model aims at learning a representation that predicts the sequence of encoded motion {{formula:6ed1c04f-9caa-4e83-9694-2cc754ac678d}} over {{formula:548deab9-dbd3-4150-b3b0-c73be8411348}} future time steps given an input image sequence {{formula:197520b1-8409-4e25-b084-74f8ebdf6cf4}} of length {{formula...
m
3353331ab3ac0399669d4aaf4f6d3d54
Two versions of the NN anomaly detection algorithms have been proposed: {{formula:b52a0067-d2c0-494d-b37d-05e67c1e4bb1}} {{cite:ffcab871559279a71924e2449d4405ee60c75ef1}} and {{formula:2a60c9ef-fde6-4460-beb3-adc958512466}} {{cite:ec6455ff9bb58f26cf4caec9cd0e65e294518f8a}}. {{formula:f4a4dab7-7c3a-4ff0-b4c7-b78f10b4b...
m
45dacbeadac0009241c5557397196d90
In order to find the underlying reasons for the prediction models' results, we utilize two gradient-based attribution methods, Integrated Gradients (IG) {{cite:2d9100fb0fa65089fdadae16e94bed04d85a9aa5}} and SmoothGrad (SG) {{cite:4049e07d11b8413b9f3fe220a09e0239f26f375e}}, to interpret the event predictions by attribut...
m
05a765f1d30e57951e8328a48cb8a183
While Morcos et al.{{cite:0fca1d9dc1d82de7f2184204c0cbf804d1d0b591}} used direct correlations as pairwise interactions between residues, direct correlations (in liquid theory) are generally different from interactions. In fact, the approach of Morcos et al. may be interpreted as the mean-spherical approximation{{cite:2...
d
f094aa5176caa1ea906c8778db4df95f
In this paper we investigate the use of the recently introduced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). In their seminal paper {{cite:8d40fb485882e30c1fbea532b12126c69167a0f8}} Raissi and co-authors introduce the idea of utilizing modern machine learning ideas as well as the computational frameworks such as TensorFlo...
i
7ce5b80d5ee730408741411cb564bbda
Modern 3D camera technology allows us to capture 3D point cloud data more accessible than ever {{cite:914ea922c4a60db2c98b222dc39c306dd8b01aa5}}. Now, it is time to adapt 3D point cloud recognition models with LwF capabilities. We identify some key difficulties to address this problem. Firstly, in comparison to image d...
i
f43da1d305c785df9b37f228aa2d951f
The dominant approaches for ED involve deep neural networks to learn effective features for the input sentences, including separate models {{cite:639f74fe8b128a0bf6ee7ff29f08e491b7dbb58e}} and joint inference models with event argument prediction {{cite:24f0b64a480e6c77f7bd46ecd19189f1e1fe56fd}}. Among those deep neura...
i
b7045a1179682af410cade6e4e509713
Agent: We train three agents {{formula:f64faf7b-fc6b-4002-aeaf-4ed8f96a8b0d}} , {{formula:ba74acc8-362a-4b6b-81d9-2282f35a3417}} and {{formula:8ae948e5-f770-4c40-a44d-352e7ced7520}} with reward functions {{formula:718aa22f-1f51-4a39-a638-b9e88581c838}} , {{formula:0b34c629-b052-4c23-bb40-d68f9bbb9c59}} , {{formula:3...
m
21597d6d6ea2ea028f70240d28556b76
In experiments, one type of driving force that is relatively easy to engineer has the form of harmonic function {{cite:04fc14005ef683f0da757636788ebbb8fa77ad62}}, {{cite:f3880f5520ce1a9c4cfe12a50e5433837fde9b0f}}, which can be introduced by shaking the lattice back and forth periodically {{cite:892896f20795319def9d9fef...
m
dc2490d6206912b562631ec95d9da3be
We proceed by induction. By construction, for all {{formula:3221e0dc-abdb-42a3-b157-8a699798eb47}} , {{formula:703729e1-300b-4a78-9de8-a080603276fc}} and Equation REF holds when {{formula:9a09385d-04f2-4077-99c8-afc966835c73}} . Fix {{formula:5bc5e011-6bc0-4f85-ab22-0f0fe5ac5a96}} and suppose that for all {{formul...
r
727409e4061f56dff525ad302e981e9c
Continuous-time dynamic graphs (CTDGs) can be viewed as a set of observations/events {{cite:6fe92d2d45a0306e9e6f4ed19e0bd0cd053889bd}}, and the network evolution information is retained. There are only a few works on CTDG. But recently, more attention has been paid to continuous-time graphs. All three representations o...
m
2ced82b26622965cfb072d4de48de2f7
We used the recurrence analysis method to study the non-linear behaviour of several X-ray sources mentioned in {{cite:422f2baa4269823c289360567224433e609f35fc}}. Our present analysis confirmed that the variability in these sources is significantly governed by the nonlinear dynamics of accretion process. We confirm that...
d
f749ce97078ef2fa42553167bdfaf5f2
Haze removal {{cite:b02ddb9174f9534cc67bf5099d1ef2fd3410b102}} is a classical ill-posed image restoration problem, which plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems, e.g., object detection under haze conditions {{cite:d832afce42216d8164b602bceb2fec1b15a3f855}}, {{cite:f4c3691347ac5f50b4bcf6d5645ffbc82...
i
8ec6a2888641c923459204b33590a4d9
Electrocardiography (ECG) reads out a spatial map of the time-varying electrical potentials of the heart acquired using electrodes placed at specific locations on the surface of the body. Interpretation of the ECG unveils structural and functional abnormalities of the heart that can aid the noninvasive diagnosis of car...
i
cf7ea471c5dda428967314f32a732073
In this section, we compare the visual results of our proposed MDDM with the above mentioned demoiréing methods. The visual results are shown in Figure REF . The red square means zoom-in of the image such that we can compare the details of the results. From left to right are the moiré image, results of DnCNN {{cite:33d...
r
d9efb0ff6d488ab98bbe70bbe95dd39f
We have shown how gapless fermions modes bound to defects or solitons in various dimensions may be detected by computing the index of the Euclidean Dirac operator in the presence of additional background fields. The method involves determining the divergence of a generalized Hall current via a 1-loop Feynman integral, ...
d
ace3b6c1e02a2cc77b2b6c58cfb23559
Among the most popular visual grounding tasks is referring expression comprehension (REC), which localizes an object given a referring text {{cite:8cf1160a9f1877fbc2870f128ad21bfb9dc5c1ee}}, {{cite:71b45c73988f615ca2ac6364910d5a2107523400}}, {{cite:85f536630930ea0f155030bdfd4ebe3e842f8a0b}}. This task often requires co...
i
b3edf54434af292571f0799feb05d1fe
The Jacobian conjecture originates from the problem posed by Keller in {{cite:f0cf96ddf35e4f95dd22c7107b849d4383b00272}}. It is the 16th problem in Stephen Smale's list of mathematical problems for the twenty-first century (cf. {{cite:efaa9096e56fb5a335833ba6a4118275b6d63e43}}). Let us recall the precise statement of t...
i
6d81971cb1db1175c266700c9423114a
In the domain of medical image analysis, Pham et al. {{cite:e3e95e780791e5aed275f19e237e4703e59b35ae}} proposed to remap targets to random numbers close to one, finding that this method improved model performance on the CheXpert Dataset {{cite:6fe90101ed27937b46ffe2649ad670309f350fd7}} by approximately 1.4%. Moreover, ...
d
b0b33bc8b5ba466ea0d8c17bab2ffd94
Now, with reasonable descriptions of low-lying meson masses at {{formula:cd24f5f6-3b9d-4941-90a5-8f3bcd50445d}} , we examine the low temperature thermodynamics. Shown in Fig.REF are the entropy densities of a neutral meson gas for various {{formula:1a027a88-9ea9-4a55-bd48-211e4f7185d4}} and {{formula:e74a7a3c-f2d7-42...
r
4fdbfc24e9862e5fb2ebe28b0acd5821
While none of the automated approaches evaluated comes sufficiently close to HYPE-Style for standalone use, our work still constitutes an initial foray into evaluating style-level attributes of multimodal cross-domain mapping, an area where it remains difficult to use mainstream automated evaluation metrics out of the ...
d
696803d0c41f2e440babe9773c05615d
2) Visual Comparison: Figure REF shows the estimated disparities and corresponding BadPix0.07 maps. Since the proposed OACC can handle occlusions in a fine-grained manner, our OACC-Net performs well on scenes with heavy and complex occlusions (e.g., the nested structures in scene boxes). Besides, our method is also ro...
m
d8de3d295cc081baf2eacd4a0073b278
In this chapter we address these issues from a different point of view, inspired by the landscape of string theory vacua. We consider a large number {{formula:8991753b-5bdc-46eb-9802-69025a77b045}} of sectors contributing to supersymmetry breaking. Large number of sequestered hidden sectors have also been considered r...
i
5b0cf55103de6bda52fdb0e782978a79
Image patches that have similar pattern can be spatially far from each other and thus can be collected in the whole image. This so-called nonlocal self-similarity (NSS) prior is the most outstanding priors for image restoration. The seminal work of nonlocal means (NLM) {{cite:8b5c6e4a57b2f662797d71e884443ead3867eac4}} ...
i
2c3dd2cb91d38006835352250f5d7c98
CTIN was implemented in Pytorch 1.7.1 {{cite:4fd52ca000bd86bb09cbca60b13e3e767f4cf94e}} and trained using Adam optimizer {{cite:94506423cd6a2828a95223f22c0ff63ee5976641}} on NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti GPU. During training, we used an initial learning rate of 0.0005, a weight decay value of {{formula:2e02d1de-07b7-4860-abd8-3aa7...
r
83783c2a6cc59857d2dde33507648391
BEiT: Since ImageNet-1k pre-trained weights are not available, we use the official BEiT code release {{cite:1cf8c6642c79d0b7f60a520968c86aae30d23096}} to train ViT-B and ViT-L ourselves for 800 epochs (the default training length used in {{cite:1cf8c6642c79d0b7f60a520968c86aae30d23096}}) on unsupervised ImageNet-1k.
m
8e902caa4bb8e7bbe09c98f82d4af1a4
and the conclusion that {{formula:2b83ec8e-0640-4771-90d3-6f54fa557a8a}} with {{formula:4f462946-3110-4714-a612-18dfc4c26937}} , see {{cite:da6b89d1de26286b0ad31854113d6fe1dd2dc366}}, we get {{formula:60fab868-dfab-4dc4-9119-a5f6c21b5f34}}
r
4702833b67bcca62cc701e9ef557e625
In Ref. {{cite:5522382d1b6e7ac9749027ea4f7f5f62298c8863}}, the process of {{formula:32a1c720-8113-44d3-b830-ca70da863c3e}} is recommended as a discovery channel of {{formula:e4f7ea15-c24c-4249-b007-c2b2843e2155}} , which has been confirmed by the LHCb experiment in Ref. {{cite:d824d5c6cd4a46ba2eb76e2ae08ad259cf1cb35...
r
adb9c2b7c662d3d305473e115581d36b
For the fit of the benchmark simulation, we let the sampler run 50,000 discarded burn-in steps followed by 50,000 sampling steps in 15 different chains using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm {{cite:0697710fd7866684118c495a680aa9798c455112}}, {{cite:1c713dd3a4d609187175f6f95da757defe291cc3}}. Convergence is ensured by ...
m
28f9ebbc24e3b525a547716a2c16831b
The present work has several perspectives and possible extensions. First, it would be interesting to re-derive the approximation (REF ) in a more rigorous way and/or by a direct analysis of the eigenvalue problem, e.g., by matched asymptotic methods. In fact, our derivation involved three approximations, and it was dif...
d
db9049c78752a669824fe49af119e9ab
A variety of distributed planning and decision-making problems, including multiplayer games, search and rescue, and infrastructure monitoring, can be modeled as Multi-agent Markov Decision Processes (MMDPs). In such processes, the state transitions and rewards are determined by the joint actions of all of the agents. W...
i
9eced68c61960b9fdb11648674e92258
large visual spatial contexts combined with efficient iterative patch-based training and dense inference. The output of the CNN is often interpeted as the parameter of a conditional distribution. For instance, in {{cite:e65b3902f9a5612182efe0b774f9ab4365f8a8a1}}, {{cite:29f4160fed4ee7e0d26a97c2b63384ac9445b5aa}}, the o...
i
27e0b94ac99163fb3e6bec15ba0d793a
The model is interpretable, and thus admits the use of prior knowledge, e.g. if we already know some things about an object. The formulation is also composable in that models for individual objects can be learned separately, then combined together at inference time. The variational inference algorithm is obtained dir...
d
590ca6d3f4c9e064ca734d24a13c4abe
In this paper, for Korean-specific table question answering task, we present KO-TaBERT, a new approach to train BERT-based models that learn jointly textual and structured tabular data by converting table structures. To address this, we firstly create two datasets written in Korean language: the tabular dataset contain...
i
f62894678b83ef958728cb1d445bd3bb
The study of products of random matrices has been proposed many decades ago by Bellman {{cite:436b30e2a565f78914af0d3a9fe48cfa642e5271}} and by Furstenberg and Kesten {{cite:dd16c23eb5b2a37ce9823b05721ae49449367a60}}. The motivation was to understand properties of the Lyapunov exponents {{cite:dadcaf727684727b016622a53...
i
6fc85ef4d8d8d9da2aa57344d28bfec3
The skeletons are a good privacy-protecting source of information about human posture. However, the quality of body joints approximation depends upon the resolution of video frames and the degree of occlusion due to objects or people in the scene {{cite:42abe659391b8c752678f34f1c505ecd1d5cc32d}}. Occluding the appearan...
m
1835b61cb89eedd8636368ecc2e3b6ab
where {{formula:6b77027d-494d-49a9-ad74-8708d9393c25}} is the learning rate and {{formula:40be0c84-032c-4392-b3ab-e5db9ad4e106}} and {{formula:4ed0bb28-4906-4ef7-a491-cd64a693c80a}} are positive scalars denoting the portions of the speaker and age group adversarial tasks’ gradients backpropagated to update the gener...
m
1ed3d8426a03652597ad5533ceb28dc5
Our above remarks are of course only speculative, and other possibilities remain. For example, one may have different product structures that are possible in twistor space (corresponding to different ways of picking cohomology representatives), but such that these correspond to different double copies in position space...
d
d212abc97c84fa208b08b8282caaabd4
In {{cite:d95f9ad59c8aa958355c137694b1339325c26a8e}}, the sunspot oscillations in the chromosphere were investigated in conjunction with SJI filters 1400 Å and 2796 Å. In both the filters, the global period increases from sunspot center to the penumbra. They also found that apparent horizontal velocities decrease from ...
d
539786f4562e30e680df1470c4df6099
In addition, we also validate our ResNet50 pretrained with VGGFace2 on the AU detection track. The validation is summarized in Table  REF . Details of evaluation metrics can be found in {{cite:fcda7c78069cb2e53ec15131bcc6674ce3abf1c1}}. {{table:7ed3ef1e-3581-496c-84f3-5b30d1d5d061}}
d
f51d6c17d80b4ea34d08736bbf5c6a8f
In our model, there are five parameters, i.e., the viscous parameter {{formula:1f2e0700-900b-473d-a1cc-06dce7c22998}} , BH mass {{formula:b9b2bb00-6bb7-41fb-a4ba-04cde356a180}} , dimensionless BH spin {{formula:240da768-3000-4d38-92d9-db0088747d54}} , dimensionless accretion rate {{formula:ad32ec37-9a88-4c74-8507-ca8f0...
r
a4b7e83c377914bc14c6b3b66b79a6b7
By the generalized dominated convergence theorem, this will imply that {{formula:c0764e05-2d6d-41fd-af02-de10feb13cc7}} and {{formula:1e5ac705-8854-49ef-939d-d7551c02b838}} {{cite:3ed0047e869c51ca149e271e083f076684ff7fd1}}. Supposing this for the moment, we show how the result follows. Since {{formula:41014e9c-7aec-4...
r
3a96e6741f067da5ee3b3d2b9011eaac
Agent in Data Augmentation To efficiently render depth image, we build an agent that encapsulates Open3D {{cite:0976b935c3946ba9e38a77cb6aa6767ad543dcbe}} GL framework. Our agent contains the implementation of depth projection and depth image augmentation {{cite:6c524388cc94bca2b16bf723c86c46251403d0bf}}. To get more R...
r
132f864d0c11d689fef4b5c28fa87c80
where {{formula:081670b4-edc9-435d-97f4-047c57ae87c8}} are polynomial functions or formal power series. We omit equations admitting a symmetry of order {{formula:bc8aa523-d0f2-4363-81bd-8b54cb4b70b6}} , which have been studied in detail in {{cite:27b2c914f4cc5e96de87f3a27f30d1e849e4ef29}}, {{cite:b03931bc1e50321bc5696...
r
b742f70707543cf7bd5e5613484f230c
We close this work with the proof of the following duality result that extend the one of {{cite:534428b852494c871cdb156b64110f4bf6fec525}}.
d
0e2d7659bfb7eb754acc2b988f3be3f9
Following the formalism in the previous section, we turn to numerical analysis with specific decay modes. At the LHC, about 5% of the total {{formula:f9fcf7e0-26ca-4450-b804-620e2b9eb687}} -hadrons produced are {{formula:2ccfafd3-b2b5-4768-b601-c90a3a886207}} baryons, and both at the LHCb and CMS the muon reconstructi...
r
7a9cfe4e7c19c3848159ffbfde5855c3
We suggested a model of purposeful kinesis with the diffusion coefficient directly dependent on the reproduction coefficient. This model is a straightforward formalisation of the rule: “Let well enough alone”. The well-being is measured by local and instant values of the reproduction coefficient. {{cite:579df23dfe01506...
d
2f52b5d9fdb60293249a1decdec425ad
Computation Cost. Compared to pure ILs, there are two extra cost sources in common meta-game analysis: approximating and solving the meta-game {{cite:b504f366d1761b9700d71586327cb1cb3681275b}}. In our case, the meta-game is restricted to a local two-action game, where two actions, {{formula:4667feab-89bb-4d94-89eb-a3a2...
d
2fa1af88ad91d08f64c3ca849182d219
Using Corollary 1, we can derive the result of lock-free parallel optimisation algorithm {{cite:dba6dcecf646b25d3eb81c0da5aafcd3da79db59}} and the asynchronous distributed optimisation algorithm {{cite:0c1e208e582718ef7177807a3bc58c421aeaa694}} as particular cases. By setting the number of threads {{formula:188817b7-56...
d
ba4fe11c4022ce477bb173d076f9a120
({{formula:a1d3361a-1a57-488b-86be-91c8346c269c}} ): The U-Net implementation used in this work is based on residual units as used in {{cite:d0cb522ee5af42e70dd664e4f6d132209f607379}}, instead of using the classical convolutional blocks, this is meant to to address the degradation as proposed in {{cite:6c2b17f7619a012...
m
a79aec335ec87d214e5a96b405eddd37
We assume that the readers are familar with the concept of vertex operator algebras (VOA), modules over VOA and the {{formula:7a93c4f4-b940-41c3-9c20-cf2c494bea03}} theory, see {{cite:d84e93e3b820012e7083eb664caf84eee3a19ce5}}, {{cite:2bcc26e0462d0d29c5eb642fbb3c21e5fdce36df}}, {{cite:0c2cf2d981e84ac15ddbaa666317c9735...
i
0337b8ef88cff836d7ea02cde4923a5f
always reaches the global minimum after a sufficiently long sampling time (cf. {{cite:20b265cec9b85d4b9016e88f9fcc8c3120a66999}}).
m
66598920c5e713b2879cd0bd351e501c
with {{formula:2a353a47-28c6-4bf8-b0c8-e523ac147ee4}} . It follows that {{formula:04a0f891-1446-4f0d-9823-0413783da47b}} is well defined by (REF ) (see {{cite:5ab021148a81510b3064ba1794c292a879f62a1e}} and references therein). Hence, the problem (REF ) has a unique solution.
m
7c30905993b0a15b7c5431a46727947f
Overall, ethical aspects of applied AI are a hot topic, and we partially cover it in previous work {{cite:a3fb24f4c986d6dc167fa9376ecbf36e08f9eda9}}. Jobin et al. {{cite:54c6c1a201c113c7cc957581614e435df501bd6a}} found that transparency and justice/fairness were top ethical principles in guidelines for ethical AI {{cit...
d
9405e95b4621c86b0e95106a4c155324
First, no single existing AST-based model can beat the simple token-based models in all tasks. This may indicate that the plain text of source code has revealed strong naturalness of programming language so that applying classic NLP models directly on source code could already bring pretty good performance on most task...
d
3787bbe51e28641f2b171cb14cc63d4a
In Fig. REF , we report the density of states (DOS) for {{formula:b90f49b8-391e-4df8-9219-d8d044a15e1b}} and {{formula:e1281d62-55c9-42f8-998e-9f8f2c329d58}} at different temperatures. For all the temperatures, there is a strong renormalization of the bare band whose width becomes twice smaller (from {{formula:3d69de...
r
159b735910b3ee763c35bff60db7182a
Our model based on the EFTofLSS was described in Section  and has 10 free parameters. The monopole and quadrupole are both calculated at redshifts {{formula:8ff40bca-216c-4f30-bd21-76f7d4988d2d}} and {{formula:ed9b296f-65c3-4a8d-9a87-f9ce5a786a38}} . For each likelihood calculation, the cosmological parameters are ass...
m
24a0b576da7db57cc981ffdf7cb8e9e1
Each input image is transformed into a feature map divided into {{formula:c8bea453-420b-4e56-960f-f56c10e1b321}} patches. The {{formula:ca330a1e-03ff-4d02-952c-023ab2a06c4b}} -th patch, with {{formula:2889cfac-5918-4f38-8dee-f23570311239}} is fed to the corresponding column {{formula:a88881d4-0e8e-4ac5-9a0c-834eba415...
m
b424764a4b55fd22f724db2c1aa713bb
Cases {{formula:2c314fe8-f7dd-4905-8a9c-bed850af8c4d}} and {{formula:25338b0c-cc3b-4926-8473-72e609b983d1}} are treated in the same way. Let us only prove the statement when {{formula:42dc6ee0-cd4b-4dba-9c6b-365cd6d6d0d9}} Dividing {{formula:4273a335-c2c8-4fda-81a3-a68afcdc3757}} with {{formula:b4f7583e-2907-4a93-bb...
r
0fe0d6d55797032e60d1c1e59bfdbcd4
The resulting model amplitudes, including additional background terms, were fitted to the available data for {{formula:b2116efc-c0f1-4de8-a5f5-643d1c0dc76d}} in all charge channels in the region up to the total energy {{formula:19590355-5ed9-4dd2-8fe3-5b377ba3d323}}  MeV. The asymmetries {{formula:5885abec-3481-49f9-9...
r
de9637a6ee68978fd55095ae8e9cbc68
In Figure REF , we display some qualitative results under 1/8 protocol on the Cityscapes val set, and all the approaches are based on DeepLabv3+ with ResNet-101 network. Benefited from the proposed framework with a series of components, our method shows more accurate segmentation results than the previous state-of-art ...
r
d9e67e4c39502c0b61410677356e942b
paragraph4 .5em plus1ex minus.2ex-.5emVariance of interest. As each encoding is the encoder output of an augmented view from an image, the total variance in encodings mainly comes from three types: i) changes to the encoder, ii) changes across images, and iii) changes within a single image. For type i), MoCo {{cite:122...
m
7853fff2b2ff14cc6335124fa904df36
Our study differs from other approaches in network inference in so far as our aim here is not to infer the existence, or otherwise, of links but rather to infer the most likely network class that led to the observed population-level data resulting from an epidemic spreading on it. As a result, the data needed for infer...
d
3e7f9f40e8be57317167d4a38502f9e7
paragraph41ex plus1ex minus.2ex-1emDatasets and Baselines. We follow the same experiment protocol as prior works. Two datasets, CIFAR-100 {{cite:3163f6944af7c32d0a36e9e8cee4b14f3d1082b0}} and ImageNet {{cite:a97394b04dffce3b7af323c46bd1f59b20e663a1}} with 100 classes selected randomly, are used for experiments. The dat...
r
490ea44b2db558d41586646a87a5b045
Existing methods for multi-hop QA have two main strands. The first is to predict the sequential relation path in a weakly supervised setting {{cite:8297c7c8f487c9c7da2b466a56ddfba7de25d9dd}}, {{cite:629f4f58c37b539515aec46bc14259c95c8b1bfb}}, that is, to learn the intermediate path only based on the final answer. These...
i
c4af04d0737234bf1492299a6812935c
which is the counterterm of the asymptotically AdS spaces. Having the total finite action {{formula:a5967d5b-23b5-46da-86e4-133a811601ec}} at hand, we can use the quasilocal definition to construct a divergence free stress-energy tensor {{cite:164f92a4d91136edcfac38335f8b1395d087d8b5}}. Thus we write down the finite s...
m
753ffbc729e5f65e4f327c5597bb941b
Chignolin. For chignolin, the crystal structure was first obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 5AWL) {{cite:b9c4fa19ee89f15299417755ec1159d8a7d7584c}}. In order to achieve the initial unfolded conformations, one MD simulation in vacuum at 1000 K is conducted for 5 ns. 12 fully extended conformations are randomly ch...
m
b2178fda9d13844756352b2d9941be79
where {{formula:28ed6b5e-ba70-4875-8c06-c8ff4454d7de}} and {{formula:45210c4e-9fa0-4138-9517-9b4ccf728f15}} are given as functions of {{formula:e8ca5925-4b97-42d3-ba13-a127e3ffb0bd}} by equation (REF ). This relation between thermodynamics and entanglement in harmonic systems at their ground state has been exploited...
d
7b0bccc4d93fe63b5cf364dd66bd4045
Today’s commercial speech recognition systems in both academic and industry fields require ever-increasing volumes of text-annotated speech signals for training. The need for massive data in supervised learning hinders the fast advancement of speech processing research. To tackle this issue, self-supervised learning (S...
i
0b4ce4073906d5449da16fb5a99f3537
Looking-to-Listen model {{cite:6d1263852045ae94df8e3e4cf0b69c56f84d92b9}}: A speaker independent audio-visual speech separation model. Online Visual Augmented (OVA) model {{cite:fedd0c23fad05d83dfdcacf209792ddca9396662}}: A late fusion based visual speech enhancement model, which involves the audio-based component, v...
r
66bd662b20509b23558e1011d8708033
All these algorithms and indeed the general RL study have been hitherto predominantly limited to discrete-time Markov decision processes (MDPs). It remains a largely uncharted territory to study RL in continuous time with continuous state and action spaces. The few existing papers on RL in the continuous setting are mo...
i
08123bc022af98c14b479ca56fa94857
Existing methods for learning-to-defer to an expert aim to improve the performance of a prediction task e.g. {{cite:670e29118b908ee73095229f0ad55ff9bbdeb0b6}}, {{cite:93113003430fb2f4fa8972313ee059b439c7578a}}, {{cite:f79b4eb5f790040aa6aeba8fb26adaad6a5cd1ec}} by deferring to the expert. These methods defer to experts ...
i
7fa9454563652e6e6942316acf3c9a62
As discussed before, our method achieves some measure of knowledge transfer to restricted discrete action spaces. However, what remains unexplored in this thread is the application of this method for transferring knowledge to expanded action spaces and action spaces that have disjoint components. For target domains tha...
d
b1fb5e4206f4cea039adec81db75d9b6
Empirically, we found more learnable parameters are needed with greater {{formula:c81c5cd0-78e2-428f-b469-a356ac02b0b7}} . Thus, our generator {{formula:7ada3a60-9bd5-4f95-acd0-e13741b107cc}} is a CNN illustrated in Fig. REF with 16 residual blocks and {{formula:d28d1fdd-b21c-4061-a802-05eacce95c6d}} kernels of size...
m
52c3d268f964b09b8fa4edeb08ad6e8e
Parametric denoising methods in the literature consider the noise in PET images to be additive Gaussian {{cite:3a0897edc670a6f654c0bf0e7f862d260f8bd42c}}. However, Gaussian assumption in PET images may result in the further loss of already poor resolution, increased blurring, and altered clinically relevant imaging mar...
i
88074ba7e5bd985ddd3d1151ca97deec
A more popular algorithm is {{formula:3898df38-fda8-4d8d-aa7d-0ebd5ea0e9d1}} {{cite:4ac4db40486eb9354afc4550c149ea812e02a757}}, which adds EMA-style heavy ball momentum to rmsprop. Adam has an optional “bias correction” scheme. With no bias correction, Adam employs the rmsprop preconditioner rule in Eq (REF ); with b...
m
01aae7eb925c010e436360466b272507
Some methods, such as the wavelet approach in {{cite:b0132a5b37e0b2c848d5c22a5783816c8a605a46}}, allow for a bit more of an unsupervised approach in terms of data sampling, but the results are largely the same. In theory the input to a LSTM model can also be trained using complete life time sequences. Additionally, sta...
d
0c7a8d6fea56fa8699242f9ea517c0e1
The fact that Newton's constant is the natural cutoff is consistent with the idea that the Bekenstein formula for black hole entropy involves a renormalized Newton constant {{cite:8e2c71be0d9a5b5033accad0ff9cb9d8eda937b4}}, {{cite:142701f5e01af59a71a8d94118c64f7c22382c65}}, {{cite:9c1fbf753e0bc69df6c72d04ca461001fcc09a...
i
5fc34ba6f45a1bac8f34997e752901a0
The results of the ablation study on the KITTI dataset are shown in Table REF . We can see that the backbone Monodepth2 model {{cite:5de2838f4ded0999b64a2a5cf5fc164e38b7fbbf}} performed the worst without any of our contributions but by changing the architecture to a Siamese encoder- Siamese decoder, the evaluation meas...
r
83b4a18bab5a8fe55de0c3c6709f934b
E-FT: As described above. E-LwF {{cite:04a0050e882c01082d37b3cda517b80cb38ed678}}: It aims to guarantee the output embeddings {{formula:2df72b8d-0b90-4636-be12-13372c25c0c4}} of the models belonging to previous tasks is similar with the output embeddings {{formula:96aa87c7-bdd7-4765-845c-9c7a23853e09}} of the curre...
m
c60666dcdc87bb7db7bae1e351995614
Recently, {{cite:7c7f85db901c6095a14ccd3c98f39ca116a52912}} derived a slightly improved uniform stability bound that implies {{formula:ae0b7d70-10c2-427f-bea9-7dc2ec010917}}
r
3781681dc36bfe436202ef8baca92503
Sequential decision making tasks are most commonly formulated as Markov Decision Problems {{cite:501b478ab948ab56c20cfab5d33ac3573825f917}}. An MDP models a world with state transitions that depend on the action an agent may choose. Transitions also yield rewards. Every MDP is guaranteed to have an optimal policy: a st...
i
1bbe19eec802c636989d7f1e3f6daf22
The qualitative results and quantitive results on the KITTI Eigen split are shown in Table REF and Figure REF . In Table REF , it can be seen that the proposed H-Net outperforms all existing state-of-the-art self-supervised methods by a significant margin. Compared with other approaches that applied direct supervision...
r
1da38daa94cd5cc667014b8bae9c0fce
Readout function. The readout functions are widely designed by statistics e.g. min/max/sum/average of nodes to represent the graphs {{cite:e615dc2679b0423bdd4aa6ca4e4684b69b922cf1}}, {{cite:9de1b8fe43285fdab5fe6218ea62339c1cfe8621}}. On the basis of global pooling schemes, SortPooling {{cite:345d15115d71889166ec8debb6e...
d
18e98c7835a6ca038077cfde52e8ec5c
NN model compression methods include not only techniques for pruning {{cite:20e365fc5478f4f3dbf7e54a2161980d30d8227d}}, {{cite:7973f8fa1f0d88532dc3b18647ff9ec808f9778d}}, {{cite:79bbb8c4d784fe89f52e3bd276548feca547eb2e}} or quantizing parameters {{cite:5759627c97201d84258db6f15198eccd45bd77b1}} of a trained model, but ...
i
0ab5da26369bc6f6d78f40b6678599d6
With this definition, a maximal coupling {{cite:51f0cc47feb118d46195957a180e00ac8b8e26eb}}, {{cite:395fae925b8ddba9b4c4114c55f88418320bb4df}} is a diagonal coupling with maximal mass on the diagonal event {{formula:e6ed217e-7b94-4872-85b9-cb9b22f45095}} . The maximal coupling also has a connection with the total variat...
m
9f75a450d47241a6425cb97b2b2c111d