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1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
The building is now a public house The town is home to the Maes Manor Hotel, located in a grand old manor house known as Maesrudded. The house was formerly home to the Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire.
Evan James (Ieuan ap Iago, 1809–93) was a weaver and wool merchant by profession and owner of the Ancient Druid Inn in Hollybush, in the parish of Bedwellty, Monmouthshire. He moved to Pontypridd when his son James (Iago ap Ieuan, 1833-1902) was a young boy. Evan James and his son James are credited with composing the Welsh national anthem, 'Hen Wlad fy Nhadau' ('Land of my Fathers') in 1856. Evan was a poet and it is believed that he wrote the words while his son James composed the tune. The | 22,700 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
song was published in the volume 'Gems of Welsh Melody' (1860) and soon became extremely popular. It is not certain when the song was first adopted as the Welsh national anthem. A memorial, designed by W. Goscombe John, was erected in honour of Evan and James James in Ynysangharad Park, Pontypridd, in 1930.
The decline of the coal mining industry throughout the later part of the twentieth century affected South Wales, the major source of employment was lost and the landscape left daily reminders of what had been. State backed rejuvenation schemes have gone some way to rejuvenate the wider Blackwood area, including the relief road and various light industrial areas.
# Contemporary Blackwood.
In | 22,701 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
sport, Blackwood has two rugby union and one rugby league sides, all of whom play at Glan-Yr-Afon Park. The rugby union sides are Blackwood RFC, established in 1889, and Blackwood Stars RFC, originating . The rugby league club is called the Blackwood Bulldogs and plays in the Welsh Conference Premier. Rugby players Kevin Moseley, Alun Pask and Alun Lewis hail from the town.
Blackwood also has a cricket club called Blackwood Town Cricket Club that plays in the Glamorgan and Monmouthshire League Division One. A number of Blackwood players have gone on to play for Glamorgan, Ryan Watkins and Kyle Tudge amongst them
The Bus Station, which links Blackwood to a lot of surrounding areas and includes | 22,702 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
a rail-link service to nearby train stations, has had a make-over.
Blackwood's cinema, the Maxime, was originally purpose-built as a cinema in 1938, was then used as a bingo hall, but is now once again a five-screen cinema. Some of the original decor has been preserved in the foyer.
Blackwood is twinned with Protivín, a small town in the Czech Republic.
# Landmarks.
## The Chartist Bridge.
The Arup designed Chartist Bridge linking the East and West sides of the Sirhowy Valley. Previously the journey was made by de-tour or over a 1 in 4 road through the bottom of the valley known locally as the Rhiw.
The bridge is a part of the Sirhowy Enterprise Way, regeneration project and opened four | 22,703 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
months ahead of schedule on 3 December 2005.
The bridge is a cable stayed bridge 230m long supported 30m above the valley floor by a 90m A frame pylon. Difficulties with mining related subsidence during construction and in the foreseeable future led the design team to allow the bridge to breathe if settlement does occur. The bridge and the Sirhowy Enterprise Way are operated and maintained by the DBFO Company (Design, Build, Finance and Operate) in accordance with the DBFO contract for a period of thirty years.
A statue to honour the Chartist struggle and their march to Newport has been erected on the East side of the bridge while a name plate is situated on the West. The statue itself is | 22,704 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
an impressive and imposing figure of a chartist striding forward, pike in hand. It is made up of thousands of brass rings and represents strength in unity.
## Miners Institute.
Blackwood Miners Institute is described by Caerphilly County Borough Council as the "Heart of the Community", from its inception in 1925 as Snooker Hall to its current Multi Entertainment Venue it sits at the heart of the town's event programme and is known locally as "The 'stute".
In 1925 a Snooker Hall was opened, by the Coal Industry and the Social Welfare Organisation, and funded by the miners of Oakdale Colliery at the rate of 3d a week. The building was initially single-story but by 1936 another two floors had | 22,705 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
been added and by then the building had an auditorium, dance floor, reading room, library, ladies room and rehearsal rooms for local societies. Programmes from the time included Tea Dances, snooker/billiards, reading groups, rehearsals and union meetings for local miners.
With the decline of the mining industry the building fell into disrepair throughout the 1970s and 1980s and ownership was handed to Islwyn Borough Council with the mandate to make it available for community use.
The building was formally re-opened in February 1992 by Lynne Vaughan, who was Theatre Manager between September 1991 and June 1995. Funded by Islwyn Borough Council and the Welsh Office, it has given local dramatic | 22,706 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
societies the opportunity to perform on the same stage as Jasper Carrot, Ken Dodd and Welsh National Opera.
# Christianity.
The 1904-1905 Welsh Revival and the prominence of Christianity in the culture of Blackwood and the surrounding villages have left Blackwood with a high number of churches and chapels, although many are now disused, derilict and falling to ruin.
Non-conformist churches include Mount Pleasant Baptist Church on Cefn Road, Blackwood Methodist Church, the Oasis Christian Centre (Charismatic) and Blackwood Pentecostal (Pentecostal Movement)
Anglican churches include St. Margaret’s (Church in Wales), located at the top of the High Street. There is a Roman Catholic church, | 22,707 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
Sacred Heart, in nearby Pontllanfraith.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, sometimes referred to as Mormons, have a history here.
The Boys' Brigade and Girls' Brigade are in Blackwood with companies meeting at the Baptist and Methodist churches, there are also a number of Christian youth groups.
# Education.
There is a network of primary schools, junior schools and secondary schools. The town is provided for by three local comprehensive schools all with between 800 – 1000 pupils. The Secondary schools are Blackwood Comprehensive School, Pontllanfraith Comprehensive and Oakdale Comprehensive. Until the mid-1990s Blackwood comprehensive had separate uniforms for senior and junior | 22,708 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
pupils. A number of Blackwood pupils have been to Oxbridge and to other leading educational institutions.
An increase in demand for Welsh language medium education has led to the establishment of two Welsh Medium Infants and Primary schools. Ysgol Trelyn is located in the community of Pengam to the west of Blackwood and the newly opened Ysgol Cwm Derwen is located in the village of Oakdale to the east of the town. Both schools are 'feeder' schools to the Secondary School Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni located in Fleur de Lys, a village adjacent to Pengam to the west of Blackwood.
# Transport.
Blackwood is in the middle of the Sirhowy Valley, the source of the river near Tredegar to the North and | 22,709 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
the confluence with the River Ebbw to the South. The main road to Blackwood and for traffic heading North or South was through Blackwood High Street (B4521), until the Sirhowy Enterprise Way was opened in 2005. Sirhowy Enterprise way was 4.3km of new single carriageway roads following the former Pennar Branch railway line
(closed 1989) on the Eastern Side of the valley, connected by the Chartist Bridge to the North and a bridge linking Woodfieldside to Blackwood in the south. The new roads which link to the A472 and the A467 provide links with Newport and other major towns and have closed off local roads such as the 1 in 4 incline of the Rhiw.
Blackwood has no heavy or light rail links, local | 22,710 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
bus services run between Blackwood Bus Station and Ystrad Mynach with a link to the Transport for Wales, Rhymney Line. Blackwood appears in the preliminary South Wales Metro plan published by Transport for Wales as being a possible extension to the rail links. The Sirhowy Tramroad, which was constructed in 1797, ran through what is now High Street. The tramroad was converted to a standard-gauge Railway in 1860 and was taken over by The London & North Western Railway (LNWR) in 1876 which was incorporated into The London, Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923. Passenger services ran from June 1865 until June 1960, Mineral traffic to coal yards at Blackwood & Tredegar continued until April 1969 | 22,711 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
with track lifted the following year. Some evidence of the railway still exists such as the underpass at Cwmgelli, most of the line is now a cycle path. The site of Blackwood Railway Station is now occupied by KFC.
The town has since been served by buses. There were two major companies in the Eastern and Central Valleys, namely:
- Red & White, which covered the western Sirhowy valleys and Newport area. Red & White was started in post World War I, they served many areas of South Wales and Gloucestershire. After de-nationalisation the company was broken up, part became Stagecoach Red & White and the company is now known as Stagecoach South Wales.
- Western Welsh: a company nationalised in 1969.
Red | 22,712 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
& White and Western Welsh merged to become National Welsh in 1978, which was privatised in 1987. Its operations were acquired by Stagecoach in South Wales in 1992.
Other operators have included:
- IBT - Islwyn Borough Transport: IBT (originally established in 1926 as the West Monmouthshore Omnibus Board) was the former municipal operator and served routes in the Islwyn Borough Area (Bedwellty and Mynyddislwyn) with the main depot next to St Margaret's Church, Blackwood. Later moving to a new depot on Penmaen Road Pontllanfraith; a depot that is still occupied by IBT's successor organisation. Following deregulation, its IBT traded as an arms' length operation of Caerphilly County Borough Council. | 22,713 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
Its distinctive blue and white livery was transferred from its Leyland Tiger and Leyland Leopard buses (which were a common sight until the early 21st Century) to their low floor fleet. However, in late 2009 Caerphilly resolved to sell IBT to Stagecoach in South Wales. The sale was approved by the Office of Fair Trading and took place on 12 January 2010.
- Harris Coaches: Formerly a coach operator moved into bus operation after deregulation.
- Glyn Williams: Glyn Williams sold out to Stagecoach in 2005.
# Rotary.
The Rotary Club of Blackwood was formed in 1946 and currently has seventeen male members and one female member. The Club meets every Tuesday at Maes Manor Hotel and is active in | 22,714 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
the local community. The Club raises funds for various charities and supports extra curricular activities in local schools.
Every Christmas, club members can be found at the entrance to the town's Asda store, with a miniature nativity scene, raising funds that the Club donates to local charities.
On 6 December 2012 the Club hosted the Welsh premiere of the Dustin Hoffman film "Quartet". The venue for this premiere was Cardiff's Cineworld complex, with an after film party at a Cardiff hotel.
In early August 2014 Blackwood's Maxime cinema reopened its doors after being purchased by new owners and after being given an extensive refit. On 5 August the Rotary Club of Blackwood hosted the cinema's | 22,715 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
gala opening evening. The film chosen for this event was the aptly named "Blackwood", a 2014 ghost story from an independent production company.
The Club's 2018 president was Trevor Morgan, a local clergyman.
# Political representation.
Blackwood is currently represented on Caerphilly County Borough Council by three Independent councillors: Kevin Etheridge, Andrew Farina-Childs and Nigel Dix.
# Notable people.
- David Alexander, singer and entertainer
- Paul Barrett - Well known rock and roll agent and promoter, former manager of Shakin' Stevens was born in Blackwood
- James Dean Bradfield, Richey James Edwards, Sean Moore and Nicky Wire all grew up in the town and attended Oakdale Comprehensive | 22,716 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
School nearby, forming the influential rock band Manic Street Preachers. Bradfield and Wire have since also released solo material.
- Siobhan Dowd author, lived in Blackwood between 2000 and 2003.
- Sam Gardiner, Irish politician, lived in Blackwood for a number of years.
- Evan James writer and composer of Welsh National Anthem was from Argoed on the outskirts of Blackwood.
- Neil Kinnock former leader of the Labour Party was Blackwood's local MP (for the former parliamentary constituency of Bedwellty) from June 1983 to February 1995 and lived in the town during part of that period.
- Jon Maguire songwriter and former member of Lilygreen & Maguire
- Welsh noise rock group mclusky formed | 22,717 |
1804737 | Blackwood, Caerphilly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackwood,%20Caerphilly | Blackwood, Caerphilly
(for the former parliamentary constituency of Bedwellty) from June 1983 to February 1995 and lived in the town during part of that period.
- Jon Maguire songwriter and former member of Lilygreen & Maguire
- Welsh noise rock group mclusky formed after meeting at Blackwood Miner's Institute.
- Alun Pask and Alun Lewis former Wales and British Lions and Kevin Moseley former Wales Lock originate from the town
- Dame Margaret Price opera singer.
- Songdog are another notable local act.
# External links.
- Monumental Inscriptions for Libanus Baptist Chapel
- Welsh Coal mines website - all the Welsh pits including local ones
- www.geography.co.uk : photos of Blackwood and surrounding area | 22,718 |
269849 | Ted Lindsay Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Lindsay%20Award | Ted Lindsay Award
Ted Lindsay Award
The Ted Lindsay Award, formerly known as the Lester B. Pearson Award, is awarded annually to the National Hockey League's most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the members of the NHL Players' Association. First awarded in 1971, it is a companion to the Hart Memorial Trophy, which is awarded to the League's Most Valuable Player, as judged by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The award was renamed in 2010 after Ted Lindsay of the Detroit Red Wings.
# History.
The award was first handed out at the conclusion of the 1970–71 NHL season. It was named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, who was Prime Minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968, the | 22,719 |
269849 | Ted Lindsay Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Lindsay%20Award | Ted Lindsay Award
recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize, and a former player and coach for the University of Toronto Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team.
On April 29, 2010, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the award would be reintroduced as the Ted Lindsay Award to honor Hall of Famer Ted Lindsay for his skill, tenacity, leadership, and role in establishing the original Players' Association. The voting for the trophy is conducted at the end of the regular season by the members of the NHL Players Association.
Wayne Gretzky won the award five times during his career. Members of the Pittsburgh Penguins have won the award the most number of times, with ten winners, followed by the | 22,720 |
269849 | Ted Lindsay Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Lindsay%20Award | Ted Lindsay Award
Edmonton Oilers, with eight winners. The Lindsay Award is considered to be the companion of the Hart Memorial Trophy—sixteen players have won both trophies for the same season: Guy Lafleur ( and ), Gretzky (, , , and ), Mario Lemieux (, and ), Mark Messier ( and ), Brett Hull (), Sergei Fedorov (), Eric Lindros (), Dominik Hasek ( and ), Jaromir Jagr (), Joe Sakic (), Martin St. Louis (), Sidney Crosby ( and ), Alexander Ovechkin ( and ), Evgeni Malkin (), Carey Price (), Patrick Kane (2015–16), Connor McDavid (2016–17) and Nikita Kucherov (2018–19). Of those seventeen, only Lafleur, Gretzky, Lemieux, Jagr, St. Louis, Crosby, Ovechkin, Malkin, Kane, McDavid and Kucherov have also won the Art | 22,721 |
269849 | Ted Lindsay Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Lindsay%20Award | Ted Lindsay Award
Ross Trophy for the same season and completed a Hart-Pearson/Lindsay-Art Ross sweep, (while Hasek and Price are the only goaltenders to win the Hart-Pearson/Lindsay double to date) and Bobby Orr won the Norris-Pearson-Art Ross Triple in 1975 and is the only defenceman to win the Pearson/Lindsay) . Of that list, only Ovechkin has also won the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy for top goal-scorer in the same year, completing what is to date the only Hart-Pearson-Art Ross-Richard sweep. Had the Richard Trophy existed formally during the years they completed their Hart-Pearson-Art Ross sweeps, however, Lafleur would have achieved the four-award sweep once (in 1977–78), Lemieux twice (1987–88 and 1995–96), | 22,722 |
269849 | Ted Lindsay Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ted%20Lindsay%20Award | Ted Lindsay Award
Ovechkin has also won the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy for top goal-scorer in the same year, completing what is to date the only Hart-Pearson-Art Ross-Richard sweep. Had the Richard Trophy existed formally during the years they completed their Hart-Pearson-Art Ross sweeps, however, Lafleur would have achieved the four-award sweep once (in 1977–78), Lemieux twice (1987–88 and 1995–96), and Gretzky five times (1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85 and 1986–87).
# See also.
- List of National Hockey League awards
- List of NHL players
- List of NHL statistical leaders
# References.
- General
- Ted Lindsay Award at NHL.com
- Ted Lindsay Award history at Legends of Hockey.net
- Specific | 22,723 |
269857 | Louis Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Gottschalk | Louis Gottschalk
Louis Gottschalk
Louis Gottschalk may refer to:
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829–1869), American composer
- Louis F. Gottschalk (1864–1934), American composer (grand-nephew of Louis M.)
- Louis A. Gottschalk, American psychiatrist
- Louis R. Gottschalk, American historian | 22,724 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
Maria of Yugoslavia
Maria of Romania (6 January 1900 – 22 June 1961), known in Serbian as Marija Karađorđević (), was Queen of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Queen of Yugoslavia, as the wife of King Alexander from 1922 until his assassination in 1934. She was the mother of Peter II, the last reigning Yugoslav king. Her citizenship was revoked and her property confiscated by the Yugoslav Communist regime in 1947, but she was "rehabilitated" in 2014.
# Early life.
Maria was born on January 6, 1900, at Friedenstein Palace in Gotha, a town in Thuringia, in the German Empire. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, and was known as "Mignon" | 22,725 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
in the family to distinguish her from her mother. Her parents were Marie of Edinburgh and Ferdinand of Romania. She had three brothers and two sisters: Carol, future King of Romania (Carol II); Nicholas, Prince of Romania; Elisabetha, Princess of Romania and future Queen of Greece; Ileana, Princess of Romania and future Archduchess of Austria (Tuscan line); and another brother, Mircea, who died at age three. Although plump, Maria was a noted beauty in her youth and resembled her sister Elisabeth.
During World War I, she worked as a nurse with her mother, along with her two sisters.
# Marriage and children.
Maria married Alexander I, second King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in Belgrade on | 22,726 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
8 June 1922, and had three sons:
- King Peter II (1923–1970)
- Prince Tomislav (1928–2000)
- Prince Andrej (1929–1990)
Following the assassination of her husband, King Alexander I, in Marseille in 1934, her oldest son, then only 11 became Peter II of Yugoslavia, the last reigning Yugoslav king. She was given the title Queen Mother of Yugoslavia in 1941. She moved to a farm in England and lived a relatively normal life without royal extravagance. Maria was well educated. She spoke several languages fluently and enjoyed painting and sculpting under the guidance of artist Iva Despić-Simonović. She also drove a car by herself, which was very unusual for royalty at the time.
She died in exile | 22,727 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
in London on 22 June 1961 and was interred at the Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore, which adjoins Windsor Castle, before her remains were transferred to Serbia in April 2013 and re-interred on 26 May 2013 in Oplenac, Serbia.
# Humanitarian work.
Queen Maria was popular and respected by the Serbian public, and is still well thought of in the region. She was regarded as an ideal wife and mother according to the contemporary Serbian ideal and described as a humble person. She was engaged in several social projects. In the eyes of the Serbian people, she remains one of the greatest patrons of charities in Serbia.
Streets are named in her memory, such as "Ulica kraljice Marije" or "Queen Maria | 22,728 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
Street", and numerous schools and other organizations still carry her name.
## Titles and styles.
- 6 January 1900 – 8 June 1922: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Maria of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- 8 June 1922 – 6 January 1929: "Her Majesty" The Queen of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- 6 January 1929 – 9 October 1934: "Her Majesty" The Queen of Yugoslavia
- 9 October 1934 – 22 June 1961: "Her Majesty" Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
## Honours.
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Karađorđe (8 June 1922)
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
- | 22,729 |
269851 | Maria of Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria%20of%20Yugoslavia | Maria of Yugoslavia
hness" Princess Maria of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- 8 June 1922 – 6 January 1929: "Her Majesty" The Queen of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- 6 January 1929 – 9 October 1934: "Her Majesty" The Queen of Yugoslavia
- 9 October 1934 – 22 June 1961: "Her Majesty" Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
## Honours.
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Karađorđe (8 June 1922)
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
- : Dame Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (1959)
# External links.
- Royal House of Yugoslavia
- The Mausoleum of the Serbian Royal Family | 22,730 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
Louis Moreau Gottschalk
Louis Moreau Gottschalk (May 8, 1829 – December 18, 1869) was an American composer and pianist, best known as a virtuoso performer of his own romantic piano works. He spent most of his working career outside of the United States.
# Life and career.
Gottschalk was born in New Orleans to a Jewish businessman from London and a Creole mother. He had six brothers and sisters, five of whom were half-siblings by his father's biracial mistress. His family lived for a time in a tiny cottage at Royal and Esplanade in the Vieux Carré. Louis later moved in with relatives at 518 Conti Street; his maternal grandmother Bruslé and his nurse Sally had both been born in Saint-Domingue | 22,731 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
(known later as Haiti). He was therefore exposed to a variety of musical traditions, and played the piano from an early age. He was soon recognized as a prodigy by the New Orleans bourgeois establishment, making his informal public debut in 1840 at the new St. Charles Hotel.
Only two years later, at the age of 13, Gottschalk left the United States and sailed to Europe, as he and his father realized a classical training was required to fulfill his musical ambitions. The Paris Conservatoire, however, rejected his application without hearing him, on the grounds of his nationality; Pierre Zimmerman, head of the piano faculty, commented that "America is a country of steam engines". Gottschalk eventually | 22,732 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
gained access to the musical establishment through family friends. After a concert at the Salle Pleyel, Frédéric Chopin remarked: "Give me your hand, my child; I predict that you will become the king of pianists." Franz Liszt and Charles-Valentin Alkan, too, recognised Gottschalk's extreme talent.
After Gottschalk returned to the United States in 1853, he traveled extensively; a sojourn in Cuba during 1854 was the beginning of a series of trips to Central and South America. Gottschalk also traveled to Puerto Rico after his Havana debut and at the start of his West Indian period. He was quite taken with the music he heard on the island, so much so that he composed a work, probably in 1857, entitled | 22,733 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
"Souvenir de Porto Rico; Marche des gibaros, Op. 31 (RO250)". "Gibaros" refers to the jíbaros, or Puerto Rican peasantry, and is an antiquated way of writing this name. The theme of the composition is a march tune which may be based on a Puerto Rican folk song form.
At the conclusion of that tour, he rested in New Jersey then returned to New York City. There he continued to rest and took on a very young Venezuelan student, Teresa Carreño. Gottschalk rarely took on students and was skeptical of prodigies, but Carreño was an exception and he was determined that she succeed. With his busy schedule, Gottschalk was only able to give her a handful of lessons, yet she would remember him fondly and | 22,734 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
performed his music for the rest of her days. A year after meeting Gottschalk, she performed for Abraham Lincoln and would go on to become a renowned concert pianist earning the nickname "Valkyrie of the Piano".
By the 1860s, Gottschalk had established himself as the best known pianist in the New World. Although born and reared in New Orleans, he was a supporter of the Union cause during the American Civil War. He returned to his native city only occasionally for concerts, but he always introduced himself as a New Orleans native.
In May 1865, he was mentioned in a San Francisco newspaper as having "travelled 95,000 miles by rail and given 1,000 concerts". However, he was forced to leave the | 22,735 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
United States later that year because of a scandalous affair with a student at the Oakland Female Seminary in Oakland, California. He never returned to the United States.
Gottschalk chose to travel to South America, where he continued to give frequent concerts. During one of these concerts, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on November 24, 1869, he collapsed from having contracted yellow fever. Just before his collapse, he had finished playing his romantic piece "Morte!" (translated from Brazilian Portuguese as "Death"), although the actual collapse occurred just as he started to play his celebrated piece "Tremolo". Gottschalk never recovered from the collapse.
Three weeks later, on December 18, | 22,736 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
1869, at the age of 40, he died at his hotel in Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, probably from an overdose of quinine. (According to an essay by Jeremy Nicholas for the booklet accompanying the recording "Gottschalk Piano Music" performed by Philip Martin on the Hyperion label, "He died ... of empyema, the result of a ruptured abscess in the abdomen.")
In 1870, his remains were returned to the United States and were interred at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. His burial spot was originally marked by a magnificent marble monument, topped by an "Angel of Music" statue, which was irreparably damaged by vandals in 1959. In October 2012, after nearly fifteen years of fund raising by the Green-Wood | 22,737 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
Cemetery, a new "Angel of Music" statue, created by sculptors Giancarlo Biagi and Jill Burkee to replace the damaged one, was unveiled.
# Works.
Gottschalk's music was very popular during his lifetime and his earliest compositions created a sensation in Europe. Early pieces like "Bamboula," "La Savane," "Le Bananier" and "Le Mancenillier" were based on Gottschalk's memories of the music he heard during his youth in Louisiana. In this context, some of Gottschalk's work, such as the 13-minute opera "Escenas campestres", retains a wonderfully innocent sweetness and charm. Gottschalk also utilized the "Bamboula" theme as a melody in his Symphony No. 1: "A Night in the Tropics".
Many of his compositions | 22,738 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
were destroyed after his death, or are lost.
# Recordings.
Various pianists later recorded his piano music. The first important recordings of his orchestral music, including the symphony "A Night in the Tropics", were made for Vanguard Records by Maurice Abravanel and the Utah Symphony Orchestra. Vox Records issued a multi-disc collection of his music, which was later reissued on CD. This included world premiere recordings of the original orchestrations of both symphonies and other works, which were conducted by Igor Buketoff and Samuel Adler. More recently, Philip Martin has recorded most of the extant piano music for Hyperion Records.
# In popular culture.
Author Howard Breslin wrote a | 22,739 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
historical novel about Gottschalk titled "Concert Grand" in 1963.
# See also.
- "Great Galloping Gottschalk"
# References.
## Sources.
- Irving Lowens/S. Frederick Starr: "Louis Moreau Gottschalk", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed June 28, 2007),
# External links.
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk, pianiste itinérant (French dedicated website with scores and audio extracts)
- English Works List on French dedicated site
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk, a dedicated website
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk: Pioneering Pianist/Composer of the Americas (Catalogue of works, links to reference information)
- Adam Kirsch, "Diary of a 'One-Man Grateful Dead'", "The New York Sun", June 7, 2006.
- Free | 22,740 |
269839 | Louis Moreau Gottschalk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Moreau%20Gottschalk | Louis Moreau Gottschalk
eferences.
## Sources.
- Irving Lowens/S. Frederick Starr: "Louis Moreau Gottschalk", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed June 28, 2007),
# External links.
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk, pianiste itinérant (French dedicated website with scores and audio extracts)
- English Works List on French dedicated site
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk, a dedicated website
- Louis Moreau Gottschalk: Pioneering Pianist/Composer of the Americas (Catalogue of works, links to reference information)
- Adam Kirsch, "Diary of a 'One-Man Grateful Dead'", "The New York Sun", June 7, 2006.
- Free scores at the Mutopia Project
## Listening.
- Kunst der Fuge: Louis Moreau Gottschalk – MIDI files (piano works) | 22,741 |
1804745 | Totally Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totally%20Wild | Totally Wild
Totally Wild
Totally Wild is an Australian children's television series. It has been in production since 1992, aired on Network Ten from 12 July 1992 until 30 October 2013, later airing on 10 Peach from 4 November 2013. It has the format of a news program, and does stories on topics such as Australia's native flora and fauna, action sports, the environment, science, and technology. The show is broadcast across many countries and regarded as the benchmark for kids television in Australia.
It currently airs on 10 Peach at 8am Monday, Tuesday and Saturday for new episodes and repeats on Wednesdays at 8.30am.
It is one of Australia's longest running children's programs and Australia's longest | 22,742 |
1804745 | Totally Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totally%20Wild | Totally Wild
running C classified children's program.
On 12 July 2012, "Totally Wild" celebrated 20 years of children's program since 12 July 1992.
"Totally Wild" celebrated its 25th anniversary on air on 22 July 2017. Original presenter Stacey Thomson (known as Ranger Stacey) remains with the program.
# Presenters.
## Current presenters.
- Jesse Baird
- Stacey Thomson (Ranger Stacey)
- Emily Dickson
- Brooke Marsden
- Jack Kelly
## Former presenters.
- Tim Bailey
- Angela Brown
- Emily Barker
- Shae Brewster
- Julie Buchanan
- Hayley Chapman
- Kristine Davis
- Faye De Lanty
- Wesley Dening
- Stacey Hogan
- Linda Kilpatrick
- Sami Lukis
- Alinta Manasserian
- Craig McMahon
- Tim | 22,743 |
1804745 | Totally Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totally%20Wild | Totally Wild
Moore
- Rob Mullins
- Shaun Murphy
- Kylie Smith
- Trudy Smith
- Melanie Symons
- Dr. Katrina Warren
- Jack Yabsley
- Leela Varghese
- Natalie Hunter
- Scott Bidmead
- Arika Crotty
# Series overview.
## Specials.
- "Totally Wild Weekend" (1993)
- "Totally Australia" (1997)
- "Totally Wild Rescue" (1998)
- "Totally Wild: Antarctica Special" (2007)
# Broadcast History.
- On 12 July 1992 – 1996, the show aired on weekdays at 4.30pm (and on the occasional weekend morning slot at various times).
- In 1996 – December 2008, the show aired on Monday to Wednesday and Occasionally on Friday at 4pm (and on the occasional weekend morning slot at various times).
- On 6 January 2009 – | 22,744 |
1804745 | Totally Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totally%20Wild | Totally Wild
1 January 2010, it aired on Tuesday to Fridays at 7.30am, Saturdays at 9am, and on Sundays at 7am.
- On 4 January 2010 - 26 February 2012, it aired on Monday to Wednesday and on Fridays at 8am, and on Sundays at 7.00am.
- On 27 February 2012 – 30 October 2013, it aired on Monday to Wednesday at 4pm repeats at 7am, Saturdays at 8.30am and a double episode on Sundays at 7.00am.
- On 4 November 2013 – present, it airs on Monday to Wednesday at 8am on 10 Peach "(formerly Eleven)" due to launch of Wake Up and Studio 10 and repeats Saturdays at 8.30am.
# See also.
- List of longest-running Australian television series
- List of Australian television series
# External links.
- Official Website
- | 22,745 |
1804745 | Totally Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totally%20Wild | Totally Wild
Saturdays at 9am, and on Sundays at 7am.
- On 4 January 2010 - 26 February 2012, it aired on Monday to Wednesday and on Fridays at 8am, and on Sundays at 7.00am.
- On 27 February 2012 – 30 October 2013, it aired on Monday to Wednesday at 4pm repeats at 7am, Saturdays at 8.30am and a double episode on Sundays at 7.00am.
- On 4 November 2013 – present, it airs on Monday to Wednesday at 8am on 10 Peach "(formerly Eleven)" due to launch of Wake Up and Studio 10 and repeats Saturdays at 8.30am.
# See also.
- List of longest-running Australian television series
- List of Australian television series
# External links.
- Official Website
- Totally Wild at the National Film and Sound Archive | 22,746 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
Distributed version control
In software development, distributed version control (also known as distributed revision control) is a form of version control in which the complete codebase, including its full history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. This enables automatic management branching and merging, speeds up of most operations (except pushing and pulling), improves the ability to work offline, and does not rely on a single location for backups.
In 2010, software development author Joel Spolsky described distributed version control systems as "possibly the biggest advance in software development technology in the [past] ten years".
# Distributed vs. centralized.
Distributed | 22,747 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
version control systems (DVCS) takes a peer-to-peer approach to version control, as opposed to the client–server approach of centralized systems. Distributed revision control synchronizes repositories by exchanging patches from peer to peer. There is no single central version of the codebase; instead, each user has a working copy and the full change history.
Advantages of DVCS (compared with centralized systems) include:
- Allows users to work productively when not connected to a network.
- Common operations (such as commits, viewing history, and reverting changes) are faster for DVCS, because there is no need to communicate with a central server. With DVCS, communication is only necessary | 22,748 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
when sharing changes among other peers.
- Allows private work, so users can use their changes even for early drafts they do not want to publish.
- Working copies effectively function as remote backups, which avoids relying on one physical machine as a single point of failure.
- Allows various development models to be used, such as using development branches or a Commander/Lieutenant model.
- Permits centralized control of the "release version" of the project
- On FOSS software projects it is much easier to create a project fork from a project that is stalled because of leadership conflicts or design disagreements.
Disadvantages of DVCS (compared with centralized systems) include:
- Initial | 22,749 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
checkout of a repository is slower as compared to checkout in a centralized version control system, because all branches and revision history are copied to the local machine by default.
- The lack of locking mechanisms that is part of most centralized VCS and still plays an important role when it comes to non-mergeable binary files such as graphic assets or too complex single file binary or XML packages (e.g. office documents, PowerBI files, SQL Server Data Tools BI packages, ...) .
- Additional storage required for every user to have a complete copy of the complete codebase history.
- Increased exposure of the code base since every participant has a locally vulnerable copy.
Some originally | 22,750 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
centralized systems now offer some distributed features. For example, Subversion is able to do many operations with no network. Team Foundation Server and Visual Studio Team Services now host centralized and distributed version control repositories via hosting Git.
# Work model.
The distributed model is generally better suited for large projects with partly independent developers, such as the Linux kernel project, because developers can work independently and submit their changes for merge (or rejection). The distributed model flexibly allows adopting custom source code contribution workflows. The integrator workflow is the most widely used. In the centralized model, developers must serialize | 22,751 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
their work, to avoid problems with different versions.
## Central and branch repositories.
Every project has a central repository that is considered as the official repository, which is managed by the project maintainers. Developers clone this repository to create identical local copies of the code base. Source code changes in the central repository are periodically synchronized with the local repository.
The developer creates a new branch in his local repository and modifies source code on that branch. Once the development is done, the change needs to be integrated into the central repository.
## Pull requests.
Contributions to a source code repository that uses a distributed version control | 22,752 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
system are commonly made by means of a pull request, also known as a merge request. The contributor requests that the project maintainer "pull" the source code change, hence the name "pull request". The maintainer has to "merge" the pull request if the contribution should become part of the source base.
The developer creates a pull request to notify maintainers of a new change; a comment thread is associated with each pull request. This allows for focused discussion of code changes. Submitted pull requests are visible to anyone with repository access. A pull request can be accepted or rejected by maintainers.
Once the pull request is reviewed and approved, it is merged into the repository. | 22,753 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
Depending on the established workflow, the code may need to be tested before being included into official release. Therefore, some projects contain a special branch for merging untested pull requests. Other projects run an automated test suite on every pull request, using a continuous integration tool such as Travis CI, and the reviewer checks that any new code has appropriate test coverage.
# History.
BitKeeper was used in the development of the Linux kernel from 2002 to 2005. The development of Git, now the world's most popular version control system, was prompted by the decision of the company that made BitKeeper to rescind the free license that Linus Torvalds and some other Linux kernel | 22,754 |
1804746 | Distributed version control | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distributed%20version%20control | Distributed version control
the decision of the company that made BitKeeper to rescind the free license that Linus Torvalds and some other Linux kernel developers had previously taken advantage of.
Prior to Git, the first open-source DVCS systems included Arch, Monotone, and Darcs. However, open source DVCSs were never very popular until the release of Git and Mercurial.
# External links.
- Essay on various revision control systems, especially the section "Centralized vs. Decentralized SCM"
- Introduction to distributed version control systems - IBM Developer Works article
- Git Interview Questions - Online Interview questions
- 60+ Best GIT Interview Questions To Hire Or Get Hired With - Git Interview questions | 22,755 |
1804749 | Etelka Barsi-Pataky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etelka%20Barsi-Pataky | Etelka Barsi-Pataky
Etelka Barsi-Pataky
Etelka Barsi-Pataky (15 September 1941, Budapest – 4 February 2018) was a Hungarian politician. From 2004 to 2009, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with Fidesz, part of the European People's Party. She sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism.
Barsi-Pataky was a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and
a member of the Delegation for relations with South Africa.
# Education.
- 1964: Budapest University of Technology, engineer's certificate
- 1980: town planning engineer's certificate
# Career.
- 2010–2011 Government Commissioner for the EU Danube Strategy
- 2009–2017 President of the Hungarian Chamber | 22,756 |
1804749 | Etelka Barsi-Pataky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etelka%20Barsi-Pataky | Etelka Barsi-Pataky
of Engineers
- 2004–2009: Member of the European Parliament
- 2000–2003: Ambassador to Austria
- 1994–1998: Member of the Hungarian Parliament
- 1992–1994: Titular Undersecretary of State, Ministry of Economic Affairs
- High Commissioner for the Hungarian Expo
- 1992–1994: Chairman of the Council for the Hungarian Expo
- 1990–1994: Councillor, Budapest City Council
- 1965–1990: Project engineer
- Research fellow
- 1991: Principal Private Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Water Management
- 1990–1992: leader, MDF party group on the Council
- 1990–1992: Chairman of the Urban Development Committee, Budapest City Council
- 1990–1991: Vice-Chairman of the Hungarian | 22,757 |
1804749 | Etelka Barsi-Pataky | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etelka%20Barsi-Pataky | Etelka Barsi-Pataky
cretary of State, Ministry of Economic Affairs
- High Commissioner for the Hungarian Expo
- 1992–1994: Chairman of the Council for the Hungarian Expo
- 1990–1994: Councillor, Budapest City Council
- 1965–1990: Project engineer
- Research fellow
- 1991: Principal Private Secretary, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Water Management
- 1990–1992: leader, MDF party group on the Council
- 1990–1992: Chairman of the Urban Development Committee, Budapest City Council
- 1990–1991: Vice-Chairman of the Hungarian Chamber of Engineers
# Decorations.
- Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria in Silver with Sash
"See also:" 2004 European Parliament election in Hungary | 22,758 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
James Hetfield
James Alan Hetfield (born August 3, 1963) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter known for being the co-founder, lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and main songwriter for the American heavy metal band Metallica. Hetfield is mainly known for his intricate rhythm playing, but occasionally performs lead guitar duties and solos, both live and in the studio. Hetfield co-founded Metallica in October 1981 after answering a classified advertisement by drummer Lars Ulrich in the Los Angeles newspaper "The Recycler". Metallica has won nine Grammy Awards and released ten studio albums, three live albums, four extended plays and 24 singles.
In 2009, Hetfield was ranked at no. 8 in | 22,759 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Joel McIver's book "The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists", and ranked at no. 24 by "Hit Parader" on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. In "Guitar World's" poll, Hetfield was placed as the 19th greatest guitarist of all time, as well as being placed second (along with Metallica lead guitarist Kirk Hammett) in "The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists" poll of the same magazine. "Rolling Stone" placed Hetfield as the 87th greatest guitarist of all time.
# Early life.
Hetfield was born on August 3, 1963 in Downey, California, the son of Cynthia Bassett ("née" Nourse), a light opera singer, and Virgil Lee Hetfield, a truck driver. He is of English, German, Irish, and Scottish descent. | 22,760 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
He has two older half-brothers from his mother's first marriage and one younger sister. His parents divorced in 1976 when Hetfield was 13. They were very strict Christian Scientists, and in accordance with their beliefs, they strongly disapproved of medicine or any other medical treatment and remained loyal to their faith, even as Cynthia was dying from cancer. This upbringing became the inspiration for many of Hetfield's lyrics during his career with Metallica, most notably in the songs "Dyers Eve" and "The God That Failed" from "...And Justice for All" and The Black Album respectively. Cynthia died of cancer in 1979 when Hetfield was 16 years old. After the death of his mother, Hetfield went | 22,761 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
to live with his older half-brother David. Virgil died in late 1996, during Metallica's "Load" tour. Hetfield attended Downey High School for his freshman and sophomore years and graduated from Brea Olinda High School in 1981.
Hetfield was nine years old when he first began piano lessons, after which he took on his half-brother David's drums and finally, at the age of 14, he began to play guitar with Robert Okner. He was also in a few bands as a teenager – one being Leather Charm and another, Obsession. Hetfield identifies Aerosmith as having been his main musical influence as a child, and has said they were the reason he wanted to play guitar.
# Career.
In the early days of the band, Metallica | 22,762 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
experimented with a few different vocals and guitar combinations, essentially creating a setup similar to that of British metal band Diamond Head, another major influence on Hetfield. Some of the options considered included adding another guitar player, having John Roads play lead guitar, as well as asking John Bush from Armored Saint (who later joined Anthrax) to sing for the band. The finalized line-up of the band became Hetfield (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Lars Ulrich (drums), Dave Mustaine (lead guitar), and Ron McGovney (bass) who was soon replaced by Cliff Burton. Hetfield referred to their early sound as power metal. The term "thrash metal" was first used when "Kerrang" journalist | 22,763 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Malcolm Dome described the Anthrax song "Metal Thrashing Mad" in an issue of "Kerrang" in February 1984.
From 1982 to 1983, Mustaine's overly aggressive behavior and drinking problems led to mounting tensions between himself and Hetfield. Mustaine also once poured beer onto McGovney's bass nearly causing serious damage. On April 1, 1983, the band recruited lead guitarist Kirk Hammett from the band Exodus, and 10 days later, Hetfield and Ulrich officially fired Mustaine from the band due to his erratic indifference. Mustaine was sent home on a 4-day bus journey, and went on to form the heavy metal band Megadeth.
Until the mid-1990s, Hetfield recorded all rhythm tracks and most harmony tracks. | 22,764 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Since the recording of "Load", Hammett has been recording rhythm guitars as well. Hetfield occasionally plays guitar solos on songs such as "Nothing Else Matters", "My Friend of Misery", "Just a Bullet Away", the outro solo on "The Outlaw Torn", the second solo on "To Live Is to Die", the first solo on "Suicide and Redemption", the first interlude solo on "Master of Puppets", the harmonized solo on "Orion" and the introduction for "The Day That Never Comes". He also writes the majority of the guitar harmonies, as well as writing the lyrics, vocal melodies, and co-arranging the songs with Ulrich.
Hetfield has been involved in a number of onstage accidents, most notable for being an incident | 22,765 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
with pyrotechnics at Olympic Stadium in Montreal during the Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour on August 8, 1992. Hetfield was the victim of a pyrotechnics accident during the song "Fade to Black", in which a pyrotechnic charge reacted. Hetfield's guitar protected him from the full force of the blast; however, the reaction struck his left side, burning his hand, arm, eyebrows, face and hair. He suffered second and third-degree burns, but was back on stage 17 days later, although his guitar duties were delegated to former guitar tech and Metal Church guitarist John Marshall for four weeks while he made a full recovery.
Hetfield also suffered a broken arm a number of times while skateboarding, | 22,766 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
which prevented him from playing guitar on stage, and subsequently caused Hetfield's management company, "Q Prime", to put a clause in Hetfield's contract, forbidding him to ride a skateboard while Metallica was touring. During a live performance on tour for "Metallica", Hetfield experienced complications with his vocals after performing a cover of the Anti-Nowhere League song "So What?", forcing him to take vocal lessons for the first time. He did basic warm-up exercises to piano keys with his vocal coach, who also gave him a cassette tape of the piano warm-up for future use. Hetfield still uses the same cassette he was given in the early 1990's to this day before any live performance or any | 22,767 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
recording Metallica does. Hetfield talks about his vocal training endeavors in the Metallica documentary film, "Some Kind of Monster" produced and directed by Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky.
During the recording of the band's eighth studio album "St. Anger" in 2001, Hetfield went into rehab to address his alcohol usage. He rejoined the band after seven months in rehab and four months recovering with his family. He is now clean and sober, and is determined to remain so, all of which is featured in "Some Kind of Monster". "Some Kind of Monster" also shows the making of the "St. Anger" album, and documents the various conflicts and issues the band were facing at the time including the departure | 22,768 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
of Jason Newsted, alcoholism, family commitments, and the future of the band with many in the rock press questioning whether the band would even still be together to see the completion of the "St. Anger" album.
Hetfield and Metallica addressed their need for a new bassist by recruiting Robert Trujillo, who formerly served under the wing of Ozzy Osbourne. It was more of a swap since Ozzy Osbourne surprisingly recruited Jason Newsted shortly after Trujillo's transfer. The new line-up has continued to make music and tour worldwide. Metallica's ninth studio album, "Death Magnetic", was released on September 12, 2008. Like "St. Anger" and every album of original material released by Metallica since | 22,769 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
1991's "Metallica", "Death Magnetic" went to #1 on the Billboard charts in over 30 countries during its first week of release.
On April 4, 2009, Hetfield, along with remaining Metallica members Ulrich, Hammett, Trujillo, as well as former bassist Newsted, and the deceased Cliff Burton (who was represented by his father), were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In an interview after their nomination, Hetfield commented that everyone who had appeared on an album with the band would be inducted. This excluded original guitarist Dave Mustaine and original bassist Ron McGovney, as both had appeared only on the band's early demo tapes. Hetfield and the rest of Metallica, including Newsted, | 22,770 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
performed "Master of Puppets" and "Enter Sandman" to end the ceremony.
# Personal life.
Hetfield married Francesca Tomasi on August 17, 1997, and together they have three children. He currently resides in Vail, Colorado, citing a "multitude of reasons" for moving there, including it being his wife's childhood hometown, the natural beauty, and the quiet environment.
During an interview on NPR's "Fresh Air", Hetfield stated that his wife had helped him to mature and learn to deal with his anger issues more constructively, explaining that after they met, his destructive tendencies embarrassed both of them. He is also sober and has been undergoing a rehab program since 2002 (documented in the | 22,771 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
film "Some Kind of Monster"), maintaining total abstinence from alcohol. In a 2010 interview with "So What!", the official magazine of Metallica's fan club, Hetfield stated that he is a "reborn straight edge".
Hetfield enjoys a variety of activities, most notably hunting; farming and beekeeping; customizing cars and motorcycles in his garage; watching the Oakland Raiders, the San Francisco Giants, and the San Jose Sharks; and going to hot rod shows. He put his 1968 Chevrolet Camaro up for sale on eBay, with the proceeds going to a Music for Schools program. The car was used in the video for "I Disappear" and was given to him as a gift upon the video's completion. Years later, Hetfield donated | 22,772 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
the car to the Hard Rock Cafe which is featured in the movie "Hard Rock Treasures". "Slowburn", his 1936 Auburn boat tail speedster, won the 2010 Goodguys West Coast Custom of the Year.
Hetfield has a number of tattoos, including one which shows flames encasing four playing cards – ace (1), 9, 6, and 3 – representing the year of his birth, and the words "Carpe Diem" ("seize the day"). The flames on the tattoo are in reference to the pyrotechnic accident which he suffered in 1992 during a concert in Montreal. He has tattooed an "M" on his right hand for "Metallica", and an "F" on his left hand for "Francesca". He also has some Christian tattoos, including crosses and one of Jesus on his right | 22,773 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
arm. He has a tattoo of two razors forming the straight edge X symbol on his left wrist.
The first single Hetfield ever bought was "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd. He was featured in a documentary, called "Absent", directed by Justin Hunt, which takes a look at the effects of absent fathers on their children and the "father wound" that they leave behind.
Hetfield has expressed his disdain for politics and celebrities who "soapbox their opinions", stating that "for us, people are people – you should all have your own opinion". In 2007, Metallica performed at London's Live Earth concert. When Hetfield was asked for his thoughts on climate change, he responded by saying:
In 2008, he made | 22,774 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
comments which were perceived as endorsing the use of his music at Guantánamo Bay to torture prisoners. British band Chumbawamba subsequently released a song called "Torturing James Hetfield", as a direct response.
# Equipment.
## Guitars.
Hetfield has been a major endorser of ESP Guitars since the 1980s, and is best known for playing custom-made Explorer-style guitars with an EMG 81/EMG 60 set for pickups. Hetfield's main guitar from the early days was a Flying V copy made in Japan by Electra, which was modified with a Seymour Duncan Invader (SH-8) pickup and used almost exclusively until 1984 when he switched to the Gibson Explorer model.
During the mid-1990s, ESP produced the first of | 22,775 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
his signature model guitars. To date, Hetfield has had six signature guitars with the company. However, Hetfield often uses guitars from Gibson and other companies instead of ESP despite his endorsement.
Some of Hetfield's current tour guitars are:
- ESP Truckster signature models in grey and black finishes
- ESP "Iron Cross" – Has the Eclipse body shape; distressed black with gold hardware, with a gold racing stripe and a gold Iron Cross on the body. It is based on the design of his 1970s Gibson Les Paul Custom.
- ESP EXplorer – distressed black finish with white pickguard
- ESP EXplorer – silver diamond plate
- ESP EXplorer – black diamond plate
- ESP EXplorer "Papa Het" – with a white | 22,776 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
finish and some drawings by Dirty Donny
- ESP EXplorer – black diamond plate with deer antler inlay
- ESP Flying V – white finish (replica of his old Flying-V copy)
- ESP LTD "The Grynch" – signature guitar, black with green flames on both the front and back of the body and neck, used for the song "Frantic".
- ESP "Snakebyte" – custom guitars in black and white finishes; feature a custom body and headstock designed by Hetfield. The retail model was revealed to the public at the 2011 Winter NAMM show.
- Gibson Explorer – silverburst with white pickguard
- Gibson Explorer "Rusty" – black satin with tarnished metal pickguard
- Gibson Flying V – sunburst
- Gibson Flying V – silverburst
- | 22,777 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Gibson Flying V – white, chrome pickups
- Gibson Les Paul Custom 1970s-era Les Paul with distressed black finish, gold stripe and gold iron cross on body; referred to as "Uncle Milty" and was the inspiration for his ESP Iron Cross signature model
- Gibson Les Paul Custom – purple satin finish
- Gibson Les Paul Custom – natural finish with drawing on body that says "Cliff Burton RIP"
- James Trussart metal Explorer
- James Trussart Steel DeVille – Les Paul-shaped guitar with a perforated, rusted steel front
- Ken Lawrence Explorer – The first of three custom made Explorer-type guitars made by Northern Californian luthier Ken Lawrence. It features a mahogany body with a chechen bark laminate | 22,778 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
top, modified Ken Lawrence headstock and custom "Tribal Hunting Scene" inlays.
- Ken Lawrence Explorer – It features a mahogany body with a quilted bubinga top, modified Ken Lawrence headstock, chechen rear cover plate and custom "Sun-Ray" inlays.
- "'The Carl Ken Lawrence Explorer" - better known as Carl (as in reference to Carlson Boulevard in California) to the band. The garage that the band wrote Master of Puppets and Ride the Lightning in was torn down and some left over wood from the garage was available so Ken Lawrence turned the remains of the garage into a guitar for Hetfield.
- Line 6 Variax Acoustic 700 – used live for songs featuring acoustic guitars, such as "Fade to Black" and | 22,779 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
"The Unforgiven".
- "Dave of England custom aluminium engraved tattoo finish" – a Zemaitis guitar with an engraved metal top
- Fender Telecaster – with B-Bender in butterscotch finish
Other guitars owned/previously used by Hetfield include:
- 1984 Gibson Explorer#1 – white finish with "MORE BEER" written on white tape in the bottom left corner, the stock pickups were swapped for EMG 81/EMG 81 set
- 1984 Gibson Explorer#2 – white finish with "So What" written in the bottom left corner, the stock pickups were swapped for EMG 81/EMG 81 set
- ESP Explorer – black finish with EMG pickups, used as a warm-up guitar in the early 1990s
- Several Gibson Les Paul models – including Standard models | 22,780 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
in black, cherry sunburst, and lemon burst finishes
- Gibson EDS-1275 – red finish
- 1963 Gibson SG – red finish with Gibson Vibrola vibrato system
- Gibson Moderne – black finish, gold hardware
- Gibson Firebird – seen in practice
- ESP EXplorer#1 – Hetfield's first ESP guitar: white finish, "EET FUK" on the body, "middle finger" inlays. The headstock broke many times and the guitar was eventually retired from live use, it has been seen in use on the recording of the new album during the making of "Suicide and Redemption"
- ESP EXplorer#2 – Hetfield's second ESP guitar: white finish, occasionally used live but Hetfield retired it for studio use
- Numerous other ESP EXplorer models – | 22,781 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
including models with black finishes and custom inlays (including the "man-to-wolf" inlays model and eagle inlay model); a double-neck model; a model with a custom "Burnt Elk Skull" finish; and a model with a black finish and EMG pickups in an H/S/S configuration.
- ESP JH1 Flying V – signature guitar with flames over a black finish
- ESP Flying V with green flames (similar to the JH1)
- ESP Eclipse JH3 – Eclipse with black finish, with white "hot rod" pinstripe design, gold hardware, and checkered flag inlays
- ESP Eclipse – "kustom kulture" graphic finish with iron cross inlays
- Other ESPs include: a Viper with custom artwork, several Eclipses and F-series models (including 7-strings | 22,782 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
in standard and 6-strings in drop-C tuning)
- ESP Horizon Double-neck – Used while touring for the "Black Album". Was possibly used after his ESP Explorer Double-neck was damaged in a pyrotechnic accident
- Ken Lawrence Doubleneck Explorer
- Ken Lawrence Dragon Les Paul
- Zemaitis GZ Series GZV500MF-MBK – V-shaped guitar that has an engraved metal plate on the front of the body. Recently used by Hetfield on the World Magnetic Tour.
- Fender Stratocaster – modified with natural finish, gold hardware and EMG pickups
- Jackson King V – white finish with chrome hardware, used during the Damage, Inc. Tour.
- White Flying V copy – This guitar is not a Gibson Flying V, but a Japanese copy made | 22,783 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
by Electra which Hetfield purchased for $200. It was retired after the neck broke twice and the guitar started to go out of tune easily. The stock bridge pickup was later replaced with Seymour Duncan Invader. Recently Hetfield had ESP make an exact copy of it even down to the bolt on neck. The pickups were swapped for EMG 81/60, knobs were replaced with Gibson style black speed knobs, pickup selector has been moved up and stock machineheads were replaced with Shaller machineheads. This guitar has been seen during the making of "'Death Magnetic" during the making of "The Judas Kiss".
## Amplifiers and cabinets.
Throughout Metallica's career, Hetfield has used a wide range of different amplifiers. | 22,784 |
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For the first two albums, he used Marshall heads and cabinets, with occasional effects. The specific Marshall that he used for "Kill 'Em All" was stolen after a concert prior to the recording of "Ride the Lightning"; Hetfield was extremely upset by the theft, as his mother had helped him purchase the amplifier before her death. In 1985, for the recording of "Master of Puppets", he and Kirk Hammett each bought a Mesa/Boogie Mark IIC+ amplifier (the preamp sections of which were connected to Marshall power amplifiers), and since then he has mostly used Mesa/Boogies, including the Triaxis and Rectifier models. Around the time of "St. Anger", Hetfield began using the Diezel VH4 head. The majority | 22,785 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
of his clean tones come from a Roland JC-120 Jazz Chorus Guitar Amplifier, although many different amplifiers have been used over the years.
In December 2011, it was announced by Fortin Amps that they would team up with Randall Amplifiers to start a new line of tube amplifiers based on the Fortin Meathead amplifier. Kirk Hammett currently has two prototypes, and Hetfield will eventually be receiving one.
The amplifiers currently used on tour by Hetfield are:
- Mesa/Boogie TriAxis preamp (x4)
- Mesa/Boogie Simul-Class 2:90 power amp (x2)
- Mesa/Boogie Triple Rectifier heads
- Diezel VH4 heads
- Mesa/Boogie 4x12 cabinets with Celestion V30 speakers in isolation cabinets
- Roland JC-120 | 22,786 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
combo amplifiers
## Effects.
To avoid problems with pedals being damaged during live performances, Hetfield keeps his effect pedals in a rack along with his amplifiers and his guitar technician controls them through a pedalboard sidestage. The pedal controller allows him to change between different effect pedals and amplifiers.
Hetfield's live rig in 2008 included:
- TC Electronic G-Major
- Line 6 DM4
- Mesa/Boogie Custom Graphic EQ
- MXR Phase 100
- ATI NanoAmp SUM 100
- Klon Centaur
- Boss NS-2 Noise Suppressor
- Voodoo Lab Ground Control Pro
- Voodoo Lab GCX Audio Switcher (x2)
- Voodoo Lab Pedal Power 2 Plus
- DBX 1074 Quad Gate
- Behringer Multigate Pro
In 2010, a Line 6 | 22,787 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
effects unit was added to the list, along with the TC Electronic unit, perhaps indicating that this had replaced his stompboxes.
## Accessories.
- Ernie Ball Power Slinky strings (.11 –.48)
- Dunlop James Hetfield Black Fang 1.14mm picks
- 3" Levy's Straps
- Peterson Strobe 420 Tuner
- EMG JH Het Set
- Shure UR-4D Wireless Equipment
- Furman AR Pro Power Conditioner
In addition, Hetfield uses Shure Super 55 microphones for vocals.
# Guest appearances.
- Hetfield sang "Stone Cold Crazy" at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, accompanied by the remaining members of Queen and Tony Iommi on rhythm guitar.
- He provided backing vocals on "Man or Ash" on the Corrosion of Conformity album | 22,788 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
"Wiseblood".
- He sang backing vocals on "Twist of Cain" and "Possession" on Danzig's debut album, "Danzig".
- He played guitar on "Eclectic Electric" from the Primus album "Antipop".
- Though previously believed to have been sung by Trey Parker, the song "Hell Isn't Good" from the film "" was actually sung by Hetfield. He admitted to doing so in 2000, confirming what many Hetfield fans had already recognized as his trademark growling style.The Playboy Interview: Metallica (April 2001).
- Hetfield sang on the Gov't Mule song "Drivin' Rain" with fellow guest Les Claypool, which appears on the compilation album "Crank It Up with NASCAR".
- He also performed at the Outlaws Concert in 2004, | 22,789 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
alongside Hank Williams Jr., Cowboy Troy, Big & Rich, Gretchen Wilson, and Kid Rock. Hetfield played one of close friend Waylon Jennings's songs, "Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand," the very same he recorded on the tribute album to Jennings, "I've Always Been Crazy". At this same event, he performed Metallica's "Mama Said" with Jesse Colter, the widow of Waylon Jennings, though this was cut from the television broadcast.
- Hetfield, as well as Metallica's lead guitarist Kirk Hammett, voiced characters in a number of episodes of the Adult Swim cartoon "Metalocalypse".
- Hetfield, along with Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich, voiced a pair of teenage dragons in an episode of | 22,790 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Disney's "Dave the Barbarian", entitled "Here There Be Dragons".
- He also appeared as a guest in an episode of "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" entitled "Jacksonville" alongside Hammett.
- Hetfield, along with the current Metallica lineup, appeared on an episode of Discovery's "Time Warp", aptly titled "Metallica."
- Hetfield appeared on an episode the MTV show, "Celebrity Deathmatch" in which he killed Limp Bizkit vocalist, Fred Durst, but he and ref Mills Lane disappeared after Mankind jumped from the top of the roof and onto the ring and then it collapsed.
- A photo of Hetfield appeared on Rammstein's music video Haifisch, and was apparently "picked" to be the replacement for the "dead" | 22,791 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
Till Lindemann (only a video set and was not official despite him actually still alive as seen later in the clip).
- Hetfield and Metallica also appeared in a Simpson's episode, "The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer".
- Hetfield appeared onstage with Alice in Chains on June 2, 2006 at Rock Am Ring, singing deceased lead vocalist Layne Staley's vocal parts on the song "Would?". Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell has also joined Metallica in concert, performing "Nothing Else Matters". He again appeared with Alice in Chains to perform "Would?" when they played at The Warfield in San Francisco on November 26, 2006.
- Hetfield and filmmaker Justin Hunt were interviewed about the documentary | 22,792 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
"Absent", which was directed by Hunt and features Hetfield and takes a look at the effects of absent fathers on their children, on Fox News Channel's "Fox and Friends" program on March 30, 2011.
- Hetfield is a playable character in "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater HD".
- Hetfield appeared on the 2012 CMT Artists of the Year Awards Show to congratulate his friend, Eric Church on being named one of the Artists of the Year.
- On November 17, 2000, James Hetfield was at a Misfits concert accompanied by his body guard at Maritime Hall in San Francisco, where he eventually got up on the stage and sang "Last Caress", then "Die, Die My Darling" whilst being accompanied by the band.
- On February 1, 2016, | 22,793 |
269826 | James Hetfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Hetfield | James Hetfield
then "Die, Die My Darling" whilst being accompanied by the band.
- On February 1, 2016, James Hetfield appeared in the American Dad! episode "The Life Aquatic with Steve Smith" as a water polo coach, constantly denying that he was "The" James Hetfield".
- James performed guest vocals on the Heart song "Beautiful Broken" from their album of the same name which was released on July 8, 2016.
- Hetfield is the voice of Wolfgang from the animated "Skylanders Academy" series.
- Hetfield appeared as Officer Bob Hayward in the 2019 Ted Bundy biopic "Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile".
# External links.
- NPR Interview With Metallica Guitarist and Vocalist James Hetfield (2004, audio) | 22,794 |
1804761 | Wivelsfield railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wivelsfield%20railway%20station | Wivelsfield railway station
Wivelsfield railway station
Wivelsfield railway station is a railway station on the Brighton Main Line in West Sussex, England. Located in northern Burgess Hill, it primarily serves the town's neighbourhoods of World's End and Sheddingdean. The station is down the line from via . It is situated between and stations on the main line, and between Haywards Heath and stations on the East Coastway line, which branches off just south of the station at Keymer Junction. The station is managed by Southern which is one of two companies serving Wivelsfield, the other one being Thameslink. Until May 2018, Gatwick Express also served the station with a single early-morning service towards London.
Despite | 22,795 |
1804761 | Wivelsfield railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wivelsfield%20railway%20station | Wivelsfield railway station
its name, the station is not located in Wivelsfield village, which actually lies approximately to the northeast, in the Lewes District of East Sussex.
# History.
The London Brighton and South Coast Railway opened a station called Keymer Junction on the Lewes line, just beyond the junction, towards the end of 1854, although, it appears that some trains may have called at Keymer Crossing from the completion of the junction in 1847. The station was closed on 1 November 1883 to allow for the proposed remodelling of the junction. However, when the railway later sought Parliamentary authority to abandon their planned changes, they were required to provide a replacement station to the north of the | 22,796 |
1804761 | Wivelsfield railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wivelsfield%20railway%20station | Wivelsfield railway station
junction on the present site.
The second Keymer Junction station was opened on 1 August 1886 and retained that name until 1 July 1896 when it was renamed Wivelsfield. Construction of the new station involved widening a narrow, high embankment. Just over two months after it opened, heavy rain caused a landslip which caused a long section of the Up (northbound) platform, and the waiting room building, to collapse and fall down the embankment.
On 23 December 1899, a serious accident happened here, when a red signal was obscured by thick fog. A train from Brighton collided with a boat train from Newhaven Harbour at , and six passengers were killed and twenty seriously injured. The accident resulted | 22,797 |
1804761 | Wivelsfield railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wivelsfield%20railway%20station | Wivelsfield railway station
in improvements made to the signalling at Keymer Junction.
# Access.
There are three entrances at the station. Two of these are located where the railway line passes over Leylands Road (both on the south side of the road, one on each side of the railway), less than 40 metres apart from each other. Both entrances give access to the platforms via the same subway at the northern end of the station; the easternmost of the two entrances also includes the ticket office. The third entrance of the station is located by the station car park on Gordon Road; it is the only entrance with step-free access (via a ramp) but is directly linked only to platform 2. For this reason, just one of the two platforms | 22,798 |
1804761 | Wivelsfield railway station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wivelsfield%20railway%20station | Wivelsfield railway station
is fully wheelchair-accessible.
# Services.
Train services are provided by Southern and Thameslink.
The typical service from the station is:
- 2tph in each direction between and (Thameslink)
- 1tph in each direction between London Victoria and , extended to at peak times (Southern)
On Sundays all London Victoria - Eastbourne trains are extended to Ore.
# Future.
In Autumn 2015 Network Rail released the Sussex Area Route Study, where two options for the proposed grade separation of Keymer Junction are detailed, both of which would transform the station dramatically. Option 1 is the minimal option and creates a new platform 0 on the west side of the station served by a 3rd track from the | 22,799 |
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