wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
presidential election was to support a mainstream candidate capable of winning the presidency. In March 2014 Adelson was set to hold one-on-one chats with possible candidates Jeb Bush, Chris Christie, Scott Walker, and John Kasich during the spring meeting of the Republican Jewish Coalition held at Adel... | 25,100 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
"The Adelson Primary". On May 13, he endorsed Trump for president, and pledged as much as $100 million to support his campaign.
In October 2016 Adelson, whose son died of a drug overdose, donated one million dollars to the campaign against Massachusetts ballot question 4 the Massachusetts Legalization,... | 25,101 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
Trump. In May 2016, explaining his reasons for officially endorsing Donald Trump's presidential bid, Adelson cited the importance of CEO experience in a presidential nominee.
## 2018.
For the 2018 United States elections, Adelson donated approximately $113 million to the Republican Party through vario... | 25,102 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
Trust's largest to date.
# Philanthropy.
Adelson donated over $25 million to The Adelson Educational Campus in Las Vegas to build a high school. In 2006, Adelson contributed $25 million to the Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.
Since 2007, the Adelson Family Foundation h... | 25,103 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
with $7.5 million donated to collaborating researchers at 10 universities.
In a 2016 listing of the top 100 people positively influencing Jewish life, Adelson was described as one of the world's most generous and influential Jewish philanthropists, who 'continues to make outsized gifts to a range of Je... | 25,104 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
to a Tel Aviv physician, Dr. Ariel Ochshorn, with whom she had two daughters. Miriam "Miri" Farbstein was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1946, to parents that fled Poland before the Holocaust and settled in the city of Haifa. After earning a Bachelor of Science in Microbiology and Genetics from the Hebr... | 25,105 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
lifelong work in a 2012 interview with Fortune Magazine, saying that "saving a drug addict is the equivalent of saving about 20 people. Treating one drug addict reduces his criminal activity, reduces his arrests, reduces his appearances in court, reduces his time sitting in prison, reduces his injecting... | 25,106 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
and a mission like that is very much fulfilling."
## Litigation.
A June 2008 profile in "The New Yorker" detailed several controversies involving Adelson. In 2008 Richard Suen, a Hong Kong businessman who had helped Adelson make connections with top Chinese officials in order to obtain the Macau licen... | 25,107 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
in interest, bringing the total judgment against Adelson to $101.6 million. Adelson is appealing again. Adelson faces another trial over claims by three alleged "middlemen" in the deal who are suing for at least $450 million.
In February 2013, the Las Vegas Sands, in a regulatory filing, acknowledged t... | 25,108 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
libel case, which was described as "a grave slur on Mr Adelson's personal integrity and business reputation", and he won a judgment of approximately £4 million, which he said he would donate to London's Royal Marsden Hospital.
In August 2012, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), afte... | 25,109 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
ordering Adelson to pay the NJDC's legal fees.
## Wealth.
In 2007, Adelson's estimated wealth was $26.5 billion, making him the third-richest person in the United States according to Forbes. and $26 billion for 2008.
In 2008, the share prices of the Las Vegas Sands Corp. plunged. In November 2008, La... | 25,110 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
as fear, not to an entrepreneur. Concern, yes. Fear, no." In the "Forbes" 2009 world billionaires list, Adelson's ranking dropped to #178 with a net worth of $3.4 billion, but by 2011, after his business had recovered, he was ranked as the world's 16th-richest man with a net worth of $23.3 billion.
In ... | 25,111 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
jets through Las Vegas Sands. On January 2, 2017, Adelson's Airbus A340-500 jet set a record for the Ben Gurion International Airport by making the longest flight ever leaving the airport by flying nonstop to Honolulu, Hawaii by way of the Arctic Ocean.
# Health.
In 2001, Adelson was diagnosed with pe... | 25,112 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
had "restricted his availability to travel or keep regular office hours” but had not “prevented him from fulfilling his duties as chairman and CEO” of Las Vegas Sands.
# See also.
- List of people and organisations named in the Paradise Papers
# External links.
- Campaign contributions in 2012 to ou... | 25,113 |
1599923 | Sheldon Adelson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheldon%20Adelson | Sheldon Adelson
T" article co-authored by Sheldon G. Adelson, Warren E. Buffett and Bill Gates, July 10, 2014
- "An Interview with Philanthropist Extraordinaire Sheldon Adelson", Marcia Friedman, "The Jewish Press", December 28, 2011
- "Who Is Sheldon Adelson, the Gingrich Super PAC's Billionaire Backer?", Molly Ball... | 25,114 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
Bunnings Warehouse
Bunnings Group, trading as Bunnings Warehouse, is an Australian household hardware chain. The chain has been owned by Wesfarmers since 1994, and has stores in Australia and New Zealand.
Bunnings was founded in Perth, Western Australia in 1887, by two brothers who had emigrated fr... | 25,115 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
around 20 percent in the Australian retail hardware sector, with competing chains including Home Timber & Hardware, Mitre 10 and various independent retailers.
# History.
## Pre 1900s.
In 1886 brothers Arthur and Robert Bunning left London to settle in Perth, Western Australia, and soon gained a g... | 25,116 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
around Western Australia. In 1952, Bunnings Limited became a public company, expanded into retailing and purchased several hardware stores. In 1970, Bunnings bought the merchandising and sawmilling operations of the Hawker Siddeley Group. In 1983, they bought out Millars (WA) Pty Ltd and, in 1990, th... | 25,117 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
trademark slogan "Lowest Prices Are Just The Beginning" was established.
Both are still in use today.
## Store development post-1994.
After the acquisition of Bunnings by Wesfarmers, the first Bunnings Warehouse was opened in the Melbourne suburb of Sunshine by Victorian premier Jeff Kennett and J... | 25,118 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
renamed "Bunnings".
In August 2001, Wesfarmers bought the Howard Smith Group, owner of BBC Hardware, previously Nock & Kirby, and big-box offshoot, Hardwarehouse. This supplemented the Bunnings national network by several dozen stores, many of them large Hardwarehouse stores in Sydney, Brisbane and ... | 25,119 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
share to 13.5%.
Hardwarehouse and BBC Hardware stores retained their branding for a year, while television advertisements were tagged with each of Bunnings Warehouse, Hardwarehouse and BBC Hardware during this transition period. Lower-volume stores were closed and, in 2002, remaining Hardwarehouses ... | 25,120 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
the ACCC allowed the purchases, finding that "the acquisition of the Mitre 10 stores did not significantly alter the level of competition in the relevant market."
Since the development of the Bunnings Warehouse stores, two general operational formats exist: Bunnings and Bunnings Warehouse. The small... | 25,121 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
comprises 167 stores of the network of 280.
# Bunnings Warehouse UK and Ireland.
In February 2016, Bunnings' parent company Wesfarmers bought the United Kingdom-based hardware chain Homebase for £340 million. The chain's 265 stores in the UK and 15 in Ireland were intended to be rebranded with the ... | 25,122 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
the fifth Bunnings store in the UK.
On 25 May 2018, after mounting losses, Wesfarmers sold the UK and Ireland Bunnings/Homebase operation to the turnaround specialist Hilco for the nominal sum of £1. It was reported that the 24 stores already rebranded as "Bunnings" would revert to the "Homebase" na... | 25,123 |
1600068 | Bunnings Warehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunnings%20Warehouse | Bunnings Warehouse
it yourself (DIY) workshops for children in store, as well as for other groups in schools, nursing homes, and hospitals. The Bunnings staff are available to community groups for assistance with DIY projects.
# House brands.
House brands of Bunnings include:
- "Saxon" - gardening and landscaping pr... | 25,124 |
1600086 | Großhöflein | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Großhöflein | Großhöflein
Großhöflein
Großhöflein (, ) is a market town in eastern Austria, in the state of Burgenland.
# People.
- Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha, lived and died here in 1645
# Nearby municipalities.
- Kleinhöflein im Burgenland (now a part of Eisenstadt)
- Müllendorf
- Wulkaprodersdorf
- Steinbrunn
# See a... | 25,125 |
1600119 | Curious George Brigade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curious%20George%20Brigade | Curious George Brigade
Curious George Brigade
The Curious George Brigade (CGB) is an anarchist collective (or, as it styles itself, an "elusive anarchist thinktank") based in Queens, New York. It is a part of the larger CrimethInc. network.
The CGB produced the book "Anarchy in the Age of Dinosaurs", a meditation on ... | 25,126 |
1600119 | Curious George Brigade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curious%20George%20Brigade | Curious George Brigade
along with videos, articles and a zine about urban anarchy.
A CGB member, Elliott "Smokey" Madison, was arrested on September 24, 2009 in Pittsburgh, and had his Jackson Heights, Queens home (the anarchist collective known as Tortuga House) raided by the FBI and the Joint Terrorism Task Force on... | 25,127 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
1992 Stanley Cup Finals
The 1992 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1991–92 season, and the culmination of the 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Prince of Wales Conference and defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins a... | 25,128 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
the first to extend into the month of June. It was the last final for Chicago Stadium as it closed in 1994.
# Paths to the Finals.
Pittsburgh defeated the Washington Capitals 4–3, the New York Rangers 4–2, and the Boston Bruins 4–0.
Chicago had to defeat their three biggest rivals, first the ... | 25,129 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
in the same year. (New York also had this opportunity in 1994, when the Knicks and Rangers made the finals in their respective sport; however, the result was the same, albeit a reversal of Chicago's ending, as the Rangers won their first Stanley Cup since 1940, and the Knicks lost, with both of ... | 25,130 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
round.
# Game summaries.
The Penguins were led by captain Mario Lemieux, coach Scotty Bowman, and goaltender Tom Barrasso. The Blackhawks were led by captain Dirk Graham, head coach Mike Keenan and goaltender Ed Belfour. They also made history in having the first Russian-born player to have a ... | 25,131 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
series was televised in English on the CBC and in French on SRC.
In the United States, this was the last Stanley Cup Finals to air nationally on SportsChannel America. ESPN would pick up the national U.S. contract for the next season.
SportsChannel America's national coverage was blacked out i... | 25,132 |
1600064 | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1992%20Stanley%20Cup%20Finals | 1992 Stanley Cup Finals
evised games one and two while KDKA aired games three and four.
# Team rosters.
Years indicated in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column signify that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.
# Aftermath.
The Penguins won a league record 17-straight games en route to the Pres... | 25,133 |
1600088 | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester%20Railway%20Carriage%20and%20Wagon%20Company | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (GRC&W) was a railway rolling stock manufacturer based at Gloucester, England; from 1860 until 1986. Products included goods wagons, passenger coaches, diesel multiple units, electr... | 25,134 |
1600088 | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester%20Railway%20Carriage%20and%20Wagon%20Company | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
of £10 each. The first General Manager was Isaac Slater.
A works was established in 1860, producing over 300 wagons in the first year. Through the latter part of the 19th century the company manufactured wagons and carriages. In 1887 it was renamed the "Gloucester Railway ... | 25,135 |
1600088 | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester%20Railway%20Carriage%20and%20Wagon%20Company | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
all welded wagons in 1935, as well as manufacturing the bodyshells for GWR railcars. In 1936 the firm won the contract to build a 68 feet long air-conditioned carriage for the Maharajah of Indore to be designed by a German architect and to include a kitchen, servants quarte... | 25,136 |
1600088 | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester%20Railway%20Carriage%20and%20Wagon%20Company | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
wagons was nationalised. Gloucester Foundry was acquired in 1950. After the war until the late 1950s the company manufactured more tube trains for London and the Toronto subway, electric passenger multiple units for Victorian Railways in Australia, diesel multiple units for... | 25,137 |
1600088 | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloucester%20Railway%20Carriage%20and%20Wagon%20Company | Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
wagon in 1968. The company was acquired by Babcock Industrial and Electrical Products in 1986.
Powell Duffryn Rail acquired the remains of the company in 1986, but ceased its operations in 1993-1994.
# People associated with the company.
- James Platt of Fielding & Platt... | 25,138 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
Self-replicating machine
A self-replicating machine is a type of autonomous robot that is capable of reproducing itself autonomously using raw materials found in the environment, thus exhibiting self-replication in a way analogous to that found in nature. The concept of self-replicating machin... | 25,139 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
replicator design space. The future development of such technology is an integral part of several plans involving the mining of moons and asteroid belts for ore and other materials, the creation of lunar factories, and even the construction of solar power satellites in space. The possibly misna... | 25,140 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
in the literature. For example, the term clanking replicator was once used by Drexler to distinguish macroscale replicating systems from the microscopic nanorobots or "assemblers" that nanotechnology may make possible, but the term is informal and is rarely used by others in popular or technica... | 25,141 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
such self-replicating machines.
Historians of machine tools, even before the numerical control era, sometimes figuratively said that machine tools were a unique class of machines because they have the ability to "reproduce themselves" by copying all of their parts. Implicit in these discussion... | 25,142 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
here.
# History.
The general concept of artificial machines capable of producing copies of themselves dates back at least several hundred years. An early reference is an anecdote regarding the philosopher René Descartes, who suggested to Queen Christina of Sweden that the human body could be ... | 25,143 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
after their own kind"". In George Eliot's 1879 book "Impressions of Theophrastus Such", a series of essays that she wrote in the character of a fictional scholar named Theophrastus, the essay "Shadows of the Coming Race" speculated about self-replicating machines, with Theophrastus asking "how ... | 25,144 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
a copy of itself. Scientific study of self-reproducing machines was anticipated by John Bernal as early as 1929 and by mathematicians such as Stephen Kleene who began developing recursion theory in the 1930s. Much of this latter work was motivated by interest in information processing and algor... | 25,145 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
lectures delivered in 1948 and 1949, when he proposed a kinematic self-reproducing automaton model as a thought experiment. Von Neumann's concept of a physical self-replicating machine was dealt with only abstractly, with the hypothetical machine using a "sea" or stockroom of spare parts as its... | 25,146 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
and four mechanical elements used to provide a structural skeleton and mobility. While qualitatively sound, von Neumann was evidently dissatisfied with this model of a self-replicating machine due to the difficulty of analyzing it with mathematical rigor. He went on to instead develop an even m... | 25,147 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
living plants" were proposed as machines able to use air, water and soil as sources of raw materials and to draw its energy from sunlight via a solar battery or a steam engine. He chose the seashore as an initial habitat for such machines, giving them easy access to the chemicals in seawater, a... | 25,148 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
major development of the concept of self-replicating machines was a series of thought experiments proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in his 1970 Vanuxem Lecture. He proposed three large-scale applications of machine replicators. First was to send a self-replicating system to Saturn's moon Ence... | 25,149 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
kit" based on this replicator that could be sold to developing countries to provide them with as much industrial capacity as desired. When Dyson revised and reprinted his lecture in 1979 he added proposals for a modified version of Moore's seagoing artificial living plants that was designed to ... | 25,150 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
was conducted at Santa Clara University and ran from June 23 to August 29, with the final report published in 1982. The proposed system would have been capable of exponentially increasing productive capacity and the design could be modified to build self-replicating probes to explore the galaxy... | 25,151 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
acid leaching. Large transports with a variety of manipulator arms and tools were proposed as the constructors that would put together new factories from parts and assemblies produced by its parent.
Power would be provided by a "canopy" of solar cells supported on pillars. The other machinery ... | 25,152 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
or purified metals. A carbon dioxide laser cutting and welding system was also included.
A more speculative, more complex microchip fabricator was specified to produce the computer and electronic systems, but the designers also said that it might prove practical to ship the chips from Earth as... | 25,153 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
in lunar regolith. The element that most limited the growth rate was chlorine, needed to process regolith for aluminium. Chlorine is very rare in lunar regolith.
## Lackner-Wendt Auxon replicators.
In 1995, inspired by Dyson's 1970 suggestion of seeding uninhabited deserts on Earth with self-... | 25,154 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
but described a novel method for extracting the ten most common chemical elements found in raw desert topsoil (Na, Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Al, C, O and H) using a high-temperature carbothermic process. This proposal was popularized in Discover Magazine, featuring solar-powered desalination equipmen... | 25,155 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
into the physical world. Later developments in rapid prototyping have given the process the ability to produce a wide variety of electronic and mechanical components, making this a rapidly developing frontier in self-replicating system research.
In 1998 Chris Phoenix informally outlined a desi... | 25,156 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
some or most of its own components, making such machines cheap enough for people to buy and use in their homes. The project is releasing its designs and control programs under the GNU GPL. The RepRap approach uses fused deposition modeling to manufacture plastic components, possibly incorporati... | 25,157 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
that support recursion—nearly all of the parts of all of the machines in the factory can be manufactured by the factory.
## NIAC studies on self-replicating systems.
In the spirit of the 1980 "Advanced Automation for Space Missions" study, the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts began severa... | 25,158 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
Tihamer Toth-Fejel (General Dynamics), "Modeling Kinematic Cellular Automata: An Approach to Self-Replication" The study concluded that complexity of the development was equal to that of a Pentium 4, and promoted a design based on cellular automata.
## Bootstrapping Self-Replicating Factories ... | 25,159 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
could become self-sufficient then grow to large size, enabling greater exploration in space as well as providing benefits back to Earth. In 2014, Thomas Kalil of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy published on the White House blog an interview with Metzger on bootstrapping ... | 25,160 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
do not need to launch it from Earth. Peck has said, "...all the mass we need to explore the solar system is already in space. It's just in the wrong shape." In 2016, Metzger argued that fully self-replicating industry can be started over several decades by astronauts at a lunar outpost for a to... | 25,161 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
machine. The machine is composed of a tower of four articulated cubes, known as "molecubes", which can revolve about a triagonal. This enables the tower to function as a robotic arm, collecting nearby molecubes and assembling them into a copy of itself. The arm is directed by a computer program... | 25,162 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
helix) based around three double helix molecules, each made from a short strand of DNA. Treating each group of three double-helices as a code letter, they can (in principle) build up self-replicating structures that encode large quantities of information.
## Self-replication of magnetic polyme... | 25,163 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
by publishing a self-replicating deterministic context-free grammar. Adding to it probabilities, Bertrand du Castel published in 2015 a self-replicating stochastic grammar and presented a mapping of that grammar to neural networks, thereby presenting a model for a self-replicating neural circui... | 25,164 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
Partial construction alters the construction relationship between mother and daughter automatons, such that the mother constructs but a portion of the daughter, and upon initiating this portion of the daughter, thereafter retracts from imparting further influence upon the daughter. Instead, the... | 25,165 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
novel "Berserker" by Fred Saberhagen or the 1950 novellette trilogy "The Voyage of the Space Beagle" by A. E. van Vogt. The first quantitative engineering analysis of a self-replicating spacecraft was published in 1980 by Robert Freitas, in which the non-replicating Project Daedalus design was ... | 25,166 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
each.
# Other references.
- A number of patents have been granted for self-replicating machine concepts. The most directly relevant include "Autogeneric system" Inventor: Davis; Dannie E. (Elmore, AL) (March 1988), "Self reproducing fundamental fabricating machines (F-Units)" Inventor: Collin... | 25,167 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
mentioned briefly in the fourth chapter of K. Eric Drexler's 1986 book "Engines of Creation".
- In 1995, Nick Szabo proposed a challenge to build a macroscale replicator from Lego robot kits and similar basic parts. Szabo wrote that this approach was easier than previous proposals for macrosca... | 25,168 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
3000+ literature references. This book included a new molecular assembler design, a primer on the mathematics of replication, and the first comprehensive analysis of the entire replicator design space.
# Prospects for implementation.
As the use of industrial automation has expanded over time,... | 25,169 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
Butler has pointed out in "Erewhon", replication of partially closed universal machine tool factories is already possible. Since safety is a primary goal of all legislative consideration of regulation of such development, future development efforts may be limited to systems which lack either co... | 25,170 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
error correction, and the possibility of external intervention, the common science fiction scenario of robotic life run amok will remain extremely unlikely for the foreseeable future.
# See also.
- Grey goo scenario
- Self-reconfiguring modular robot
- AI takeover
- 3D printing
- Computer... | 25,171 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
1998.
## Other references.
- Freeman Dyson expanded upon Neumann's automata theories, and advanced a biotechnology-inspired theory. See Astrochicken.
- The first technical design study of a self-replicating interstellar probe was published in a 1980 paper by Robert Freitas
- Clanking replic... | 25,172 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
from Lego(tm) robot kits and similar basic parts. Szabo wrote that this approach was easier than previous proposals for macroscale replicators, but successfully predicted that even this method would not lead to a macroscale replicator within ten years.
- In 1998, Chris Phoenix suggested a gene... | 25,173 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
"Future Evolution".
- In 2004, General Dynamics completed a study for NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts. It concluded that complexity of the development was equal to that of a Pentium 4, and promoted a design based on cellular automata.
- In 2004, Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle publishe... | 25,174 |
1600053 | Self-replicating machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-replicating%20machine | Self-replicating machine
00+ literature references.
- In 2005, Adrian Bowyer of the University of Bath started the RepRap project to develop a rapid prototyping machine that would be able to replicate itself, making such machines cheap enough for people to buy and use in their homes. The project is releasing material ... | 25,175 |
1600139 | Juan-Carlos Cruz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan-Carlos%20Cruz | Juan-Carlos Cruz
Juan-Carlos Cruz
Juan-Carlos Cruz (born 30 January 1962) is a celebrity chef and the former host of "Calorie Commando" and "Weighing In" (formerly titled "Take It Off") on the Food Network. Cruz lost 43 pounds on the Discovery Health Channel show "Discovery Health Body Challenge", which encouraged him... | 25,176 |
1600139 | Juan-Carlos Cruz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan-Carlos%20Cruz | Juan-Carlos Cruz
Winfrey and Julia Roberts. In 2001, he started the website Pastrydude.com. The site is no longer active and the domain was sold at auction.
# Legal issues.
On Thursday, May 13, 2010, he was arrested at Cheviot Hills Park in Los Angeles, for having allegedly solicited three homeless persons at the Thi... | 25,177 |
1600139 | Juan-Carlos Cruz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan-Carlos%20Cruz | Juan-Carlos Cruz
was initially held on $5 million bail; however, the bail was reduced to $2 million at the arraignment.
On Tuesday, October 26, 2010, Cruz entered into a plea agreement pursuant to which he pleaded "no contest" to a charge of soliciting murder, and the charge of attempted murder was dropped. While it w... | 25,178 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
Glen Canyon Park
Glen Canyon Park is a city park in San Francisco, California. It occupies about along a deep canyon adjacent to the Glen Park, Diamond Heights, and Miraloma Park neighborhoods. O'Shaughnessy Hollow is a rugged, undeveloped tract of parkland that lies immediately to the west and may be... | 25,179 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
hawks and great horned owls, striking rock outcrops, and arid patches covered by "coastal scrub" plant communities. In all, about of the park and hollow are designated as undeveloped "Natural Area". Elevations in Glen Canyon Park range from approximately 225 feet (69 m) above sea level at the south end... | 25,180 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
ball fields and tennis courts, playgrounds, and a ropes course. The park is also well used by local rock climbers, who consider it one of the best "bouldering" sites near San Francisco. An additional building about halfway up the canyon near Islais Creek serves the Silver Tree Day Camp and the Glenridg... | 25,181 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
interior from high up, which is simply stunning. It occurs midsection of the park behind Diamond Heights Shopping Center and George Christopher Playground."
# Islais Creek.
A branch of Islais Creek (named after the wild cherry "islay") originates in the canyon. It is the largest remaining creek in Sa... | 25,182 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
the watershed of Islais Creek by as much as 80 percent. At the southern end of the canyon, Islais Creek enters a culvert which carries it to its exit into San Francisco Bay.
# Wildlife.
The creek has a meager but year-round natural flow, and the water and resulting vegetation provide a habitat for an... | 25,183 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
have clearly visible banding (see photo) which is due to the different weathering of the layers.
The bedrock of the canyon is made up of rocks of the Marin Headlands "terrane", which is a large packet of rock that extends diagonally from the Marin Headlands (just north of the Golden Gate), through the... | 25,184 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
location.
The upper slopes and cliffs are of layered chert, which hardened into rock from the ooze of remains of countless radiolarian creatures that accumulated on top of the lava. The ooze was colored red by iron from hydrothermal springs. Both lava and chert were formed in the deep ocean near the e... | 25,185 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
to 80 million years ago - and the subsequent uplift, the terrane was twisted, broken and disrupted, and the chert was deformed into the tight folds now visible in road cuts along O'Shaughnessy Boulevard (see photo).
These rock outcrops provide some of the best outdoor rock climbing in San Francisco, p... | 25,186 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
began production at its first manufacturing plant, under exclusive license from Alfred Nobel to produce his new explosive in America. The plant was apparently located near the present recreation center, at the southern end of the park. The factory did not last long. On November 26, 1869, an explosion c... | 25,187 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
been placed on the site yet.
## The Crocker era.
In 1889, the Crocker Real Estate Company bought the canyon to develop a neighborhood that would attract homebuyers. As Jeanne Alexander has written,
## City park.
The Crocker era ended in 1922 when the City of San Francisco purchased the Glen Canyon ... | 25,188 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
of the park was built by the Works Progress Administration in 1937.
In 1958, the California State Highway Department proposed a Crosstown Freeway that would have followed Bosworth Street through the neighborhood of Glen Park and then O'Shaughnessy Boulevard through Glen Canyon Park.
Six years later, ... | 25,189 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
Hollow.
# Future management.
The city government of San Francisco mandated the development of management plans for all the "natural areas" under the city's control, and this process culminated in release of the "Significant Natural Resources Areas Management Plan" in February 2006. The plan favors th... | 25,190 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
of some areas for rock climbing, and prohibitions against unleashed dogs.
In Glen Canyon Park, about 20 mature eucalpytus trees were removed in 2004 as part of an effort to increase the diversity of species living along Islais Creek. The plan envisions the removal of an additional 120 trees (of the to... | 25,191 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
by the introduction of "scouring" structures.
Glen Canyon Park used to support populations of two rare species: the "vulnerable" San Francisco forktailed damselfly and the "endangered" Mission blue butterfly. The plan proposes changes in the management of the park that would promote self-sustaining po... | 25,192 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
at the nearly contiguous Twin Peaks Natural Area; while park employees logged about 150 butterflies in the 1980s, only four were found between 2001 and 2007. A reintroduction was done in April 2009. Reintroduction may also be possible in Glen Canyon Park. Here the main issue appears to be re-establishi... | 25,193 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
Canyon Park to its surrounding neighborhoods is indicated by a recent community plan for Glen Park that contains the following statement: "The Glen Park community's special character is created by the unique combination of eclectic building styles, pedestrian scale, the layering of green space and buil... | 25,194 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
that lies about a third of a mile east. This section presents an important opportunity for urban design because the properties along the north side have remained undeveloped since their acquisition by the City in the 1950s. The community plan proposes that this land be developed into a greenway and ped... | 25,195 |
1600100 | Glen Canyon Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glen%20Canyon%20Park | Glen Canyon Park
about a third of a mile east. This section presents an important opportunity for urban design because the properties along the north side have remained undeveloped since their acquisition by the City in the 1950s. The community plan proposes that this land be developed into a greenway and pedestrian pl... | 25,196 |
1600144 | Anabar River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anabar%20River | Anabar River
Anabar River
The Anabar River (; ) is a river in Sakha, Russia, located just west of the Lena River. Its catchment extends into the Putoran Mountains that form the highest part of the Central Siberian Plateau.
Its mean annual discharge is approximately , concentrated heavily in early summer when the ice ... | 25,197 |
1600144 | Anabar River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anabar%20River | Anabar River
ed to be the easternmost fjord in Russia – defining the point at which the climate during the Last Glacial Maximum became too dry for glaciers to form. A clear transition from fjords to deltas at river mouths is apparent shortly to the east at the Lena River delta.
The basin of the Anabar river is notable... | 25,198 |
1600140 | Conch piercing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conch%20piercing | Conch piercing
Conch piercing
A conch piercing is a perforation of the cartilage of the ear for the purpose of inserting and wearing jewelry. There are two types of conch piercings, inner and outer. The name is derived from the resemblance of this part of the ear to a conch (sea creature) shell.
# Inner vs Outer Conc... | 25,199 |
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