wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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2507979 | Chelsea Cooley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chelsea%20Cooley | Chelsea Cooley
ltimore, Cooley moved to a Trump Tower apartment in New York City which she shared with Miss Universe and Miss Teen USA during her reign. Cooley then traveled to Thailand to compete in the Miss Universe pageant, and she and newly crowned queen Natalie Glebova stayed in Thailand for a week after the compe... | 33,800 |
2507995 | ARP Avatar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARP%20Avatar | ARP Avatar
ARP Avatar
The ARP Avatar was a guitar-controlled synthesizer (guitar synthesizer), manufactured by ARP Instruments, Inc. beginning in 1977. While innovative, being one of the first commercial guitar-controlled synthesizers, it was a commercial flop for ARP, and is widely blamed for causing the financial co... | 33,801 |
2507995 | ARP Avatar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARP%20Avatar | ARP Avatar
year on production and R&D for the Avatar, and the $3,000 machine sold only about $1 million worth of units over its lifespan. Guitarists were not quick to adopt the new technology, mostly due to the unit's price and technical eccentricities. The Avatar, however, did find a few advocates and paved the way fo... | 33,802 |
2507999 | Lockean proviso | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockean%20proviso | Lockean proviso
Lockean proviso
The Lockean proviso is a feature of John Locke's labour theory of property which states that whilst individuals have a right to homestead private property from nature by working on it, they can do so only "at least where there is enough, and as good, left in common for others".
# Overv... | 33,803 |
2507999 | Lockean proviso | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockean%20proviso | Lockean proviso
need to be able to protect the resources they are using to live on their property and that this is a natural right. Nozick used this idea to form his Lockean proviso which governs the initial acquisition of property in a society, but in order for his ideas of ownership of property to get off the ground ... | 33,804 |
2507999 | Lockean proviso | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockean%20proviso | Lockean proviso
rgists and socialists to point to land acquisition as illegitimate without compensation. In Georgism, the possession of land is proper only so long as the market rent is paid to the relevant community. If a plot of land has a positive rent, that implies that there is not land of similar quality freely a... | 33,805 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
Washington, D.C. International Stakes
The Baltimore Washington International Turf Cup is an American Grade II invitational horse race. Inaugurated in 1952, it was raced at Laurel Park Racecourse on the turf in Laurel, Maryland, at a distance of miles (12 furlongs) and attracted to... | 33,806 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
original root of race name was brought back as well adding it to a portion of its last version the Turf Cup suffix. So it is now being called the Baltimore Washington International Turf Cup.
When it was founded by John D. Schapiro (owner of the Laurel Park Racecourse), it was the ... | 33,807 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
from the U.S. and Europe; it was important enough to attract horses from the Soviet Union during the 1960s, despite the Cold War. In the 1980s, the Washington, D.C. International was part of a million-dollar bonus given to any horse who won both it, the Canadian International Stake... | 33,808 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
1960s and finished second three times in a row in the International. In 1964, the great gelding finally won the race in an American record time of 2:23.80. He had given the event international status in Europe by just missing three times, before winning it at age seven.
The Washin... | 33,809 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
whose wife Diana won the race the following year with her filly April Run after coming in second to Providential in 1981.
During its run, the D.C. International Stakes was won by horses from the United States 22 times and by foreign representatives 21 times.
# Records.
Most wins... | 33,810 |
2508003 | Washington, D.C. International Stakes | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,%20D.C.%20International%20Stakes | Washington, D.C. International Stakes
a jockey:
- 3 - Manuel Ycaza (1959, 1960 & 1967)
- 3 - Lester Piggott (1968, 1969, 1980)
Most wins by a trainer:
- 4 - Maurice Zilber (1973, 1975, 1976 & 1980)
Speed record:
- 1-1/2 miles - 2:23.80 - Kelso (1964) {Stakes and track record}
- 1-1/4 miles - 1:59.60 - Paradise C... | 33,811 |
2507991 | Little Minnesota River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little%20Minnesota%20River | Little Minnesota River
Little Minnesota River
The Little Minnesota River is a headwaters tributary of the Minnesota River in northeastern South Dakota and west-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Minnesota River, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
# Course.
The Little Minnesota rises from the... | 33,812 |
2507991 | Little Minnesota River | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little%20Minnesota%20River | Little Minnesota River
thin a mile of Lake Traverse, part of the Hudson Bay watershed, from which it is separated by a low continental divide. The river enters Minnesota at the town of Browns Valley and shortly enters Big Stone Lake, which is drained by the Minnesota River. The region between Lake Traverse and Big Ston... | 33,813 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
Famine in India
Famine had been a recurrent feature of life the Indian sub-continental countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, most notoriously during British rule. Famines in India resulted in more than 60 million deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. The last major ... | 33,814 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
impact on the long terms population growth of the country in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on climate: a favorable southwest summer monsoon is critical in securing water for irrigating crops. Droughts, combined with policy failures, have periodically led to ... | 33,815 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
being an exception related to complications during World War II. The 1883 Indian Famine Codes, transportation improvements and changes following independence have been identified as furthering famine relief. In India, traditionally, agricultural labourers and rural artisans have been the primary victims... | 33,816 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
than tripled, yet the minimum dietary intake fell.
# Ancient, medieval and pre-colonial India.
One of the earliest treatises on famine relief goes back more than 2000 years. This treatise is commonly attributed to Kautilya, who recommended that a good king should build new forts and water-works and sh... | 33,817 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
soldiers, and payment of advances. Yet other measures included construction of public works, canals, and embankments, and sinking wells. Migration was encouraged. Kautilya advocated raiding the provisions of the rich in times of famine to "thin them by exacting excess revenue." Information on famines fr... | 33,818 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
5. Writings of foreigners temporarily resident in India (e.g. Ibn Battuta, Francis Xavier)
The ancient Ashokan edicts of the Mauryan age around 269 BCE record emperor Asoka's conquest of Kalinga, roughly the modern state of Odisha. The major rock and pillar edicts mention the massive human toll of abou... | 33,819 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
district is recorded on an inscription with details such as "times becoming bad", a village being ruined, and cultivation of food being disrupted in Landing in 1054. Famines preserved only in oral tradition are the "Dvadasavarsha Panjam" (Twelve-year Famine) of south India and the Durga Devi Famine of t... | 33,820 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
starting in 1520 and 1629. The Damajipant famine is said to have caused ruin both in the northern and southern parts of the Deccan. The 1629-32 famine in the Deccan and Gujarat, was one of the greatest in India's history. In the first 10 months of 1631 an estimated 3 million perished in Gujarat and one ... | 33,821 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
II, in the form of imposing restrictions on export of grain and importing rice in large quantities from Bengal via private trading, however the evidence is often too scanty to judge the 'real efficacy of relief efforts' in the Mughal period.
According to Mushtaq A. Kaw, measures employed by the Mughal ... | 33,822 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
build up stocks.
# British rule.
The late 18th and 19th centuries saw increase in the incidence of severe famine. These famines in British India were bad enough to have a remarkable impact on the long term population growth of the country, especially in the half century between 1871–1921. The first, t... | 33,823 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
fund the annual military budget of between £60,000–1 million. Attempts were later made to show that net revenue was unaffected by the famine, but this was possible only because the collection had been "violently kept up to its former standard". The 1901 Famine Commission found that twelve famines and fo... | 33,824 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
weather and crop conditions. Florence Nightingale made efforts to educate British subjects about India's famines through a series of publications in the 1870s and beyond. Evidence suggests that there may have been large famines in south India every forty years in pre-colonial India, and that the frequen... | 33,825 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
turn was caused due to an absence of a political and social structure.
Nightingale identified two types of famine: a grain famine and a "money famine". Money was drained from the peasant to the landlord, making it impossible for the peasant to procure food. Money which should have been made available t... | 33,826 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in the distribution of food. He links the inequality to the undemocratic nature of the British Empire.
Tirthankar Roy suggests that the famines were due to environmental factors and inherent in India's ecology. Roy argues that massive investments in agriculture were required to break India's stagnation... | 33,827 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in agriculture that India became free of famine, although Roy is of the opinion that improvements in the market efficiency did contribute to the alleviation of weather-induced famines after 1900, an exception to which is the Bengal famine of 1943.
Mike Davis regards the famines of the 1870s and 1890s a... | 33,828 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
They died in the golden age of Liberal Capitalism; indeed, many were murdered ... by the theological application of the sacred principles of Smith, Bentham and Mill." However, since the British Raj was authoritarian and undemocratic, these famines only occurred under a system of economic liberalism, not... | 33,829 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
during times of scarcity. The construction of Indian railways between 1860 and 1920, and the opportunities thereby offered for greater profit in other markets, allowed farmers to accumulate assets that could then be drawn upon during times of scarcity. By the early 20th century, many farmers in the Bomb... | 33,830 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
this region into an industrial and globalising world—ending famines and causing a rapid decline in mortality rates, hence a rise in human welfare'.
## Causes.
The famines were a product both of uneven rainfall and British economic and administrative policies. Colonial policies implicated include rack-... | 33,831 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
that could have been used for domestic subsistence, and increased the vulnerability of Indians to food crises. Others dispute that exports were a major cause of the famine, pointing out that trade did have a stabilising influence on India's food consumption, albeit a small one
The Odisha famine of 1866... | 33,832 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in the western Ganges region, Rajasthan, central India (1868–70), Bengal and eastern India (1873–1874), Deccan (1876–78), and again in the Ganges region, Madras, Hyderabad, Mysore, and Bombay (1876–1878). The famine of 1876–78, also known as the Great Famine of 1876–78, caused a large migration of agric... | 33,833 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
between 1860 and 1877 was the cause of political controversy and discussion which led to the formation of the Indian Famine Commission. This commission would later come up with a draft version of the Indian Famine Code. It was the Great Famine of 1876–78, however, that was the direct cause of investigat... | 33,834 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam, continued to export grains throughout the famine. These famines were typically followed by various infectious diseases such as bubonic plague and influenza, which attacked and killed a population already weakened by starvation.
## British response.
The first major ... | 33,835 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
were anxious not to add to the burden of taxation." The rains failed again in Bengal and Odisha in 1866. Policies of "laissez faire" were employed, which resulted in partial alleviation of the famine in Bengal. However, the southwest Monsoon made the harbour in Odisha inaccessible. As a result, food cou... | 33,836 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
for policy reforms and famine relief, but Lord Lytton, the governing British viceroy in India, opposed such changes in the belief that they would stimulate shirking by Indian workers. Reacting against calls for relief during the 1877–79 famine, Lytton replied, "Let the British public foot the bill for i... | 33,837 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
response from the British authorities was better and famine was completely averted. Then in 1876 a huge famine broke out in Madras. Lord Lytton's administration believed that 'market forces alone would suffice to feed the starving Indians.' The results of such thinking proved fatal (some 5.5 million sta... | 33,838 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
were on famine relief at the peak of the famine.
Curzon stated that such philanthropy would be criticised, but not doing so would be a crime. He also cut back rations that he characterised as "dangerously high," and stiffened relief eligibility by reinstating the Temple tests. Between 1.25 and 10 milli... | 33,839 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
the grain market even in times of famines. Keeping the famine relief as cheap as possible, with minimum cost to the colonial exchequer, was another important factor in determining famine policy. According to Brian Murton, a professor of geography at the University of Hawaii, another possible impact on B... | 33,840 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
seen. In both countries, there were no impediments to the export of food during times of famines. Lessons learnt from the Irish famine were not seen in the correspondence on policy-making during the 1870s in India.
## Famine Codes.
The Famine Commission of 1880 observed that each province in British I... | 33,841 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
liberal-minded viceroy, Lord Ripon. They presented an early warning system to detect and respond to food shortages. Despite the codes, mortality from famine was highest in last 25 years of the 19th century. At that time, annual exports of rice and other grains from India was approximately one million me... | 33,842 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
to declare a famine (particularly in 1943), the "excessively punitive character" of famine restrictions such as wages for public works, the "policy of strict non-interference with private trade," and the natural severity of the food crises.
There was a threat of famine, but after 1902 there was no majo... | 33,843 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
Code applied a strategy of generating employment for these sections of the population and relied on open-ended public works to do so. The Indian Famine Code was used in India until more lessons were learnt from the Bihar famine of 1966–67. The Famine Code has been updated in independent India and it has... | 33,844 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
the incorporation of grain into the world market through rail and telegraph. Davis notes that, "The newly constructed railroads, lauded as institutional safeguards against famine, were instead used by merchants to ship grain inventories from outlying drought-stricken districts to central depots for hoar... | 33,845 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
of grain.
Rail transport, however, also played an essential role in supplying grain from food-surplus regions to famine-stricken ones. The 1880 Famine Codes urged a restructuring and massive expansion of railways, with an emphasis on intra-Indian lines as opposed to the existing port-centred system. Th... | 33,846 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
relied on government provision of famine relief: "Railroads could perform the crucial task of moving grain from one part of India to another, but they could not assure that hungry people would have the money to buy that grain".
A famine weakens body resistance and leads to increases in infectious disea... | 33,847 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
of Indians during the late 19th century, they provided famine-afflicted people the option to leave for other parts of the country and the world. By the 1912–13 scarcity crisis, migration and relief supply were able to absorb the impact of a medium-scale shortage of food. Drèze concludes, "In sum, and wi... | 33,848 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
famine of 1943.
The Bengal famine of 1943 reached its peak between July and November of that year, and the worst of the famine was over by early 1945. Famine fatality statistics were unreliable, and it is estimated up to two million died. Although one of the causes of the famine was the cutting off of ... | 33,849 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
areas in Bengal but the provincial governments obstructed the movement of grain. The Famine Commission of 1948 and economist Amartya Sen found that there was enough rice in Bengal to feed all of Bengal for most of 1943. Sen claimed the famine was caused by inflation, with those benefiting from inflation... | 33,850 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in India, and it holds a special place in the historiography of famine due to Sen's classic work of 1981 titled "Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation".
# Republic of India.
Since the Bengal famine of 1943, there has been a declining number of famines which have had limited effe... | 33,851 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
stop damage to crops nor lack of rain. As such, the threat of famines did not go away. India faced a number of threats of severe famines in 1967, 1973, 1979 and 1987 in Bihar, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Gujarat respectively. However these did not materialise into famines due to government interventio... | 33,852 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
centuries".
## Infrastructure development.
Deaths from starvation were reduced by improvements to famine relief mechanisms after the British left. In independent India, policy changes aimed to make people self-reliant to earn their livelihood and by providing food through the public distribution syste... | 33,853 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
. At its peak, 10 million tonnes of food were imported from the United States.
In the twenty-year period between 1965–1985 gaps in infrastructure were bridged by the establishment of The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). During times of famines, droughts and other natural ca... | 33,854 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
The Green Revolution in India was initially hailed as a success, but has recently been 'downgraded' to a 'qualified success'— not because of a lack of increased food production, but because the increase in food production has slowed down and has not been able to keep pace with population growth. Between... | 33,855 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
banks to issue short-term and timely credit to farmers in need via the Kisan Credit Card scheme. The scheme has become popular among issuing bankers and the recipient farmers with a total credit of made available via the issuing of 23,200,000 credit cards . Between 2000 and , land use for food or fuel h... | 33,856 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
bamboo plants are known to undergo gregarious flowering once in their life cycle which can happen anywhere in a range of 7 to 120 years. A common local belief and observation is that bamboo flowering is followed by an increase in rats, famine and unrest amongst the people. This is called mautam. The fir... | 33,857 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
and bamboo death would occur again in the near future. According to Forest Department Special Secretary K.D.R. Jayakumar, the relationship between famine and bamboo flowering, while widely believed to be true by the tribal locals, has not been scientifically proven. John and Nadgauda, however, strongly ... | 33,858 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
With the changing weather and onset of rains, the seeds germinate and force the mice to migrate to land farms in search of food. On the land farms, the mice feed on crops and grains stored in granaries which causes a decline in food availability. In 2001, the local administration tried to prevent the im... | 33,859 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
ginger and turmeric during periods of bamboo flowering since these crops are not consumed by the rats.
Similar beliefs have been observed thousands of kilometres away in south India in the people of Cherthala in the Alappuzha district of Kerala who associate flowering bamboo with an impending explosion... | 33,860 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
the state of Bihar. No significant increase in the number of infant deaths from famine was found in the Bihar drought.
The annual production of food grains had dropped in Bihar from 7.5 million tonnes in 1965–66 to 7.2 million tonnes in 1966–1967 during the Bihar drought. There was an even sharper drop... | 33,861 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
the United States to provide replacement for damaged crops. The government also set up more than 20,000 fair-price stores to provide food at regulated prices for the poor or those with limited incomes. A large scale drought in Bihar was adverted due to this import, although livestock and crops were dest... | 33,862 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in the Green Revolution.
## 1972 Maharashtra drought.
After several years of good monsoons and a good crop in the early 1970s, India considered exporting food and being self-sufficient. Earlier in 1963, the government of the state of Maharashtra asserted that the agricultural situation in the state wa... | 33,863 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
Government of Maharashtra included employment, programmes aimed at creating productive assets such as tree plantation, conservation of soil, excavation of canals, and building artificial lentic water bodies. The public distribution system distributed food through fair-price shops. No deaths from starvat... | 33,864 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
relief works initiated by the government helped employ over 5 million people at the height of the drought in Maharashtra leading to effective famine prevention. The effectiveness of the Maharashtra was also attributable to the direct pressure on the government of Maharashtra by the public who perceived ... | 33,865 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
rule.
## West Bengal drought.
The drought of 1979–80 in West Bengal was the next major drought and caused a 17% decline in food production with a shortfall of 13.5 million tonnes of food grain. Stored food stocks were leveraged by the government, and there was no net import of food grains. The drought... | 33,866 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
to additional areas, and diversifying agriculture were also launched. The lessons from the 1987 drought brought to light the need for employment generation, watershed planning, and ecologically integrated development.
## 2013 Maharashtra drought.
In March 2013, according to Union Agriculture Ministry,... | 33,867 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
2009, according to the "Times of India". Another "Times of India" report in 2010 has stated that 50% of childhood deaths in India are attributable to malnutrition.
Growing export prices, the melting of the Himalayan glaciers due to global warming, changes in rainfall and temperatures are issues affecti... | 33,868 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
in 1947. However, Shiva warned in 2002 that famines are making a comeback and government inaction would mean they would reach the scale seen in the Horn of Africa in three or four years.
# See also.
- Drought in India
- Famines, Epidemics, and Public Health in the British Raj
- Great Irish famine
-... | 33,869 |
2507955 | Famine in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Famine%20in%20India | Famine in India
## Further reading.
- Arnold, David. "Social Crisis and Epidemic Disease in the Famines of Nineteenth-Century India," "Social History of Medicine" (Dec 1993) 6#3 pp 385–404
- Brewis, Georgina. "'Fill Full the Mouth of Famine': Voluntary Action in Famine Relief in India 1896–1901," "Modern Asian Studie... | 33,870 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
USS Coontz
USS "Coontz" (DLG-9/DDG-40) was a destroyer leader/frigate in the United States Navy. She was named after Admiral Robert Coontz, the US Navy's second chief of naval operations.
Commissioned in 1960, she spent the early part of her career in the Pacific Ocean, participating in four tours of duty ... | 33,871 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
was decommissioned in 1989, and sold for scrap five years later. Her transom nameplate was salvaged and donated to the city of Hannibal, Missouri, birthplace of Admiral Coontz.
# Construction and commissioning.
"Coontz"s keel was laid at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in March 1957, 39 years after Admiral Coon... | 33,872 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
training in April 1961. "Coontz" was commissioned 6 months ahead of "Farragut", the lead ship of the class, some references refer to the class as "Coontz"-class frigates/destroyers. "Coontz" then became a unit of the Cruiser-Destroyer Force U.S. Pacific Fleet and joined the First Fleet as flagship of Destroy... | 33,873 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
Kong, B.C.C, Australia and American Samoa. While conducting training exercises to maintain full combat readiness, "Coontz" received the coveted "E" award for excellence in missilery.
"Coontz" returned to the United States on 23 March 1962 to rejoin the U.S. First Fleet and became the flagship of the Command... | 33,874 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
protection for the Camp Pendleton Marine transports just in case they were needed during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Commander James R. Collier relieved Captain Reis in July 1962. "Coontz" sailed with the Seventh Fleet in Asiatic waters, visiting Yokosuka, Kobe, Kure and Beppu in Japan and Hong Kong, B.C.C in... | 33,875 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
the kill capability of the Terrier surface-to-air missile in a sea power demonstration for President John F. Kennedy.
## First modernization.
"Coontz" was overhauled and her missile weapons systems extensively modernized from October 1963 to April 1964 at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Commander Eugene C. ... | 33,876 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
1964, "Coontz" again became the flagship for Commander, Destroyer Squadron 17.
## First Vietnam tour.
"Coontz" joined the U.S. Seventh Fleet on 16 August 1964 as a unit of the fast carrier task force for six months. She steamed and visited Subic Bay, Philippines, Hong Kong, B.C.C., Sasebo and Yokosuka, Jap... | 33,877 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
training cruise. "Coontz" visited Bellingham, Washington; San Francisco, California; and Hilo and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii during this cruise. The "E", "C" and "A" awards were received during this period for excellence in engineering, communications and anti-submarine warfare. On 14 August 1965, Commander W. Cum... | 33,878 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
Starting and Service power. "Coontz" was the first of her class to receive the conversion and proudly boasted the addition of a helicopter to her many-faceted capabilities.
## Second Vietnam tour.
"Coontz" departed San Diego in January 1966 for a regular deployment as a unit of the U.S. Seventh Fleet for a... | 33,879 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
September, the ship entered Long Beach Naval Shipyard for a regular overhaul.
After departing Long Beach Naval Shipyard in March 1967, "Coontz" returned to San Diego and commenced a training and upkeep period.
## Third Vietnam tour.
"Coontz" departed San Diego for WESTPAC on 25 July 1967. While deployed i... | 33,880 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
visit to Jakarta, Indonesia; the first U.S. warship to visit the nation since early 1963. "Coontz" then spent two 30-day periods in the Northern Search and Rescue Station in the Tonkin Gulf and participated in the rescue of nine aviators. After a brief visit to Hong Kong, B.C.C., "Coontz" headed for her home... | 33,881 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
included participation in the summer midshipmen cruise. Ports visited during this cruise were San Francisco, Seattle, and Pearl Harbor. "Coontz" then took part in First Fleet operations; including exercise Beat Cadence until Deploying on 15 November 1968.
## Fourth Vietnam tour.
"Coontz" arrived on Yankee ... | 33,882 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
"Coontz" was rushed into the Sea of Japan. From that assignment, "Coontz" returned to San Diego via Subic Bay on 18 May.
## Third modernization.
Leave and upkeep followed. In September 1969, "Coontz" participated in a HUKASWEX operation at sea as a unit of the First Fleet. After several more sea periods, "... | 33,883 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
for Atlantic waters and a major overhaul and modernization at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. In conjunction with this work, "Coontz" DLG-9 was decommissioned on 23 February 1971. After extensive anti-air warfare modification, "Coontz" was recommissioned on 18 March 1972 and transferred to her new home port... | 33,884 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
training and preparation, "Coontz" departed on 6 July 1973 for her first deployment with the United States Sixth Fleet, operating in the Mediterranean Sea. Commander Emery was relieved as Commanding Officer by Commander F.N. Howe on 20 December 1973.
In January 1974 "Coontz" changed home port from Newport t... | 33,885 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
The force operated in Caribbean, U.S. and Canadian waters with ships from four NATO navies prior to a transit to Northern Europe where "Coontz" visited 8 countries and participated in numerous NATO exercises. Commander Howe was relieved as Commanding Officer by Commander Silas O. Nunn III on 6 March 1976. Nu... | 33,886 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
78 in November 1978. In 1979 she served again with STANAVFORLANT, as flagship, hosting more than 35,000 visitors in 8 NATO countries and participating in various exercises with over 30 NATO ships. STANAVFORLANT operations included areas above the Arctic Circle, in the Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Norwegian ... | 33,887 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
impacted the sea since no trace of it was ever found.
In the fall of 1981, "Coontz" deployed again. This cruise included port visits in Western Africa as part of the West African Training Cruise, operations in the Mediterranean Sea and a transit into the Black Sea followed by a port visit to Dubrovnik, Yugo... | 33,888 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
overhaul, undergoing various configuration changes and equipment additions. During this yard period, Commander Reason was relieved as Commanding Officer by Commander L.P. Brooks, Jr. on 17 December 1982. "Coontz" completed overhaul on time in July 1983.
## Operation Urgent Fury-Grenada.
Three months out of... | 33,889 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
the Armed Forces Expeditionary medal and the Meritorious Unit Commendation.
## Final operations.
In 1984, "Coontz" underwent pre-deployment work up including refresher training and a major fleet exercise. Upon completion, "Coontz" deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in October conducting operations in the Ea... | 33,890 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
maximize operational availability rather than placing ships in prolonged overhauls.
In November 1985, "Coontz" participated in Operation Bold Eagle, a joint exercise conducted with the US Army and US Air Force in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. "Coontz" coordinated with airborne Air Force AWACS aircraft and... | 33,891 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
only Battle Efficiency Award. In addition she earned all eight line department awards in the areas of Navigation/Deck Seamanship, Main Propulsion, Damage Control, Anti-Air Warfare, Anti-Submarine Warfare, Anti-Surface Warfare, Electronic Warfare, and Communications.
In late 1986 and early 1987, "Coontz" und... | 33,892 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
by Commander William W. Cobb, Jr. on 11 April 1987. During deployment in the Persian Gulf, "Coontz" provided firefighting teams which aided in the rescue of USS "Stark" and her crew after she was struck by Iraqi Exocet missiles. "Coontz" returned to her home port of Norfolk, Virginia on 5 August 1987. Follow... | 33,893 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
had to be repossessed in October 1996. The ship was sold again in February 1999 to Metro Machine of Philadelphia. Although a few bits and pieces of her remain in private collections, the bulk of the ship was dismantled. The scrapping of USS "Coontz" was completed on 26 March 2003 in Philadelphia, with the sc... | 33,894 |
2507961 | USS Coontz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Coontz | USS Coontz
omposed of former officers and crew of USS "Coontz", obtained the transom of ship from a private collector who had saved it from the scrap heap. The transom, which bears the name of the ship, was then donated to the city of Hannibal, Missouri, birthplace of the ship's namesake, Admiral Robert. E. Coontz. On ... | 33,895 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
Murmur (DC Comics)
Murmur is a supervillain in the DC Comics universe. He is one of the new Rogues to threaten the Flash, first appearing in the prestige format one-shot "The Flash: Iron Heights" (2001).
Murmur appeared in the third and fourth seasons of the television series "Arrow" played by Adri... | 33,896 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
Amar's psychosis is the inability to stop himself from blurting out his crimes. Because of these outbursts, he is quickly convicted and sentenced to death.
It is soon discovered that Amar's blood is so abnormal that lethal injection can not kill him. While incarcerated in Iron Heights prison, Amar c... | 33,897 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
his own.
Murmur is one of the villains being controlled by the Top during the Rogue War story arc.
## Infinite Crisis.
In "Infinite Crisis" #1, Murmur is seen working in Gotham City with the Riddler, the Body Doubles and the Fisherman in a murderous attack on Gotham police officers. He is seen in ... | 33,898 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
the DC Universe. In writer Gail Simone's "Secret Six", he is one of the villains sent to retrieve the Get-Out-of-Hell-Free card from the team. The only other mention of the villain post-One Year Later is a framed front page newspaper of the "Central City Citizen" detailing Murmur's arrest and incarce... | 33,899 |
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