wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
Murmur is a demon in the service of The Carnivore. He has an angel-like appearance, dark blue skin and golden armor. He rides a golden gryphon and wielded a powerful golden lance
# In other media.
- Although Murmur has no major parts in any type of media outside of comics, he makes a very brief, ne... | 33,900 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
beaten into confessing to a crime he did not commit years prior for which he served in Iron Heights. He then proceeded to have his mouth sewn shut. After his release, he went on to seek revenge against the police by stealing diamonds to make diamond-tipped bullets which could pierce their body armor.... | 33,901 |
2508018 | Murmur (DC Comics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmur%20(DC%20Comics) | Murmur (DC Comics)
er his gang and work for H.I.V.E by threatening his grandmother. Murmur contributes to the prison break and the Black Canary's resulting death. Murmur is present as an agent of H.I.V.E, going out and leading squads of soldiers in their missions leading up to Darhk's ultimate goal of global nuclear an... | 33,902 |
2508019 | Richie Rich (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richie%20Rich%20(rapper) | Richie Rich (rapper)
Richie Rich (rapper)
Richard Serrell, better known by his stage name Richie Rich, is a rapper from Oakland, California. He currently runs his own record label, Ten-Six Records.
# Music career.
## Early years (1987-99).
Richie Rich first entered music in the late 1980s with the group 415. With D... | 33,903 |
2508019 | Richie Rich (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richie%20Rich%20(rapper) | Richie Rich (rapper)
415 released its next album and faded from the scene soon after, while Rich sat in jail; he was released a year later, and began appearing on tracks by 2Pac and the Luniz. Richie Rich soon found himself being in the middle of a bidding war between Def Jam Records and Relativity Records. He choose t... | 33,904 |
2508019 | Richie Rich (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richie%20Rich%20(rapper) | Richie Rich (rapper)
did rather well on the charts, and music videos were soon released for three songs on the album. Just as Rich's career was booming, a merger at Def Jam (with PolyGram) left him without much direction. Richie Rich was going to release a second album on Def Jam, although it kept getting pushed back. ... | 33,905 |
2508019 | Richie Rich (rapper) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richie%20Rich%20(rapper) | Richie Rich (rapper)
own label with partner Lev Berlak, named Ten-Six Records. Four years after "Seasoned Veteran", his fourth album "The Game" was released. The album has sold over 300,000 units independently.
# Discography.
## Studio albums.
- "Don't Do It" (1990)
- "Half Thang" (1996)
- "Seasoned Veteran" (1996... | 33,906 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
Culavamsa
The Cūḷavaṃsa, also Chulavamsa (Pāli: "Lesser Chronicle"), is a historical record, written in the Pali language, of the monarchs of Sri Lanka. It covers the period from the 4th century to 1815. The Culavamsa was compiled over many years by Buddhist monks, and displays a variety of epic styles. It i... | 33,907 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
authors at different periods. The Culavamsa is divided into two parts.
The first part, chapters thirty-seven to seventy-nine, begins with the 4th century arrival of a tooth relic of Siddhartha Gautama to Sri Lanka and continues to the reign of Parakramabahu the Great (1153–1186) in the 12th century, and was ... | 33,908 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
monarchy to that of Parakramabahu IV (Chaps. 80-90). Within the second part the section of the chronicle which deals with the period from Parakramabahu IV to the death of Kirti Sri Rajasinha was compiled by Tibbotuvāve Sumangala Thera, while the last chapter was continued to 1815 by Hikkaduve Siri Sumangala. ... | 33,909 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
[sic] as the real kernel, the main subject of the Culavamsa', much in the same way that Dutugemunu's life is the major part of the Mahavamsa.
Geiger believes that it is not possible 'to form a harmonious and credible picture of the single acts attributed to the youthful Parakkama [sic]' simply from the infor... | 33,910 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
Geiger also believes that the Culavamsa 'does not consciously relate ... false [information]'.
The primary source for Parakramabahu's reign is the Culavamsa.
# Translation.
The foremost translation of this work was that of Wilhelm Geiger from Pali into German, completed in 1930. This was subsequently trans... | 33,911 |
2508028 | Culavamsa | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culavamsa | Culavamsa
George Turnour's translation of the "Mahavamsa".
# Continuations & Related Works.
In 1871, the British colonial government of Sri Lanka commissioned a 101st chapter of the "Culavamsa", covering the period from 1815-1871.
In 1935, Yagirala Pannananda, a Buddhist monk, wrote "Mahavamsa Part III", a further e... | 33,912 |
2508037 | William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Villiers,%203rd%20Earl%20of%20Jersey | William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey
William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey
William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey, 6th Viscount Grandison, (died 28 August 1769) was an English peer and politician from the Villiers family.
# Life.
He was the son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey. Among other achievements, Villiers... | 33,913 |
2508037 | William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Villiers,%203rd%20Earl%20of%20Jersey | William Villiers, 3rd Earl of Jersey
l charter on 17 October 1739 to operate an orphanage for abandoned children in London.
On 23 June 1733, he married Anne Russell, Dowager Duchess of Bedford (c. 1704/1709 – 1762). She was the daughter of Scroop Egerton, 1st Duke of Bridgwater, and widow of Wriothesley Russell, 3rd D... | 33,914 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
E. G. Squier
Ephraim George Squier (June 17, 1821 – April 17, 1888), usually cited as E. G. Squier, was an American archaeologist and newspaper editor.
# Biography.
Squier was born in Bethlehem, New York, the son of a minister of English heritage and his Palatine German wife. In early youth he worked on... | 33,915 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
weekly newspaper the "Scioto Gazette".
During this period, Squier collaborated with physician Edwin H. Davis on the book, "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley", which was issued in 1848. The work was a landmark in American scientific research, the study of the prehistoric Mound Builders of North A... | 33,916 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
Ohio, which they discovered in 1846, and the mapping of the Mound City Group in Chillicothe, Ohio, which has been restored using their data and is now part of Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. Squier and Davis's collection of ancient Mound objects is now kept at the British Museum.
He was appoint... | 33,917 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
In 1858, he married Miriam Florence Folline who had recently had a previous marriage annulled.
About 1860, he became editor-in-chief for Frank Leslie's publishing house, and supervised the publication of the first two volumes of "Frank Leslie's Pictorial History of the American Civil War". In 1863 Squier ... | 33,918 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
of New York. He conducted ethnological studies, especially in Nicaragua, Honduras and Peru.
On returning from Peru, he continued working for Frank Leslie, but gave it up when his health failed. In 1873, his wife divorced him, and married Leslie a year later. In 1874 his health became so seriously impaired... | 33,919 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
articles, and contributions to the "Encyclopædia Britannica" and foreign periodicals, his works include:
- "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley" ("Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge", vol. 1, 1848)
- "Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York" ("Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge", vo... | 33,920 |
2508043 | E. G. Squier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.%20G.%20Squier | E. G. Squier
y" ("Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge", vol. 1, 1848)
- "Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York" ("Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge", vol. 2, 1849; Buffalo, 1851)
- "Serpent Symbols" (1852)
- "Nicaragua: its People, Scenery, Monuments, and the Proposed Interoceanic Canal" (2 vols., Ne... | 33,921 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
Leo Mol
Leonid Molodoshanin, known as Leo Mol, (January 15, 1915 – July 4, 2009) was a Ukrainian Canadian stained glass artist and sculptor.
# History.
Born Leonid Molodozhanyn in Polonne, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), and raised in Russia (Krasnoyarsk, Prokhladny, Nalchik and Leningrad), Mol learned the art... | 33,922 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
the German invasion of the Soviet Union he deported to Germany where he was influenced by Arno Breker. In 1945, he moved to The Hague, and in December, 1948, he and his wife, Magareth (whom he married in 1943), emigrated to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1948. In 1949, he held his first ceramics exhibition in Winnipeg.
... | 33,923 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
unveiled on June 18, 1992 and has been expanded twice since. It is supported by private donations, and Mol personally donated 200 bronze sculptures to the city of Winnipeg. The sculptures are of religious leaders, prominent people, the human form, and wildlife.
Mol died July 4, 2009, at St. Boniface Hospital i... | 33,924 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
most famous works include likenesses of three different Popes which stand in museums in the Vatican. He also has a sculpture of Taras Shevchenko on display on Washington’s Embassy Row.
Other important subjects who Mol sculpted include members of the Group of Seven, A. J. Casson, A.Y. Jackson and Frederick Varl... | 33,925 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
bronze statue of Queen Elizabeth II.
The maquette of Sir William Stephenson C.C. (code-named "Intrepid") is displayed in a place of honour within CIA Headquarters, Langley, VA, USA
# Honours.
In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000, he was awarded the Order of Manitoba. He was a membe... | 33,926 |
2508059 | Leo Mol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo%20Mol | Leo Mol
e University of Winnipeg, the University of Alberta and the University of Manitoba.
Mol was also made an honorary academician of the Canadian Portrait Academy (Hon. CPA) in 2000.
Leo Mol's papers are held by the University of Manitoba Archives and Special Collections.
# External links.
- The Ukrainian Weekl... | 33,927 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
One World Film Festival
One World (Czech: "Jeden svět") is the largest human rights film festival in the world (125 947 spectators in 2018)
, held annually in Prague and other 36 cities of the Czech Republic, with a selection later shown in Brussels and other countries. The festival deals with... | 33,928 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
the world. It is a founding member of the Human Rights Film Network, which brings together 33 festivals around the world.
In 2006, the festival received a Special Mention from UNESCO for its contribution to human rights and peace education. Three years later, in 2009, One World published a hand... | 33,929 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
the handbook Explore Impact: How To Reach New Audiences And Boost Impact, that should serve as an inspiration guide for festival (or other cultural events) organizers, who care about the social dimension and impact of their work.
One World was held under the auspices of Václav Havel, the Minist... | 33,930 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
and artistic quality. Six main awards are given to the winning films:
- International Competition Award
- Award for the Best Director in the International Competition
- The Václav Havel Jury Award for a film that makes an exceptional contribution to the defense of human rights
- Czech Compet... | 33,931 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
of violence in Syria.
"Winners of the Homo Homini Award"
- 1994: Sergei Kovalev
- 1997: Szeto Wah
- 1998: Ibrahim Rugova
- 1999: Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas
- 2000: Min Ko Naing
- 2001: Zackie Achmat
- 2002: Thích Huyền Quang, Thích Quảng Độ and Nguyễn Văn Lý
- 2003: Nataša Kandić
- 2004: Gh... | 33,932 |
2508060 | One World Film Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One%20World%20Film%20Festival | One World Film Festival
ascus
- 2012: Intigam Aliyev
- 2013: Sapiyat Magomedova
- 2014: Souad Nawfal
- 2015: Black Spring (Cuba): Martha Beatriz Roque Cabello, Jorge Olivera Castillo, Ángel Juan Moya Acosta, José Daniel Ferrer García, Félix Navarro Rodríguez, Iván Hernández Carrillo, Héctor Maseda Gutiérrez, Óscar ... | 33,933 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
Leslie Abramson
Leslie Hope Abramson (born October 6, 1943) is an American criminal defense attorney best known for her role in the legal defense of Lyle and Erik Menendez.
# Education.
Born in Flushing, Queens, New York, Abramson graduated from Queens College, and in 1969 received a Juris Doctor (J.... | 33,934 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
the L.A. Criminal Courts Bar Association. Over the course of her career, only one client that she represented received the death penalty - a multiple murderer named Ricky Sanders, who shot eleven people in a walk-in freezer in a Bob's Big Boy restaurant, killing four of them.
In 1988 Abramson was able ... | 33,935 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
Parwez's brother, who had returned to Pakistan, was the likely culprit.
## The Menendez trial.
Abramson gained national attention in the early 1990s, when she represented Erik Menendez in his trial for the murder of his parents, again presenting parental abuse as the defense for the crime alleged. She... | 33,936 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
a three-year investigation, the state bar closed its case "after deciding that there was insufficient evidence to conclude she violated ethical rules in Menendez brothers' retrial."
## Post-Menendez career.
In 1997, Abramson published a book, "The Defense Is Ready: Life in the Trenches of Criminal Law... | 33,937 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
was parodied on "Saturday Night Live", where she was portrayed by Julia Sweeney, along with John Malkovich and Rob Schneider as Lyle and Erik Menendez. Sweeney portrayed Abramson again the following year as a talk show host defending the actions of Tonya Harding (played by Melanie Hutsell) and Slobodan ... | 33,938 |
2508066 | Leslie Abramson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leslie%20Abramson | Leslie Abramson
eney, along with John Malkovich and Rob Schneider as Lyle and Erik Menendez. Sweeney portrayed Abramson again the following year as a talk show host defending the actions of Tonya Harding (played by Melanie Hutsell) and Slobodan Milošević (played by Patrick Stewart).
In the 1994 television film "Menend... | 33,939 |
2508070 | Brøckhouse Brewery | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brøckhouse%20Brewery | Brøckhouse Brewery
Brøckhouse Brewery
Brøckhouse was a Danish micro brewery, located in Hillerød that was founded in 1995 by brewer Allan Poulsen. It reached a peak production capacity of 500.000 litres per year.
The brewery specialised in brewing beers that was influenced by beers based on Danish history. Among othe... | 33,940 |
2508101 | Rhode Island Reds | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhode%20Island%20Reds | Rhode Island Reds
Rhode Island Reds
Rhode Island Reds has been the name of three sports teams from Rhode Island:
- RI Reds, a current team in the National Premier Soccer League
- Providence Reds, a former team of the Canadian-American Hockey League and American Hockey League which later changed its name to Rhode Isl... | 33,941 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
'I' and the 'me'
The I' and the 'me are terms central to the social philosophy of George Herbert Mead, one of the key influences on the development of the branch of sociology called symbolic interactionism. The terms refer to the psychology of the individual, where in Mead's understanding, the "me" is... | 33,942 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
generally) with the environment: other people's attitudes, once internalized in the self, constitute the "Me". This includes both knowledge about that environment (including society), but "also" about who the person is: their "sense of self". "What the individual is for himself is not something that he... | 33,943 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
by holding it back from breaking the law of the community'. It is thus very close to the way in a man Freud's 'ego-censor, the conscience...arose from the critical influence of his parents (conveyed to him by the medium of the voice), to whom were added, as time went on, those who trained and taught hi... | 33,944 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
"It is only after we have acted that we know what we have done...what we have said." People, he argues, are not automatons; Mead states that "the "I" reacts to the self which arises though the taking of the attitude of others." They do not blindly follow rules. They "construct" a response on the basis ... | 33,945 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
be no possibility of personality without both the "I" and the "Me".
# Fusion.
Mead explored what he called 'the fusion of the "I" and the "me" in the attitudes of religion, patriotism, and team work', noting what he called the "peculiar sense of exaltation" that belongs to them. He also considered th... | 33,946 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
speak of a person as a conventional individual; his ideas are exactly the same as those of his neighbours; he is hardly more than a "me" under the circumstances'—"...the shallow, brittle, conformist kind of personality..." that is ""all persona", with its excessive concern for "what people think"." The... | 33,947 |
2508071 | 'I' and the 'me' | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title='I'%20and%20the%20'me' | 'I' and the 'me'
anized attitude in a way that makes a significant difference. With such a person, the "I" is the most important phase of the experience.
# Dissociation.
Mead recognised that it is normal for an individual to have 'all sorts of selves answering to all sorts of different social reactions', but also tha... | 33,948 |
2508103 | List of places in Pennsylvania: D–E | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20places%20in%20Pennsylvania:%20D–E | List of places in Pennsylvania: D–E
List of places in Pennsylvania: D–E
This list of current cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other recognized places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, and its lower and upper ... | 33,949 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
The First Day of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War took place on July 1, 1863, and began as an engagement between isolated units of the Army of Northern Virginia under Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of the Potomac unde... | 33,950 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
were delayed by dismounted Union cavalrymen under Brig. Gen. John Buford. As infantry reinforcements arrived under Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds of the Union I Corps, the Confederate assaults down the Chambersburg Pike were repulsed, although Gen. Reynolds was killed.
By early afternoon, t... | 33,951 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Union lines generally held under extremely heavy pressure, although the salient at Barlow's Knoll was overrun.
The third phase of the battle came as Rodes renewed his assault from the north and Heth returned with his entire division from the west, accompanied by the division of Maj. Gen... | 33,952 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
orders from Robert E. Lee to take the heights "if practicable," Richard Ewell chose not to attack. Historians have debated ever since how the battle might have ended differently if he had found it practicable to do so.
# Morning.
## Defense by Buford's cavalry.
On the morning of July ... | 33,953 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
the approach of the Army of the Potomac.
General Buford recognized the importance of the high ground directly to the south of Gettysburg. He knew that if the Confederates could gain control of the heights, Meade's army would have a hard time dislodging them. He decided to utilize three ... | 33,954 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
that morning, Reynolds, who was commanding the Left Wing of the Army of the Potomac, ordered his corps to march to Buford's location, with the XI Corps (Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard) to follow closely behind.
Confederate Maj. Gen. Henry Heth's division, from Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's Third Cor... | 33,955 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
deployed into line. Eventually, they reached dismounted troopers from Col. William Gamble's cavalry brigade. The first shot of the battle was claimed to be fired by Lieutenant Marcellus E. Jones of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, fired at an unidentified man on a gray horse over a half-mile aw... | 33,956 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
two or three times faster than a muzzle-loaded carbine or rifle. Also, the breech-loading design meant that Union troops did not have to stand to reload and could do so safely behind cover. This was a great advantage over the Confederates, who still had to stand to reload, thus providing... | 33,957 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Davis versus Cutler.
The morning infantry fighting occurred on either side of the Chambersburg Pike, mostly on McPherson Ridge. To the north, an unfinished railroad bed opened three shallow cuts in the ridges. To the south, the dominant features were Willoughby Run and Herbst Woods (som... | 33,958 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
where Calef's had stood earlier. While the general rode his horse along the east end of Herbst Woods, shouting "Forward men! Forward for God's sake, and drive those fellows out of the woods," he fell from his horse, killed instantly by a bullet striking him behind the ear. (Some historia... | 33,959 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
making the Union position untenable, and Wadsworth ordered Cutler's regiments back to Seminary Ridge. The commander of the 147th New York, Lt. Col. Francis C. Miller, was shot before he could inform his troops of the withdrawal, and they remained to fight under heavy pressure until a sec... | 33,960 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
an easy fight against dismounted cavalrymen and were astonished to recognize the black Hardee hats worn by the men facing them through the woods: the famous Iron Brigade, formed from regiments in the Western states of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, had a reputation as fierce, tenaciou... | 33,961 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Patrick Moloney of Company G., 2nd Wisconsin, "a brave patriotic and fervent young Irishman." Archer resisted capture, but Moloney overpowered him. Moloney was killed later that day, but he received the Medal of Honor for his exploit. When Archer was taken to the rear, he encountered his... | 33,962 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
The Wisconsin men paused at the fence along the pike and fired, which halted Davis's attack on Cutler's men and caused many of them to seek cover in the unfinished railroad cut. The 6th joined the 95th New York and the 84th New York (also known as the 14th Brooklyn), a "demi-brigade" com... | 33,963 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
men of the three regiments nevertheless faced daunting fire as they charged toward the cut. The 6th Wisconsin's American flag went down at least three times during the charge. At one point Dawes took up the fallen flag before it was seized from him by a corporal of the color guard. As th... | 33,964 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
John Blair of the 2nd Mississippi stood up and responded, "Who are you?" Dawes replied, "I command this regiment. Surrender or I will fire." Dawes later described what happened next:
Despite this surrender, leaving Dawes standing awkwardly holding seven swords, the fighting continued fo... | 33,965 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
and over 200 prisoners out of 1,707 engaged.
# Midday lull.
By 11:30 a.m., the battlefield was temporarily quiet. On the Confederate side, Henry Heth faced an embarrassing situation. He had been under orders from General Lee to avoid a general engagement until the full Army of Northern... | 33,966 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
the division (four brigades) of Maj. Gen. Dorsey Pender, also from Hill's Corps. Hill's remaining division (Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson) did not arrive until late in the day.
Considerably more Confederate forces were on the way, however. Two divisions of the Second Corps, commanded by... | 33,967 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Union cavalry outposts north of the town detected both movements. Ewell's remaining division (Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson) did not arrive until late in the day.
On the Union side, Doubleday reorganized his lines as more units of the I Corps arrived. First on hand was the Corps ... | 33,968 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
11:30 when he heard that Reynolds had been killed and that he was now in command of all Union forces on the field. He recalled: "My heart was heavy and the situation was grave indeed, but surely I did not hesitate a moment. God helping us, we will stay here till the Army comes. I assumed... | 33,969 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Schimmelfennig while Schurz filled in for Howard as XI Corps commander.) The division of Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow was placed on Schurz's right to support him. The third division to arrive, under Brig. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr, was placed on Cemetery Hill along with two batteries of ... | 33,970 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
the I Corps reserve division of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, whose two brigades had been sent forward by Doubleday when he heard about Ewell's arrival. Howard's defensive line was not a particularly strong one in the north. He was soon outnumbered (his XI Corps, still suffering the effec... | 33,971 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
(Ewell's Corps attacking the I and XI Corps) of Gettysburg. Ewell, on Oak Hill with Rodes, saw Howard's troops deploying before him, and he interpreted this as the start of an attack and implicit permission to set aside Gen. Lee's order not to bring about a general engagement.
## Rodes ... | 33,972 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
against the six veteran regiments in the brigade of Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter, manning a line in a shallow inverted V, facing north on the ridge behind the Mummasburg Road. O'Neal's men were sent forward without coordinating with Iverson on their flank and fell back under heavy fire from t... | 33,973 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
almost parade-ground formations, heels of their boots perfectly aligned. (The bodies were later buried on the scene, and this area is today known as "Iverson's Pits", source of many local tales of supernatural phenomena.)
Baxter's brigade was worn down and out of ammunition. At 3:00 p.m... | 33,974 |
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Before the end of the day, three other commanders of that brigade were wounded.
Daniel's North Carolina brigade then attempted to break the I Corps line to the southwest along the Chambersburg Pike. They ran into stiff resistance from Col. Roy Stone's Pennsylvania "Bucktail Brigade" in ... | 33,975 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Heth's division again, with two fresh brigades: Pettigrew's North Carolinians and Col. John M. Brockenbrough's Virginians.
Pettigrew's Brigade was deployed in a line that extended south beyond the ground defended by the Iron Brigade. Enveloping the left flank of the 19th Indiana, Pettig... | 33,976 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Iron Brigade was the brigade of Col. Chapman Biddle, defending open ground on McPherson Ridge, but they were outflanked and decimated. To the right, Stone's Bucktails, facing both west and north along the Chambersburg Pike, were attacked by both Brockenbrough and Daniel.
Casualties were... | 33,977 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Union regiments, the 24th Michigan, lost 399 of 496. It had nine color bearers shot down, and its commander, Col. Henry A. Morrow, was wounded in the head and captured. The 151st Pennsylvania of Biddle's brigade lost 337 of 467.
The highest ranking casualty of this engagement was Gen. H... | 33,978 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
assault. Pender was oddly passive during this phase of the battle; the typically more aggressive tendencies of a young general in Lee's army would have seen him move forward on his own accord. Hill shared the blame for failing to order him forward as well, but he claimed illness. History... | 33,979 |
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field, deployed the division of Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig on the left and Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow on the right. From the left, the brigades were Schimmelfennig's (under Col. George von Amsberg), Col. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski, Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames, and Col. Leopold von ... | 33,980 |
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to defend, with better fields of fire, and with a more secure right flank.)
Making the Federal defense more difficult, Barlow advanced farther north than Schimmelfennig's division, occupying a 50-foot (15 m) elevation above Rock Creek named Blocher's Knoll (known today as Barlow's Knoll... | 33,981 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
unmindful of the shower of bullets around," and "was severely wounded, and had to be carried off the battle-field." ) By taking the knoll, Barlow was following Howard's directive to obstruct the advance of Early's division, and in doing so, deprive him of an artillery platform, as von St... | 33,982 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
too late and in insufficient numbers to help. Historian Harry W. Pfanz judges Barlow's decision to be a "blunder" that "ensured the defeat of the corps."
Richard Ewell's second division, under Jubal Early, swept down the Harrisburg Road, deployed in a battle line three brigades wide, al... | 33,983 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
At the same time the Georgians under Doles launched a synchronized assault with Gordon. The defenders of Barlow's Knoll targeted by Gordon were 900 men of von Gilsa's brigade; in May, two of his regiments had been the initial target of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's flanking attack at C... | 33,984 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
focused on Gen. Schimmelfennig's division. They were subjected to a deadly artillery crossfire from Rodes' and Early's batteries, and as they deployed they were attacked by Doles' infantry. Early's troops were able to employ a flanking attack and roll up the division from the right, and ... | 33,985 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
was overwhelmed by Hays and Avery. He provided valuable cover for the retreating soldiers, but at a high price: of Coster's 800 men, 313 were captured, as were two of the four guns from the battery.
The collapse of the XI Corps was completed by 4 p.m., after a fight of less than an hour... | 33,986 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
flank of the XI Corps. Daniel's Brigade resumed its attack, now to the east against Baxter on Oak Ridge. This time Rodes was more successful, mostly because Early coordinated an attack on his flank.
In the west, the Union troops had fallen back to the Seminary and built hasty breastwork... | 33,987 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
in one of the fiercest artillery barrages of the war, rivaling Pickett's Charge to come, but on a more concentrated scale. Twenty guns spaced only apart fired spherical case, explosive shells, canister, and double canister rounds into the approaching brigade, which emerged from the fight... | 33,988 |
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men but miraculously was untouched. He directed his men to a weak point in the breastworks on the Union left, a gap between Biddle's left-hand regiment, the 121st Pennsylvania, and Gamble's cavalrymen, attempting to guard the flank. They broke through, enveloping the Union line and rolli... | 33,989 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
busy by a clash with Union cavalry on the Hagerstown Road. Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas's Georgia Brigade was in reserve well to the rear, not summoned by Pender or Hill to assist or exploit the breakthrough.
## Union retreat.
The sequence of retreating units remains unclear. Each of th... | 33,990 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Gen. Howard told Gen. Meade that his corps was forced to retreat only because the I Corps collapsed first on his flank, which may have reduced his embarrassment but was unappreciated by Doubleday and his men. (Doubleday's career was effectively ruined by Howard's story.)
Union troops re... | 33,991 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Wainwright ordered his 17 remaining guns to gallop down Chambersburg Street, three abreast. A.P. Hill failed to commit any of his reserves to the pursuit of the Seminary defenders, a great missed opportunity.
Near the railroad cut, Daniel's Brigade renewed their assault, and almost 500 ... | 33,992 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
rest of the brigade to escape, which they did, in considerably more disarray than those from the Seminary. The 16th Maine started the day with 298 men, but at the end of this holding action there were only 35 survivors.
For the XI Corps, it was a sad reminder of their retreat at Chancel... | 33,993 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
fleeing refugees added to the congestion. Some soldiers sought to avoid capture by hiding in basements and in fenced backyards. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig was one such person who climbed a fence and hid behind a woodpile in the kitchen garden of the Garlach family for the rest of the ... | 33,994 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
south of Gettysburg in Taneytown, Maryland, when he heard that Reynolds had been killed. He immediately dispatched Hancock, commander of the II Corps and his most trusted subordinate, to the scene with orders to take command of the field and to determine whether Gettysburg was an appropr... | 33,995 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
arrived after 4:00 p.m. and commanded no units on the field that day, he took control of the Union troops arriving on the hill and directed them to defensive positions with his "imperious and defiant" (and profane) persona. As to the choice of Gettysburg as the battlefield, Hancock told ... | 33,996 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
if they held the high ground of Cemetery Hill. He sent orders to Ewell to "carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army." In the face of this discretionary, and possibly contradict... | 33,997 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
Hill, but that general felt his corps was too depleted from the day's battle and General Lee did not want to bring up Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson's division from the reserve. Ewell did consider taking Culp's Hill, which would have made the Union position on Cemetery Hill untenable. How... | 33,998 |
2508048 | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Gettysburg,%20First%20Day | Battle of Gettysburg, First Day
in preparation to take the hill, but a small reconnaissance party sent in advance encountered a picket line of the 7th Indiana Infantry, which opened fire and captured a Confederate officer and soldier. The remainder of the Confederates fled and attempts to seize Culp's Hill on July 1 ca... | 33,999 |
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