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20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Europe as unsafe and hostile as the USSR. In 1939, she became lonely and alarmed by the rise of fascism, which she attacked in "Stikhi k Chekhii" ("Verses to Czechia" 1938–39).
## Return to the Soviet Union.
In 1939, she and her son returned to Moscow, unaware of the reception she would receive. In ... | 3,500 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Soviet writers refused to help her, and chose to ignore her plight; Nikolai Aseev, who she had hoped would assist, shied away, fearful for his life and position.
Efron and Alya were arrested for espionage. Alya's fiancé was actually an NKVD agent who had been assigned to spy on the family. Efron was s... | 3,501 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
poet Valentin Parnakh applied to the Soviet of Literature Fund asking for a job at the LitFund's canteen. Parnakh was accepted as a doorman, while Tsvetaeva's application for a permission to live in Chistopol was turned down and she had to return to Yelabuga on 28 August.
On 31 August 1941, while livi... | 3,502 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
The Last Days of Marina Tsvetaeva", the local NKVD department tried to force Tsvetaeva to start working as their informant, which left her no choice other than to commit suicide.
Tsvetaeva was buried in Yelabuga cemetery on 2 September 1941, but the exact location of her grave remains unknown.
Her so... | 3,503 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
was republished in the Soviet Union after 1961, and her passionate, articulate and precise work, with its daring linguistic experimentation, brought her increasing recognition as a major poet.
A minor planet, 3511 Tsvetaeva, discovered in 1982 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina, is named after h... | 3,504 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
such as Valery Bryusov, Maximilian Voloshin, Osip Mandelstam, Boris Pasternak, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Anna Akhmatova. Later, that recognition was also expressed by the poet Joseph Brodsky, pre-eminent among Tsvetaeva's champions. Tsvetaeva was primarily a lyrical poet, and her lyrical voice remains cl... | 3,505 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
end. In both her poetry and her prose, nothing remains hanging or leaves a feeling of ambivalence. Tsvetaeva is the unique case in which the paramount spiritual experience of an epoch (for us, the sense of ambivalence, of contradictoriness in the nature of human existence) served not as the object of e... | 3,506 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
experience with the faith of a true romantic, a priestess of lived emotion. And she stayed true to that faith to the tragic end of her life.
Tsvetaeva's lyric poems fill ten collections; the uncollected lyrics would add at least another volume. Her first two collections indicate their subject matter i... | 3,507 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
and was made evident in two new collections: "Mileposts" (Versty, 1921) and "Mileposts: Book One" (Versty, Vypusk I, 1922).
Three elements of Tsvetaeva's mature style emerge in the "Mileposts" collections. First, Tsvetaeva dates her poems and publishes them chronologically. The poems in "Mileposts: Bo... | 3,508 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
poets, the "Poems to Akhmatova" and the "Poems to Blok", which again reappear in a separate volume, Poems to Blok ("Stikhi k Bloku", 1922). Thirdly, the "Mileposts" collections demonstrate the dramatic quality of Tsvetaeva's work, and her ability to assume the guise of multiple "dramatis personae" with... | 3,509 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Poema-skazka", 1922) and "The Swain", subtitled "A Fairytale" ("Molodets: skazka", 1924). The fourth folklore-style poem is "Byways" ("Pereulochki", published in 1923 in the collection "Remeslo"), and it is the first poem which may be deemed incomprehensible in that it is fundamentally a soundscape of ... | 3,510 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
as a base for her narrative, for example:
## Emigrant.
Subsequently, as an émigré, Tsvetaeva's last two collections of lyrics were published by émigré presses, "Craft" ("Remeslo", 1923) in Berlin and "After Russia" ("Posle Rossii", 1928) in Paris. There then followed the twenty-three lyrical "Berlin"... | 3,511 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
the walk is about the final walk she will take with her lover Konstantin Rodzevich. In it everything is foretold: in the first few lines (translated by Elaine Feinstein) the future is already written:
Again, further poems foretell future developments. Principal among these is the voice of the classica... | 3,512 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
poems, moreover, are among Tsvetaeva's best-known works: "The Train of Life" ("Poezd zhizni") and "The Floorcleaners' Song" ("Poloterskaya"), both included in After Russia, and The Ratcatcher (Krysolov, 1925–1926), a long, folkloric narrative. The target of Tsvetaeva's satire is everything petty and pe... | 3,513 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Yesterday... The growing force of their threat is far stronger than the climax." "The Ratcatcher" poem, which Tsvetaeva describes as a "lyrical satire", is loosely based on the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. The Ratcatcher, which is also known as The Pied Piper, is considered by some to be the fi... | 3,514 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
then leads the town's children away too, in retribution for the citizens' ingratitude. As in the other folkloric narratives, The Ratcatcher's story line emerges indirectly through numerous speaking voices which shift from invective, to extended lyrical flights, to pathos.
Tsvetaeva's last ten years of... | 3,515 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
as well as her lyrical poems; they are collected in two books, "Poem of the End" and "In the Inmost Hour of the Soul". J. Marin King translated a great deal of Tsvetaeva's prose into English, compiled in a book called "A Captive Spirit". Tsvetaeva scholar Angela Livingstone has translated a number of T... | 3,516 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
USA) and "Poem of the End" (The Hudson Review, Winter 2009; and in the anthology Poets Translate Poets, Syracuse U. Press 2013) and "Poem of the Hill", (New England Review, Summer 2008) and Tsvetaeva's 1914–1915 cycle of love poems to Sophia Parnok. In 2002, Yale University Press published Jamey Gambre... | 3,517 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
where the article "Marina Tsvetaeva in America" was written by Dr. Uli Zislin, the founder and director of the Washington Museum of Russian Poetry and Music, Sep/Oct 2017.
## Music and songs.
The Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich set six of Tsvetaeva's poems to music. Later the Russian-Tatar compos... | 3,518 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
production was directed by Anne Bogart and the part of Tsvetaeva was sung by Lauren Flanigan. The poetry by Tsvetaeva was set to music and frequently performed as songs by Elena Frolova, Larisa Novoseltseva, Zlata Razdolina and other Russian bards.
# Books of Tsvetaeva poetry in English translation.
... | 3,519 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Selected Narrative and Lyrical Poems ", trans. Nina Kossman (Ardis / Overlook, 1998, 2004)
- "Moscow in the Plague Year", translated by Christopher Whyte (180 poems written between November 1918 and May 1920) (Archipelago Press, New York, 2014), 268pp, ISBN 978-1-935744-96-2
- "Milestones (1922)," tr... | 3,520 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Poems ", trans. Nina Kossman (Humana Press, 1989)
- " Black Earth", trans. Elaine Feinstein (The Delos Press and The Menard Press, 1992) ISBN I-874320-00-4 and ISBN I-874320-05-5 (signed ed.)
- "Phaedra: a drama in verse; with New Year's Letter and other long poems", trans. Angela Livingstone (Angel ... | 3,521 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
Elysee Wilson-Egolf (Sumizdat 2012)
- "Marina Tsvetayeva: Selected Poems", trans. David McDuff. (Bloodaxe Books, 1987)
# Further reading.
- Schweitzer, Viktoria "Tsvetaeva" (1993)
- Mandelstam, Nadezhda "Hope Against Hope"
- Mandelstam, Nadezhda "Hope Abandoned"
- Pasternak, Boris "An Essay in Au... | 3,522 |
20187 | Marina Tsvetaeva | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina%20Tsvetaeva | Marina Tsvetaeva
.
- A small site dedicated to Tsvetaeva
- Poetic translations into English
- Marina Tsvetaeva biography at Carcanet Press, English language publisher of Tsvetaeva's "Bride of Ice" and ""Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems"", translated by Elaine Feinstein.
- Heritage of Marina Tsvetayeva, a resource i... | 3,523 |
206477 | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Andrew%20Johnstone%20Munro | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro
Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro
Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro (29 October 1819 – 30 March 1885) was a British classical scholar.
# Biography.
Munro was born at Elgin, Moray, Scotland, the illegitimate son of Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro of Novar by Penelope Forbes, and educated at Shrewsbury Sch... | 3,524 |
206477 | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Andrew%20Johnstone%20Munro | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro
reputation rests is his edition of Lucretius, the fruit of many years' efforts (text only, 1 vol., 1860; text, commentary and translation, 2 vols, 1864). As a textual critic his knowledge was profound and his judgment unrivalled; and he studied archaeology, being a frequent traveller in Ital... | 3,525 |
206477 | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Andrew%20Johnstone%20Munro | Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro
e was a master of the art of Greek and Latin verse composition. His contributions to the famous volume of Shrewsbury verse, "Sabrinae corolla", are among the most remarkable of the collection. He communicated with Thomas Saunders Evans.
His "Translations into Latin and Greek Verse" were pri... | 3,526 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Montreal Expos
The Montreal Expos () were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Expos were the first Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise located outside the United States. They played in the National League (NL) East Division from 1969 until 2004. Following the 2004 seas... | 3,527 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977. The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons. The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season, but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Los Angeles Dodgers. The te... | 3,528 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
games managed (1,409).
The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players, and attendance and interest in the team declined. Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new bal... | 3,529 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average, and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts. Three pitchers threw four no-hitters: Bill Stoneman (twice), Charlie Lea, and Dennis Martínez, who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history. The Expos retired... | 3,530 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
1895. The Montreal Royals of the Eastern League were subsequently founded in 1897 and played 20 seasons. The Royals were revived in 1928 and were purchased by the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1939 to serve as one of their Triple-A affiliates. Under Dodgers' management, the Royals won seven International League ch... | 3,531 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Dodgers reduced the number of teams they maintained at the AAA level.
Almost immediately upon the Royals' demise, Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau and city executive committee chairman Gerry Snyder began their campaign for a Major League Baseball (MLB) team. The city, which had previously been considered a l... | 3,532 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
of the NL's expansion committee. On May 27, 1968, National League president Warren Giles announced the league would add expansion teams in San Diego and Montreal at a cost of US$10 million each.
With the franchise secured, Snyder built an ownership group of six partners led by financier Jean-Louis Léves... | 3,533 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
by 1971. However, Snyder's successor as executive committee chairman, Lucien Saulnier, told Bronfman that Drapeau could not make such a guarantee on his own authority. As 1968 dragged on without movement from the city on a facility, Bronfman and his group threatened to walk away. While they had more than... | 3,534 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
League's Montreal Alouettes, was ruled out due to the prohibitive cost of expanding it and adding a dome, as well as doubts that the city even had the right to make the needed renovations to the federally-owned facility.
By August 1968, the NL owners had grown increasingly concerned about the unresolved... | 3,535 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
home for the Expos, at a cost of over C$1 million.
Several options for a team name were considered: "Royals" was a popular option with fans, but the name had already been taken by the Kansas City Royals. Other names considered included "Voyageurs" and "Nationals". The team settled on "Expos", a name wit... | 3,536 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
played its first home game—and the first Major League game outside the United States—on April 14; it was an 8–7 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals before 29,184 fans at Jarry Park Stadium. Three days later, on April 17, Bill Stoneman pitched the first no-hitter in Expos history with a 7–0 victory over ... | 3,537 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
in .
The team's best player, and first star, in its early seasons was Rusty Staub. Acquired from the Houston Astros in a trade prior to the Expos' inaugural season, he led the Expos with 30 home runs in 1970 and, owing to his red hair, was nicknamed "Le Grand Orange". Staub was Montreal's lone represent... | 3,538 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
named National League Rookie of the Year. Bill Stoneman threw his second no-hitter, and the first pitched outside the United States, in a 7–0 win over the Mets in Montreal on October 2, 1972.
The team failed to post a winning season in its first ten years and finished fifth or sixth in the six-team NL E... | 3,539 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
not the only concern for the Expos. Jarry Park was only intended to serve as a temporary home until 1971 at the latest. Even allowing for this, it left much to be desired as a baseball venue. The grandstands were completely exposed to the elements, forcing the Expos to postpone a number of early-season g... | 3,540 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the separatist Parti Québécois (PQ) won a majority government in the 1976 Quebec election. The Parti Québécois did win the election; however, Bronfman and the Expos remained in Quebec.
## The Big O and Blue Monday (1977–1981).
For the season, the Expos moved into their new ballpark, Olympic Stadium, si... | 3,541 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the Expos to begin selling 1977 season tickets under the assumption they would have to play at Jarry. However, an agreement was finally reached in early 1977. A total of 57,592 fans attended Montreal's opening day 7–2 loss to Philadelphia.
The new facility was a significant upgrade, although weather-rel... | 3,542 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
white elephant. On the field, the Expos continued to fare poorly; the team won 75 games in 1977, and 76 in .
Though the losing seasons mounted, the Expos built a solid core of players, led by Gary Carter, who went on to become one of baseball's best hitting catchers, pitcher Steve Rogers and outfielders... | 3,543 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
titles in 1972 and 1973. In , Montreal had its first winning season in franchise history; in mid-July, the Expos led the NL East by 6.5 games, before finishing second to the Pittsburgh Pirates by two games with a 95–65 record. The fans responded: Montreal drew two million fans for the first time in franc... | 3,544 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Series champion.
In , Charlie Lea pitched the third no-hitter in franchise history. He defeated the San Francisco Giants by a 4–0 score on May 10, 1981. The Expos were in third place in the NL East with a 30–25 record when the season was halted for two months by a players' strike. By the time the strike... | 3,545 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
record with 15 games left to play. Montreal won 11 of the remaining games and finished in first place, a 1/2 game ahead of the Pittsburgh Pirates, thereby qualifying for the franchise's first post-season berth. Terry Francona caught the final out – a fly ball hit by Dave Kingman – to seal a 5–4 victory o... | 3,546 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Rogers pitched a complete-game shutout as Montreal advanced to the 1981 National League Championship Series with a 3–0 win. Facing the Los Angeles Dodgers, Montreal split the first two games of the best-of-five series in Los Angeles before returning home for the final three games. Montreal won game three... | 3,547 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
batters before facing Rick Monday. What followed was the defining moment in Expos history: on a 3–1 count, Rogers hung a sinking fastball that Monday hit over the centrefield fence for the game-winning and series-clinching home run. The moment, and game, became known to Expos fans as "Blue Monday". The d... | 3,548 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the age of 23, and was hailed as "the team of the '80s". When Montreal hosted the 1982 Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 13, 1982, Expos fans voted four of their own into the starting lineup: Carter, Dawson, Raines and Rogers, while Al Oliver was named as a reserve. It was only the second time ... | 3,549 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Expos were widely predicted to win the NL East in ; "Sports Illustrated", "Baseball Digest" and "The Sporting News" were among the publications that favoured Montreal. However, the team disappointed. Montreal finished third in the division with 86 wins. The Expos replaced Fanning with Bill Virdon in , an... | 3,550 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
hits to Ty Cobb, to a one-year contract in . Rose reached a career milestone in Montreal's home opener by recording the 4,000th hit of his career in a 5–1 victory over Philadelphia on April 13. Though players and management had praised the acquisition of Rose and predicted he would help the team win the ... | 3,551 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
a major trade following the season, sending Gary Carter to the New York Mets on December 10, 1984, in exchange for four players. In trading Carter, the Expos gave up a team icon who, like Rusty Staub before him, endeared himself to the fans by learning French and being one of the most accessible players ... | 3,552 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
free agents down. Dawson, who should have been one of the most valuable free agents on the market that year, discovered that not only was there little interest in signing him, but that the Expos were publicly commenting about his knee problems in an effort to further drive interest down. Angered by these... | 3,553 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
he earned in 1986, Raines returned to the Expos on a three-year, $5 million contract. He had one of the best seasons of his career in 1987, leading the NL with 123 runs (in 139 games), stealing 50 bases, batting .330 and hitting 18 home runs. He was also named the most valuable player of the 1987 Major L... | 3,554 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
of players. The team struggled to attract free agents to Montreal, and Bronfman had grown disillusioned with both the business of baseball and the challenge of drawing fans to Olympic Stadium for a middling ball club. He hoped to take one more chance at winning a title, however, and in , the Expos made a... | 3,555 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
collapsed. The Expos finished fourth in the division with an 81–81 record, and Langston left Montreal as a free agent.
Bronfman grew increasingly uneasy about the reckless spending of his fellow team owners, increased strife with the players, and overall direction of MLB. According to then-team presiden... | 3,556 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
$135 million and relocate it to Miami; however, Bronfman viewed a relocation as a last resort. Instead, Brochu opted to lead a group himself. The city and the province agreed to fund $33 million of the $100 million sales price Bronfman had settled on, after which he and partner Jacques Ménard convinced 1... | 3,557 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
providing additional funding.
With a new ownership group in place, the Expos traded Tim Raines to the Chicago White Sox in a five-player deal.
General manager David Dombrowski fired manager Buck Rodgers, who had managed the team since 1985, after the team started the 1991 season with a 20–29 record, re... | 3,558 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
call of "El Presidente, El Perfecto!" following the final out became a hallmark of Expos lore. Martinez's catcher, Ron Hassey, also caught Len Barker's perfect game ten years earlier and remains the only player to catch two perfect games in MLB history. The euphoria of the pitching feats did not last, as... | 3,559 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
by engineers in November, it took longer to get one for the roof since it had been badly ripped in a June windstorm. Ultimately, it was decided to keep the roof closed at all times; it had only been opened 88 times in a little more than four years.
The Expos finished 1991 with a 71–90 record, sixth in t... | 3,560 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
to manager during the season and became the first native of the Dominican Republic to manage a Major League Baseball team. In , DeShields was sent to Los Angeles in exchange for Pedro Martínez; the deal was initially pilloried by the "Montreal Gazette" and other local publications as a move designed to s... | 3,561 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
West Division champion Atlanta Braves were shifted to the East. Atlanta opened the season with 13 wins in 14 games, and quickly opened up an -game lead on Montreal. By late June, the Expos had moved to games back when they hosted the Braves. Montreal won two out of three games in the series, including a ... | 3,562 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
three. For the second time in team history, five players were named all-stars: Moisés Alou, Wil Cordero, Darrin Fletcher, Marquis Grissom and Ken Hill.
An offense led by Marquis Grissom, Moises Alou, Larry Walker and Wil Cordero scored more than 5 runs per game. With a record of 74–40, on pace for a 106... | 3,563 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
to agree to revenue sharing unless a salary cap was put in place, something which the Major League Baseball Players' Association (MLBPA) adamantly opposed. Unable to come to an agreement, the owners attempted to unilaterally force their system into effect, prompting the players to walk out. Most of the p... | 3,564 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
negotiated cap. But when the strike ended eight months later, by the order of United States federal judge Sonia Sotomayor, the failure to implement strong revenue sharing was a major blow to the Expos. The team had already built a reputation as a penny-pinching organization (Larry Walker once complained ... | 3,565 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Brochu argued that the fire sale was the only viable option, since his partners in the ownership group were not interested in financing the team's losses. Brochu estimated that had he tried to keep the 1994 team together, the Expos would have lost $25 million in 1995, which would have pushed the franchis... | 3,566 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
that they all had to be off the roster by the deadline for salary arbitration—even though this made it all but impossible to get any leverage in possible deals. As a result, the Expos got almost nothing in return.
## Decline (1995–2000).
The strike and ensuing fire sale left fans in Montreal livid. The... | 3,567 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Keri expressed the viewpoint of the fans as it related to Brochu and the team's owners: "Expos fans couldn't help but wonder if that could have been "them" celebrating every year ... had Brochu convinced the team's cheapskate owners to spend a few damn dollars, or taken a leap of faith that short-term fi... | 3,568 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the strike, though, Montreal's fan base continued to erode. Even with the loss of most of their best players, the Expos were competitive in , achieving second place in the NL East with an 88–74 record. The team fared poorly in the following five seasons, however, finishing with a losing record in each ye... | 3,569 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
salary purge.
As the 1990s wore on, interest in the Expos dwindled to the point that they were barely part of Montreal's sports landscape. Alou recalled in the latter part of the decade, an old friend of his who owned a team in the Dominican Republic came to Montreal for a visit and couldn't find any do... | 3,570 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the Expos would not have been in this position had a better-financed "champion" with the resources and the patience to shepherd the team through the 1990s bought the team.
Brochu attempted to convince his partners that the only long-term solution to keep the Expos in Montreal was to replace Olympic Stad... | 3,571 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
of $250 million and an anticipated opening date of 2001. It would have been a retro-classic park with a facade reminiscent of historic Bonaventure Station. According to a Montreal Gazette editorial supporting the new park, Brochu's threat to move the team unless Olympic Stadium was replaced was "simple l... | 3,572 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
anonymous tips to the French press to make internal discord between Brochu and his partners public. Attendance continued to fall, decreasing by 39 percent in to an average of 11,295 spectators per game. It was the first of five consecutive seasons in which Montreal drew fewer than one million fans. One o... | 3,573 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
media. Brochu was also accused of having a secret deal with MLB commissioner Bud Selig to relocate the Expos to Washington, D. C., charges he denied in a spring press conference held to answer the accusations of his partners. Brochu's rebuttals fell on deaf ears as fans sided with the consortium's smear ... | 3,574 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
as he called it, "business as usual"—was over. He promised to rebuild the Expos with "a winning attitude and winning players" in an effort to bring the team back to where it had been only six years earlier. To that end, he drafted a new partnership agreement that gave him the right to call for cash inves... | 3,575 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
than contribute more money, the minority partners proposed trading Guererro. Loria instantly vetoed this suggestion.
As Loria increased his own financial contribution over the next two years, most of the other partners failed to do likewise, which resulted in Loria raising his share in the franchise to ... | 3,576 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
immediately in order to win back the fans' trust, rather than relying on long-term improvements via the draft. Even with the team's renewed willingness to spend more on talent, most elite players were reluctant to play in Montreal, given the franchise's uncertain future and Olympic Stadium's poor playing... | 3,577 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Stevens only batted .265. The Expos lost 95 games. Interest in the team continued to decline, as both fans and businesses were unwilling to lend their support to a noncompetitive team.
Loria continued to pursue the construction of a new ballpark. He sought support from Major League Baseball, the Quebec ... | 3,578 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
funding, in reality no agreement had been reached.
To bolster the team's finances, Loria tried to renegotiate the Expos' broadcasting deals, which were far less valuable than that of any other team. He broke off negotiations with The Sports Network, the largest English-language cable sports network in C... | 3,579 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
in which the team paid for the airtime. The Alouettes and Canadiens had similar arrangements, which was considered highly unusual for the time.
Although the team continued its French radio coverage on the Telemedia network—whose flagship, CKAC, had carried the Expos since 1973—the Expos were unable to r... | 3,580 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
sabotage. In truth, though, according to longtime Montreal sportscaster Mitch Melnick, there was no anglophone radio for the 2000 season "because nobody wanted to pay for it." Years later, Samson said that he had initially hoped that if the Expos got off to a hot start, local broadcasters would initiate ... | 3,581 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
that Loria had planned his moves to force them out. When pleas to Selig and MLB officials fell on deaf ears, the group became convinced that Selig and Loria had conspired to force the Expos out of Montreal. At the same time, MLB took steps to vote on contraction, with the Expos and the Minnesota Twins sl... | 3,582 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
As MLB was unable to find another candidate for contraction, the immediate threat for the Expos diminished, as MLB needed to keep an even number of teams to maintain its schedule.
Shortly afterward, Loria sold the Expos to MLB and used the money he received from the sale to purchase the Florida Marlins ... | 3,583 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the Expos' computers and scouting reports. His departure also marked the final end of the proposed Labatt Park, though any realistic chance of the park being built ended when the Bouchard government repeated its previous refusal to commit any public money to the project.
MLB appointed former Anaheim Ang... | 3,584 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
situation. He was hired only 72 hours before the start of spring training, and there were only six other employees in baseball operations; most of the others had either followed Loria to the Marlins or taken jobs with other clubs. As the Expos began what many assumed at the time to be their final season ... | 3,585 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) lawsuit against Major League Baseball, Selig and Loria. The partners contended that Loria and the commissioner's office had conspired to deprive them of their shares by issuing cash calls, and thus deliberately undermined the franchise's future ... | 3,586 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
for a last-ditch post season drive. Operating under the belief that the Expos were playing their last season in Montreal, Minaya completed a blockbuster trade with the Cleveland Indians in late June to make a final run at bringing post-season success to the city, acquiring Bartolo Colón, one of baseball'... | 3,587 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
made several smaller moves, but the team lost its early-season momentum; they went seven games under .500 in July and August. The Expos finished with an 83–79 record – their first winning season since 1996 – but finished second in the NL East, 19 games out of both the division lead and the wild card.
Th... | 3,588 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
22 of its 81 home games in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Expos again found themselves in contention for the playoffs: on August 29, the team was tied with four other clubs for the National League Wild Card spot. When MLB's rosters expanded on September 1, Selig announced that the Expos would not be recallin... | 3,589 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the wild card spot. Later, Minaya said that the denial of the September call-ups was "a message to the players" and "a momentum killer." Keri later wrote that MLB's refusal to authorize the September call-ups eroded what goodwill the Expos still had among the Montreal fanbase. After the season, Guererro ... | 3,590 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
for the season. That same night, the team played its final game in Montreal: a 9–1 loss before 31,395 fans. The team then played its final games as the Expos on the road, ending on October 3 against the New York Mets, the team they had faced in the franchise's inaugural game in 1969. In the Expos last-ev... | 3,591 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
in 2002, is the last active former Montreal Expos player in the major leagues.
# Team identity.
The Expos logo consists of the stylized letters "eb", which stands for "Expos Baseball". When taken as a whole, the logo forms a large "M", representing "Montreal".
In 1972, the Telemedia radio network brou... | 3,592 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
equivalent. Through their efforts, a French language baseball lexicon was created: words like "home run" became "" and "hit" became "". A knuckleball became "", literally "butterfly ball".
## Youppi!
The Expos introduced their first mascot during the 1978 season. Called "Souki", the mascot resembled Mr... | 3,593 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Erickson, who created the Phanatic as well as several Muppets characters, including Miss Piggy. The team named the new mascot "Youppi!", which is French for "Yippee!" Unlike Souki, Youppi! was immediately popular with fans upon its introduction in 1979, particularly children, and the mascot became a fixt... | 3,594 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
the mascot out of the game. Youppi! was eventually allowed to return on the provision he remained away from the Dodgers' dugout. The game, coincidentally, was the longest in Expos history as Los Angeles won 1–0 in 22 innings.
The relocation of the Expos to Washington left Youppi! in limbo. Several organ... | 3,595 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
Blue Jays joined the American League as an expansion franchise in 1977, and one year later, met the Expos for the first time in an exhibition contest, the first of an annual series that became known as the Pearson Cup. The Expos won that first game, 5–4, in front of 20,221 fans on June 29. Eight annual e... | 3,596 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
McHale, then president of the Expos, was a strong proponent of adding a second Major League team in Toronto. The Expos remained Canada's most popular team until their mid-1980s downturn coincided with the Blue Jays' improvement, culminating in the Jays' first American League East pennant in 1985. At the ... | 3,597 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
would limit the team's fan base. As a part of the territorial changes, MLB allowed the Expos to air 15 games in the Jays' television market for free, and purchase the rights to air additional games. For the remainder of their existence, the Expos only had full broadcast rights in Quebec and Atlantic Cana... | 3,598 |
20153 | Montreal Expos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montreal%20Expos | Montreal Expos
poor business decisions" over the years, made it difficult for the Expos to be viable in Montreal. Longtime Expos play-by-play broadcaster Dave Van Horne later argued that the loss of badly-needed corporate support "really started a long, downward spiral" for the team.
Regardless of their disagreements ... | 3,599 |
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