wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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74678 | Playoffs | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Playoffs | Playoffs
ferences was reduced from four to three—Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, with the Argentine team joining the South Africa conference and the Japanese team joining the Australia conference. The playoff will remain at eight teams, with the three conference winners joined by five "wildcards", specifically... | 38,800 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
Jodhpur district
Jodhpur District is a district in the State of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jodhpur is the administrative headquarters of the district.
As of the 2011 census, it is the second highest populated district of Rajasthan (out of 33), after Jaipur district.
Jodhpur is the histo... | 38,801 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
of Rajasthan in western India. [The district is bounded on the north by Bikaner District, on the northeast by Nagaur District, on the southeast and south by Pali District, on the southwest by Barmer District, and on the west and northwest by Jaisalmer District. The district stretches between 26 00’ and... | 38,802 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
Osian tehsil, land surface of the district is nearly flat and sandy. Luni is the only important river in the district, it enters Jodhpur district near Bilara and flows for a distance of over 75 km. before entering in Barmer district.
# Economy.
## Tourism.
Jodhpur is famous for its rich history. It ... | 38,803 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
the 2001 census, there were five sub-divisions in the district and seven tehsils. For ease of administration, there were four sub-tehsils (Upa-tehsils): Balesar, Bap, Jhanwar and Tinwari. Balesar and Bap has local councils (panchayat samiti).
As of 2011, there were seven sub-divisions in the district ... | 38,804 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
Demographics.
According to the 2011 census Jodhpur district has a population of 3,685,681, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 73rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over th... | 38,805 |
3807475 | Jodhpur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jodhpur%20district | Jodhpur district
(1926–2014) Politician and Jat leader.
- Jai Narayan Vyas (1899–1963) 3rd CM of Rajasthan.
- Narayan Singh Manaklao (born 1942) Social worker.
- Ashok Gehlot (born 1951) 12th CM of Rajasthan.
- Chitrangada Singh (born 1976) Bollywood Actress.
- Jaswant Singh Bishnoi
- Narayan Singh Bhati
- Gajen... | 38,806 |
3807509 | Sídlisko Ťahanovce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sídlisko%20Ťahanovce | Sídlisko Ťahanovce
Sídlisko Ťahanovce
Sídlisko Ťahanovce ([pronunciation: 'seedlisko 'tyahano-utse], literally: "Ťahanovce Housing Estate", ) is a borough (city ward) of Košice, Slovakia.
Construction of the microdistrict began in May 1985. Today there are more than 22,000 people living in Sídlisko Ťahanovce (1/10 of... | 38,807 |
3807509 | Sídlisko Ťahanovce | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sídlisko%20Ťahanovce | Sídlisko Ťahanovce
l 1969. The first written record about Ťahanovce dates back to 1263. Today it is home to approximately 2,000 (prevailingly elder) people, while the Sídlisko Ťahanovce borough has ten times the population, mainly thanks to its large housing estate.
# Statistics.
- Area:
- Population: 22,640 (Decemb... | 38,808 |
3807523 | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government%20of%20Balochistan,%20Pakistan | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
The Government of Balochistan () is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The head of the province is the Governor, who is nominated by the President of Pakistan. The chief executive of the Government of Balochistan is the Chief Min... | 38,809 |
3807523 | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government%20of%20Balochistan,%20Pakistan | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
the north and Punjab and Sindh to the east. To the south is the Arabian Sea. The principal languages in the province are Balochi, Pashto, Brahui, and Persian.
# Personnel.
- Governor Balochistan: Amanullah Khan Yasinzai
- Chief Minister: Jam Kamal Khan
- Chief Secretary Balochist... | 38,810 |
3807523 | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government%20of%20Balochistan,%20Pakistan | Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
s. The Provincial Secretaries are headed by Chief Secretary Balochistan. Presently there are 47 Ministers who look after 27 Departments.
- Government of Balochistan - District Database
- Finance Department
- Planning & Development Department
# Legislature.
Balochistan's provinci... | 38,811 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic premise – to identify which of two or more horses is th... | 38,812 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
gaits.
While horses are sometimes raced purely for sport, a major part of horse racing's interest and economic importance is in the gambling associated with it, an activity that in 2008 generated a worldwide market worth around US$115 billion.
# History.
Horse racing has a long and distinguished history... | 38,813 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Roman and Byzantine sports. Both chariot and mounted horse racing were events in the ancient Greek Olympics by 648 BC and were important in the other Panhellenic Games. It continued although chariot racing was often dangerous to both driver and horse, which frequently suffered serious injury and even death... | 38,814 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Thoroughbred racing became, and remains, popular with aristocrats and royalty of British society, earning it the title "Sport of Kings".
Historically, equestrians honed their skills through games and races. Equestrian sports provided entertainment for crowds and displayed the excellent horsemanship needed... | 38,815 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
that would otherwise have disappeared after horses stopped being used in combat.
In Britain, horse racing became well-established in the 18th century. King Charles II (reigned 1649 to 1685) was an avid sportsman who gave Newmarket its prominence. By 1750 the Jockey Club was formed to control the Newmarket... | 38,816 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
rising towns. The system of wagering was essential to the funding and the growth of the industry, and all classes participated from the poor to royalty. High society was in control, and they made a special effort to keeping the riff-raff out and the criminal element away from the wagering. With real money ... | 38,817 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
track.
- Jump racing, or Jumps racing, also known as Steeplechasing or, in the UK and Ireland, National Hunt racing, where horses race over obstacles.
- Harness racing, where horses trot or pace while pulling a driver in a sulky.
- Saddle Trotting, where horses must trot from a starting point to a finis... | 38,818 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Jump racing breeds include the Thoroughbred and AQPS. In harness racing, Standardbreds are used in Australia, New Zealand and North America, when in Europe, Russian and French Trotter are used with Standardbred. Light cold blood horses, such as Finnhorses and Scandinavian coldblood trotter are also used in... | 38,819 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Windsor and tracks with often severe gradients and changes of camber, such as Epsom Racecourse. Track surfaces vary, with turf most common in Europe, dirt more common in North America and Asia, and newly designed synthetic surfaces, such as Polytrack or Tapeta, seen at some tracks.
Individual flat races a... | 38,820 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
while long distance races are seen as a test of stamina. The most prestigious flat races in the world, such as the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Melbourne Cup, Japan Cup, Epsom Derby, Kentucky Derby and Dubai World Cup, are run over distances in the middle of this range and are seen as tests of both speed and... | 38,821 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
on its ability. Beside the weight they carry, horses' performance can also be influenced by position relative to the inside barrier (post position), gender, jockey, and training.
## Jump racing.
Jump (or jumps) racing in Great Britain and Ireland is known as National Hunt racing (although, confusingly, N... | 38,822 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
horses progress to bigger obstacles and longer distances as they get older, so that a European jumps horse will tend to start in National Hunt flat races as a juvenile, move on to hurdling after a year or so, and then, if thought capable, move on to steeplechasing.
## Harness racing.
A type of racing whe... | 38,823 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
their gait into an actual canter or gallop. This could cause the loss of a race or even a disqualification. Notable races include the Breeder’s Crown series.
## Saddle trot racing.
Ridden trot races are more common in places such as Europe and New Zealand. These horses are trotters who race on the flat u... | 38,824 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
trail rides (21–27 miles), competitive trail rides (20–45 miles), progressive trail rides (25–60 miles), and endurance rides (40–100 miles in one day, up to in multiple days). Because each race is very long, trails of natural terrain are generally used.
Contemporary organized endurance racing began in Cal... | 38,825 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Breeds.
In most horse races, entry is restricted to certain breeds; that is, the horse must have a sire (father) and a dam (mother) who are studbook-approved individuals of whatever breed is racing. For example, in a normal harness race, the horse's sire and dam must both be pure Standardbreds. The except... | 38,826 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
the most common Appendix cross), two parents that are registered Appendix Quarter Horses, or one parent that is a Quarter Horse and one parent that is an Appendix Quarter Horse. AQHA also issues a "Racing Register of Merit," which allows a horse to race on Quarter Horse tracks, but not be considered a Quar... | 38,827 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
the "Australian Stud Book" and "Thoroughbred Heritage".
## Thoroughbred.
There are three founding sires that all Thoroughbreds can trace back to in the male line: the Darley Arabian, the Godolphin Arabian, and the Byerley Turk, named after their respective owners Thomas Darley, Lord Godolphin, and Captai... | 38,828 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
medium distances at fast paces, requiring a balance between speed and endurance. Thoroughbreds may be bay, black, dark bay/brown, chestnut, gray, roan, white or palomino. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are allowed in the Thoroughbred breed, however cloning has not yet been approved.
## Standa... | 38,829 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Arabian horse was developed by the Bedouin people of the Middle East specifically for stamina over long distances, so they could outrun their enemies. It was not until 1725 that the Arabian was introduced into the United States. Arabians appeared in the United States in colonial times, though were not bred... | 38,830 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
of time. Also, the muscles of the Arabian are not nearly as massive as those of the Quarter Horse, which allow it to travel longer distances at quicker speeds. The Arabian is primarily used today in endurance racing, but is also raced over traditional race tracks in many countries.
Arabian Horse Racing is... | 38,831 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
this time, they were mainly used for chores such as plowing and cattle work. The American Quarter Horse was not recognized as an official breed until the formation of the American Quarter Horse Association in 1940.
In order to be successful in racing, Quarter Horses need to be able to propel themselves fo... | 38,832 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
meters, or one quarter of a mile, would be laid instead. It became the standard racing distance for Quarter Horses and inspired their name. With the exception of the longer, distance contests, Quarter Horse races are run flat out, with the horses running at top speed for the duration. There is less jockeyi... | 38,833 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Korean Jeju.
## Horse breeds and muscle structure.
Muscles are bundles of contractile fibers that are attached to bones by tendons. These bundles have different types of fibers within them, and horses have adapted over the years to produce different amounts of these fibers.
### Type 1.
Type I muscle fi... | 38,834 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
and the slow-twitch fibers. They allow the muscles to generate both speed and endurance. Thoroughbreds possess more type II-a muscle fibers than Quarter Horses or Arabians. This type of fiber allows them to propel themselves forward at great speeds and maintain it for an extended distance.
Type II-b fiber... | 38,835 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
therefore, genetics must be considered when constructing a conditioning plan. A horse's fitness plan must be coordinated properly in order to prevent injury or lameness. If these are to occur, they may negatively affect a horse's willingness to learn. Sprinting exercises are appropriate for training two-ye... | 38,836 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
flat races are run on surfaces of either dirt, synthetic or turf. Other tracks offer Quarter Horse racing and Standardbred racing, on combinations of these three types of racing surfaces. Racing of other breeds, such as Arabian horse racing, is found on a limited basis. American Thoroughbred races are run ... | 38,837 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York. This first racing meet in North America was supervised by New York's colonial governor, Richard Nicolls. The area is now occupied by the present Nassau County, New York, region of Greater Westbury and East Garden City. The South Westbury section is still known as ... | 38,838 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
tracks operating in the United States by 1890; and in 1894, the American Jockey Club was formed.
The Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds is the oldest remaining horse racing track in America, dating back to 1858, when it was founded by the sons of the Spaniard Don Agustin Be... | 38,839 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
recently opened tracks include Remington Park, Oklahoma City, opened in 1988, and Lone Star Park in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex, opened in 1997; the latter track hosted the prestigious Breeders' Cup series of races in 2004.
Thoroughbred horse racing in the United States has its own Hall of Fame in Sar... | 38,840 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
weeks after the Preakness at Belmont Park on Long Island, form the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing for three-year-olds. They are all held early in the year, throughout May and the beginning of June. In recent years the Breeders' Cup races, run at the end of the year, have challenged the Triple Crown ev... | 38,841 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
also a Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers and a Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters.
For Arabians, there is the Arabian Triple Crown, consisting of Drinkers of the Wind Derby in California, the Texas Six Shooter Stakes, and the Bob Magness Derby in Delaware.
American betting on horse racin... | 38,842 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
and the type of wager that is placed. One form of parimutuel gaming is Instant Racing, in which players bet on video replays of races.
Advanced Deposit Wagering is a form of gambling on the outcome of horse races in which the bettor must fund his or her account before being allowed to place bets. ADW is o... | 38,843 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
in 1964 went on to become the most successful Thoroughbred sire of the twentieth century; his two-minute-flat Derby was the fastest on record until Secretariat in 1973. The only challenger to his title of greatest Canadian horse would be his son Nijinsky II, who is the last horse to win the English Triple ... | 38,844 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
important Grade I races worth C$1,000,000 each, and have been won by many renowned horses such as Secretariat and Wise Dan respectively. Other key races include Woodbine Oaks (1956), Prince of Wales Stakes (1929), Breeders' Stakes (1889) and Canadian Derby (1930).
## Europe.
### Belgium.
Horse racing in... | 38,845 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
steeplechase, has been run since 1874. However, the first official race was organized back in 1816 by Emperor Francis II near Kladruby nad Labem. The Czech horse racing season usually starts at the beginning of April and ends some time in November. Racing takes place mostly at weekends and there is usually... | 38,846 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
a prize of 4 million Euros (approximately US$5.2 million). Other major races include the Grand Prix de Paris, the Prix du Jockey Club (the French Derby) and the Prix de Diane. Besides Longchamp, France's other premier flat racecourses include Chantilly and Deauville. There is also a smaller but nevertheles... | 38,847 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
of Derby, The Derby was first run in 1780. The race serves as the middle leg of the British Triple Crown, preceded by the 2000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger. The name "Derby" has since become synonymous with great races all over the world, and as such has been borrowed many times in races abroad.
T... | 38,848 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
governed on an All-Ireland basis.
### Greece.
Despite having an ancient tradition with well-documented history, all racetracks in Greece have ceased operation due to the Greek government-debt crisis.
### Hungary.
Hungary has a long-standing horse racing tradition. The first horse racing in Pest was not... | 38,849 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
group races in Germany and Italy, and finished fourth in the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot.
### Ireland.
Ireland has a rich history of horse racing; point to pointing originated there, and even today, jump racing is more popular than racing on the flat. As a result, every year Irish horse racing fan... | 38,850 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
U.S. and Australia).
In recent years, various Irish bred and trained horses achieved victory in one or more of the British 2000 Guineas, The Derby and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, considered the three most prestigious races in Europe. In the six runnings of the Epsom Derby between 2008 and 2013, Irish h... | 38,851 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
crisis, culminating in its 2014 expulsion from the European Pattern.
### Netherlands.
In Wassenaar in the Hague there is a grass course at Duindigt.
### Poland.
Horse racing in Poland can be dated to 1777, when a horse owned by Polish noble Kazimierz Rzewuski beat the horse of the English chargé d'affa... | 38,852 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
during the Communist era, when gambling, the major source of funding, was made illegal.
## Oceania.
### Australia.
Horse racing in Australia was founded during the early years of settlement and the industry has grown to be among the top three leading Thoroughbred racing nations of the world. The world-f... | 38,853 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
was Phar Lap (bred in New Zealand), who raced from 1928 to 1932. Phar Lap carried to win the 1930 Melbourne Cup. Australian steeplechaser Crisp is remembered for his battle with Irish champion Red Rum in the 1973 Grand National. In 2003–2005 the mare Makybe Diva (bred in Great Britain) became the only race... | 38,854 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Inter Dominion Championships, making him the only horse to complete this feat in Australasia's premier harness race.
Competitive endurance riding commenced in Australia in 1966, when the Tom Quilty Gold Cup was first held in the Hawkesbury district, near Sydney, New South Wales. The Quilty Cup is consider... | 38,855 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
conducted before, during and after the competition, in which the horses' welfare is of the utmost concern.
### New Zealand.
Racing is a long-established sport in New Zealand, stretching back to colonial times.
Horse racing is a significant part of the New Zealand economy which in 2004 generated 1.3% of ... | 38,856 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
harness clubs licensed in New Zealand. Racecourses are situated in 59 locations throughout New Zealand.
The bloodstock industry is important to New Zealand, with the export sale of horses – mainly to Australia and Asia – generating more than $120 million a year. During the 2008–09 racing season 19 New Zea... | 38,857 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
1968, the first harness horse to surpass that milestone in American history.
## Africa.
### Mauritius.
On 25 June 1812, the Champ de Mars Racecourse was inaugurated by The Mauritius Turf Club which was founded earlier in the same year by Colonel Edward A. Draper. The Champ de Mars is situated on a prest... | 38,858 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
the organisation of races over the last decades preserving the unique electrifying ambiance prevailing on race days at the Champ de Mars.
Members of the British Royal Family, such as Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Margaret or the Queen Mother have attended or patroned races at the Champ de Mars numerous tim... | 38,859 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
place five years later in 1802. The national horse racing body is known as the National Horseracing Authority and was founded in 1882. The premier event, which attracts 50,000 people to Durban, is the Durban July Handicap, which has been run since 1897 at Greyville Racecourse. It is the largest and most pr... | 38,860 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Asia.
### China.
Horse racing in one form or another has been a part of Chinese culture for millennia. Horse racing was a popular pastime for the aristocracy at least by the Zhou Dynasty - 4th century B.C. General Tian Ji's strategem for a horse race remains perhaps the best known story about horse racin... | 38,861 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
and the racecourses of Tianjin. The Kiang-wan racecourse was destroyed in the lead-up to the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Shanghai Race Club closed in 1954. The former Shanghai Racecourse is now People's Square and People's Park and the former club building was the Shanghai Art Museum.
As Hong Kong an... | 38,862 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
in the National Games of China, mainly introduced to cater for minority peoples, such as the Mongols. The race course was initially 5 km, but from 2005 (the 10th National Games) was extended to 12 km. The longer race led to deaths and injuries to participating horses in both 2005 and the 11th National Game... | 38,863 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
with Inner Mongolia winning bronze. As a result of these factors, the event was abolished for the 12th National Games in 2013.
Club horse racing reappeared on a small scale in the 1990s. In 2008, the China Speed Horse Race Open in Wuhan was organized as the qualification round for the speed horse race eve... | 38,864 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Games and the government not relenting from the ban on commercial racing, various racecourses built in recent years are all in a state of disuse: The Nanjing Racecourse, which previously hosted National Games equestrian events, is now used as a car park; the Beijing Jockey Club was shut down in 2008. The r... | 38,865 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Kong Jockey Club in 1884, the non-profit organisation conducts nearly 700 races every season at the two race tracks: in Happy Valley and Sha Tin.
All horses are imported since there is no breeding operation. The sport annually draws millions of dollars of tax revenue. Off-track betting is available from o... | 38,866 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
to the Members’ Enclosure. And also the charge for admission to the Members’ Enclosure is $2 per day. By comparing the lowest wage in 1929, we observe that the lowest wage is around $12 ( $0.4 per day) which has a large distance for the requirement enclosure. Therefore, we can observe that the race meeting... | 38,867 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
the Hong Kong Jockey Club is an old-fashioned government-protected monopoly; all other forms of gambling are illegal in this industry.
#### Hong Kong—Sweepstakes.
Sweeptakes were introduced in Hong Kong during the 1920s. There are three types of sweepstakes which are the Special Cash Sweeps, the Last Rac... | 38,868 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
could be purchased either at sweepstakes stations or from sweepstakes vendor throughout Hong Kong. With different number print on each sweepstake, one sweepstake is drawn and assigned, for each horse participating in the race, and the sweepstake attached to the winning horse would win the first prize. Like... | 38,869 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
horse races in 1989.
### India.
India's first racecourse was set up in Madras in 1777. Today India has nine racetracks operated by seven racing authorities.
### Japan.
Japan has two governing bodies that control its horseracing - the Japan Racing Association (JRA), and National Association of Racing (N... | 38,870 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Draft Racing).
Japan's top stakes races are run in the spring, autumn, and winter. These include the country's most prominent race - the Grade 1 Japan Cup, a 2,400 m (about 1½ mile) invitational turf race run every November at Tokyo Racecourse for a purse of ¥476 million (about US$5.6 million), currently ... | 38,871 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
remains to the present day as a gambling activity. There are three race courses in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Penang Turf Club, Perak Turf Club and Selangor Turf Club. Within and only within the turf clubs, betting on horse racing is a legal form of gambling. Racing in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is... | 38,872 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
it has its own Mongolian style of horse racing in which the horses run for at least a distance of 25 kilometers.
### Pakistan.
Horse races are held in Pakistan at four different clubs. In Lahore at Lahore Race Club, Rawalpindi at Chakri, in Karachi at Karachi Race Club and in Gujrat at Gujrat Race Club.
... | 38,873 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
one of the legal forms of gambling after independence. It remains a highly popular form of entertainment with the local Singaporean community to this day. Races are typically held on Friday evenings and Sundays at the Singapore Turf Club in Kranji. Horse racing has also left its mark in the naming of roads... | 38,874 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
rally. However, it wasn't until the 1920s that modern horse racing involving betting developed. The nation's first authorised club, the Chosun Racing Club, was established in 1922 and a year later, the pari-mutuel betting system was officially adopted for the first time.
The Korean War disrupted the devel... | 38,875 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
World Cup, an American race with a $12 million purse that held its first edition in 2017. The Dubai World Cup is once again the world’s richest horse race. The Pegasus World Cup had its purse reduced in 2019 to make room for a new turf race. Other races include the Dubai Kahayla Classic with a purse of US$... | 38,876 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Some of the most famous racers are Irineo Leguisamo, Vilmar Sanguinetti, Marina Lezcano, Jorge Valdivieso, Pablo Falero and Jorge Ricardo.
The Carlos Gardel's tango Por una cabeza is about horse racing, sport of which he was a known fan. Gardel was a good friend of Irineo Leguisamo, who is the most recogn... | 38,877 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
to a 1951 law. Where gambling is allowed, most tracks offer parimutuel betting where gamblers' money is pooled and shared proportionally among the winners once a deduction is made from the pool. In some countries, such as the UK, Ireland, and Australia, an alternative and more popular facility is provided ... | 38,878 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
Medicine at the University of North Carolina, co-authored a four-year-long study of jockey injuries and stated to the New York Times that "For every 1,000 jockeys you have riding [for one year], over 600 will have medically treated injuries." She added that almost 20% of these were serious head or neck inj... | 38,879 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
starts. There is speculation that drugs used in horse racing in the US which are banned elsewhere are responsible for the higher death rate in the US.
In the Canadian province of Ontario, a study of 1,709 racehorse deaths between 2003 and 2015 found that the majority of deaths were attributable to "damage... | 38,880 |
74711 | Horse racing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing | Horse racing
015 found that the majority of deaths were attributable to "damage during exercise to the horses' musculoskeletal system", including fractures, dislocations, and tendon ruptures. Mortality rates were eight times higher for thoroughbreds than standardbreds, and highest amongst young horses. The study also f... | 38,881 |
3807505 | Jimmy Blanckenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy%20Blanckenberg | Jimmy Blanckenberg
Jimmy Blanckenberg
James Manuel Blanckenberg (31 December 1892 – 1955) was a South African cricketer. A middle-order batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, Blanckenberg’s first-class career spanned the years 1912 to 1924. In a period interrupted by the First World War, he played with Western Prov... | 38,882 |
3807505 | Jimmy Blanckenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy%20Blanckenberg | Jimmy Blanckenberg
1921. And three times he surpassed 10 wickets in a match – 11 for 161 in that same match at Johannesburg in January 1921, Transvaal v Western Province; 10 for 102 at Newlands, Cape Town in March 1921, Western Province v Natal; and 10 for 74 at Northampton on the South African tour of England in July ... | 38,883 |
3807505 | Jimmy Blanckenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy%20Blanckenberg | Jimmy Blanckenberg
was 171 for Natal against his former team, Western Province, in December 1923. In this drawn match, he and A.W. Nourse (186) hit a partnership worth 291 runs.
Eighteen times Blanckenberg represented South Africa at Test level, his debut coming in December 1913 when J.W.H.T. Douglas led England to th... | 38,884 |
3807505 | Jimmy Blanckenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy%20Blanckenberg | Jimmy Blanckenberg
erally successfully on this last tour, taking 119 wickets in all matches at an average of 22.40, he failed against the better English batsmen and admitted that "he could not bowl well on turf wickets".
# References.
- 1. "World Cricketers – A Biographical Dictionary" by Christopher Martin-Jenkins, ... | 38,885 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
Auckland Zoo
Auckland Zoo is a zoological garden in Auckland, New Zealand, situated next to Western Springs park not far from Auckland's central business district. It is run by the Auckland Council with the Zoological Society of Auckland as a supporting organisation.
Auckland Zoo opened in 1922 experienc... | 38,886 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
but this practice ceased in 1964. In 1973 the zoo expanded into the adjacent Western Springs park. From the late 1980s to the present day, many old exhibits were phased out and replaced by modern enclosures. In 2011 the zoo opened its largest development, Te Wao Nui, which exhibits native New Zealand flora... | 38,887 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
Association (ZAA), and received ISO 14001 accreditation for its Environmental Management System in 2007.
# History & Major Events.
- Early history
In February 1911 businessman J.J. Boyd purchased 6 acres in Symonds Street, Onehunga for the purpose of establishing Auckland's first zoological facility. Bo... | 38,888 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
of Onehunga by Boyd. Finally a change in the By-laws by the Onehunga Borough Council forced Boyd to close the zoo in 1922. The Auckland City Council purchased the remainder of the animals, Boyd had not already sold to other individuals, as the basis for a group that would form the nucleus of the permanent ... | 38,889 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
zoo was well publicised and the public warmed to the zoo immediately.
The early zoo was a bleak and uninspiring place and had been founded with an initial fund of £10,000. However, in 1923, the staff quickly set about planting 5,000 trees and developing the grounds to a pleasant setting.
The council had ... | 38,890 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
1923 to acquire species for the newly formed zoo. What followed was an aggressive policy of expansion over the next few years, including the zoo's first animal star, the female Indian elephant, Jamuna, whose influence is still seen today by Jamuna plaza in the rear of the modern zoo. The zoo originally had... | 38,891 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
Mortality rates were still high and staff were struggling with a plague of rats but there was positive news as well. Some of the zoo's most popular enclosures were completed and people were still keen to donate animals. Perhaps most encouraging was that 25 mammals and 62 birds were born at the zoo in 1928.... | 38,892 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
three inches at the shoulder and was 13 years old. Rajah spent six years in Auckland before his keeper began to lose control of him and he was put down by the future director of the zoo Lt. Col. Sawer, (this was considered more humane than being chained up for the rest of his life). It transpired that Raja... | 38,893 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
Griffin, the original director, died in 1935 and his last report was an optimistic one. On the top of the list for a new director was Lt. Col. E. R. Sawer, one-time Director of Agriculture in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). Already in his mid-fifties, Col. Sawer was an advocate for the newish notion that zoological p... | 38,894 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
such as the apes, sea lions and camels had disappeared completely and the polar bears and South African animals were senile and aged. Sawer's report called for animals to be paired or the sharing of enclosures of animals in "mournful solitude". Sawer made sweeping changes with the overwhelming feeling bein... | 38,895 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
mortality in mammals. Sometimes the Colonel's remedies were miraculously effective. A tiger suffering from a cancerous intestinal sarcoma was successfully treated with massive doses of rhubarb and laxative. Much of the improvement came from attention to diet and supplements by providing food with vitamins ... | 38,896 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
leg injury. After 5 weeks in the hospital he could not continue his keeping duties but stayed at the zoo for a further 30 years as a gatekeeper.
This point is where Sawer is first seen to be at odds with the Council. He called for a clear objective for the zoo, attention to education, relaxation of import... | 38,897 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
and supplying zoo animals with food was low on the New Zealand Government's list of priorities. Due to these pressures, exhibits changed to more localised and rural representatives. The arrival of United States military personnel in June 1942 helped the zoo, especially because the personnel were quartered ... | 38,898 |
3807270 | Auckland Zoo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auckland%20Zoo | Auckland Zoo
the war ending, Auckland Zoo's problems did not evaporate. Zoos all over the world were looking to improve collections, and New Zealand's isolation was a deterrent to animal exporters. Additionally Wellington Zoo was getting favouritism from politicians, and Auckland was still not allowed to exhibit native... | 38,899 |
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