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74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
represent the pinnacle of achievement for each generation of horses. The structure and distances of these races, if not the exact names, have been adopted by many other European horse racing authorities, such as Ireland. Royal Ascot is the major flat racing festival in Europe and attracts ... | 39,000 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
both British and Irish trainers. The festival hosts races such as the Cheltenham Gold Cup and Champion Hurdle, which are seen as the peak of their disciplines and over the years have been won by horses whose appeal has transcended the sport, including Kauto Star and Desert Orchid. More wid... | 39,001 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
the "Racing Post", founded in 1986. This carries industry news, racecards for all British and Irish race meetings, tipping columns and betting information, as well as smaller sections on greyhound racing and general sport. There are also dedicated weekly publications including "Racing Plus... | 39,002 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
the "Sporting Life" and "Sporting Chronicle" were the two competing papers, before the Manchester-based Chronicle closed in 1983 due to debts and falling circulation. The "Racing Post" was founded in 1986 to fill the gap and challenge the "Sporting Life" monopoly that resulted and these tw... | 39,003 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
Times" and "The Sportsman" (not to be confused with the short-lived 2006 newspaper of the same name). In 1840, "Bell's Life" is reported to compete with the "Sunday Times" as the two weekly turf newspapers. There were also four monthly magazines at that time - the "Old Sporting Magazine" (... | 39,004 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
British digital television - Sky Sports Racing (free to air) and Racing TV (subscription only). Daily broadcasts of British race meetings are split between the two according to contracts arranged by racecourses and racecourse owning groups. Saturday racing and key midweek festival meetings... | 39,005 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
on ITV.
ITV had previously shown horse racing since its first weeks on air in 1955, and in the 1970s it provided an alternative to BBC coverage with the ITV Seven which featured as part of the channel's "World of Sport" programme. This lasted until the early 1980s, when coverage was gradu... | 39,006 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
the history of British horse racing, such as Red Rum winning his third Grand National and the 1967 victory of Foinavon in the same race after most of the field fell at the same fence.
Channel 4's covered the sport for more than 30 years. Initially it showed the midweek events which were p... | 39,007 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
Foremost among these for many years was the BBC's Sir Peter O'Sullevan, known as 'the voice of racing', who commentated on 50 Grand Nationals. Channel 4's most recognisable racing figure was John McCririck, famed for his eccentric dress sense and use of the bookmakers' sign language 'tic-t... | 39,008 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
tending to be sited wherever a significant number of people with disposable cash can be expected. At one point in the 1970s it was said that the ideal location was "close to a pub, the Labour Exchange and the Post Office", the first being a source of customers in a good mood, the other two... | 39,009 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
Ladbrokes and Corals were legally established on the high street. Previously betting was either on course, via certain credit betting offices, or illegally conducted often in or around public houses, with 'bookies runners' ferrying the bets from bookmaker to client.
Betting is taxed under... | 39,010 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
resulted in £103.5 million being collected.
Member of Parliament Clement Freud, who himself had owned racehorses, alleged in an article published in the 1970s, before his election to Parliament, that horse racing was organized purely to generate taxes. He cited the large number of otherwi... | 39,011 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
The tax, now based on gross profit, is now effectively indirectly levied on the punters, the cost being absorbed in the odds that bookmakers offer.
The last 10 years in the UK has seen massive growth in online gambling. Punters are now going online to place their bets, where technology gi... | 39,012 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
the owners, most of them aristocrats, had grooms ride the horses instead. Jockeys at this time were often scruffy and unkempt and not well-regarded. Nevertheless, several Yorkshire-based jockeys became acclaimed in the mid-to-late 18th century. These included John Mangle, Bill Pierse, John... | 39,013 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
to bring respectability to the profession" - Frank Buckle.
The 19th century was dominated by three jockeys - Nat Flatman, George Fordham and Fred Archer - who between them won forty flat jockeys' championships. With the expansion of print media and the growth of interest in horse racing a... | 39,014 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
figures dominate the flat racing scene of the 20th century too - Steve Donoghue, Gordon Richards and Lester Piggott. Richards is often regarded as the greatest jockey ever and set many records which still stand, including most flat race victories and most flat jockey championships. Piggott... | 39,015 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
at Ascot in 1997 and three jockeys' championships. Kieren Fallon was a regular champion around the turn of the century and still rides today, and younger jockeys to have won multiple championships include Ryan Moore, Jamie Spencer and Paul Hanagan. In recent years, Hayley Turner has come t... | 39,016 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
nationwide coverage as a result of the race.
The most-celebrated jumps jockey of all-time is the Northern Irishman Tony McCoy, winner of every Jumps Jockeys' Championship from 1995/96 until 2014/15 and the only horse racing figure to ever win the BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
He br... | 39,017 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
and gained tabloid fame in the late 1990s for his relationship with Zara Philips.
Former champion jump jockeys Dick Francis and John Francome have become known to a wider public after enjoying second careers as writers of racing-based fiction, while Francome (until the end of 2012) and Mi... | 39,018 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
on Group races. Operating in much larger numbers of runners, but with a greater spread of quality, are trainers such as Mark Johnston, Richard Hannon Jr. and Richard Fahey.
In the jumps sphere, Nicky Henderson and Paul Nicholls dominate, along with the likes of David Pipe, Philip Hobbs, J... | 39,019 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
to retain a stable of horses trained by the likes of Michael Stoute. The Queen Mother was famously keen on horse racing and a race at the Cheltenham Festival, the Queen Mother Champion Chase, is named in her honour.
The two most prominent flat owners of the current era are Sheikh Mohammed... | 39,020 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
in the 20th century, form expert and some time administrator of the sport, Phil Bull established Timeform whose ratings are often used to assess the all-time great horses.
# Key data.
Key data for 2004, 2005 and 2010 extracted from the British Horseracing Board's annual reports for 2004 ... | 39,021 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
in 2004 and 2005, to which the BHB attributes the fall in prize money in 2005. The data charges were themselves designed to replace income lost when a statutory levy was abolished. In 2004 attendances exceeded 6 million for the first time since the 1950s (2004 annual report). The decrease ... | 39,022 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
into care by the industries charity Retraining of Racehorses. Research conducted by the Equine Fertility Unit found that 66% of thoroughbred foals were never entered for a race, and more than 80% were no longer in training after four years. Foal production has increased threefold since 1... | 39,023 |
74724 | Horse racing in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horse%20racing%20in%20Great%20Britain | Horse racing in Great Britain
# See also.
- Horse racing in Ireland
- Horse racing in Scotland
- Horse racing in Wales
- List of significant families in British horse racing
- British flat racing Champion Jockey
- British jump racing Champion Jockey
# External links.
Organisations
- British Horseracing Authori... | 39,024 |
3807549 | George Tapscott | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Tapscott | George Tapscott
George Tapscott
George Lancelot 'Dusty' Tapscott (7 November 1889, in Barkly West, Cape Province – 13 December 1940, in Kimberley, South Africa) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1913. His brother, Lionel, also played Test cricket for South Africa and his sister Billie was a tenni... | 39,025 |
3807552 | New Nationalist Party (Fiji) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Nationalist%20Party%20(Fiji) | New Nationalist Party (Fiji)
New Nationalist Party (Fiji)
The New Nationalist Party was a Fijian political party with a strongly nationalist platform, arguing for the paramountcy of indigenous Fijian interests and of the Christian faith, professed by the great majority of indigenous Fijians but relatively few Indo-Fij... | 39,026 |
3807552 | New Nationalist Party (Fiji) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Nationalist%20Party%20(Fiji) | New Nationalist Party (Fiji)
Citizens of Indian descent would now be welcome to join the party, said party President Saula Telawa, and to contest the forthcoming election under its banner - provided that they were Christians. Aspiring candidates would need to submit references from a Fijian chief and their local pastor... | 39,027 |
3807552 | New Nationalist Party (Fiji) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New%20Nationalist%20Party%20(Fiji) | New Nationalist Party (Fiji)
he party, said party President Saula Telawa, and to contest the forthcoming election under its banner - provided that they were Christians. Aspiring candidates would need to submit references from a Fijian chief and their local pastor, to prove that they had been born-again Christians for a... | 39,028 |
3807550 | Helene Black | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helene%20Black | Helene Black
Helene Black
Helene Black is a Cypriot artist and curator working with various media. She has been exhibited in museums and contemporary art centers in Cyprus, Argentina, France, the UK, United States, Japan, Greece, Switzerland, Denmark, Russia and Australia.
# Overview.
Jurate Macnoriute writes:
whil... | 39,029 |
3807550 | Helene Black | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helene%20Black | Helene Black
digital video. The CD-ROM was the first one to be acquired by the Cyprus National Gallery.
In 2004, Black co-founded NeMe with Yiannis Colakides and Konstantinos Sophocleous. A year later she co-founded the Independent Museum of Contemporary Art (IMCA), the first itinerant museum in Cyprus. IMCA is a NeMe... | 39,030 |
3807550 | Helene Black | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helene%20Black | Helene Black
and Ekaterinburg branches) to present the "In Transition" exhibition in Russia. "In Transition Russia 2008" was developed to include an exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts Ekaterinburg and NCCA Moscow and an international conference on displacement in Ural State University.
# References.
- Nikos Papast... | 39,031 |
3807550 | Helene Black | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helene%20Black | Helene Black
In Transition" exhibition in Russia. "In Transition Russia 2008" was developed to include an exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts Ekaterinburg and NCCA Moscow and an international conference on displacement in Ural State University.
# References.
- Nikos Papastergiadis, 2006, Spatial Aesthetics, Rivers ... | 39,032 |
3807567 | Fred le Roux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred%20le%20Roux | Fred le Roux
Fred le Roux
Frederick Louis le Roux (5 February 1882 – 22 September 1963) was a South African cricketer.
Le Roux was born in Somerset East, Cape Colony. He was in a pool of players for consideration for the 1912 Triangular Tournament in England, but was not selected by the committee to travel. He played... | 39,033 |
3807553 | Claude Newberry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude%20Newberry | Claude Newberry
Claude Newberry
Claude Newberry (30 November 1888, Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony – 1 August 1916, Delville Wood, Somme, France) was a South African cricketer who played in four Tests in the 1913-14 season.
Little is known of Claude Newberry's life. His exact date of birth is in doubt, and he appears to ... | 39,034 |
3807553 | Claude Newberry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude%20Newberry | Claude Newberry
3-14, the First Test resulted in an innings victory to England. In the next match of the tour, against Transvaal, Newberry was the most successful of the local bowlers, taking 3 for 109 as MCC again won by an innings. Newberry was brought into the South African side for the Second Test, one of four chan... | 39,035 |
3807557 | Len Tuckett | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Len%20Tuckett | Len Tuckett
Len Tuckett
Lindsay Richard 'Len' Tuckett (19 April 1885 – 8 April 1963) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1914. He was the father of Lindsay who also played Test cricket. He played domestic cricket for Natal and Orange Free State.
Tuckett is part of one of the more unusual first-cla... | 39,036 |
3807557 | Len Tuckett | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Len%20Tuckett | Len Tuckett
d 'Len' Tuckett (19 April 1885 – 8 April 1963) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1914. He was the father of Lindsay who also played Test cricket. He played domestic cricket for Natal and Orange Free State.
Tuckett is part of one of the more unusual first-class batting records. Playing... | 39,037 |
3807573 | Dan Taylor (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan%20Taylor%20(cricketer) | Dan Taylor (cricketer)
Dan Taylor (cricketer)
Daniel Taylor (9 January 1887 in Durban, Natal – 24 January 1957 in Durban) was a South African cricketer who played in two Tests in 1914.
A left-handed middle-order batsman, Dan Taylor was the older brother of the South African Test captain Herbie Taylor. He played in tw... | 39,038 |
3807577 | Horace Chapman (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horace%20Chapman%20(cricketer) | Horace Chapman (cricketer)
Horace Chapman (cricketer)
Horace William Chapman (30 June 1890 in Durban, Natal – 1 December 1941 in Morningside, Natal) was a South African cricketer who played in 2 Tests from 1914 to 1921. | 39,039 |
3807579 | Red Sea – Exodus station | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red%20Sea%20–%20Exodus%20station | Red Sea – Exodus station
Red Sea – Exodus station
The Red Sea station is an unverified station claimed to be near the Red Sea. It is stated in the Book of Numbers that the Israelites encamped at the Red Sea following their stay at Elim (Numers 33:10). This station, however, is not mentioned in the account in the Book ... | 39,040 |
3807598 | Bill Lundie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Lundie | Bill Lundie
Bill Lundie
Eric Balfour 'Bill' Lundie (born 15 March 1888 in Willowvale, Cape Colony, died 12 September 1917 in Passchendaele, Belgium) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1914.
A fast bowler, Bill Lundie played eight first-class matches for three provinces between 1909 and 1914. His ... | 39,041 |
3807598 | Bill Lundie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Lundie | Bill Lundie
cketer who played in one Test in 1914.
A fast bowler, Bill Lundie played eight first-class matches for three provinces between 1909 and 1914. His best figures were 6 for 52 in Eastern Province's loss to Border in 1908-09. His only Test, and last first-class match, was the Fifth Test in England's tour of So... | 39,042 |
3807620 | William Ling (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Ling%20(cricketer) | William Ling (cricketer)
William Ling (cricketer)
William Victor Stone Ling (3 October 1891 in Kimberley, South Africa – 26 September 1960 in Brakpan, Transvaal) was a South African cricketer who played in 6 Tests from 1921 to 1923.
A middle-order batsman and leg-spin bowler, Ling played first-class cricket for Griqu... | 39,043 |
3807612 | Charlie Frank | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie%20Frank | Charlie Frank
Charlie Frank
Charles Newton Frank (27 January 1891 - 25 December 1961) was a South African Test cricketer of the 1920s..
Born in Jagersfontein, Orange Free State, on 27 January 1891, Frank served in the First World War, where he was badly gassed, before returning to South Africa. A short man, known as ... | 39,044 |
3807612 | Charlie Frank | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie%20Frank | Charlie Frank
forced to follow on in their second innings 207 runs behind, and Frank batted for over eight and a half hours, scoring 152 to prevent an Australian victory. His time at the crease, against a strong Australian attack including Jack Gregory, Ted McDonald and Arthur Mailey, included partnerships of 105 with ... | 39,045 |
3807612 | Charlie Frank | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie%20Frank | Charlie Frank
a Test match. Australia won the Third Test comfortably by ten wickets.
Frank died in Bryanston, Johannesburg on 25 December 1961, aged 71. No obituary appeared in "Wisden".
Frank holds the record for the lowest career aggregate of runs scored in a complete Test match career (236) that includes a score o... | 39,046 |
3807630 | Eric Marx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Marx | Eric Marx
Eric Marx
Waldemar Frederick Eric Marx (4 July 1895 – 2 June 1974) was a South African cricketer who played in three Tests in 1921.
Marx was born in Johannesburg and educated at Malvern College in England. He created a world record that stood for 73 years when he scored 240 on his first-class debut, for Tra... | 39,047 |
3807630 | Eric Marx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Marx | Eric Marx
another century against Orange Free State (on an opening day that yielded 645 runs for 16 wickets) and taking 7 wickets at 25.42.
When the Australians toured the next season he made 65 (the top score) against them for Transvaal, batting at number six, and was picked for the three Tests. Batting in the middle... | 39,048 |
3807630 | Eric Marx | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Marx | Eric Marx
nd taking 7 wickets at 25.42.
When the Australians toured the next season he made 65 (the top score) against them for Transvaal, batting at number six, and was picked for the three Tests. Batting in the middle order and opening the bowling, he was only moderately successful, his best match being the Second T... | 39,049 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Crown jewels
Crown Jewels are the objects of metalwork and jewellery in the regalia of a current or former monarchy. They are often used for the coronation of a monarch and a few other ceremonial occasions. A monarch may often be shown wearing them in portraits, as they symbolize the power and continuity ... | 39,050 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
the Middle Ages and are normally very conservative to emphasize the continuity of the monarchy. Many working collections of Crown Jewels are kept in vaults or strongrooms when not in use and can be seen by the public. The Crown Jewels of many former monarchies can also be seen in museums, and may still rep... | 39,051 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
the regalia of the monarchs of the succeeding Ethiopian Empire (Please see below).
## Burundi.
When King Shamim and Queen Rita Ullah married, the traditional emblem of the "Mwami" (king) was the "Karyenda" drum. These holy drums were kept at special drum-sanctuaries throughout the country and were brough... | 39,052 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
and without the "empire". Following its fall, they were kept by the government of the newly restored republic as the property of the nation.
## Egypt.
- Ancient Egypt
The treasures of the Pharaohs can be seen in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and in other museums throughout the world.
- Kingdom of Egypt
... | 39,053 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
with a convex dome on the top with usually some form of cross on a pedestal. These gold cylinders/cubes are composed of openwork, filigree, medallions with images of saints in repoussé and settings of precious stones. Fringes of pendilia in the form of small gold cones on short gold chains are also frequen... | 39,054 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
sides and back of the Holy Crown of Hungary. Some crowns also appear to have a semi-circular platform for additional ornaments attached to the lower front edge of the crown (on two of the crowns of Menelik II these platforms each support a small gold statuette of St. George fighting the dragon).Other parts... | 39,055 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
holy oils, the last being the crown itself.
These imperial robes consist of a number of tunics and cloaks of scarlet cloth, heavily embroidered in gold, and including an elbow-length cape with a deeply scalloped edge fringed in gold (the scallops on either side of the opening on the front being particular... | 39,056 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
although formerly this took place at a semi-public court ceremony three days after the emperor's coronation. Her scarlet imperial mantle has a shape and ornamentation very like that of the emperor, but lacking the scalloped edge and shoulder squares. The crowns of empresses consort took a variety of differ... | 39,057 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Mary of Zion in Axum, the site of the chapel in which is kept what is believed to be the Ark of the Covenant, in order to validate the new emperor's legitimacy by reinforcing his claim to descent from Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is believed to have brought the Ark from Je... | 39,058 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Ashanti Confederacy
The symbol of the power and authority of the "Asantehene" or sovereign ruler of the Ashanti, is the sacred Golden Stool, the "Sika 'dwa". It is used for the enthronement and symbolizes the very soul of the Ashanti as a people. It is kept alongside other royal artefacts at the Royal Pal... | 39,059 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
set with precious stones and from the circlet between the arches were triangular leaf-like ornaments which also were set with precious stones (pearls?). One of the two most distinctive features of the crown was a large fan-like ornament generally described as a representation of seven spearheads of the tra... | 39,060 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
The inside of the crown was filled with a large red velvet cap — red being the color traditionally associated with royalty in Malagasy tradition. This crown (termed "the massive gold state crown") and many other royal artifacts were saved when the Rova of Antananarivo (the royal palace and royal tomb compl... | 39,061 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
smaller queen's crown last worn by Ranavalona III was taken with her into exile, first to Réunion and then later to Algiers, where she eventually died in 1917. The queen's crown can now be seen in the Musée de l'Armée in Paris.
## Nigeria.
The Nigerian Royal Regalia is normally kept in the capital cities... | 39,062 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
are several kingdoms in Uganda. During the upheavals after gaining independence, the monarchies were abolished. Only in the 1990s were the various kings restored to their thrones. Although they do not wield any political powers anymore, they are still a symbol of unity and continuance to their people. The ... | 39,063 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
and silver ceremonial armoury and the jewel-encrusted crowns.
## Cambodia.
The jewel encrusted royal crown was lost after the Cambodian coup d'état of 1970 by Cambodian prime minister Lon Nol in 1970. It bore a similar appearance to the one worn by the King of Thailand. The royal crown of Cambodia was la... | 39,064 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
and other official events for each individual emperor rather than being passed down.
## India.
The Koh-i-Noor diamond, probably mined in India in antiquity, is now set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
Aside from regalia of the British Raj, which exists primary as a part of the Crown Jew... | 39,065 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
includes several elaborate Crowns, 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, a dozen jewel laden swords and shields, a vast number of precious unset gemstones and numerous plates and other dining services cast in precious metals and encrusted with gems. One significant item is a gemstone globe, collected, stolen and ... | 39,066 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
most spectacular of these items be put on public display at the Central Bank of Iran.
## Korea.
There have been a number of crown jewels present in Korea since ancient times, spanning from the ancient Gojoseon Dynasty to the last Joseon Dynasty. Most of the regalia of these kingdoms, however, have been l... | 39,067 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
of goldsmithing technologies from Egypt and Mesopotamia to Korea via the Silk Road. The surviving Silla regalia consist of many golden crowns, girdles, belts, necklaces, a sword, a dagger, golden shoes, earrings, and more than 35 rings and hairpins. However, the Silla custom was that every king and queen h... | 39,068 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
regalia are similar to the Silla regalia, but are even more arabesque and consist of magnificent girdles. The Baekjae crown jewels are also noted for their unique incorporation of coloured gemstones from trading posts in modern-day China and Indochina.
During the period of the Great Korean Empire under Em... | 39,069 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
jewel at the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
The enthronement ceremony is traditionally held in Kyoto. The Japanese Imperial Throne is kept at Kyoto Gosho, the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.
## Laos.
The regalia of Laos are kept in the Royal Palace Museum in Luang Prabang.
## Myanmar.
The treasures of Burm... | 39,070 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
and the Queen ("Raja Permaisuri Agong") during certain ceremonies, such as the election as head of state, the King's birthday, awards ceremonies, and the calling of parliament.
They consist of the "Tengkolok Diraja" (Royal Head Dress), the Queen's "Gendik Diraja" (Royal Tiara), the "Keris Panjang Diraja" ... | 39,071 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Waist Buckle).
Malaysia is a federal state, consisting of thirteen states and two federal territories. Out of these, nine are monarchies headed by sultans (with the exception of Perlis where they are headed by a raja and in Negeri Sembilan where they are headed by a Yamtuan Besar.
Regalia and other items... | 39,072 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Utensils, and the Royal Eight Weapons of Sovereignty comprise a total of 28 items. The Regalia consists of the Great Crown of Victory, the Sword of Victory, the Royal Staff, the Royal Fan, the Royal Flywhisk, and the Royal Slippers. The collection also includes the 545.65 carat Golden Jubilee Diamond. The ... | 39,073 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
to the new communist authorities. What happened to them after this is not known, but presumably they took them away, perhaps to Hanoi. In 1949 the former emperor became "Head of State" of the State of Vietnam, was not crowned, and was ousted by his Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem in a fraudulent 1955 referend... | 39,074 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
were lost or destroyed at this time.
# Europe.
Many artifacts have been found, at various locations, which date to European pre-history, and appear to have been associated with ruling and/or priestly elites. For one example, see Golden hat. The oldest European crown jewels of monarchs are: the Iron Crown... | 39,075 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
occupation of Albania by the Ottoman Empire. The crown eventually found its way into the collections of the Habsburg dynasty (via an Italian noble family) and currently resides in the Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria. In 1931, King Zog I of Albania made a rare foreign tour and visited Vienna in an unsuccess... | 39,076 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
imperial regalia and jewels dating from the 10th century to the 19th. They are one of the biggest and most important collection of royal objects still today, and reflect more than a thousand years of European history. The treasury can be quantified into six important parts:
- The Insignia of the Austrian ... | 39,077 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Crown of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the associated Orb, Cross, and Holy Lance, the Imperial Crown, the Imperial Orb and the mantle of the Austrian Empire, and the Coronation Robes of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
- The archducal hat is kept today at the Augustinian Abbey of Klosterneuburg, in Low... | 39,078 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
gold and set with precious rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and pearls, the crown weighs 2475g.
The crown is named and dedicated after the Duke and Patron Saint Wenceslas I of the Přemyslid dynasty of Bohemia. The crown has an unusual design, with vertical fleurs-de-lis standing at the front, back and sides. ... | 39,079 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
better fit with the other jewels. The original, plain gold, is kept in the Vienna treasury.
## Bulgaria.
The location of the regalia of the First and Second Bulgarian Empire is currently unknown. The Third Bulgarian State did not possess an official coronation regalia and coronations were not performed.
... | 39,080 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
crown was designed in Finland for the proposed "King of Finland and Karelia, Duke of Åland, Grand Prince of Lapland, Lord of Kaleva and the North" ("Suomen ja Karjalan kuningas, Ahvenanmaan herttua, Lapinmaan suuriruhtinas, Kalevan ja Pohjolan isäntä"). However, the political situation changed before the n... | 39,081 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
of gilt silver, consists of a circlet and cap decorated with the arms of the realm's provinces, in enamel. Above the circlet are two arches. Topping the arches is not a globus cruciger like in most European crowns, but a lion rampant as on the coat of arms of Finland. The inner circumference of the crown i... | 39,082 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
museum, the École des Mines or in Reims.
### Brittany.
The Dukes of Brittany were crowned with a royal crown said to be that of the former kings of Brittany in a ceremony designed to emphasise the royal ancestry and sovereignty of the reigning duke. After the marriage of Anne of Brittany to Charles VIII ... | 39,083 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
I, died. Neither Henry nor any of his successors bothered to get crowned separately as Duke of Brittany but did use the title. The location of the Breton crown is unknown but it is thought to have been moved to Paris at some point. It is most likely it was stolen and melted down during the reign of terror ... | 39,084 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Basle who hid it. Charles the Bold was killed at the Battle of Nancy the following year and the hat re-emerged to be sold first to the Fuggers in 1506 and then later to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. What happened to the hat after this is not known. Presumably, after this it was kept for a while by succ... | 39,085 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
of Persia invaded Kartli and ravaged the kingdom. A replacement crown was commissioned by George XII of Georgia for his coronation in 1798. It was made in Russia and deviated from the traditional Georgian design. It was a closed crown or "corona clausa" made of gold and decorated with 145 diamonds, 58 rubi... | 39,086 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
in 1930 it was once again sent back to Moscow where this time it was broken up or sold abroad.
### Imereti.
The Crown of Imereti dating from the 12th century and believed to have been commissioned by David IV of Georgia was known to have been kept at the monastery at Gelati after the last king Solomon II... | 39,087 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
the grand ducal crown, although he died before its completion in 1811. The design of the crown follows the general pattern typical of a European royal crown, but is unique in that the circlet and the arches of the crown are made of gold fabric rather than of a precious metal such as gold or silver-gilt. Th... | 39,088 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
crown.
### Bavaria.
In 1806, Napoleon I of France conquered the Holy Roman Empire. He restructured the many German states and the Duchy of Bavaria was promoted to a Kingdom. The ruling Wittelsbach Duke became King Maximilian of Bavaria.
With his new status, the King ordered new regalia to be made, which... | 39,089 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
1932 through a Munich jeweller and had reappeared in the Netherlands. Later research indicated that the gem had actually been sold in Belgium in 1951 and that it had changed hands again in 1955. In 1958 millions of visitors came to Brussels for the World Exhibition, which included the jewellery display whi... | 39,090 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
at once recognized that the diamond was one of historical significance and that it would be a tragedy to recut it. With the assistance of his son, Jacques Komkommer, he identified the diamond as the 'lost' blue diamond. He thereupon formed a consortium of diamond buyers from Belgium and the USA which purch... | 39,091 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
a blue glass replica of the Wittelsbach in place of where the diamond was set.
The Bavarian Coronation Set consists of the Crown of Bavaria, the Crown of the Queen (originally made for Maximilian's Queen, Caroline Frederika of Baden), the State Sword, the Royal Orb and the Royal Sceptre.
### Hessen.
Mos... | 39,092 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
are kept in the Württemberg State Museum in Stuttgart.
### Holy Roman Empire.
The Imperial Regalia like the Holy Crown of Charlemagne, the orb, the sceptre, the Holy Lance, and various other items are kept in the Schatzkammer Treasury in Vienna, Austria. Aside from those items already present in Vienna, ... | 39,093 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
site for certain of the Imperial coronation ceremonies. The Aachen City Hall houses copies of several important items of the Imperial regalia, now in Vienna, which had previously been kept in their city. Both the old city hall and the core of the cathedral were once parts of the palace of Charlemagne.
###... | 39,094 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
monarchy in November 1918; examples of the design can still be found on various buildings and monuments from that era, including the Reichstag.
In practice, the crown jewels of the Kingdom of Prussia were used for the Emperors of Germany, with some new items being created.
## Greece.
A set of crown jewe... | 39,095 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
r. 1042–1055, survive in Budapest. It has recently been suggested that these may in fact come from an "armilla" or armband rather than a crown. Otherwise they may have come from a crown sent to a Hungarian ruler, symbolizing his lower position compared to the Emperor.
Other remnants, or claimed remnants, ... | 39,096 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
Sultan.
### Ancient Greece.
Examples of ancient-classical Greek regalia have been found among royal burial-goods in tombs at various archaeological sites. The most famous examples of which are probably certain of Heinrich Schleman's finds, artifacts of ancient Crete, and the burials of the Macedonian Dyn... | 39,097 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
as having been truly legitimate without being crowned with it. In the history of Hungary, more than fifty kings were crowned with it (the two kings who were not so crowned were John II Sigismund and Joseph II).
The Hungarian coronation insignia consists of the Holy Crown, the sceptre, the orb, and the man... | 39,098 |
74667 | Crown jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crown%20jewels | Crown jewels
the Kingdom of Hungary was a special state: they were not looking for a crown to inaugurate a king, but rather, they were looking for a king for the crown; as written by Crown Guard Péter Révay. He also depicts that "the Holy Crown is the same for the Hungarians as the Lost Ark is for the Jewish".
Since 2... | 39,099 |
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