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5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography more interested in the historical and culture aspects of cartography. As a consequence, China's main geographical journal, the "Dili Xuebao" (地理学报) featured many articles by Soviet geographers. As Soviet influence waned in the 1960s, geographic activity continued as part of the process of moderni...	41,300
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography The 8th-century scholar "Bhavabhuti" conceived paintings which indicated geographical regions. Italian scholar Francesco Lorenzo Pullè reproduced a number of ancient Indian maps in his "magnum opus" "La Cartografia Antica dell'India". Out of these maps, two have been reproduced using a manuscrip...	41,301
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography to locations indicated in earlier Indian cartographic traditions. Another map describing the kingdom of Nepal, four feet in length and about two and a half feet in breadth, was presented to Warren Hastings. In this map the mountains were elevated above the surface, and several geographical elemen...	41,302
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography relationships with China, and Russia. An important influence in the development of cartography was the patronage of the Abbasid caliph, al-Ma'mun, who reigned from 813 to 833. He commissioned several geographers to remeasure the distance on earth that corresponds to one degree of celestial merid...	41,303
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Tyre rather than Ptolemy. Also in the 9th century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, employed spherical trigonometry and map projection methods in order to convert polar coordinates to a different coordinate system centred on a specific point on the sphere, in...	41,304
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography the early 10th century, Abū Zayd al-Balkhī, originally from Balkh, founded the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. The geographers of this school also wrote extensively of the peoples, products, and customs of areas in the Muslim world, with little interest in the non-Muslim realms...	41,305
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography surviving rectangular coordinate map is dated to the 13th century and is attributed to Hamdallah al-Mustaqfi al-Qazwini, who based it on the work of Suhrāb. The orthogonal parallel lines were separated by one degree intervals, and the map was limited to Southwest Asia and Central Asia. The earlie...	41,306
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography regional cartography is usually categorized into three groups: that produced by the "Balkhī school", the type devised by Muhammad al-Idrisi, and the type that are uniquely foundin the "Book of curiosities". The maps by the Balkhī schools were defined by political, not longitudinal boundaries and...	41,307
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography defined his maps differently. He considered the extent of the known world to be 160° in longitude, and divided the region into ten parts, each 16° wide. In terms of latitude, he portioned the known world into seven 'climes', determined by the length of the longest day. In his maps, many dominant ...	41,308
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography corrected Ptolemy's gross overestimate for the length of the Mediterranean Sea (from the Canary Islands to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean); Ptolemy overestimated it at 63 degrees of longitude, while al-Khwarizmi almost correctly estimated it at nearly 50 degrees of longitude. Al-Ma'mun's...	41,309
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography al-Khwarizmi's prime meridian. Other prime meridians used were set by Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi at Ujjain, a centre of Indian astronomy, and by another anonymous writer at Basra. ### "Tabula Rogeriana". The Arab geographer, Muhammad al-Idrisi, produced his ...	41,310
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography al-Idrisi drew on the knowledge collected at the University of Cordoba and paid draftsmen to make journeys and map their routes. The book describes the earth as a sphere with a circumference of but maps it in 70 rectangular sections. Notable features include the correct dual sources of the Nile, ...	41,311
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography atlas of charts for small segments of the mediterranean, accompanied by sailing instructions covering the sea. In the second version of the work, he included a map of the Americas. The Piri Reis map drawn by the Ottoman cartographer Piri Reis in 1513, is one of the oldest surviving maps to show t...	41,312
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography temporary arrangements of stones or shells. # Early modern cartography. ## Medieval maps and the Mappa Mundi. Medieval maps of the world in Europe were mainly symbolic in form along the lines of the much earlier Babylonian World Map. Known as Mappa Mundi (clothes of the world) these maps were ...	41,313
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography the contemporary Italian cartography school. The "Carta Pisana" portolan chart, made at the end of the 13th century (1275–1300), is the oldest surviving nautical chart (that is, not simply a map but a document showing accurate navigational directions). ## Iberian cartographic schools. ### The M...	41,314
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography as it can be seen in the Catalan Atlas. The Majorcan school was (co-)responsible for the invention (c.1300) of the "Normal Portolan chart". It was a contemporary superior, detailed nautical model chart, gridded by compass lines. ### Iberian cartography in the Age of Exploration. In the Renaissa...	41,315
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Seville, Amsterdam or London had access to knowledge of America, Brazil, or India, while the native peoples knew only their own immediate environment" (Whitfield). Jordan Branch and his advisor, Steven Weber, propose that the power of large kingdoms and nation states of later history are an inadv...	41,316
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography for the talent, science and technology from the Italian city-states. Portugal's methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten yea...	41,317
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography by Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently found the Americas. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. The Spanish cartographer and e...	41,318
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography of Christopher Columbus to the Americas. The Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation was the first known voyage around the world in human history. It was a Spanish expedition that sailed from Seville in 1519 under the command of Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in search of a maritime path from ...	41,319
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Pedro Reinel made the oldest known signed Portuguese nautical chart. - 1492: Cartographer Jorge de Aguiar made the oldest known signed and dated Portuguese nautical chart. - 1537: Much of Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer Pedro Nunes' work related to navigation. He was the first to unde...	41,320
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography In his "Treatise in Defense of the Marine Chart " (1537), Nunes argued that a nautical chart should have its parallels and meridians shown as straight lines. Yet he was unsure how to solve the problems that this caused, a situation that lasted until Mercator developed the projection bearing his n...	41,321
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography 1504: Portuguese cartographer Pedro Reinel made the oldest known nautical chart with a scale of latitudes. - 1519 : Portuguese cartographers Lopo Homem, Pedro Reinel and Jorge Reinel made the group of maps known today as the Miller Atlas or Lopo Homem – Reinéis Atlas. - 1530: Alonzo de Santa Cr...	41,322
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography empire expanded. The master map or Padrón Real was mandated by the Spanish monarch in 1508 and updated subsequently as more information became available with each ship returning to Seville. Diogo Ribeiro, a Portuguese cartographer working for Spain, made what is considered the first scientific w...	41,323
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography (probably influenced by the Esteban Gómez's exploration in 1525). It also shows the demarcation of the Treaty of Tordesillas. Two prominent cosmographers (as mapmakers were then known) of the House of Trade were Alonso de Santa Cruz and Juan López de Velasco, who directed mapmaking under Philip ...	41,324
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography monk Nicholas Germanus wrote a pioneering Cosmographia. He added the first new maps to Ptolemy's "Geographica". Germanus invented the Donis map projection where parallels of latitude are made equidistant, but meridians converge toward the poles. - 1492: German merchant Martin Behaim (1459–1507) ...	41,325
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Netherlandish cartography (early modern Dutch and Flemish cartography). Until the fall of Antwerp (1585), the Dutch and Flemish were generally seen as one people, Frisians, specifically. The center for cartographic activities in sixteenth-century Low Countries was Antwerp, a city of printers, bo...	41,326
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Without the influence of several outstanding scholars of the Leuven University (such as Gemma Frisius, Gerardus Mercator, and Jacob van Deventer), cartography in the Low Countries would not have attained the quality and exerted the influence that it did. Notable representatives of the Netherland...	41,327
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Cornelis de Jode, Claes Visscher, Nicolaes Visscher I, Nicolaes Visscher II, and Frederik de Wit. Leuven, Antwerp, and Amsterdam were the main centres of the Netherlandish school of cartography in its golden age (the 16th and 17th centuries, approximately 1570–1670s). The Golden Age of Dutch cart...	41,328
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Joan Blaeu, Jan Janssonius, Claes Janszoon Visscher, and Frederik de Wit. During the Golden Age of Dutch exploration (c. 1590s–1720s) and the Golden Age of Dutch/Netherlandish cartography (c. 1570s–1670s), Dutch-speaking navigators, explorers, and cartographers were the firsts to chart/map many ...	41,329
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography in this was played by a special artistic atmosphere of the Netherlands (or the Low Countries) in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Low Countries experienced cultural and economic booms that was combined with enthusiasm of different classes of people for geography and maps. The unique atmosphere ma...	41,330
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography skills; a significant number of both little-known and the most outstanding artists were involved in decorating maps; maps and art works were often performed by the same artists, engravers and publishers who worked for both areas; artists, engravers and mapmakers belonged to the same group of soci...	41,331
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography the knowledge of the time, but also by their richness of ornamentation, a combination of science and art that has rarely been surpassed in the history of mapmaking." Gemma Frisius was the first to propose the use of a chronometer to determine longitude in 1530. In his book "On the Principles of ...	41,332
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography method in cartography (mapmaking) in the mid sixteenth century when Frisius set out the idea in his "Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione" ("Booklet concerning a way of describing places"). Dutch scientists Jacob van Deventer and Willebrord Snell were among the firsts to make systematic use...	41,333
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography meditationes de fabrica mvndi et fabricati figvra" (1595). The hypothesis that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. Some notable scholars/historians of Netherlandish cartography and geography include Cornelis Koeman, Peter van der Krogt, Günter Schil...	41,334
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography for his 1569 world map. The Mercator projection is an example of a cylindrical projection in which the meridians are straight and perpendicular to the parallels. As a result, the map has a constant width and the parallels are stretched east–west as the poles are approached. Mercator's insight wa...	41,335
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography is clear from the title: "Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendate Accommodata" which translates as "New and more complete representation of the terrestrial globe properly adapted for use in navigation". Although the projection's adoption was slow, by the end of the seve...	41,336
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography The word "atlas" makes its first appearance in the title of the final volume: "Atlas sive cosmographicae meditationes de fabrica mundi et fabricati figura". This translates as "Atlas OR cosmographical meditations upon the creation of the universe, and the universe as created," thus providing Merc...	41,337
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography modern atlas, the "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" ("Theatre of the World"). Ortelius's "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" (1570) is considered the first true atlas in the modern sense: a collection of uniform map sheets and sustaining text bound to form a book for which copper printing plates were specifically ...	41,338
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography embedded in the names of many places. Dutch exploratory voyages revealed largely unknown landmasses to the civilized world and put their names on the world map. In the 16th and 17th centuries, helped lay the foundations for the birth and development of modern cartography, including nautical carto...	41,339
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography new discoveries into their work. Instead of using the information themselves secretly, they published it, so the maps multiplied freely. The Dutch were the first (non-natives) to undisputedly discover, explore and map many unknown isolated areas of the world such as Svalbard, Australia, New Zeala...	41,340
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography the Dutch explorers and cartographers were also the first to systematically observe and map (chart) the largely unknown far southern skies – the first significant scientific addition to the celestial cartography since (2nd century AD). Among the IAU's 88 modern constellations, there are 15 Dutch-...	41,341
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography the first to make systematic use of triangulation, the technique whose theory was described by Gemma Frisius in his 1533 book. The modern systematic use of triangulation networks stems from the work of the Dutch mathematician Willebrord Snell (born Willebrord Snel van Royen), who in 1615 surveye...	41,342
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography in 1617. Snell's methods were taken up by Jean Picard who in 1669–70 surveyed one degree of latitude along the Paris Meridian using a chain of thirteen triangles stretching north from Paris to the clocktower of Sourdon, near Amiens. #### Lucas Waghenaer and the rise of Dutch maritime cartography...	41,343
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography coastal waters of Europe. It was the first of its kind in the history of maritime cartography, and was an immediate success. The English translation of Waghenaer's work was published in 1588 and became so popular that any volume of sea charts soon became known as a "waggoner" (an atlas book of en...	41,344
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography to result in the addition of new constellations. The modern constellations in this region were defined notably by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, who in 1595 traveled together to the East Indies (first Dutch expedition to Indonesia). These 12 newly Dutch-created...	41,345
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Dutch cartographer Andreas Cellarius' star atlas ("Harmonia Macrocosmica") was published by Johannes Janssonius in Amsterdam. #### Competing mapmaking firms in the age of corporate cartography. The Dutch dominated the commercial cartography (corporate cartography) during the seventeenth century...	41,346
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Golden Age, from ca. 1600 to 1650. Maps were used as propaganda tools for both the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC) in order to encourage the commodification of land and an overall capitalist agenda. In the long run the competition between map-making firms Bl...	41,347
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography And also from a commercial point of view it was a huge success. Also due to the superior typography the "Atlas Maior" by Blaeu soon became a status symbol for rich citizens. Costing 350 guilders for a non-coloured and 450 guilders for a coloured version, the atlas was the most precious book of th...	41,348
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography and Blaeu found their way to other publishers. ## French cartography. ### Dieppe school of cartographers. The Dieppe maps are a series of world maps produced in Dieppe, France, in the 1540s, 1550s and 1560s. They are large hand-produced maps, commissioned for wealthy and royal patrons, includi...	41,349
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Thury. # Further developments in modern cartography. ## Eighteenth century. The Vertical Perspective projection was first used by the German map publisher Matthias Seutter in 1740. He placed his observer at ~12,750 km distance. This is the type of projection used today by Google Earth. The ch...	41,350
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Swiss mathematician Johann Lambert invented several hemispheric map projections. In 1772 he created the Lambert conformal conic and Lambert azimuthal equal-area projections. The Albers equal-area conic projection features no distortion along standard parallels. It was invented by Heinrich Albers...	41,351
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography mapped trails and army engineers surveyed government lands. Two agencies were established to provide more detailed, large-scale mapping. They were the U.S. Geological Survey and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (now the National Geodetic Survey under the National Oceanic and Atmospheri...	41,352
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography careful attention to latitude and longitude. Landing at the Pacific coast port of Acapulco in 1803, Humboldt did not leave the port area for Mexico City until he produced a map of the port; when leaving he drew a map of the east coast port of Veracruz, as well as a map of the central plateau of M...	41,353
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography of guidebooks and maps, published "Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico", which was used in the negotiations between the U.S. and Mexico in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), following the Mexican–American War, based on the 1822 map by U.S. cartographer Henry Schenck Tanner. This map has bee...	41,354
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography that made production cheaper and easier. Airplanes made it possible to photograph large areas at a time. Two-Point Equidistant projection was first drawn up by Hans Maurer in 1919. In this projection the distance from any point on the map to either of the two regulating points is accurate. The ...	41,355
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography that already started at the end of the previous century. For instance, self-location, browser search of places, business, products, and area and distance calculation. At the present time, computer based software is dominated by big companies that offer their services to a worldwide public, such a...	41,356
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography combined with modern computer software to elaborate periodical history maps. Initiatives such as Euratlas History Maps (they cover whole Europe from year 1 AD to the present), Centennia Historical Atlas (they cover Europe from year 1000AD to the present), Geacron and many others who work in what'...	41,357
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography better and more diverse maps and map tools every day, making available for their students and the broad public ancient maps that in the past were difficult to find. David Rumsey Historical Map Collection is nowadays a worldwide known initiative. ### Self-publishing tools and collaborative mappin...	41,358
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography and the advent of inexpensive portable satellite navigation devices. # History of cartography's technological changes. In cartography, technology has continually changed in order to meet the demands of new generations of mapmakers and map users. The first maps were manually constructed with bru...	41,359
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography an inadvertent byproduct of 15th-century advances in map-making technologies. Advances in photochemical technology, such as the lithographic and photochemical processes, have allowed for the creation of maps that have fine details, do not distort in shape and resist moisture and wear. This also ...	41,360
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography spatial analysis and database software, have democratized and greatly expanded the making of maps, particularly with their ability to produce maps that show slightly different features, without engraving a new printing plate. See also digital raster graphic and History of web mapping. Aerial pho...	41,361
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography Iberian cartography, 1400–1600 - List of cartographers - List of historical maps - Map projection - Mappa mundi - Pictorial maps - Principal Triangulation of Great Britain - Terra incognita - The Royal Thai Survey Department - Web mapping - World map ## Related histories. - History of...	41,362
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography of Wisconsin, a comprehensive research project in the history of maps and mapping - Three volumes of "The History of Cartography" are available free in PDF format - The history of cartography at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland - Mapping History – a...	41,363
5645470	History of cartography	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20cartography	History of cartography bibliography of the history of cartography - American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection - David Rumsey Historical map collection licensed under a Creative Commons License See Maps for more links to historical maps; however, most of the largest sites are listed at the sites li...	41,364
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) Lafayette Senior High School (LHS) is a public high school located in Lexington, Kentucky's Picadome neighborhood. The school is one of six high schools in the Fayette County Public Schools district. # History. Lafayette High Sch...	41,365
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) the LHS vocational program was expanded into a national defense trade school and after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, several more buildings were constructed to meet the demand for skilled workers in the war-related industries. LHS was the first white school in Lexington to be...	41,366
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) its first black students. The first black teachers, Viola Greene and Betty Newby, joined the faculty in 1963. With the merger of the Lexington and Fayette County school systems in 1967, many more black students enrolled at Lafayette High School. # Academic achievement. Lafa...	41,367
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) academic championship. # Athletics. Lafayette's athletic teams have been among the most successful in Kentucky high school history. The school has claimed over 50 Kentucky High School Athletic Association (KHSAA) titles, including championships in boys basketball, baseball,...	41,368
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) six Kentucky Sweet Sixteen state championships (1942, 1950, 1953, 1957, 1979, 2001) - a record matched only by arch-rival Henry Clay. ## Baseball. Lafayette has won three state championships (1988–89, 1992). ## Track. Lafayette holds a total of seven boys' track team cham...	41,369
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) state titles from 1949 to 1951. ## Soccer. The girls' soccer team won a state championship in 1992, defeating northern Kentucky powerhouse Notre Dame. The boys' team won the state championship in 1990. ## Football. Lafayette plays its home football games at James D. Ishm...	41,370
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) alumni. - Gay Brewer - Professional golfer - John Y. Brown, Jr. - Kentucky Governor - Drew Curtis - Founder of Fark - Farah Fath - Actress - Ernie Fletcher - Kentucky Governor - Gatewood Galbraith - author and attorney, five-time political candidate for governor of Kent...	41,371
5646893	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky)	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafayette%20High%20School%20(Lexington,%20Kentucky)	Lafayette High School (Lexington, Kentucky) Ernie Fletcher - Kentucky Governor - Gatewood Galbraith - author and attorney, five-time political candidate for governor of Kentucky. - Tyson Gay, sprinter; 2007 world champion at 100 and 200 meters - Tom Hammond - Sports broadcaster - Austin Kearns - Major League Baseba...	41,372
5646956	Marc Gartman	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marc%20Gartman	Marc Gartman Marc Gartman Marc Gartman is a singer-songwriter and film director from New York City. He has collaborated with several acts, including Rivulets, Casey Block, and Jon DeRosa. He recorded with the latter as Pale Horse and Rider. # External links. - MySpace - Two Many Banjos - MySpace - Marc Gartband - ...	41,373
5646952	Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ja%20sam%20rođen%20tamo%20na%20salašu	Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu Ja sam rođen tamo na salašu (, lit. "I was born there on a farm"), also known as Salaš u malom ritu (Салаш у малом риту, lit. "The farm in little swamp"), is a Serbian patriotic song from the province of Vojvodina. Some people consider this song as an unofficial ...	41,374
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold Rain of Gold Rain of Gold is Victor Villaseñor's 1991 book, a national bestseller, which tells the story of his own parents who were undocumented immigrants from Mexico. Two families escaping from the Mexican Revolution to the relative safety of the United States have parallel experiences centered on thei...	41,375
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold He eventually finds a store in a settlement near the Urique River. Espirito wanders into the store and talks to the store owner, Don Carlos Barrios, and wants to trade the water of the spring which he found for food and supplies. However, Don Carlos laughs at the idea, because the store is in a desert next...	41,376
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold Don Carlos suddenly wants to trade food and supplies for all his stones (golden nuggets). Espirito quickly trades, because he thinks that Don Carlos has lost it but might change his mind - Espirito does not know he has gold nuggets and assumes that they are nothing more than interesting looking and worthle...	41,377
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold The village suffers repeated raids by various factions of the Mexican Revolution and ultimately the brazen Doña Guadalupe manages to protect her daughters and son. Eventually Lupe encounters a man named Colonel Manuel Maytorena, she simply calls "my colonel", a charismatic and romantic figure that Lupe see...	41,378
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold mission to ship gold north to the United States, the Colonel is attacked and killed. Subsequently, the rebel fighters who slayed him return to the box canyon where Lupe lives and dominate the residents. They are a suspicious group and accuse Lupe's brother Victoriano of stealing gold from the mine and they...	41,379
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold stopped by the town's people gathering in a mob to stop them. Shortly after the violence the towns people start to leave the city en masse to escape the violence of the Mexican revolution. # Publication history. Villaseñor took twelve years to research the material for the book, but when the original pu...	41,380
5646914	Rain of Gold	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain%20of%20Gold	Rain of Gold pe the violence of the Mexican revolution. # Publication history. Villaseñor took twelve years to research the material for the book, but when the original publisher asked him to shorten it, change the title, and market it as fiction, he bought back the rights, using his mother's life savings and a new m...	41,381
5646933	Habaka	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Habaka	Habaka Habaka Habaka () is a small hill town in northern Jordan, located 75 km north of the capital Amman (in Arabic عَمَّان), and about 5 km south of Irbid (Arabic: إِرْبِد). The region has a very fertile soil along with suitable climate allows the growing of wide variety of high quality crops. The main products are ...	41,382
5646933	Habaka	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Habaka	Habaka om Arab tribes. # History. Recent discoveries in the area of Tell Johfiyeh () -which is in Johfiyeh near Habaka goes back to the Iron Age. One of the known Islamic scholars called ‘Ali bin ziadah bin abd alrhman alhabaki alshafie’ (in Arabic علي بن زيادة بن عبد الرحمن الحبكي الشافعي) was from Habaka and died i...	41,383
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind Universal mind Universal mind or universal consciousness is a concept that tries to address the underlying essence of all being and becoming in the universe. It includes the being and becoming that occurred in the universe prior to the arising of the concept of "Mind", a term that more appropriately ref...	41,384
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind interactions and the awareness and knowledge they imply. # Introduction. The concept of universal mind was presented by Anaxagoras, a Pre-Socratic philosopher who arrived in Athens some time after 480 BC. He taught that the growth of living things depends on the power of mind within the organisms that ...	41,385
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind [2] A different Greek word, "gnó̱si̱" (awareness), better reflects what is observed in the wider world of organic and inorganic being than just the human world. A worm, an amoeba, a bacteria, a raindrop, appears to act with "awareness" ("gnó̱si̱") rather than "reason" ("nous"). Also, these actions would ...	41,386
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind as infinite, that would exclude from it whatever is finite, but the whole argument of the book is that universal mind is the only reality and that everything we apprehend through our senses, is nothing else but this mind. Even to think of it in terms of existence or non-existence is to misapprehend it en...	41,387
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind and omnipresent. # Psychological interpretation. Universal mind may be viewed from a scientific perspective as non-local consciousness. Michael Persinger wrote on non-local consciousness: The atemporal nature of consciousness is explored by Mansoor Malik and Maria Hipolito. They summarise key theorist...	41,388
5646927	Universal mind	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal%20mind	Universal mind Panpsychism # Sources. - Anaxagoras. (2013). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. - Anaxagoras. (2013). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. - Blofeld., J., under pseudonym Chu ...	41,389
5646976	These Are the New Good Times	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=These%20Are%20the%20New%20Good%20Times	These Are the New Good Times These Are the New Good Times These Are the New Good Times is the debut release from Pale Horse and Rider, a Jon DeRosa side-project with Marc Gartman. It was released in 2003 via Darla Records. Alan Sparhawk of Low and Charles Newman of Flare were guest performers on the recording. # Trac...	41,390
5646978	U.S. National Video Game Team	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20National%20Video%20Game%20Team	U.S. National Video Game Team U.S. National Video Game Team The U.S. National Video Game Team (USNVGT) was founded in July, 1983 in Ottumwa, Iowa, United States by Walter Day and Jim Riley as part of the Electronic Circus tour, with Steve Sanders as the first captain. After the Circus folded, Day re-established the te...	41,391
5646978	U.S. National Video Game Team	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20National%20Video%20Game%20Team	U.S. National Video Game Team reach to include publishing the "Top Score Newsletter" and "Electronic Game Player Magazine" a short time later. Nauert appeared in television commercials for the Atari 7800 and served as the referee for Incredible Sunday on "That's Incredible!", a three-game competition on the Nintendo En...	41,392
5646978	U.S. National Video Game Team	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S.%20National%20Video%20Game%20Team	U.S. National Video Game Team ert appeared in television commercials for the Atari 7800 and served as the referee for Incredible Sunday on "That's Incredible!", a three-game competition on the Nintendo Entertainment System that served as a precursor to the Nintendo World Championships 1990. # Publications. The U.S. N...	41,393
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier Artificial Soldier Artificial Soldier is the sixteenth album by Vancouver industrial band Front Line Assembly, released in 2006. This is the first Front Line Assembly album to feature new member Jeremy Inkel. # Touring. The tour in North America in support of "Artificial Soldier" started before th...	41,394
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier be their last show of the tour. Tour drummer Adrian White made a statement on the Side-Line forum: "Digger international who handled the bus rental has fucked us. We were lied to since we were told we had a bus until July 6th, which was bullshit. They had planned to leave us in Philly without a bus t...	41,395
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier from the European leg. Asked what conclusions he had drawn from this experience, Leeb responded: "I will never get on a bus without seeing a written contract stating that I have the bus from point A to B. Let's just say I have never been fucked by a bus company before." Supporting band Stromkern blam...	41,396
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier Fulber's project Conjure One was guest on a few US shows. # Critical reception. Reviews for "Artificial Soldier" were mixed. David Jeffries of Allmusic called the album "ferocious" and said, ""Artificial Soldier" is a return to form monster of an album that will pound the band back into the electro...	41,397
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier Magazine's critic expressed his discontent over much of the album and wrote, "it's 23 minutes into the album before anything genuinely impressive happens", thereby referring to the track "Buried Alive". "With "Artificial Soldier" it's obvious that they've fallen into their own trap", was the magazine...	41,398
5646974	Artificial Soldier	https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artificial%20Soldier	Artificial Soldier e Assembly. - Bill Leeb – vocals (1–7, 10), keyboard (4, 5, 8–10) - Rhys Fulber – keyboard (1, 2, 6, 8, 10), additional programming (3), additional keyboard (3, 7) - Chris Peterson – programming (1–9), keyboard (1–9), additional programming (10) - Jeremy Inkel – programming (3, 5, 7, 9), keyboard...	41,399

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