wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
prices in general increased over time. As a result, the quality of the tiles used in the building decreased gradually.
The upper levels of the interior are dominated by blue paint. More than 200 stained glass windows with intricate designs admit natural light, today assisted by chandeliers. On the ... | 51,000 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
spacious impression. The casements at floor level are decorated with opus sectile. Each exedra has five windows, some of which are blind. Each semi-dome has 14 windows and the central dome 28 (four of which are blind). The coloured glass for the windows was a gift of the Signoria of Venice to the su... | 51,001 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
sermon at the time of noon prayer on Fridays or on holy days. The mosque has been designed so that even when it is at its most crowded, everyone in the mosque can see and hear the imam.
The royal kiosk is situated at the south-east corner. It comprises a platform, a loggia and two small retiring ro... | 51,002 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
and gilded lecterns.
The many lamps inside the mosque were once covered with gold and gems. Among the glass bowls one could find ostrich eggs and crystal balls. All these decorations have been removed or pillaged for museums.
The great tablets on the walls are inscribed with the names of the calip... | 51,003 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
expected to take place over three and a half years and be completed by 2020.
## Exterior.
The façade of the spacious forecourt was built in the same manner as the façade of the Süleymaniye Mosque, except for the addition of the turrets on the corner domes. The court is about as large as the mosque... | 51,004 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
(Sıbyan Mektebi) is used as "Mosque Information Center" which is adjacent to its outer wall on the side of Hagia Sophia. This is where they provide visitors with a free orientational presentation on the Blue Mosque and Islam in general.
A heavy iron chain hangs in the upper part of the court entran... | 51,005 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
six minarets (the other four being the modern Sabancı Mosque in Adana, the Hz. Mikdat Mosque in Mersin, Çamlıca in Üsküdar and the Green mosque in Arnavutköy). According to folklore, an architect misheard the Sultan's request for "altın minareler" (gold minarets) as "altı minare" (six minarets), at ... | 51,006 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
balconies. Before the muezzin or prayer caller had to climb a narrow spiral staircase five times a day to announce the call to prayer.
# Pope Benedict XVI's visit and silent meditation.
Pope Benedict XVI visited the Sultan Ahmed Mosque on 30 November 2006 during his visit to Turkey. It was only th... | 51,007 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
witness to true brotherhood.” The pontiff noted that Turkey “will be a bridge of friendship and collaboration between East and West”, and he thanked the Turkish people “for the cordiality and sympathy” they showed him throughout his stay, saying, “he felt loved and understood.”
# See also.
- Ottom... | 51,008 |
343727 | Sultan Ahmed Mosque | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan%20Ahmed%20Mosque | Sultan Ahmed Mosque
d collaboration between East and West”, and he thanked the Turkish people “for the cordiality and sympathy” they showed him throughout his stay, saying, “he felt loved and understood.”
# See also.
- Ottoman architecture
- List of mosques in Istanbul
- Hagia Sophia
- Çamlıca Mosque
- Shah Mosqu... | 51,009 |
343757 | Ceratogymna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceratogymna | Ceratogymna
Ceratogymna
Ceratogymna is a genus of large, primarily frugivorous hornbills (family Bucerotidae) found in the humid forests of Central and West Africa. They are sexually dimorphic: males are all black, while females have brown heads and a smaller casque. Unlike the members of the genus "Bycanistes", the t... | 51,010 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
Lord President of the Court of Session
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. T... | 51,011 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
the position on 18 December 2015. They are paid according to Salary Group 1.1 of the Judicial Salaries Scale, which in 2016 was £222,862.
# Remit and jurisdiction.
## Lord President of the Court of Session.
The current Lord President of the Court of Session is Lord Carloway, wh... | 51,012 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
and Courts (Scotland) Act 2008, the Lord President has authority over the judiciary of any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon. The Scottish Land Court, which until 1 April 2017 was administered separ... | 51,013 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
relating to the administration of justice by the Judicial Council for Scotland, which is a non-statutory body established in 2007. There had been plans for a statutory judges' council but these plans were abandoned in favour of a non-statutory council convened by the Lord Presiden... | 51,014 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
Oath.
In Scotland the Official Oath is taken before the Lord President of the Court of Session.
## Lord Justice General.
The Lord President is also the Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary "ex officio", with the two offices having been c... | 51,015 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
in the reign of King William the Lion. (Donnchad II, Earl of Fife)
- William Comyn
- Richard Comyn
- David, Earl of Huntingdon (died 1219)
- Walter Clifford, Justiciary of the Lothians
- 1216: Allan, Justiciary to King Alexander II
- 1224: William Cumin, Earl of Buchan
- Wa... | 51,016 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
for holding this post in 1374).
- 1437: James Douglas, Earl of Avondale and Lord Balveny
- 1446: Patrick de Ogilvy, Justiciary South of the Forth
- 1457: John, Lord Lindsay of the Byres, Justiciary South of the Forth
- William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney & Caithness (d.1480),... | 51,017 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
3rd Lord Glamis (died 1 April 1497), and John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond: "Justice-General"
- 1492: Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle, and John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis
- 1494: John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond (died c1519)
- 1504: Andrew Gray, 2nd Lord Gray, and John Kennedy, 2nd Lord K... | 51,018 |
343755 | Lord President of the Court of Session | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord%20President%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Session | Lord President of the Court of Session
rummond (died c1519)
- 1504: Andrew Gray, 2nd Lord Gray, and John Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy
- 1514: Colin Campbell, 3rd Earl of Argyll
- 1526: Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie
- 1532: Alexander Mylne, Abbot of Cambuskenneth
- 1537: Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll
- 156... | 51,019 |
343760 | Ocyceros | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocyceros | Ocyceros
Ocyceros
Ocyceros is a genus of birds in the family Bucerotidae. Established by Allan Octavian Hume in 1873, it contains the following species, which are limited to the Indian subcontinent.
# Description.
Hornbills in the genus "Ocyceros" are small Asian birds that have curved triangular bills and grey plum... | 51,020 |
343760 | Ocyceros | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocyceros | Ocyceros
ubcontinent.
# Description.
Hornbills in the genus "Ocyceros" are small Asian birds that have curved triangular bills and grey plumage, therefore being called "grey hornbills". They have black and grey eye rings and their eyes are usually dark with black irises like most birds. All of the species have differ... | 51,021 |
343768 | Lists of astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20astronauts | Lists of astronauts
Lists of astronauts
List of astronauts may refer to:
- List of astronauts by name
- List of space travelers by name
# By nationality.
- List of space travelers by nationality
- Timeline of space travel by nationality
- American astronauts
- List of Apollo astronauts
- Astronaut birthplaces ... | 51,022 |
343768 | Lists of astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20astronauts | Lists of astronauts
NASA Astronaut Group 14
- NASA Astronaut Group 15
- NASA Astronaut Group 16
- NASA Astronaut Group 17
- NASA Astronaut Group 18
- NASA Astronaut Group 19
- NASA Astronaut Group 20
- NASA Astronaut Group 21
- NASA Astronaut Group 22
- List of United States Marine Corps astronauts
- Canadian... | 51,023 |
343768 | Lists of astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20astronauts | Lists of astronauts
of Muslim astronauts
# By achievement.
- List of cumulative spacewalk records
- List of inductees in the International Space Hall of Fame
- List of International Space Station visitors
- List of Mir visitors
- List of Space Shuttle crews
- List of spacewalkers
- List of Salyut visitors
# Ot... | 51,024 |
343768 | Lists of astronauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists%20of%20astronauts | Lists of astronauts
Station visitors
- List of Mir visitors
- List of Space Shuttle crews
- List of spacewalkers
- List of Salyut visitors
# Other.
- List of astronauts by year of selection
- List of fictional astronauts
# Space flights.
- List of human spaceflights, 1961–70
- List of human spaceflights, 1971... | 51,025 |
343763 | Penelopides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelopides | Penelopides
Penelopides
Penelopides is the genus of relatively small, primarily frugivorous hornbills found in forests of the Philippines and the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Their common name, tarictic hornbills, is an onomatopoetic reference to the main call of several of them. They have a ridged plate-like struct... | 51,026 |
343763 | Penelopides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelopides | Penelopides
panini") by the English zoologist George Gray. The origin of Reichenbach's generic name is uncertain. It may be a combination of the Latin
"pene" meaning "almost" or "nearly", the Ancient Greek "lophos" meaning "crest" and "-oidēs" "resembling".
While the taxonomic history of the Sulawesi hornbill has bee... | 51,027 |
343763 | Penelopides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penelopides | Penelopides
aditionally, only a single Philippine species was recognized, the tarictic hornbill ("P. panini"). Following a review, it was recommended that it should be split into four allopatric species, the Visayan ("P. panini"), Luzon ("P. manillae"), Mindanao ("P. affinis"), and Mindoro ("P. mindorensis"). Today mos... | 51,028 |
343761 | Étienne Marc Quatremère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Étienne%20Marc%20Quatremère | Étienne Marc Quatremère
Étienne Marc Quatremère
Étienne Marc Quatremère (12 July 1782, Paris – 18 September 1857, Paris) was a French Orientalist.
# Biography.
Born into a Jansenist family, Étienne and his mother, who knew Latin, had to go into hiding in the countryside when his father, a clothing merchant made a me... | 51,029 |
343761 | Étienne Marc Quatremère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Étienne%20Marc%20Quatremère | Étienne Marc Quatremère
of Living Oriental Languages.
Employed in 1807 in the manuscript department of the imperial library, he passed to the chair of Greek in the university of Rouen in 1809, entered the Academy of Inscriptions in 1815, taught Hebrew and Aramaic in the Collège de France from 1819, and finally in 1838... | 51,030 |
343761 | Étienne Marc Quatremère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Étienne%20Marc%20Quatremère | Étienne Marc Quatremère
forced Jean-François Champollion, the famous decoder of the Rosetta stone, to publish, prematurely, an "Introduction" to his "L'Égypte sous les pharaons". Since both works concern the Coptic names of Egyptian towns, and Champollion's was published later, Champollion was accused by some of plagia... | 51,031 |
343761 | Étienne Marc Quatremère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Étienne%20Marc%20Quatremère | Étienne Marc Quatremère
of fifteenth-century Arabic and particularly in those lexicographic nuggets that had not been defined in the standard of Arabic dictionaries".
He published among other works "Mémoires sur les Nabatéens" (1835); a translation of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani's, (1247–1318), "Histoire des Mongols de la ... | 51,032 |
343761 | Étienne Marc Quatremère | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Étienne%20Marc%20Quatremère | Étienne Marc Quatremère
in the notes to his various works. His manuscript material for Syriac was utilized in Robert Payne Smith's "Thesaurus"; of the slips he collected for a projected Arabic, Persian and Turkish lexicon some account is given in the preface to Dozy, "Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes". They are now ... | 51,033 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
List of cosmonauts
This is a list of cosmonauts who have taken part in the missions of the Soviet space program and the Russian Federal Space Agency, including ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia are marked with an asterisk and their pl... | 51,034 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Vladimir Aksyonov — Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2
- Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
- Ivan Anikeyev (1933–1992) — Expelled from Vostok program; no flights.
- Anatoly Artsebarsky* — Soyuz TM-12
- Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soyuz 14
- Oleg Atkov — Soyuz T-10/11
- Toktar Aubakirov*... | 51,035 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
- Valery Bykovsky — Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29
## D.
- Vladimir Dezhurov — Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
- Georgy Dobrovolsky* (1928–1971), Died on reentry. — Soyuz 11
- Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15
- Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-... | 51,036 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36
- Georgi Grechko (1931–2017) — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13
- Aleksei Gubarev — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28
## I.
- Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz-T-6
- Anatoli Ivanishin — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz-MS-01
## K.
- Aleksandr Kaleri* — Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24,... | 51,037 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Soyuz TMA-17M
- Mikhail Korniyenko — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M
- Valery Korzun — Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113
- Oleg Kotov* — Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M
- Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4
- Konstantin Kozeyev — Soyuz TM-33/32
- Sergei Krikalev — Soyuz TM-7, S... | 51,038 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
TM-4/3
- Yuri Lonchakov* — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
- Vladimir Lyakhov* — Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5
## M.
- Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3
- Yuri Malenchenko* — Soyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyu... | 51,039 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
(1929–2004) — Vostok 3, Soyuz 9
- Oleg Novitski* — Soyuz TMA-06M
## O.
- Yuri Onufrienko* — Soyuz TM-23, STS-108/111
- Aleksey Ovchinin —Soyuz-TMA-20M
## P.
- Gennady Padalka — Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
- Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), died in reentry.... | 51,040 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
(1932–2002) — Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
- Sergei Ryazanski — Soyuz TMA-10M
- Valery Ryumin — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, STS-91
## S.
- Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
- Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15
- Viktor Savinykh — Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14, Soyuz-... | 51,041 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6
- Oleg Skripochka – Soyuz TMA-01M
- Aleksandr Skvortsov — Soyuz TMA-18
- Anatoly Solovyev* — Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
- Vladimir Solovyov — Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
- Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, So... | 51,042 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
— Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
- Mikhail Tyurin — STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M
## U.
- Yuri Usachov — Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-23, STS-101, STS-102/STS-105
## V.
- Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soyuz T-14
- Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20
- Pav... | 51,043 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
1
- Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
- Fyodor Yurchikhin* — STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M
## Z.
- Dmitri Zaikin (1932–2013) — No flights.
- Sergei Zalyotin – Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34
- Vitali Zholobov* — Soyuz 21
- Vyacheslav Zudov — Soyuz 23
# Easte... | 51,044 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
— Soyuz 33
- Cuba: Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez — Soyuz 38
- Czechoslovakia: Vladimír Remek — Soyuz 28
- East Germany: Sigmund Jähn — Soyuz 31/29
- Hungary: Bertalan Farkas — Soyuz 36/35
- Mongolia: Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa — Soyuz 39
- Poland: Mirosław Hermaszewski — Soyuz 30
- Romania: Dumitru Pru... | 51,045 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
including seven space tourists flying through the Space Adventures contract. Since 2001, the Soyuz has been used to transport ESA, JAXA, and NASA astronauts to the International Space Station. These space travelers are not always referred to as "cosmonauts", especially if they belong to another space... | 51,046 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
States:
- Joseph M. Acaba — Soyuz TMA-04M
- "Anousheh Ansari"* (Space Adventures) — Soyuz TMA-9/8
- Michael R. Barratt — Soyuz TMA-14
- Ken Bowersox — Soyuz TMA-1 (landing only)
- Daniel C. Burbank — Soyuz TMA-22
- Leroy Chiao — Soyuz TMA-5
- Timothy Creamer — Soyuz TMA-17
- Tracy Caldwell Dy... | 51,047 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
— Soyuz TMA-17M
- Michael Lopez-Alegria* — Soyuz TMA-9
- Ed Lu — Soyuz TMA-2
- Thomas Marshburn — Soyuz TMA-07M
- Richard Mastracchio — Soyuz TMA-11M
- William S. McArthur — Soyuz TMA-7
- Karen Nyberg — Soyuz TMA-09M
- "Gregory Olsen" (Space Adventures) — Soyuz TMA-7/6
- Donald Pettit — Soyuz... | 51,048 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Peggy Whitson — Soyuz TMA-11
- Jeffrey Williams — Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-16
- Sunita Williams — Soyuz TMA-05M
- Barry E. Wilmore — Soyuz TMA-14M
- Gregory R. Wiseman — Soyuz TMA-13M
## Asia.
- India: Rakesh Sharma (Intercosmos) — Soyuz T-11/10
- Japan:
- "Toyohiro Akiyama" — Soyuz TM-11/10
-... | 51,049 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
Winne, EAC — Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-15
- France:
- Jean-Loup Chrétien, CNES (Intercosmos) — Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6
- Léopold Eyharts, EAC — Soyuz TM-27/26
- Claudie André-Deshays Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-24/23, Soyuz TM-33/32
- Jean-Pierre Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-17/16, Soyuz TM-29
- Mi... | 51,050 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
EAC — Soyuz TMA-09M
- The Netherlands: André Kuipers, EAC — Soyuz TMA-4/3, Soyuz TMA-03M
- Slovakia: Ivan Bella — Soyuz TM-29/28
- Spain: Pedro Duque, EAC — Soyuz TMA-3/2
- United Kingdom: "Helen Sharman" — Soyuz TM-12/11
- Timothy Peake, EAC – Soyuz TMA-19M
# Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born... | 51,051 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
space flights.
## Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. / Azerbaijan.
- Musa Manarov, born in Baku, Azerbaijan
## Byelorussian S.S.R. / Belarus.
- Pyotr Klimuk, born in Komarovka, Belarus.
- Vladimir Kovalyonok, born in Beloye, Belarus
- Oleg Novitski, born in Chervyen', Belarus
## Georgian S.S.R. / Georgia.
-... | 51,052 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
S.S.R. / Kyrgyzstan.
- Salizhan Sharipov, born in Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan
## Latvian S.S.R. / Latvia.
- Aleksandr Kaleri, born in Jūrmala, Latvia
- Anatoly Solovyev, born in Riga, Latvia
## Turkmen S.S.R. / Turkmenistan.
- Oleg Kononenko, born in Chardzhou, Turkmenistan
## Ukrainian S.S.R. / Ukraine... | 51,053 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
born in Svitlovodsk, Ukraine
- Yuri Onufriyenko, born in Ryasne, Ukraine
- Leonid Popov, born in Oleksandriia, Ukraine
- Pavel Popovich, born in Uzyn, Ukraine.
- Georgi Shonin, born in Rovenky, Ukraine
- Vasili Tsibliyev, born in Horikhivka, Ukraine
- Vladimir Vasyutin, born in Kharkiv, Ukraine... | 51,054 |
343764 | List of cosmonauts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cosmonauts | List of cosmonauts
in Ryasne, Ukraine
- Leonid Popov, born in Oleksandriia, Ukraine
- Pavel Popovich, born in Uzyn, Ukraine.
- Georgi Shonin, born in Rovenky, Ukraine
- Vasili Tsibliyev, born in Horikhivka, Ukraine
- Vladimir Vasyutin, born in Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Igor Volk, born in Zmiiv, Ukraine
- Aleksandr Volk... | 51,055 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
Southern ground hornbill
The southern ground hornbill ("Bucorvus leadbeateri"; formerly known as "Bucorvus cafer"), is one of two species of ground hornbill, which are both found solely within Africa, and is the largest species of hornbill worldwide. It can be found in the southern regions of ... | 51,056 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
found in high in tree cavities or other shallow cavities, such as rock holes in cliff faces. These birds are a long lived species, having lifespans in the range of 50-60 years, and up to 70 in captivity. In relation to their long lives, they do not reach sexual maturity until 4-6 years old, and... | 51,057 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
have been declining, due in part to persecution, habitat destruction, cultural beliefs, and other factors. They are listed globally as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN as of 2018, and ‘Endangered’ in South Africa, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland.
# Description.
This is a large bird, at long. Females w... | 51,058 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
southern ground hornbill is characterized by black coloration and vivid red patches of bare skin on the face and throat (yellow in juvenile birds), which are generally believed to keep dust out of the birds eyes while they forage during the dry season. The white tips of the wings (primary feath... | 51,059 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
Namibia and Angola to northern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe to Burundi and Kenya. And Hawaii as they have escaped the Honolulu Zoo. They require a savanna habitat with large trees for nesting and dense but short grass for foraging.
The southern ground hornbill is a vulnerable species, ma... | 51,060 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
trees in which to build nests.
Southern ground hornbill groups are very vocal: contact is made by calls in chorus which can usually be heard at distances of up to . The calls allow each group to maintain its territories, which must be as large as even in the best habitat.
# Breeding and life ... | 51,061 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
for rearing young as an adult.
In captivity, a maximum lifespan of 70 years is recorded, and it is generally believed that the life expectancy of a bird that survives long enough to fledge is as high as thirty years or more, which is comparable to more famously long-lived birds like the wander... | 51,062 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
are pure white in colour but very rough in texture.
The period of parental dependence following a 40 to 45-day incubation period and an 85-day fledging period is between one and two years depending on climatic conditions before young are independent of parents and helpers, which is the longest... | 51,063 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
on the species have been carried out, it is listed as endangered. They have also been classified as endangered in Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. Southern ground hornbills in these countries, along with Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, require conservation intervention... | 51,064 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
by human populations has continued to be a complex issue. Recent studies have found the species has been hunted more than previously believed, including in protected areas. The majority of this hunting has likely been opportunistic. Overall, hunting is likely not a key driver for their lowering... | 51,065 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
have been known to kill birds that destroy property.
The role of southern ground hornbills in a variety of cultural beliefs also influence conservation efforts. Some of these beliefs actually benefit their preservation. An example is the Ndebele, who believe killing southern ground hornbills i... | 51,066 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
For example the Ndebele healers use the bird for traditional medicine, but must follow a strict ritual process that could take months or years to prepare. Additional research documents plant alternatives to southern ground hornbill use for cultural belief uses. While investigation into traditio... | 51,067 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
grounds, agricultural changes, all deeply affect the ability of southern ground hornbills to flourish properly. Due to the encroachment of human populations, it is not unheard of to see a group’s territory encompass a variety of areas, from pristine habitats to commercial agricultural lands.
S... | 51,068 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
southern ground hornbills have proven challenging.
# In culture.
The southern ground hornbill’s loud voice and large size have made it a focal point in many traditional African cultures. They have inspired a variety of cultural beliefs throughout many peoples that are within its vast historic... | 51,069 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
beliefs have been most prevalent in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Malawi; spread across many countries and peoples. Some residents of Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique associate the bird as “[an] unlucky and an aggressive bird associated with evil and death.” Some in Tanzania also ... | 51,070 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
considered taboo and will bring death upon the killer. Furthermore, the Ndebele believe an elderly person will die if a southern ground hornbill comes near the home. The AmaXhosa people also have a taboo against killing them, as they may be messengers of death sent by a witch-doctor.
## Associ... | 51,071 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
has attributed the southern ground hornbill with the ability to provide protection from weather related problems. It is believed that if the proper traditional ritual is used, the bird can protect against lightning and drought. Rituals differ per culture and necessity for protection, as such a ... | 51,072 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
are found country to country. In Malawi, some believe that sightings of southern ground hornbills means the fields should be prepared. Some in Kenya and Tanzania use the bird as a marker for the dry season and thus time when to move cattle. Within areas of South Africa, their calls are associat... | 51,073 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
Associations with altered perceptions.
Possibly influenced by the southern ground hornbill ability to spot and hunt small creatures within tall grass, it has been associated with the ability to alter human perceptions. Though traditional rituals, the bird can be utilized to improve or change a... | 51,074 |
343756 | Southern ground hornbill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern%20ground%20hornbill | Southern ground hornbill
more, it's believed by some that the southern ground hornbill can be used to alter the perceptions of oneself. Thus, it has lent itself to be used through rituals to provide authority for leaders in certain cultures.
The following are other cultural uses seen in numerous areas, but not deeply ... | 51,075 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
Mark Hatfield
Mark Odom Hatfield (July 12, 1922 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and educator from the state of Oregon. A Republican, he served for 30 years as a United States Senator from Oregon, and also as chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. A native Oregonian, he served in th... | 51,076 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
34 and two years later was elected as the 29th Governor of Oregon. He was the youngest person to ever serve in either of those offices, and served two terms as governor before election to the United States Senate. In the Senate he served for 30 years, and now holds the record for longest tenure of any Sen... | 51,077 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
and research-related projects. Several Oregon institutions, buildings and facilities are named in his honor, including the Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse in Portland, the Mark O. Hatfield Library at Willamette University (his alma mater), the Hatfield Government Center light-rail station in Hil... | 51,078 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
Early life.
Hatfield was born in Dallas, Oregon, on July 12, 1922, the only son of Dovie E. (Odom) Hatfield, a schoolteacher, and Charles Dolen Hatfield, a blacksmith for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Hatfield's father was from California and his mother from Tennessee. When he was five years old, his ma... | 51,079 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
he campaigned in his neighborhood for President Herbert Hoover's 1932 re-election campaign. In the late 1930s Hatfield worked as a tour guide at the new Oregon State Capitol Building in Salem, using his key to enter the governor's office, where he sat in the governor's chair.
On June 10, 1940, the 17-yea... | 51,080 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
School) in 1940 and then enrolled at Willamette University, also in Salem. While attending Willamette, Hatfield became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega and Kappa Gamma Rho, which he later helped become a chapter of Beta Theta Pi. (In 1964, Hatfield was elected to the National position of Third Vice President ... | 51,081 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
United States Senate, with a blank for any position beyond the Senate. Hatfield graduated from Willamette in 1943 with a Bachelor of Arts degree after three years at the school. While at the school he lost his only election, for student body president.
Hatfield joined the U.S. Navy after graduation, taki... | 51,082 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
he witnessed firsthand the wealth divide between the peasant Vietnamese and the colonial French bourgeoisie. After his discharge, he spent one year at Willamette's law school, but decided politics or teaching better suited him.
Hatfield then enrolled at Stanford University, where he obtained a master's d... | 51,083 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
office in both the legislative and executive branches of Oregon's state government, including two terms as governor. On the national stage he became the longest serving U.S. Senator from Oregon and a candidate for the Republican Vice Presidential nomination in 1968. In the U.S. Senate he would twice serve... | 51,084 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
still determined by county-wide votes. He served for two terms representing Marion County and Salem in the lower chamber of the Oregon Legislative Assembly. At the time he was the youngest legislator in Oregon and still lived at his parents' home. Hatfield would teach early-morning classes and then walk a... | 51,085 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
against African Americans in Salem when he was tasked by his fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega, after a dinner with driving their guest, black artist Paul Robeson back to Portland, as African Americans were prohibited from staying in hotels in Salem. In 1953, he introduced and passed legislation in the House th... | 51,086 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
base.
After serving in the state senate, he became the youngest secretary of state in Oregon history after winning election in 1956 at age 34. Hatfield defeated fellow state senator Monroe Sweetland for the office, receiving 51.3% of the vote in the November general election. He took office on January 7,... | 51,087 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
July 1958, after the primary election, Hatfield married Antoinette Kuzmanich, a counselor at Portland State College (now Portland State University). The marriage during the campaign drew some attention as the Catholic Kuzmanich converted to Hatfield's Baptist religion. They had four children: Elizabeth, M... | 51,088 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
final days of the campaign U.S. Senator Wayne Morse, a Democrat, implied Hatfield lied in his trial regarding the deadly car accident when he was 17. This tactic backfired as the press denounced the comments, as did Holmes and other Democrats. Hatfield defeated Holmes, winning 55.3% of the vote in the ele... | 51,089 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
to appoint David O'Hara as Secretary of State to replace Hatfield, who would have to resign to become governor. Hatfield appointed Howell Appling, Jr. to the office, and O'Hara challenged the appointment in state court. The Oregon Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hatfield on the constitutional issue, with ... | 51,090 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
He became the state's first two-term governor in the 20th century when he was re-elected in 1962, and later became only the second governor up to that point in the state's history to serve two full-terms.
Hatfield gave the keynote speech at the 1964 Republican National Convention in San Francisco that no... | 51,091 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
opposed the war, but pledged "unqualified and complete support" for the troops. He preferred the use of economic sanctions to end the war.
Hatfield was a popular Governor who supported Oregon's traditional industries of timber and agriculture, but felt that in the postwar era expansion of industry and fu... | 51,092 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
(Portland State was still a college with no graduate programs at this time) was seen by business leaders as essential to attracting new industries and by Tektronix as needed to retain highly skilled workers. In lieu of the standard portrait for former governors, Hatfield is represented by a marble bust at... | 51,093 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
At that time the war was supported by 75 percent of the public, and was also supported by Hatfield's opponent in the November election. He won the primary election with 178,782 votes compared to a combined 56,760 votes for three opponents. Hatfield then defeated Democratic Congressman Robert Duncan in the... | 51,094 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
the strong backing of his friend, the Rev. Billy Graham. Hatfield was considered too liberal by many conservatives and Southern moderates, and Nixon chose the more centrist Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew. Hatfield would later find himself at odds with Nixon over Vietnam and other issues, including a threat... | 51,095 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
Rothbard remarked concerning Hatfield, "obviously his voting record is not particularly libertarian—it's very good on foreign policy and the draft, but it's not too great on other things", adding that "in the abstract, at least, he is very favorable to libertarianism." Hatfield was pro-life on the issues ... | 51,096 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
called for a complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam. In 1973 he explained to the Eugene Register-Guard his "Neighborhood Government Act" which he repeatedly introduced in congress. It would have permitted Americans to divert their personal federal tax money from Washington to their local communit... | 51,097 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
MX missiles proposal that would divert the silo system by $334 million as well as earmark further research for other methods that would allow giant missiles to be based. The vote was seen as a rebuff of the Reagan administration.
In the 1980s, Hatfield co-sponsored nuclear freeze legislation with Senator... | 51,098 |
343742 | Mark Hatfield | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark%20Hatfield | Mark Hatfield
support for non-interventionism, such as military spending and the ban on travel to Cuba, while often siding with them on environmental and conservation issues. Senator Hatfield supported increased logging on federal lands. He was the lone Republican to vote against the 1981 fiscal year's appropriations b... | 51,099 |
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