wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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750922 | Masalit people | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masalit%20people | Masalit people
Masalit dialect is spoken to the east and north of Geneina.
The Masalit language is most closely related to the Marfa, Maba and Karanga languages. It shares 45% of its vocabulary with Marfa, 42% with Maba, and 36% with Karanga.
Most Masalit are bilingual in Arabic, except in the central area, where the... | 53,000 |
750922 | Masalit people | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masalit%20people | Masalit people
populations. The remaining Masalit individuals are primarily carriers of the A3b2 lineage (18.8%), which is instead common among Nilotes.
Maternally, the Masalit entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the macrohaplogroup L according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the L0a1 (14.6%) and ... | 53,001 |
750922 | Masalit people | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masalit%20people | Masalit people
aining Masalit individuals are primarily carriers of the A3b2 lineage (18.8%), which is instead common among Nilotes.
Maternally, the Masalit entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the macrohaplogroup L according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the L0a1 (14.6%) and L1c (12.2%) lineages... | 53,002 |
750901 | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britain%20Goes%20Wild%20with%20Bill%20Oddie | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie
Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie
Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie is a live BBC TV show, broadcast nightly, Monday – Thursday, from 31 May 2004 to 17 June 2004.
Following on from the previous year's "Wild In Your Garden", presenters Bill Oddie, Kate Humble and Simon King spent one ... | 53,003 |
750901 | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britain%20Goes%20Wild%20with%20Bill%20Oddie | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie
a quarry observing a family of peregrine falcons in the second week, at the London Wetlands Centre in the third week, and joining Oddie and Humble on the farm for the final programme.
It set a record for its timeslot of 8pm on BBC Two on its first evening of broadcast of 3.4 million v... | 53,004 |
750901 | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britain%20Goes%20Wild%20with%20Bill%20Oddie | Britain Goes Wild with Bill Oddie
f 3.4 million viewers — one million more than the Channel 4 programme showing at that time. It also created a run on nest boxes for wild birds and bumble bees, bird baths and bird feed from suppliers, likened to the Delia power phenomenon created when Delia Smith mentioned the tools an... | 53,005 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
United States Senate Committee on Finance
The United States Senate Committee on Finance (or, less formally, Senate Finance Committee) is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The Committee concerns itself with matters relating to taxation and other revenue measures... | 53,006 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
and related matters thereto; and the transportation of dutiable goods. It is considered to be one of the most powerful committees in Congress.
# History.
The Committee on Finance is one of the original committees established in the Senate. First created on December 11, 1815, ... | 53,007 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
an influential role in the most heated topics of the era; including numerous tariffs issues and the Bank War. The committee was also influential in the creation of the Department of Interior in 1849. Under the Chairmanship of William Pitt Fessenden, the committee played a decis... | 53,008 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
The Senate followed this example by forming the Appropriations Committee in 1867.
Despite the loss of one of its signature duties the committee continued to play a prominent role in the major issues of the nation. The committee was at the center of the debate over the silver q... | 53,009 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
a new income tax law. The Supreme Court's decision in ruled the income tax as unconstitutional, since it was not based on apportionment. The fight for an income tax finally culminated with the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909. In order to pass the new tariff Senate leaders, inc... | 53,010 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
it successfully passed the War Risk Insurance Act of 1917. The act shifted pensions from gratuities to benefits and which served as one of the first life insurance programs created under the federal government.
The Finance Committee continued to play an increasingly important ... | 53,011 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
reached a crescendo in 1944 with the passage of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. Senator Bennett "Champ" Clark, who served as the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Veterans, assured smooth sailing of the bill through the Senate. The bill not only ended the usual demands from re... | 53,012 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
tariffs and had a negative effect on the nation's economy. Following traditional economic practices the members of the committee, including Chairman Reed Smoot, felt that protection of American businesses was required in order to buoy them during the dire economic times. The ef... | 53,013 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
created under the New Deal. The committee received jurisdiction over the National Industrial Recovery Act because of tax code changes in the bill. The new bureaucracy was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's attempt to stimulate the economy and promote jobs for unemployed American... | 53,014 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
to the payroll taxes that would be enacted to pay for the new program. The act was the first effort by the federal government to provide benefits to the elderly and the unemployed. The act greatly enhanced the economic welfare of many elderly Americans.
In 1981, a Senate Resol... | 53,015 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
has jurisdiction over Medicaid.) The other difference in terms of power is that all revenue raising measures must originate in the House giving the Ways and Means Committee a slight edge in setting tax policy. In addition to having jurisdiction over legislation the Committee ha... | 53,016 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974;
- 2. Customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery;
- 3. Deposit of public moneys;
- 4. General revenue sharing;
- 5. Health programs under the Social Security Act and health programs financed by a specific tax or tr... | 53,017 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
trade, Social Security, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, interest on the national debt, and healthcare finance - including Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program - the Senate Committee on Finance is arguably one of the most influential standing c... | 53,018 |
750795 | United States Senate Committee on Finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United%20States%20Senate%20Committee%20on%20Finance | United States Senate Committee on Finance
including Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program - the Senate Committee on Finance is arguably one of the most influential standing committees in either house of Congress. In consequence of its broad jurisdiction, a wide array of senators with differing... | 53,019 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Thule Air Base
Thule Air Base, or Thule Air Base/Pituffik Airport , is the United States Air Force's northernmost base, located north of the Arctic Circle and from the North Pole on the northwest coast of the island of Greenland.
Thule Air Base is the US Armed Forces' northernmost installation. Thule's... | 53,020 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Command (NORAD) and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC).
Thule Air Base is also home to the 821st Air Base Group and is responsible for air base support within the Thule Defense Area for the multinational population of "Team Thule". The base hosts the 12th Space Warning Squadron (12 SWS) which operates a Ba... | 53,021 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
the world. Thule is the only Air Force Base with an assigned tugboat. The tugboat is used to assist ship movements in the harbor during the summer and is hauled onto shore during the winter season. The tugboat is also used for daily sightseeing tours of Northstar Bay during the summer. Additionally, for ... | 53,022 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
a research rocket firing site. It also was essential in the construction and resupply of High Arctic weather stations, including CFS Alert (Alert Airport) and Station Nord.
# Name.
"Thule" is named for Ultima Thule (Latin, "farthest Thule"), a medieval name for the land farthest to the north. The name ... | 53,023 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
made first contact with nomadic Inuktun in the area. James Saunders's expedition aboard HMS "North Star" was marooned in North Star Bay 1849–50 and named landmarks. Robert Peary built a support station by a protected harbor at the foot of iconic Mount Dundas in 1892. It served as a base camp for his expe... | 53,024 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Islands. Denmark assumed control of the village in 1937.
A cluster of huts known as Pituffik ("the place the dogs are tied") stood on the wide plain where the base was built in 1951. (A main base street was named Pituffik Boulevard.) The affected locals moved to Thule. However, in 1953 the USAF planned ... | 53,025 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
by the Danish government that the movement was a serious interference and an unlawful act against the local population. The Thule tribe was awarded damages of 500,000 kroner, and the individual members of the tribe who had been exposed to the transfer were granted compensation of 15,000 or 25,000 each. A... | 53,026 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
PBY Catalina flying boats to Thule on 24 August 1942 and then sent a report advocating an air base to USAAF chief Henry "Hap" Arnold. However, the 1951 air base site is a few miles inland from the original 1946 airstrip and across the bay from the historical Thule settlement, to which it is connected by ... | 53,027 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
the Danish colonies on Greenland from German aggression – this agreement faced Kauffmann with a charge of high treason by the protectorate Government. The first US-sponsored installations at Thule were established after the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull and the defected Danish Minister to the United... | 53,028 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
and the War Department established weather and radio stations at Narsarsuaq Airport (Bluie West-1), Sondrestrom Air Base (Bluie West-8), Ikateq (Bluie East Two), and Gronnedal (Bluie West-9). In 1943 the Army Air Forces set up weather stations Scoresbysund (Bluie East-3) on the east coast around the sout... | 53,029 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
a gravel airstrip and an upper-air (balloon) observatory. This was part of an American-Canadian initiative to construct joint weather stations in the High Arctic. This station was under joint US-Danish operation. The location changed from the civilian village at Thule (Dundas) to mainland Pittufik. In 19... | 53,030 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
that the owner nation's flag must be raised as well as the controlling nation. International Law also states that no nations flag can fly higher than any other nations flag when flown together, except when the countries are at war, when the enemy's flag is either not present, or flown at 3/4 mast.)
## M... | 53,031 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
northernmost port to be reliably resupplied by ship. Thule became a key point in American nuclear retaliation strategy. Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombers flying over the Arctic presented less risk of early warning than using bases in the United Kingdom. Defensively, Thule could serve as a base for inte... | 53,032 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
with respect to Greenland was ratified on 27 April 1951 (effective on 8 June 1951). At the request of NATO, the agreement became a part of the NATO defense program. The pact specified that the two nations would arrange for the use of facilities in Greenland by NATO forces in defense of the NATO area know... | 53,033 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
of men, supplies, and equipment from the naval shipyards in Norfolk, Virginia. On 6 June 1951 an armada of 120 shipments sailed from Naval Station Norfolk. On board were 12,000 men and 300,000 tons of cargo. They arrived at Thule on 9 July 1951. Construction, aided by continuous daylight in summer, took ... | 53,034 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
as a Strategic Air Command installation, Thule would periodically serve as a dispersal base for B-36 Peacemaker and B-47 Stratojet aircraft during the 1950s, as well as providing an ideal site to test the operability and maintainability of these weapon systems in extreme cold weather. Similar operations ... | 53,035 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
one of two RB-47H aircraft made polar flights to inspect Soviet defenses. Five KC-97s prepared for flight with engines running in temperatures of in order to ensure three could achieve airborne status. After a two-hour head start, a B-47 would catch up with them at the northeast coastline of Greenland wh... | 53,036 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
and the B-47 had to additionally fly to one of three equidistant alternates: England, Alaska, or Labrador. All of this sometimes took place in moonless, 24-hour Arctic darkness, December through February. These flights demonstrated the capabilities of the US Strategic Air Command to Soviet Anti-Air Defen... | 53,037 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Thule Air Base would act as a supply station for the DYE bases.
## Aerospace defense.
In 1957 construction began on 4 Nike Missile sites around the base, and they and their radar systems were operational by the end of 1958.
In 1961, a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) radar was constructe... | 53,038 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
at Thule. The base host unit was discontinued. By January 1968, the population of Thule was down to 3,370. On 21 January 1968, a B-52G bomber carrying four nuclear weapons crashed just outside Thule – see below.
Thule is the location where the fastest recorded sea level surface wind speed in the world w... | 53,039 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
21st Space Wing), a Ballistic Missile Early Warning Site designed to detect and track ICBMs launched against North America. Missile warning and space surveillance information flows to NORAD command centers located at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. Thule is also host to Detachment 1 of the 23rd Space ... | 53,040 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
600 personnel were serving at Thule, a mix of mostly US and Danish active duty personnel and contractors.
There is only a brief period each year in the summer when sea ice thins sufficiently to send supply ships to the base. The US sends one heavy supply ship each summer in what is called Operation Pace... | 53,041 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Major air units assigned.
- 6622d Air Base Squadron, 20 July 1951
- Redesignated: 6612th Air Base Group, 1 January 1952
- Redesignated: 6607th Air Base Wing, 1 June 19541 April 1957
- 318th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, 1 July 19535 August 1954
- 74th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 20 August 195425 J... | 53,042 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Squadron, 9 September 19552 November 1955; 5 September 195615 December 1956
- Detached from 380th Bombardment Wing, Plattsburgh AFB, New York
- 42d Air Refueling Squadron, 2 November 195528 December 1955; 1 January 19577 March 1957
- Detached from 42d Bombardment Wing, Loring AFB, Maine
- 71st Air Re... | 53,043 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Air Refueling Squadron, 29 October 195630 December 1956
- Detached from 340th Bombardment Wing, Whiteman AFB, Missouri
- 100th Air Refueling Squadron c. 2 Jan 19582 Apr 1958, Detached from 100th Bomb Wing Pease AFB New Hampshire
- 509th Air Refueling Squadron c. 3 Apr 19584 Jul 1959, Detached from 509... | 53,044 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
1965
- 327th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 3 July 195825 March 1960
- 332d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1 September 19601 July 1965
- OL-5, 6594th Test Wing (Satellite), Air Force Systems Command, 15 October 1961
- Redesignated: 22nd Space Operations Squadron, 1 June 1997
- Redesignated: Det 3, 22d... | 53,045 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Redesignated: 4685th Air Base Squadron, 1 October 198031 March 1981
- 821st Air Base Group, 1 June 2002present
## Major Army units assigned.
- 4th Battalion, 55th Artillery, 1 Sep 195820 Dec 1965. (Nike)
- 7th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group, 1 July 1955 – 20 December 1965 (Redesignated 7th Artillery G... | 53,046 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Base, New York, on a secret airborne nuclear alert crashed and burned on the ice near Thule Air Base. The impact detonated the high explosives in the primary units of all four of the B28 nuclear bombs it carried, but nuclear and thermonuclear reactions did not take place due to the PAL and fail-safe mech... | 53,047 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
health of the Thule workers and found no evidence of increased mortality or cancer.
The Pentagon maintained that all four weapons had been destroyed. Although many of the details of the accident are still classified, some information was released by the US authorities under the Freedom of Information Ac... | 53,048 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
Carrier. Schuyler Line operates under government contract to supply sustainment and building supplies to the Base.
# Geography.
Thule is an unincorporated enclave within Avannaata municipality in northern Greenland. The permanent population of the base was 235 as of 1 January 2005.
# See also.
- Etah... | 53,049 |
750735 | Thule Air Base | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thule%20Air%20Base | Thule Air Base
).
- Ravenstein, Charles A. "Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977". Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. .
- Fletcher, Harry R. (1989) Air Force Bases Volume II, Active Air Force Bases outside the United States of America on 17 September 1982. Maxw... | 53,050 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
Introspective
Introspective is the third studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys. It was released on 10 October 1988 by Parlophone. It is the duo's second best-selling album after "Very" (1993), selling over 4.5 million copies worldwide.
It is so named because "all the songs, although it's a... | 53,051 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
Instead of releasing an album of regular-length (3–5-minute) songs, then releasing more lengthy remixes of those songs on subsequent singles, "Introspective" was released as an LP consisting of songs that all lasted six minutes or more. Songs from the album that were released as singles were released as s... | 53,052 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
two songs), only two were actually written specifically for this project— those being "Left to My Own Devices" and "Domino Dancing". "Always on My Mind" and "It's Alright" are both cover versions, "I Want a Dog" is a song that previously appeared as B-side of the single "Rent", and "I'm Not Scared" is the... | 53,053 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
digitally remastered and came with a second disc of B-sides and previously unreleased material from around the time of the album's original release. Yet another re-release followed on 9 February 2009, under the title "Introspective: Remastered". This version contains only the six tracks on the original. W... | 53,054 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
as he felt that the 12-inch nature of the songs may have put some fans off the band and that this probably impacted on the sales of "Behaviour", the subsequent album which is critically regarded as the Pet Shop Boys' finest album but commercially is one of their least successful. Nevertheless, "Introspect... | 53,055 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
– 8:16
- 2. "I Want a Dog" – 6:15
- 3. "Domino Dancing" – 7:40
- 4. "I'm Not Scared" – 7:23
- 5. "Always on My Mind/In My House" – 9:05
- 6. "It's Alright" – 9:24
## "Further Listening 1988–1989".
- 1. "I Get Excited (You Get Excited Too)" (Full Length 12" Mix) – 5:35 **
- 2. "Don Juan" (demo vers... | 53,056 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
to My Own Devices" (7" mix) – 4:47
- 12. "It's Alright" (10" version) – 4:47
- 13. "One of the Crowd" – 3:56
- 14. "It's Alright" (7" version) – 4:20
- 15. "Your Funny Uncle" – 2:18
Notes
- (*) Previously unreleased.
- (**) Not the same version featured on "Alternative".
# Personnel.
- Neil Tenna... | 53,057 |
750909 | Introspective | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introspective | Introspective
Niles – orchestra arrangement and conduction on track 1
- Sally Bradshaw – additional vocals on track 1
- Josh Milan - piano solo on track 2
- Fro Sossa and Mike Bakst - additional keyboards on track 3
- Nestor Gomez – guitar on track 3
- Tony Conception, Kenneth William Faulk, Dana Tebor and Ed Call... | 53,058 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Liberté, égalité, fraternité (), French for "liberty, equality, fraternity", is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto a... | 53,059 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
organization of the National Guard"" () on 5 December 1790, article XVI, and disseminated widely throughout France by the popular Societies.
Credit for the motto has been given also to Antoine-François Momoro (1756–94), a Parisian printer and Hébertist organizer, though in different contex... | 53,060 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation. The historian Mona Ozouf underlines that, although "Liberté" and "Égalité" were associated as a motto during the 18th century, "Fraternité" wasn't always included in it, and other terms, such as "Amitié" (Friendship), "Cha... | 53,061 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Nation, la Loi, le Roi"" (The Nation, The Law, The King), or ""Union, Force, Vertu"" (Union, Strength, Virtue), a slogan used beforehand by masonic lodges, or ""Force, Égalité, Justice"" (Strength, Equality, Justice), ""Liberté, Sûreté, Propriété"" (Liberty, Security, Property), etc.
In ot... | 53,062 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
being ignored by the "Cahiers de doléances" as well as by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It was only alluded to in the 1791 Constitution, as well as in Robespierre's draft Declaration of 1793, placed under the invocation of (in that order) "égalité, liberté, s... | 53,063 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Citizen of 1789 defined liberty in Article 4 as follows:
Equality, on the other hand, was defined by the 1789 Declaration in terms of judicial equality and merit-based entry to government (art. 6):
"Liberté, égalité, fraternité" actually finds its origins in a May 1791 proposition by the ... | 53,064 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
ensured equality, unless the latter was to be the equality of all dominated by a despot; while liberty followed equality ensured by the rule of law. The abstract generality of law (theorized by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in "The Social Contract") thus ensured the identification of liberty to equ... | 53,065 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
temperament inclined rather to equality than liberty, a theme which would be re-used by Pierre Louis Roederer and Alexis de Tocqueville, while Jacques Necker considered that an equal society could only be found on coercion.
The third term, "fraternité", was the most problematic to insert i... | 53,066 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
June 1789, refusing the dissolution ordered by the King Louis XVI: "We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations." Fraternity was thus issue... | 53,067 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
object of a free pact; the other preceded liberty and equality as the mark on its work of the divine craftsman."
Another hesitation concerning the compatibility of the three terms arose from the opposition between liberty and equality as individualistic values, and fraternity as the realiz... | 53,068 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
a strong dichotomy between those who were brothers and those who were not (in the sense of "you are with me or against me", brother or foe). Louis de Saint-Just thus stigmatized Anarchasis Cloots' cosmopolitanism, declaring "Cloots liked the universe, except France."
With Thermidor and the... | 53,069 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
itself, as none believed possible to conciliate individual liberty and equality of rights with equality of results and fraternity. The idea of individual sovereignty and of natural rights possessed by man before being united in the collectivity contradicted the possibility of establishing a... | 53,070 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
equality contradicted equity by a brutal levelling of individualities. Utopian socialism thus only valued fraternity, which was, in Cabet's Icarie the sole commandment.
This opposition between liberals and socialists was mirrored in rival historical interpretations of the Revolution, liber... | 53,071 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
"Indivisible Trinity," far-left booklets or during the Canuts Revolt in Lyon. In 1834, the lawyer of the Society of the Rights of Man (Société des droits de l'homme), Dupont, a liberal sitting in the far-left during the July Monarchy, associated the three terms together in the "Revue Républ... | 53,072 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
thus gave a Christian interpretation of the revolutionary motto, stating in the 1841 conclusion to his "Mémoires d'outre-tombe":
Neither Chateaubriand nor Ballanche considered the three terms to be antagonistic. Rather, they took them for being the achievement of Christianity. On the other... | 53,073 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
the primordial importance of an original individualistic right. Michelet attempted to conciliate a rational communication with a fraternal communication, "right beyond right", and thus the rival traditions of socialism and liberalism. The republican tradition would strongly inspire itself f... | 53,074 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
conceded the Republican motto of "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité", written on the flag, on which a red rosette was also to be added.
Fraternity was then considered to resume and to contain both Liberty and Equality, being a form of civil religion (which, far from opposing itself to Christian... | 53,075 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
of the Christ bringing forth peace to the poor and war to the rich.
As soon as 6 January 1852, the future Napoleon III, first President of the Republic, ordered all prefects to erase the triptych from all official documents and buildings, conflated with insurrection and disorder. Auguste C... | 53,076 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Commune and Third Republic.
Pache, mayor of the Paris Commune, painted the formula "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, ou la mort" on the walls of the commune. It was only under the Third Republic that the motto was made official. It was then not dissociated with insurrection and revolutionary ... | 53,077 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
liberty to be an empty dream, equality an insanity, and only kept fraternity. Charles Péguy, renewing with Lamennais' thought, kept fraternity and liberty, excluding equality, seen as an abstract repartition between individuals reduced to homogeneity, opposing "fraternity" as a sentiment pu... | 53,078 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
adopting another motto, ""déterminisme, inégalité, sélection"" (determinism, inequality, selection). But, according to Ozouf, the sole use of a triptych was the sign of the influence of the republican motto, despite it being corrupted in its opposite.
# 20th century.
During the German occ... | 53,079 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
the Liberation, the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF) re-established the Republican motto "Liberté, égalité, fraternité", which is incorporated into both the 1946 and the 1958 French constitutions.
# Other nations.
Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of "l... | 53,080 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Federal Constitution, and this is printed on party membership cards.
The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that
consists of a white equilateral triangle, symbolizing liberty,
equality, and fraternity; a horizontal blue stripe for peace,
truth, and justice; and a horizont... | 53,081 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
controlled by the French republic, rather than the Catholic Church.
Some former colonies of the French Republic (such as Haiti, Chad, Niger, and Gabon) have adopted similar three-word mottos.
The terms are also referred to in the film trilogy Three Colors by Krzysztof Kieślowski.
# See a... | 53,082 |
750813 | Liberté, égalité, fraternité | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberté,%20égalité,%20fraternité | Liberté, égalité, fraternité
olic Church.
Some former colonies of the French Republic (such as Haiti, Chad, Niger, and Gabon) have adopted similar three-word mottos.
The terms are also referred to in the film trilogy Three Colors by Krzysztof Kieślowski.
# See also.
- List of political slogans
- Give me liberty or... | 53,083 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
Frieda (Peanuts)
Frieda is a character in the comic strip "Peanuts" by Charles Schulz. According to Schulz, Frieda's character was inspired by his longtime friend Frieda Rich, a local artist whom he met while taking classes at the Art Instruction Schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was a regular in... | 53,084 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
Movie" as 'Frieda Rich', where she places 12th in the test results.
# Character outline.
## Appearance.
Frieda has red "naturally" curly hair, of which she is quite proud. She was the only girl on Charlie Brown's baseball team to not wear a cap because it would cover up her "naturally" curly hair. S... | 53,085 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
first since Sally was born in 1959. She was initially presented, in both the advance press release and the first few strips, as Linus' schoolmate. She sat behind him in class, and although he considered her a friend, he also confessed that because she was such a chatterbox, he hadn't heard a word their... | 53,086 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
tell her that they're "not" jealous of her hair), and also that "people expect more of her" because she has it. Nevertheless, enough people in the neighborhood like her that she got thirty valentines one year. Journalist Christopher Caldwell described her as, "A fetching, kind and charming girl, who th... | 53,087 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
while talking to Schulz once about Universalists and Congregationalists, she had jokingly called herself a "conversationalist," and Schulz borrowed that for the strip.
# Relationships with other characters.
## Charlie Brown.
Frieda was usually nicer to Charlie Brown than most of the other girls in t... | 53,088 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
of the few characters that Charlie Brown felt confident enough to stand up to, as he did once when she was badgering Snoopy about chasing rabbits and he told her to mind her own business.
## Linus van Pelt.
Linus was the first character in the series that Frieda met. She sat behind him in school, and... | 53,089 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
who didn't see his need for a security blanket as a bad thing, for which he was so grateful that he kissed her hand.
## Lucy van Pelt.
Frieda's relationship with Lucy got off to a rocky start when Frieda, as usual, brought up her naturally curly hair almost as soon as they were introduced. Lucy becam... | 53,090 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
leaning on Schroeder's piano. Schroeder seemed to dislike her as much as he disliked Lucy when she didn't know who Beethoven was (and after Frieda claimed that she was hanging around Schroeder because she was a music lover). In one strip and episode of "The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show," Frieda commen... | 53,091 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
Lucy happily shakes hands with Snoopy. Schroeder does not have feelings for Frieda.
## Snoopy.
Out of all the characters, Frieda has the most trouble getting along with Snoopy, whom she frequently accuses of being "lazy" and "useless." She has strong pre-conceived notions of what a beagle should be d... | 53,092 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
or if he does find rabbits he'll frolic and play with them once he's out of Frieda's sight. Once, in a fit of frustration, she reported Snoopy's behavior to the "Head Beagle," which led to him being found guilty of not meeting his rabbit quota and left the neighborhood kids mad at her for turning him i... | 53,093 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
is a male cat that Frieda's mother bought for her. Frieda believed Snoopy was too smug for his own good, and decided that having a cat in the neighborhood would take him down a few notches. Her choice of cat ended up being more comical than intimidating; Faron is seemingly boneless, and she carries him... | 53,094 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
into holding Faron while Frieda ran her errands.
Faron was named for country music singer Faron Young, whom Schulz "admired very much," but he only made a few appearances in the strip. Schulz was not satisfied with his own drawing of a cat; also, he wanted to continue exploring Snoopy's fantasy life, ... | 53,095 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
her appearances gradually began dwindling. According to Charles Schulz, "I realized that Frieda added relatively little to the strip and had few character traits beyond bragging about her hair and her obsession with getting Snoopy to chase rabbits." Frieda's last speaking role for many years was in the... | 53,096 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
Brown", being mentioned several times, and yelled to at one point after Lucy heard one of Charlie Brown's secrets. Also in this show, her characteristic fondness for hunting rabbits is assumed by Sally. Frieda appeared in 150 strips and appeared for the last time on November 22, 1985. Frieda appears in... | 53,097 |
750896 | Frieda (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frieda%20(Peanuts) | Frieda (Peanuts)
ars in "The Peanuts Movie" (2015) directed by Steve Martino. She is voiced by Francesca Capaldi who also voices The Little Red-Haired Girl in the movie. Frieda also makes multiple appearances in the "Peanuts (TV series)".
# Voiced by.
- Ann Altieri (1963–1969)
- Lynda Mendelson (1969–1973)
- Lynn M... | 53,098 |
750831 | Sophia Palaiologina | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophia%20Palaiologina | Sophia Palaiologina
Sophia Palaiologina
Zoe Palaiologina (), who later changed her name to Sophia Palaiologina (; ca. 1440/49 – 7 April 1503), was a Byzantine princess, member of the Imperial Palaiologos family, Grand Princess of Moscow as the second wife of Grand Prince Ivan III. Through her eldest son Vasili III, sh... | 53,099 |
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