wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
Autobianchi Y10
The Autobianchi Y10 is a 'designer' city car and economy car manufactured from 1985 to 1995 and marketed under the Lancia brand in most export markets (as Lancia Y10). The car was manufactured at Fiat's Autobianchi plant in Desio, Milan until 1992 and after that in Arese, near Alfa Rome... | 53,500 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
certain versions. Its excellent aerodynamics, characterized by very clean lines and a Kammback, also provided great fuel economy. Sales in the United Kingdom were not very strong, and it was withdrawn from sale there in late 1991. This was more than two years before Lancia withdrew from Britain, and all... | 53,501 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
France and Japan, and in most other markets was sold under the Lancia marque.In Portugal it remains Autobianchi until 1989, and badged Lancia forward but the huge success was the same.
The Y10's most important design innovation was the vertical tail cut-off, characterized by the tailgate painted in bla... | 53,502 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
for a small car in 1985 and were developed by the Fiat Style Centre, at that time led by Ing. Vittorio Ghidella. The definition of the project Y10 took more than three years of study. It was necessary that this car have a very specific identity to allow it to be unequivocally placed under the Lancia bra... | 53,503 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
desired by women as much as a handbag and identified by the men as their favorite perfume.
The car had rectangular headlights, which, together with a simple and elegant grille, defined the shape of the engine hood, giving the front of the car a very "technical" look, totally different from the back end... | 53,504 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
rib, only a very slight pleat, a profile of embellishment and protection.
The Y10 was offered only with a three-door body with relatively large doors, offering easy access even for rear passengers. The tailgate was on a nearly vertical plane, hinged to make it more practical to access the luggage compa... | 53,505 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
Alcantara upholstery on the dashboard, seats and door panels, and options such as electric windows, central locking, split rear bench seat, rear window hinged electrically (revolutionary solution at the times), glass sunroof and climate control system with electronic controls and LED display, similar to... | 53,506 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
on the vehicle's original philosophy and technical content. Because the Y10 was an innovative car that offered exceptional performance and a series of new solutions in its class, the car became unmistakable, characterized by its modernity.
All versions came with a five speed gearbox, front-wheel drive,... | 53,507 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
in 16 seconds.
Y10 Touring: It was powered by a Brazilian-built motor of 1049 cc, which was also used in the brazilian Fiat Uno. This has a maximum power of at 5850 rpm and maximum torque of at 3000 rpm, and was developed from Fiat's Lampredi-designed four-cylinder that originally equipped the Fiat 127... | 53,508 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
with a maximum power of at 5750 rpm and maximum torque of at 2750 rpm. Compared to the naturally aspirated 1050 in the Touring, it was distinguished by sodium filled exhaust valves, electric fuel pump, and an electronic ignition "Digiplex". It boasted a supercharging system from Formula 1 in miniature w... | 53,509 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
and quiet inside. It had an unusual wheel design and sportier seats as well as different molding and wrapping, plus more analog instruments.
## 1986.
In 1986 new versions were added and some of them were cheaper. The range included models from Fire, Fire LX, Touring and Turbo. All had the required hei... | 53,510 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
to Fire '85 that had a polished stainless steel frame and a grid in silver), the taillights were simplified and asymmetrical, with only a reversing light to the right and only one headlight on the left rear fog light. Inside had cloth upholstery and a new dashboard. There were no doors on compartments o... | 53,511 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
The Touring version remained unchanged in price but offered more equipment that included front electric windows, central locking and a digital clock. The engine remained the same, the classic 1049 cc aspirated.
Y10 Turbo: The Y10 Turbo (similar to the Touring) offered standard front electric windows, c... | 53,512 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
to reach at 5500 rpm. It could be called a true SUV ahead of its time for its design, finishes and its mechanical contents. The all-wheel drive could be implemented by a button on the dash, and a complex and modern electro-pneumatic system allowed, four-wheel drive off, leaving firm transmission shaft a... | 53,513 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
It was easy to recognize the 4WD thanks to the large lateral fascia of plastic material, the wheel rims of a specific design without any hub caps, and the front and rear splash guard; to distinguish it further unique identification was written on the tailgate, on the side shields and the splash guard as... | 53,514 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
available the Y10 was designed to attract as diverse and varied customers as possible.
## 1987–1988.
In the period 1987–88 the small Autobianchi became an increasingly mature product, with a precise position in the market attracting a varied clientele. It had now achieved its expected success, and mad... | 53,515 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
part of the vast majority of manufacturers' lists. These were trendy vehicles that were good looking and linked to specific lifestyles and acted as "status symbols" indicative of belonging to specific a group. In 1987, 109,708 Y10s were assembled bringing the total built since 1985 to 254,000.
Alongsid... | 53,516 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
painted in white: not only the body but also the tailgate, bumpers, grille front and wheel trims. To break the monotony adhesive strips in black and blue (or Black and Red), ran along the beltline, culminating towards the door, with the famous mark. The seats and door panels were covered with blue (or R... | 53,517 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
edition of Fila, arrived at dealerships in June 1987. Made to celebrate the sporting association with Martini & Rossi, which for decades connected the Lancia successes in the racing world with his incomparable Delta, the Y10 Martini came had a Turbo and was available only in white. White was also used f... | 53,518 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
Missoni (who appeared in a television spot next to his creation), was released. He chose the colour Memphis Blue for the body exclusive with black doors. The colour was used for interior fabrics, and the Alcantara dashboard and door panels were made of hazelnut. The seats had a fabric "Missonato" velvet... | 53,519 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
changes.
All models now had: newly designed wheel trims (except the 4WD), white front indicators, rear lights (symmetrical and now the same for all versions) made in two colours; double reverse light-colored smoke, dual projector fog red, side lights and stop (double stranded) in red and smoked blinker... | 53,520 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
of the front door, electric windows (optional on Fire), and speakers. The dash remained without doors or compartments. A new fabric was used for the upholstery.
All new models had instrument panels with new graphics, and, except for the Fire, an adjustable steering wheel for height. Air conditioning wa... | 53,521 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
went out of production along with the 1050 cc engine. This engine was replaced by the Fire of 1108 cm³, which debuted in 1988 with the launch of the Fiat Tipo and, in the case of Y10, was equipped with electronic fuel injection and characterized by a maximum power of at 5500 rpm and a maximum torque of ... | 53,522 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
by which time Lancia sales were in steep decline, not helped by the recession. Just over two years later Lancia withdrew from Britain completely.
## 1989 and introduction of electronic injection engine.
Y10 GT i.e.: The 1050 turbo engine was dropped because of pollution regulations in countries like S... | 53,523 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
and a smoother drive than the raucous turbo version. With the discontinuation of the Turbo, performance was somewhat adversely affected, but the GT was much more "usable" becoming more of an "all-rounder" GT. The GT is characterized by: a red border that frames the front grill, by an adhesive strip with... | 53,524 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
mark of identification, which runs through the lower edge of the side and the chrome tailpipe. Internally there were cloth seats or, on request, upholstery in Alcantara. The dashboard and door panels are upholstered in Alcantara as a standard.
In December 1989, Autobianchi, debuted the Y10 Selectronic ... | 53,525 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
transmission was produced by Japanese Fuji and was the same as that used in the Subaru Justy.
Y10 4WD i.e.: The 4WD, all wheel drive can be inserted, changed its engine from 1000 to the Fire 1100 Fire electronic ignition Single Point of LX. With the new engine, the 4WD could reach and accelerate from 0... | 53,526 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
its economy.
The 1,100cc engine, was called "Europa" in accordance with EU Directives, in an ecological version reached a maximum power of 50 hp (37 kW), sufficient to allow the LX to reach , the Selectronic to reach and i 4WD to reach . The catalyzed version of the GT i.e. had a 1297cc engine with a m... | 53,527 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
was introduced. The LX version was based on the Fire. It was only available with a Black Mica body color (including the tailgate), was completely covered in saddle leather ("Poltrona Frau") "Bulgarian Red" hue - as well as the dashboard, gear lever, door panels and steering wheel. It had no foam, and ha... | 53,528 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
at the 1992 Turin Motor Show. Now dubbed by the press as "utilitarian abduction prevention", the car had been designed to offer greater resistance to attempts of aggression, with reinforced door structure, locks and bar-proof glass. An available option included a little safe in the cockpit, for the tran... | 53,529 |
751050 | Autobianchi Y10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autobianchi%20Y10 | Autobianchi Y10
of its launch it had a planned annual production limited to 300, priced at 24 million Lira.
# Third series (1992–1995).
In 1992 the Y10 underwent a facelift, with changes to the interior and the exterior. The front end received a new grille, and was more compact; but also more in keeping with the styl... | 53,530 |
751087 | Valdemar III of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valdemar%20III%20of%20Denmark | Valdemar III of Denmark
Valdemar III of Denmark
Valdemar III (1314–1364) was king of Denmark from 1326 to 1329, while he was underage; he was also Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364. He was a rival king set up against the unsuccessful Christopher II and was widely opposed by his subjects.... | 53,531 |
751087 | Valdemar III of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valdemar%20III%20of%20Denmark | Valdemar III of Denmark
nobles got to choose a new king. Their choice fell to 11-year-old Duke Valdemar V of Schleswig, who was the head of the branch descended from King Abel of Denmark. Due to his young age, his maternal uncle, the mighty Count Gerhard of Rendsborg (Gerhard III of Holstein) who also was the biggest p... | 53,532 |
751087 | Valdemar III of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valdemar%20III%20of%20Denmark | Valdemar III of Denmark
"Constitutio Valdemariana", which promised that in the future, the same person could never be both ruler of Slesvig and Denmark simultaneously.
Valdemar accordingly gave up his patrimony, Schleswig, and efforfed it to his uncle and guardian, whereby the first Holsteinian became a Duke: Gerhard,... | 53,533 |
751087 | Valdemar III of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valdemar%20III%20of%20Denmark | Valdemar III of Denmark
nd rebellion had more success, but was also quelled in the end. Finally, count Gerhard gave up in the name of his king, and in 1329 Christopher II was allowed to return to the throne. Valdemar became again Duke of Schleswig.
In 1340, he gave his only sister Helvig of Schleswig to marriage with ... | 53,534 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
Epic of King Gesar
The Epic of King Gesar (), also spelled Geser (especially in Mongolian contexts) or Kesar (), is an epic cycle, believed to date from the 12th century, that relates the heroic deeds of the culture hero Gesar, the fearless lord of the legendary kingdom of Ling (). It is recorded va... | 53,535 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
has attracted intense scholarly curiosity as one of the few oral epic traditions to survive as a performing art. Besides stories conserved by such Chinese minorities as the Bai, Naxi, the Pumi, Lisu and Yugur, versions of the epic are also recorded among the Balti of Baltistan, the Burusho people of ... | 53,536 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
Chinese compilation so far of just its Tibetan versions has filled some 120 volumes, more than one million verses, divided into 29 "chapters". Western calculations speak of more than 50 different books edited so far in China, India and Tibet.
A Tibetan scholar has written:
Like the outstanding Gree... | 53,537 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
to Tibet may have been a Turkic language, since "kaiser" (emperor) entered Turkish through contact with the Byzantine Empire, where Caesar ("Καῖσαρ") was an imperial title. Some think the medium for this transmission may have been via Mongolian "Kesar". The Mongols were allied with the Byzantines, wh... | 53,538 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
does later, to a ruler. In some Tibetan versions of the epic, a king named "Phrom" Ge-sar or "Khrom" Ge-sar figures as one of the kings of the four directions – the name is attested in the 10th century and this "Phrom"/"Khrom" preserves an Iranian form (*"frōm-hrōm") for "Rūm"/"Rome". This eastern Ir... | 53,539 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
or pistil of a flower', corresponding to Sanskrit "kēsara," whose root 'kēsa' (hair) is Indo-European.
# Gesar and the Kingdom of Ling.
In Tibet, that Gesar was an historical figure is rarely questioned. Some scholars there argued he was born in 1027, on the basis of a note in a 19th-century chroni... | 53,540 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
Tanak, Öyuk or the village of Panam on the Nyang River. Given that the mythological and allegorical elements of the story defy place and time, the historicity of figures in the cycle is indeterminate. Though the epic was sung all over Tibetan-speaking regions, with Kham and Amdo long regarded as the ... | 53,541 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
the Turk "Fromo Kesaro", whose name is a Persian pronunciation of "Rome (Byzantium) Caesar", in overwhelming an intrusive Arab army in Gandhara sometime between 739-745, may have formed the historic core behind the Gesar epic in Tibet. In the records of the earliest rulers of Ladakh, Baltistan and Gi... | 53,542 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
of this epic is most prominent in the two remote areas associated with the pre-Buddhist ethnic religion known as Bon (Ladakh and Zanskar in the far west of Tibet and Kham and Amdo in the east), strongly suggesting that the story has native roots. However, the oral versions known to us today are not, ... | 53,543 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
Despite the age of the tradition, the oldest extant text of the epic is actually the Mongolian woodblock print commissioned by the Kangxi Emperor of Qing China in 1716. None of the Tibetan texts that have come down to us are earlier than the 18th century, although they are likely based on older texts... | 53,544 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
is variously called "Gesar of Ling", "Ling Gesar", and "Gesar Norbu Dradul". Among the Buryat he is known as "Abai Geser Khubun". The Khalkha oral version calls him "Altan Bogdo khan." An Altai version calls him "Sädängkäi Käsär" and "Sartaktai Käsär".. Among the Balti and Ladakhi people he is most f... | 53,545 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
(first) wife 'Brug-mo through a series of marvellous feats. In subsequent episodes he defends his people against various external aggressors, human and superhuman. Instead of dying a normal death he departs into a hidden realm from which he may return at some time in the future to save his people fro... | 53,546 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
is difficult. Historical analysis to sift out an ancient core narrative winnows the archaic folkloric leitmotifs from features that show distinct and historically identifiable Buddhist influences. Samuel, comparing three Gesar traditions, Mongolian, Eastern Tibetan and Ladakhi, that developed relativ... | 53,547 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
greatly in details. Often Buddhist motifs are conspicuous, with episodes on the creation of the world and Tibet's cosmic origins. In other variants, Gautama Buddha is never mentioned, or a certain secular irony is voiced against the national religion. According to Samten Karmay, Gesar arose as the he... | 53,548 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
into anarchy; numerous demon kings (Tib.:"bdud") had avoided subjection. As a result, hordes of cannibalistic demons and goblins, led by malignant and greedy rulers of many kingdoms, wreak havoc. Tibet's conversion from barbarity to Buddhism under the three great Dharma Kings often features. Episodes... | 53,549 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
conceived by his mother after she drinks water impressed with his image. Alternatively, he is born from the union of a father, who is simultaneously skygod and holy mountain, and of a mother who is a goddess of the watery underworld, or he is born, Chori, in the lineage of Ling in the Dza Valley, to ... | 53,550 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
Gesar's mission as a divine emissary is to vanquish powerful demons on earth. Until his adolescence he is depicted as black, ugly, nasty, snotty and troublesome. His paternal uncle, or the king's brother Todong, banishes both son and mother to the rMa plateau, where he grows up living a feral life, w... | 53,551 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
campaigns, together with 30 companions, against the frontier countries that represent evil.
- Horse race and kingship: When he is 12, a horse race is held to determine who will become the king of Ling and who will marry the beautiful daughter, 'Brugmo, of a neighbouring chieftain. Returning to Ling,... | 53,552 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
king of Hor's palace, kills him and retrieves his wife.
- Two further campaigns: Gesar wages war against King Sadam of 'Jang (sometimes located in Yunnan), and king Shingkhri of Mon (Mon is often located in the southern Himalayas and remained the term for "barbarian borderlands" until recently).
- ... | 53,553 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
as a last episode before he leaves the land of men and ascends once more to his celestial paradise.
## Mongolian version (1716).
- Opens with a heavenly prologue, Ge-ser's birth, youth, marriage to "Rogmo" and his obtaining the kingship of Ling.
- Geser defeats a black striped tiger.
- Geser's vo... | 53,554 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
focus mainly on Gesar's battles with various demons, rather than on military campaigns. They also contain a detailed and drastically different prologue to Gesar's exploits. According to these versions, the great Tengri Khormusta (Turmas, Khorbustu, Hormust) khan of the celestial tribes of the West wa... | 53,555 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
version contains 9 branches or song episodes ("uliger"), each devoted to tell how Gesar defeats an enemy.
- First branch: Gesar's youth. In this branch, Gesar, called Nyurgai ("Stinker") and while still in his infancy, defeats three giant rats, human-sized mosquitos and steel ravens (compare Heracle... | 53,556 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
which was born from Atai Ulan's right hand.
- Fourth branch: He kills a great beast, "Arkhan" the Sun-Eater, who was born from Atai Ulan's severed head.
- Fifth branch: He wars against "Gal Dulme", the personification of volcanic activity, who was born from Atai Ulan's corpse. Because of his youth ... | 53,557 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
"Shirai-Gol" khans. This branch seems to be closely related to the Tibetan song about Gesar and three kings of the kingdom of Hor.
- Ninth branch: He campaigns against "Lobsogoi", a trickster demon, who was born from Atai Ulan's backside.
There are a number of stories not connected with the foregoi... | 53,558 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
has argued, and the idea was shared by C. Damdinsuren and B. Vladimirtsev, that the written Mongolian versions stem from one source which has not survived.
## Balti and Ladakhi version.
This version contains the following seven episodes:
- The ancestor Dong-gsum Mi-la sngon-mo, born miraculously, ... | 53,559 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
marries the emperor's daughter, g.Yu'i dKon-mchog-ma.
- Kesar defeats the giants of the north, assisted by the giant's wife, Dze-mo.
- While he is away, the King of Hor kidnaps his wife 'Brug-gu-ma.
- On his return, Kesar vanquishes the King of Hor and brings his wife back to gLing.
## Salar vers... | 53,560 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
a boy into the underworld. (b) The gateway to the underworld is through a rocky hole or cave on a mountain summit. (c) He is guided through the otherworld by a female tutelary spirit ("Manene"/grandmother) who rides an animal, like the Turkish shamaness "kara Chach". (d) Like kara Chach, Gesar's tute... | 53,561 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
The Bhutan versions.
The versions of the Gesar epic collected in Bhutan, in publication since 1979, are projected to run into some 31 volumes. Jigme Wangchuck, second Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King) of Bhutan, had individuals read the "Epic of Gesar" to him nightly.
## Oral transmission and performance.
... | 53,562 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
as "Sgrung" in early history. After further polishing by the oral poets, especially the ballad singers, Gesar became a great epic" (1986:51).
Many performers recite episodes from memory or books, while others chant the legendary tales in a state of trance. This last mode bears strong similarities wi... | 53,563 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
responsive to regional culture and folklore, local conflicts, religious trends, and even political changes on the world stage. For example, in modern times, when news of World War II trickled into Tibet, additional episodes on how "Gesar Conquers the Kingdom of Phyigling 'Jar" were composed by 8th Kh... | 53,564 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
forces of the autarkic periphery. There are versions that adopt Gesar as a lama showing him as a tamer of the wild, but, in so far as his epic retains his old lineaments as a maverick master of shamanic powers, he represents the stateless, anarchic dimension of Tibet's margins, and is rather a tamer ... | 53,565 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
recently, the tale was forbidden reading in many Tibetan monasteries. In some monasteries, however, rituals invoking Gesar as a major spiritual force are performed. Given the central role the epic played over the centuries in Tibetan folk culture, Tibetan Buddhism has incorporated elements from it an... | 53,566 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
will be answered differently by those who favor and those who oppose the epic; the "babdrung" themselves, however, generally emphasize the connection of the epic with the Dharma () and see themselves as a kind of religious practitioner.
Orgyen Tobgyal explained that in the Nyingma perspective, "the ... | 53,567 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
nomadic government formed by the Mukpo clan, which constructed a nomadic confederation of imperial reach, to develop a model of a Tibetan polity.
The government of China strongly supports the cult of Gesar and its practice among Han Chinese, according to some as a counter-force to Tibetan Buddhism.
... | 53,568 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
command and ability by God. According to some scholars believing in Kesar saga is un-Islamic. According to them the Kesar is Dajjal or the Muslim Antichrist who will oppose Imam Mehdi in apocalyptic battle.
# History of Gesar studies.
The first printed edition of the Gesar epic was published in Bei... | 53,569 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
a comprehensive survey of the literature of Gesar (Roerich 1942;277-315)
In the 20th century, other Mongolian Geser texts were edited by scientists like Nicholas Poppe and Walther Heissig.
The first three volumes of the version known as the Lingtsang-Dege woodblock, which was composed in the late 1... | 53,570 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
(1965). This translation is based on manuscripts collected by Hermanns in Amdo. This book also contains extensive study by Hermanns explaining the epic as the product of the Heroic Age of the nomads of North-eastern Tibet and their interactions with the many other peoples of the Inner Asian steppe. H... | 53,571 |
750970 | Epic of King Gesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epic%20of%20King%20Gesar | Epic of King Gesar
d in French in 1933.
## In occultism.
In the occult system of Nicholas Roerich, Gesar is presented as a hero who is believed to accept his physicality in Shambhala. It's told that he would appear with an invincible army to set general justice. Thunderous arrows will be its weapon. Gesar also has a ... | 53,572 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
Honolulu Fire Department
The Honolulu Fire Department (HFD) provides fire protection and first responder emergency medical services to the City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, under the jurisdiction of the Mayor of Honolulu. Founded on December 27, 1850 by Kamehameha III and Alexa... | 53,573 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
History.
In the early 1800s, with an influx of missionaries, whalers, and businessmen to Hawai'i, Honolulu grew rapidly with western-style wooden buildings, which were highly combustible. Interior lighting in that period consisted of all flame-emitting equipment (candles, lamps, and lanterns);... | 53,574 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
December 27, 1850, an ordinance issued by Kamehameha III established the Honolulu Fire Department. On February 3, 1851, Oahu Governor Kekuanaoa appointed Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. to be Chief Engineer of the Fire Department of the City of Honolulu, making him the first Fire Engineer of the n... | 53,575 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
continued by a Provisional Government, then a Republic, then a Territory, a County and lastly by a City and County Government. Honolulu, which was the Capital of the Territory of Hawaii, is believed to be the only fire department in the world that has had kings serve as active members with King... | 53,576 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
the entire HFD joined his funeral procession. When King Kalākaua died in 1891, firefighters draped black fabric on their stations to show their respect for the King.
### Chinatown Fire of 1886.
On April 18, 1886, a fire started in a building at Hotel and Smith streets and destroyed over 60 ac... | 53,577 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
buildings were burnt, one at a time. On April 20, 1900, the block next to Kaumakapili Church was set on fire. As the flame grew, the wind unexpectedly changed; and the fire spread to the steeple of the church and then began to spread quickly across the City. Firefighters worked hard to control ... | 53,578 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
in March 1, 1930. The Shop opened in 1931. Kaka’ako Fire Station was one of several HFD stations that were nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
The museum shares the history of the HFD as well the history of fire-fighting apparatus and gear. The HFD earned the distinc... | 53,579 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
aircraft approached. Hoseman Harry Tuck Lee Pang was shot and killed; Captains Thomas Macy and John Carreira died in a bomb blast. Six other firefighters were injured. The HFD lists among its members nine men who were awarded the Order of the Purple Heart including 3 members that were awarded t... | 53,580 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
and Development
- Support Services
## Fire Operations Bureau.
Fire Operations accounts for the majority of the activity in the HFD. They are responsible for emergency response for the island of Oahu and respond to fires, emergency medical calls, hazardous materials incidents, motor vehicle a... | 53,581 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
and Development.
- Fire Communication Center: this is the vital link between the public and fire suppression forces.
- Radio Shop: provides maintenance to radios and communication systems.
## Support Services.
Support Services manages and coordinates the Training and Research Bureau and the... | 53,582 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
incidents, technical rescues, and professional development. TRB is located at the Charles H. Thurston Training Center in Honolulu.
### Fire Prevention Bureau.
The Fire Prevention Bureau (FPB) administers the fire prevention program for the City and County of Honolulu, which includes setting p... | 53,583 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
Examining: reviews and approves building plans to ensure compliance with building codes and conduct investigations for permits.
- Support: responsible for testing of building fire protection systems.
- Fire Investigation: determines the origin, cause and circumstances of structure fires.
- F... | 53,584 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
and other public safety education programs. CRO manages the museum and offers fire safety classes. Class topics range from general fire safety prevention and preparedness tips, use of a fire extinguisher, understanding the common causes of fire, how to prevent fires, and what to do in case of a... | 53,585 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
of the City and County of Honolulu designates the HFD as the fire protection agency for the City. The HFD’s responsibilities are to provide firefighting, rescue, emergency medical, and hazardous materials response for the entire island of Oahu.
The State Fire Code, as adopted by the State of H... | 53,586 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
Fire Protection within the State of Hawaii: HRS 132
- Reduced Ignition Propensity Cigarettes Law: HRS 132C
- Fireworks: HFD 132D
# External links.
## Island Fire Departments.
- Hawaii Fire Department
- Kauai Fire Department
- Maui Fire Department
## Federal Fire Service.
- Federal Fire... | 53,587 |
751081 | Honolulu Fire Department | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honolulu%20Fire%20Department | Honolulu Fire Department
tment
- Maui Fire Department
## Federal Fire Service.
- Federal Fire Fighters of Hawaii, Local F263
## Child Safety.
- Keiki Injury Prevention Coalition
- Safe Kids Hawaii
- Sparky the Fire Dog
## Senior Citizens.
"Fire Safety for Older Adults" (U.S. Fire Administration)
## Persons wi... | 53,588 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
Valentine
A valentine is a card or gift given on Valentine's Day, or one's sweetheart and may refer to:
- Valentine (name), a given name and surname (and list of people and fictional characters with the name)
# People.
- Valentine (writer), pseudonym of Archibald Thomas Pechey
- Pope Valentine (died 827)... | 53,589 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
National Wildlife Refuge, Nebraska
- Valentine, New Jersey, an unincorporated community
- Valentine, Texas, a town
- Valentines, Virginia, an unincorporated community
## Elsewhere.
- Cape Valentine, Elephant Island, Antarctica
- Valentine, New South Wales, Australia, a suburb of Lake Macquarie
- Valent... | 53,590 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
Circle"), a 2012 episode of "The Secret Circle"
## Literature.
- "Valentine" (novel) an 1832 novel by George Sand
- "Valentines" (short story collection), a 2007 collection of short stories by Olaf Olafsson
## Music.
### Performers and labels.
- Valentine Records, an independent British label
- The Val... | 53,591 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
song) (2007)
- "Valentine" (T'Pau song) (1988)
- "Valentine" (Jessie Ware and Sampha song) (2011)
- "Valentine", a 2015 song by George Knapper from "Love Birds"
- "Valentine", a song by Fiona Apple from "The Idler Wheel..."
- "Valentine", a song by Justice from "Cross"
- "Valentine", a song by Kina Gran... | 53,592 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
(R17), a destroyer launched in 1943 and transferred to Canada in 1944 for service as HMCS "Algonquin" (R17)
- USS "Valentine" (AF-47), a 1945 World War II stores ship
- Valentine tank, a British Second World War tank model
# Other uses.
- 447 Valentine, an asteroid
- Valentine (restaurant), a chain in Qu... | 53,593 |
751101 | Valentine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valentine | Valentine
for service as HMCS "Algonquin" (R17)
- USS "Valentine" (AF-47), a 1945 World War II stores ship
- Valentine tank, a British Second World War tank model
# Other uses.
- 447 Valentine, an asteroid
- Valentine (restaurant), a chain in Quebec, Canada
- Valentine, a racehorse who competed at the 1840 Grand ... | 53,594 |
751003 | Bill Oddie Goes Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Oddie%20Goes%20Wild | Bill Oddie Goes Wild
Bill Oddie Goes Wild
Bill Oddie Goes Wild is a British television series about natural history, presented by Bill Oddie. Three series were made.
# Series 1.
A six-part series, on Fridays, from 5 January 2001, showing on BBC Two at 7:30 pm. Oddie visited six locations around the country in search... | 53,595 |
751003 | Bill Oddie Goes Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Oddie%20Goes%20Wild | Bill Oddie Goes Wild
shore crab, pipefish, dormice, badgers, little egrets, butterflies (gatekeeper, red admirals, marbled white, skipper), moths (rosy footman, swallowtailed, scarce silver-lines) and seals.
The first episode has some superb photography of badgers at dusk, which captivated Oddie: "One of the wildest a... | 53,596 |
751003 | Bill Oddie Goes Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Oddie%20Goes%20Wild | Bill Oddie Goes Wild
of them chews a chunk out of the seat of his wetsuit. Oddie later admitted that his wetsuit was inflated as he has a fear of water.
Clovelly Charter boats were used in this episode for Oddie to get views of the seals.
## Lake District in Autumn.
12 January
Species seen: red squirrel, mushrooms ... | 53,597 |
751003 | Bill Oddie Goes Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Oddie%20Goes%20Wild | Bill Oddie Goes Wild
stayed on the diet shouldn't you!" mocks Oddie). The red squirrel, being more nimble, can walk straight in and get the food. The most memorable scene in this episode has to be Oddie trying to attract medicinal leeches. Standing in waders at the shore of lake, "clomping around in a bovine manner"! A... | 53,598 |
751003 | Bill Oddie Goes Wild | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Oddie%20Goes%20Wild | Bill Oddie Goes Wild
wolves, wild cat, pine marten, black grouse, red ant and otter.
Despite being filmed in mid-April, Oddie is walking on a mountain in thick mist and snow. Dr Adam Watson who showed us dotterel in the first series of Birding with Bill Oddie, is back to take Oddie to see mountain hare and ptarmigan. ... | 53,599 |
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