wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1403116 | William Gilham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Gilham | William Gilham
Gilham's Tobacco Fertilizer, was manufactured there.
William Gilham died in Vermont on November 16, 1872, aged 54, of undisclosed causes. He was interred at Lexington, Virginia's Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery.
# External links.
- Letters Received Year 1846: Gilham, William National Archives.
- ... | 54,200 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
Narragansett Pacer
The Narragansett Pacer was the first horse breed developed in the United States, but is now extinct. It was developed in the United States during the 18th century and associated closely with the state of Rhode Island, and it had become extinct by the late 19th century. The Pacer w... | 54,201 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
breed. It was known as a sure-footed, dependable breed, although not flashy or always good-looking. Pacers were used for racing and general riding. They were frequently crossed with other breeds, and provided the foundation for several other American breeds, including the American Saddlebred, Standar... | 54,202 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
of the breed are unknown, but it was probably developed from a cross between English "ambling" horses and Spanish breeds. These Spanish breeds often included bloodlines that included lateral gaits. The horses developed from this cross were known for their smoothness and sure-footedness over poor terr... | 54,203 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
father of the breed.
In 1768, George Washington owned and raced a Narragansett Pacer, while in 1772, Edmund Burke asked an American friend for a pair. Paul Revere possibly rode a Pacer during his 1775 ride to warn the Americans of a British march. The extinction was due mainly to the breed being sol... | 54,204 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
as 1790 by early pioneers. The last known Pacer, a mare, died around 1880.
# Characteristics.
The Narragansett Pacer was not exclusively a pacing horse, as strong evidence indicates it exhibited an ambling gait, which is a four-beat, intermediate-speed gait, while the pace is a two-beat, intermedia... | 54,205 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
hindquarters are narrow and the hocks a little crooked...", but also said, "They are very spirited and carry both the head and tail high. But what is more remarkable is that they amble with more speed than most horses trot, so that it is difficult to put some of them upon a gallop." Other viewers of ... | 54,206 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
a significant role in the creation of the American Saddlebred, the Standardbred and the Tennessee Walking Horse. The breed was also combined with French pacers to create the Canadian Pacer, a breed especially suited to racing over ice and which also contributed substantially to the creation of the St... | 54,207 |
1403125 | Narragansett Pacer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narragansett%20Pacer | Narragansett Pacer
da, the Caribbean, and South America, so the bloodlines did not remain within the Morgan breed. Other breeds indirectly influenced by the Narragansett Pacer include the Rocky Mountain Horse, a gaited breed started in Kentucky, and the Tiger Horse, a gaited breed with Appaloosa patterning.
# External... | 54,208 |
1403159 | Fiodar Fiodaraŭ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiodar%20Fiodaraŭ | Fiodar Fiodaraŭ
Fiodar Fiodaraŭ
Fiodar Fiodaraŭ, (, , , Fedor Ivanovich Fedorov), (June 19, 1911 – October 13, 1994) was a Soviet and Belarusian physicist, whose scientific interests ranged from optics and spectroscopy to the theory of elementary particles.
# Biography.
He was born in the village Turets in Karelichy... | 54,209 |
1403159 | Fiodar Fiodaraŭ | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiodar%20Fiodaraŭ | Fiodar Fiodaraŭ
hich resumed its work near the Skhodnia railroad station outside Moscow while Belarus was still under occupation. He remained the dean till 1950.
He took an active part in the organization of the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Belarus Science Academy, and was the leader of one of the four ... | 54,210 |
1403184 | Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiromani%20Akali%20Dal%20Delhi | Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi
Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi
Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi is a splinter group of the Shiromani Akali Dal. SADD emerged as a separate party on 22 February 1999 when a section of the Delhi unit of the Badal-led SAD revolted against the suspension of Ranjit Singh as the Akal Takht jathedar. SADD sided... | 54,211 |
1403184 | Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiromani%20Akali%20Dal%20Delhi | Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi
the Delhi unit of the Badal-led SAD revolted against the suspension of Ranjit Singh as the Akal Takht jathedar. SADD sided with Gurcharan Singh Tohra on this issue. The convenor of the new party was Avtar Singh Autopins.
SADD president is Paramjit Singh Sarna and general secretary is S.Balbir... | 54,212 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
Hrafnkels saga
Hrafnkels saga or Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða () is one of the Icelanders' sagas. It tells of struggles between chieftains and farmers in the east of Iceland in the 10th century. The eponymous main character, Hrafnkell, starts out his career as a fearsome duelist and a dedicated worshiper of... | 54,213 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
story of a man who arrives at the conclusion that the true basis of power does not lie in the favor of the gods but in the loyalty of one's subordinates.
The saga remains widely read today and is appreciated for its logical structure, plausibility, and vivid characters. For these reasons, it has served ... | 54,214 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
an uninhabited valley for his farm and names it Aðalból (Noble home). The valley subsequently receives the name Hrafnkelsdalr (Hrafnkell's valley).
Hrafnkell also has a large temple erected and performs lavish sacrificial ceremonies. He dedicates the best of his livestock to his patron deity Freyr, incl... | 54,215 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
saga introduces Einar, a shepherd of Hrafnkell's. On one occasion Einar needs to ride to perform his duties, but every horse he approaches runs away from him except Freyfaxi. He then takes Freyfaxi and rides him for the day. But after the horse has been ridden it runs home to Aðalból and starts neighing.... | 54,216 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
to make some amends. He makes a seemingly favourable offer to Þorbjörn of taking care of him for the rest of his days.
Þorbjörn, however, wants nothing short of a formal settlement as between equals. Upon Hrafnkell's rejection of this, Þorbjörn starts searching for ways to achieve satisfaction. ( — but ... | 54,217 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
a dispute with the powerful Hrafnkell. Þorbjörn then goes to Bjarni's son, Sámr. He, in turn, first advises Þorbjörn to accept Hrafnkell's offer but Þorbjörn remains adamant. Sámr has no desire to join the conflict, but after his uncle gets emotional he reluctantly agrees. Sámr formally accepts the case ... | 54,218 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
must proceed one way or the other.
By a coincidence Sámr and Þorbjörn meet Þorkell Þjóstarsson, a young adventurer from Vestfirðir (Westfjords). He sympathises with their cause and helps them achieve the support of his brother Þorgeirr, a powerful chieftain. With Þorgeirr's support Sámr competently pros... | 54,219 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
of his honour and most of his property. Hrafnkell chooses to live. Þorkell cautions Sámr that he will regret sparing Hrafnkell's life.
Sámr subsequently takes up residence at Aðalból and invites the locals for a feast. They agree to accept him as their new chieftain. Hrafnkell builds himself a new home ... | 54,220 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
sacrifice. His manner improves and he becomes much gentler with his subordinates. In this way, he gains popularity and loyalty.
After six years of peace, Hrafnkell decides the time for revenge has come. He receives news that Sámr's brother, Eyvindr, is travelling close by with a few companions. He gathe... | 54,221 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
up residence at Aðalból, his old home, and resumes the duties of a chieftain.
Sámr rides west and again seeks the support of Þorkell and Þorgeirr, but they tell him he has only himself to blame for his misfortune. He should have killed Hrafnkell when he had the chance. They will not support Sámr in anot... | 54,222 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
saga" remains completely unidentified. The text does not name him; nor does any other extant source. He was, however, certainly an Icelander and probably lived near the area which serves as the setting for the saga's events. Sigurður Nordal thought it was written by a chieftain. Hermann Pálsson detected ... | 54,223 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
uses vellum from the first half of the 15th century, but unfortunately only one page remains. Paper copies made from the complete manuscript preserve the full text of the saga. The partially extant skin manuscript may well have copied the original composition directly. In any case the saga seems faithful... | 54,224 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
Thus they believe the shorter text closer to the original, and have given scant attention to the extended version.
## Publishing history.
and Konráð Gíslason gave the saga its first publication, in Copenhagen in 1839. Other scholarly editions include that of Jakob Jakobsen in 1902–1903, Jón Jóhannesson... | 54,225 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
of the original text. Its supporters in response depicted the standardised Old Norse spelling as an artificial construct—no closer to the actual manuscripts than the modern spelling—and an unnecessary burden to the casual reader. The latter view won out and the sagas have since frequently appeared using ... | 54,226 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
sagas. Readers especially appreciate it for its cohesive and logical story line; along with its brevity, these qualities make it an ideal first read for newcomers to the sagas. It has served as a standard text in Icelandic high schools and as an introductory text for students of Old Norse.
# Origins.
P... | 54,227 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
events were passed down orally for hundreds of years until committed to writing by faithful scribes. Scholars in the 19th century (such as Guðbrandur Vigfússon and Finnur Jónsson) especially espoused this view; it largely went out of fashion in academia by around 1940.
Many see "Hrafnkels saga" as a pri... | 54,228 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
two or three readings.
But the historical interpretation ran into several problems. When compared with other sources on the same period, notably "Landnámabók", discrepancies spring up. As one example, "Landnámabók" tells us that Hrafnkell had a father named Hrafn, but the saga names him Hallfreðr. The s... | 54,229 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
its historical veracity. The conclusion they reached regarding the origin of the saga was that it was not a redaction of oral transmission, but rather a "bookish composition" that are "historically impossible". This stance has been referred to as the "Buchprosa" or "bookprosist" position.
Gordon pointed... | 54,230 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
the meddlers (Þorkell and his goði brother Þorgeirr Þjóstarsson from the Westfjords) are considered fictitious.
Nordal argues that the saga treats geographical facts incorrectly. He claims that the valleys used as the ostensible settings for the events of the story would never have allowed for as great ... | 54,231 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
he changed them according to his own whim to fit the plot of the novella he wanted to write.
## Folklore.
Another school of thought regarding the origin of the sagas, which came into prominence in the second half of the 20th century, emphasises the elements of folklore and the oral survival of legends ... | 54,232 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
research to determine which elements of a story seem likely to endure and which seem ephemeral. Theory suggests that core story lines of the sagas will preserve oral elements long-term, whereas one can expect details – such as the names of secondary characters – to change over the centuries.
The Iceland... | 54,233 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
and changed in unimportant details, long after the composition of "Landnámabók".
Óskar traces the story of Freyfaxi back to horse-worship among Indo-European peoples, and in his opinion such mythic or folkloric themes strengthen the case for the oral preservation of elements of "Hrafnkels saga" since he... | 54,234 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
on the saga, emphasises its heathen religious elements. While acknowledging that a large part of the story line probably represents 13th-century fiction, Jón Hnefill finds evidence of an oral tradition in such aspects of the story as Hrafnkell's sacrifices and the behaviour of Freyfaxi.
Jónas Kristjánss... | 54,235 |
1403117 | Hrafnkels saga | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hrafnkels%20saga | Hrafnkels saga
uthors, between inherited pragmatic attitudes and imported Christian ethics."
# References.
- Bibliography
- , published in English as
# Editions.
Editions cited
# English translations.
- .
# External links.
- 1839 edition
- Full Old Norse text at the Icelandic Saga Database
- Full text with m... | 54,236 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
Bendix G-15
The Bendix G-15 computer was introduced in 1956 by the Bendix Corporation, Computer Division, Los Angeles, California. It is about 5 by 3 by 3 ft (1.5m by 1m by 1m) and weighs about .
The base system, without peripherals, cost $49,500. A working model cost around $60,000 (over $500,000 by toda... | 54,237 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
design while working as a professor at Berkeley, and other universities. David C. Evans was one of the Bendix engineers on the G-15 project. He would later become famous for his work in computer graphics and for starting up Evans & Sutherland with Ivan Sutherland.
# Architecture.
The G-15 was inspired by ... | 54,238 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
The length of delay, and thus the number of words on a track, is determined by the spacing of the read and write heads, the delay corresponding to the time required for a section of the drum to travel from the write head to the corresponding read head. Under normal operation, data are written back without c... | 54,239 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
fast access to frequently needed data. Even the machine's accumulators are implemented as drum lines: three double-word lines are used for intermediate storage and double-precision addition, multiplication, and division in addition to a one single-word accumulator. This use of the drum rather than flip-flop... | 54,240 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
serial nature of the G-15's memory was carried over into the design of its arithmetic and control circuits. The adders work on one binary digit at a time, and even the instruction word was designed to minimize the number of bits in an instruction that needed to be retained in flip-flops (to the extent of le... | 54,241 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
for well-written programs. Its addition time is 270 microseconds (not counting memory access time). Single-precision multiplication took 2,439 microseconds and double-precision multiplication take 16,700 microseconds.
# Peripherals.
One of the G-15's primary output devices is the typewriter with an output... | 54,242 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
photoelectric paper tape reader (250 hexadecimal digits per second on five-channel paper tape for the PR-1; 400 characters from 5-8 channel tape for the PR-2) read programs (and occasionally saved data) from tapes that were often mounted in cartridges for easy loading and unloading. Not unlike magnetic tape... | 54,243 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
"Universal Code Accessory" included the "35-4" Friden Flexowriter and HSR-8 paper tape reader and HSP-8 paper tape punch. The mechanical reader and punch can process paper tapes up to eight channels wide at 110 characters per second.
The CA-1 "Punched Card Coupler" can connect one or two IBM 026 card punch... | 54,244 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
pen plotter runs at one inch per second with 200 increments per inch on a paper roll one foot wide by 100 feet long. The optional retractable pen-holder eliminates "retrace lines".
The MTA-2 can interface up to four drives for half-inch Mylar magnetic tapes, which can store as many as 300,000 words (in blo... | 54,245 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
latency of the storage medium: Instructions and data are not always immediately available and, in the worst case, one must wait for the complete recirculation of a delay line to obtain data from a given memory address. The problem is addressed in the G-15 by what the Bendix literature calls "minimum-access ... | 54,246 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
the programmer can cross off each address as it is used.
A symbolic assembler, similar to the IBM 650's SOAP (Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program), was introduced in the late 1950s and includes routines for minimum-access coding. Other programming aids include a supervisor program, a floating-point interpret... | 54,247 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
in floating point. Instructions to Intercom 500, 550, and 1000 are numerical, six or seven digits in length. Instructions are stored sequentially; the beauty is convenience, not speed. Intercom 1000 even has an optional double-precision version.
As mentioned above the machine uses hexadecimal numbers. But ... | 54,248 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
such as those which appeared in the 1970s, can be called personal computers. Nevertheless, the machine's low acquisition and operating costs, and the fact that it does not require a dedicated operator, meant that organizations could allow users complete access to the machine.
Over 400 G-15s were manufactur... | 54,249 |
1403168 | Bendix G-15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendix%20G-15 | Bendix G-15
ther countries such as Australia and Canada. The machine found a niche in civil engineering, where it was used to solve cut and fill problems. Some have survived and have made their way to computer museums or science and technology museums around the world.
Huskey received one of the last production G15s, ... | 54,250 |
1403177 | Leonard Barkman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard%20Barkman | Leonard Barkman
Leonard Barkman
Leonard A. Barkman (July 12, 1920 in Steinbach, Manitoba – January 5, 1979) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Manitoba legislature from 1962 to 1973, sitting as a member of the Liberal Party. He was the first Mennonite elected to the Manitoba assembly from an ... | 54,251 |
1403177 | Leonard Barkman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard%20Barkman | Leonard Barkman
for a number of years.
He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the election of 1962, defeating Progressive Conservative Peter Thiessen by over 800 votes in the riding of Carillon. He was re-elected by an expanded margin in the 1966 election. In the 1969 election, he was re-elected in the re... | 54,252 |
1403177 | Leonard Barkman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard%20Barkman | Leonard Barkman
after L.A. Barkman. A plaque in honour of Barkman—near the southeast corner of the park—reads, "L.A. Barkman (1920-1979); Councillor 1952-1958; Mayor 1958-1970; MLA 1962-1973. A life dedicated to public service." "L.A. Barkman Park" contains a famous landmark known as "Abe's Hill," which serves as an id... | 54,253 |
1403177 | Leonard Barkman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard%20Barkman | Leonard Barkman
the City Council decided to proceed with the residential development of a two-acre strip of land along the northern boundary of "L.A. Barkman Park", fronting the extension of Woodhaven Ave., against the wishes of the original owner of the property, Justice Gordon J. Barkman, who had formerly served as a... | 54,254 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
David Carnegie (explorer)
The Hon. David Wynford Carnegie (23 March 1871 – 27 November 1900) was an explorer and gold prospector in Western Australia. In 1896 he led an expedition from Coolgardie through the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts to Halls Creek, and then back again.
# Early life.
D... | 54,255 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
Finding it boring, he quit after a few weeks, and set sail for Australia with his friend Lord Percy Douglas.
# Gold prospecting.
On arriving in Albany, Western Australia in September 1892, Carnegie and Douglas learned of Arthur Bayley's discovery of gold at Coolgardie, and immediately decide... | 54,256 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
to make a living as a prospector, he took a job at the "Bayley's Reward" mine in Coolgardie.
Late in 1893, Douglas was appointed a director of a new mining exploration company, thus securing finances for Carnegie's prospecting. In March 1894, Carnegie commenced his first prospecting expeditio... | 54,257 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
Margaret and Mount Ida, they returned to Coolgardie, having been away for ninety days and having travelled about . They had found little evidence of gold, and nothing worth claiming a lease on.
In November 1894, Carnegie set out on his second prospecting expedition, this time in the company o... | 54,258 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
sought water in a granite outcrop near Lake Darlot, about east of the present-day town of Leinster. There, they had the good fortune to stumble upon the scene of a rich new find, before news of the find had reached Coolgardie. Having beaten the rush, Carnegie was able to discover and lay claim... | 54,259 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
away, his syndicate had pegged another mine, and shortly after his return it also was sold.
# Exploration.
Carnegie invested his profits from the two mines in preparations for his major expedition; he proposed to travel almost from Coolgardie to Halls Creek. Much of the area through which he... | 54,260 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
They travelled north to Menzies, then north east. On 23 July they entered largely unexplored country, and were immediately affected by the extreme scarcity of water. By 9 August they were desperately short of water; that day they came upon a native, who they captured and forced to show where w... | 54,261 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
the spring, the expedition continued north. Throughout August, September and October, the party passed through the desert country of the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts. At first, the terrain was largely flat, and consisted almost entirely of spinifex and sand (hence the name "Spinifex and Sand... | 54,262 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
desert without loss. However, on 2 November, with their journey nearing completion, a number of Carnegie's camels ate poisonous plants, and three died. Four weeks later, with the party only from the Derby–Halls Creek road, Stansmore slipped while crossing a ridge, and dropped his gun. When the... | 54,263 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
had taken a path roughly parallel to the Carnegie expedition, but about further west. Carnegie offered to join the search for the missing men, but despite his familiarity with the search area, he was not sent out immediately, being instead put on standby in Halls Creek. He formulated a search ... | 54,264 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
the party decided to continue exploring, by returning to Coolgardie by a more easterly overland route. The party left Halls Creek on 22 March 1897, heading east then southeast, before eventually turning south. At first the going was easier than the trip north: water and game were easily found;... | 54,265 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
and generous watering. They arrived back in Coolgardie late in August 1897, having again found no land of interest to prospector or pastoralist.
Shortly after the completion of his expedition, Carnegie sold his assets and sailed for England. In England, he wrote and published a book on his ex... | 54,266 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
in northern Kenya and the Nile, but was unsuccessful.
Eventually Carnegie accepted a position as Assistant Resident of the Middle Niger in the Protectorate of Nigeria. He sailed for Africa in December 1899, and took up his job in late January 1900. In November 1900, Carnegie was sent to appre... | 54,267 |
1403122 | David Carnegie (explorer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Carnegie%20(explorer) | David Carnegie (explorer)
99, and took up his job in late January 1900. In November 1900, Carnegie was sent to apprehend a fugitive named Gana. While searching the village of Tawari in the early hours of the morning of 27 November 1900, he was shot in the thigh with a poison arrow. He died fifteen minutes later. He was... | 54,268 |
1403185 | Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiromani%20Akali%20Dal%20(Longowal) | Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)
Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal)
Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal) was a splinter group of the Parkash Singh Badal-led Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD). The party was launched in 2004 with Surjit Kaur Barnala (wife of SAD leader Surjit Singh Barnala) as its president. Prem Singh Chandumajra also joi... | 54,269 |
1403192 | Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Mazdoor Congress | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jai%20Jawan%20Jai%20Kisan%20Mazdoor%20Congress | Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Mazdoor Congress
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Mazdoor Congress
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Mazdoor Congress, a political party in India, launched on December 10, 2004 by former Bharatiya Janata Party general secretary Sunil Shastri son of Lal Bahadur Shastri. | 54,270 |
1403189 | Haryana State Akali Dal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haryana%20State%20Akali%20Dal | Haryana State Akali Dal
Haryana State Akali Dal
Haryana State Akali Dal (or HSAD) is a Sikh political party in India, a splinter group of the Badal-led Shiromani Akali Dal that sided with Gurcharan Singh Tohra on the Ranjit Singh issue. HSAD was formed on 23 May 1999 on similar lines as Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi. Five... | 54,271 |
1403194 | Kerala People's Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerala%20People's%20Party | Kerala People's Party
Kerala People's Party
Kerala People's Party is a political party in the Indian state of Kerala, led by actor S. Devan.
2011
It was formed on 11 March 2011 | 54,272 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
Law of identity
In logic, the law of identity states that each thing is identical with itself. It is the first of the three laws of thought, along with the law of noncontradiction, and the law of excluded middle. However, no system of logic is built on just these laws, and none of these laws provide in... | 54,273 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
formally as A is A. One statement of such a principle is "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose."
In logical discourse, violations of the law of identity result in the informal logical fallacy known as equivocation. That is to say, we cannot use the same term in the same discourse while having it signify ... | 54,274 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
that what we call "sounds" and "colours" are two different classes of thing:
It is used explicitly only once in Aristotle, in a proof in the "Prior Analytics":
## Medieval philosophy.
Aristotle believed the law of non contradiction to be the most fundamental law. Both Thomas Aquinas ("Met." IV, lect.... | 54,275 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
possible allusion to the same principle may be found in the writings of Nicholas of Cusa (1431-1464) where he says:
## Modern philosophy.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz claimed that the law of identity, which he expresses as "Everything is what it is", is the first primitive truth of reason which is affirm... | 54,276 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
they are in fact one and the same: Fx and Fy iff x = y.
John Locke ("Essay Concerning Human Understanding" IV. vii. iv. ("Of Maxims") says:
Hamilton was one of the last to dedicate much to the "three laws"
Afrikan Spir proclaims the law of identity as the fundamental law of knowledge, which is oppose... | 54,277 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
"A is A".
## Contemporary philosophy.
### Analytic.
In the "Foundations of Arithmetic", Gottlob Frege associated the number one with the property of being self identical. Frege's paper On Sense and Reference begins with a discussion on equality and meaning. Frege wondered how a true statement of the ... | 54,278 |
1403190 | Law of identity | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law%20of%20identity | Law of identity
Bertrand Russell in On Denoting has this similar puzzle: "If a is identical with b, whatever is true of the one is true of the other, and either may be substituted for the other without altering the truth or falsehood of that proposition. Now George IV wished to know whether Scott was the author of Wave... | 54,279 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
Hunter Mountain (New York)
Hunter Mountain is in the towns of Hunter and Lexington, just south of the village of Hunter, in Greene County, New York, United States. At approximately in elevation, it is the highest peak in the county and the second-highest peak in the Catskill Mountains.
Whil... | 54,280 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
bikers in the future). It is the most popular route to the mountain's summit.
# Geography.
Hunter takes the shape of a medium-length ridge, rising steeply from Stony Clove Notch in the east, then gently to the summit in the center, and gently back down to the west where the land makes a muc... | 54,281 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
(only one of the several trails to the summit comes to it from the north). On the south side, slopes are equally steep and challenging to the southeast. However, a ridge splits off at a level area, known as Devil's Acre, midway along the mountain, rising to a ) summit unofficially known as So... | 54,282 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
Clove Creek to Esopus Creek and thence to the Hudson. The cirque on the southwest gives rise to a Schoharie tributary, the West Kill, also fed by Hunter Brook. Regardless of the stream, all of Hunter is part of New York City's watershed, as the Esopus is impounded in Ashokan Reservoir and the... | 54,283 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
Hunter takes its name from John Hunter, a somewhat despised local landlord. It is not known when the mountain was first climbed, or by whom. A popular local legend has it that Hunter, or some other later landowner, went to the summit with a hand level in order to be sure they had indeed purch... | 54,284 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
or nearby Black Dome, central peak of the Blackhead Mountains, was thought to be the range's highest, in contrast to the claims of nearby hoteliers for Kaaterskill High Peak.
Hunter, unlike Slide, was located close to settlements and saw considerable exploitation of its forest resources. Ret... | 54,285 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
and 1917 that it is hard to find virgin forest anywhere in the lands they once owned. Some of the roads and railroads they built on the mountains still serve as trails today, and other remnants of their operations are in the nearby woods.
Gifford Pinchot, first chief of the USFS under Teddy ... | 54,286 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
buying the abandoned tracts, rendering them "forever wild" under the state constitution. By 1929, most of the mountain had been acquired and trails began to be cut, although it would be 1935 before most were finished.
The construction of the ski area put renewed development pressure on the m... | 54,287 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
protect Bicknell's thrush and other threatened montane bird species, finally put the idea to rest.
## Site of key conversation in Clinton impeachment.
According to the Starr Report, on Memorial Day weekend in 1996, Monica Lewinsky told a family friend, Dale Young, about her affair with Pres... | 54,288 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
when Lewinsky made her disclosure.
## Today.
Currently, Hunter, Rusk and Southwest Hunter mountains are grouped by DEC into the Hunter Mountain Wild Forest, reflecting the extensive past disturbances to the forest. A change proposed in the pending update to the Catskill Park State Land Mast... | 54,289 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
logging operations and ski development, Hunter's forests have been widely affected by forest fires, particularly on the eastern slope above Stony Clove Notch. Catskill forest historian Michael Kudish describes Hunter as the "interior fire capital of the Catskills" since it has almost as much ... | 54,290 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
themselves (red spruce is also found as an associate to hemlocks at lower elevations near Stony Clove Notch, reflecting the extensive tanbarking there).
According to Kudish, it is clear from a popular viewpoint over Southwest Hunter near a trail junction a short distance east of the summit t... | 54,291 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
forest growing on the Hunter side of NY 214 as it ascends into Stony Clove Notch. The elevation there is around , far lower than such forests are usually found in the Catskills.
# Approaches.
There are four available routes up Hunter. An unlimited number of trailless routes also, of course,... | 54,292 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
for horses and has recently been renovated and slightly rerouted for them. Cross-country skiers also use it in the winter as well.
It begins at a parking area near the end of Spruceton Road (Greene County Route 6), past the point where pavement ends, from NY 42 at West Kill. From the trailhe... | 54,293 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
point by hikers beginning the bushwhack up Rusk.
After these turns, it begins a more pronounced climb up the side of the brook valley, heading more to the northeast. This levels out at about when the road reaches Taylor Hollow, the low point between Hunter and East Rusk. An abandoned road co... | 54,294 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
leveled many turns into gentler switchbacks, making it much more accessible for horses.
In the next it will climb to a spring where a barrel and a hitching post has been installed (again for the benefit of horses) and the site of the John Robb Lean-to, a popular log shelter that burned from ... | 54,295 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
lean-to site, there are excellent views to the west of Rusk, West Kill and the Spruceton Valley.
After the lean-to fir and spruce become more pronounced in the surrounding woods, and at about the Colonel's Chair Trail junction the line is crossed and the forest becomes boreal. The trail clim... | 54,296 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
the north and good-quality reliable springs. The road gets noticeably more winding and steeper as it makes its last climb to the summit.
A loop route can be, and frequently is, made by following the Spruceton Trail to the junction with the yellow-blazed Hunter Mountain Trail, descending to D... | 54,297 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
some impressive shale cliffs known as the Devil's Portal, then following an old barkpeeler's road through an area where the hemlock are beginning to regenerate and red spruce have sprung up as associates. It returns to a more standard trail at the upper limit of the hemlocks and levels out ju... | 54,298 |
1403152 | Hunter Mountain (New York) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunter%20Mountain%20(New%20York) | Hunter Mountain (New York)
of the Spruceton Trail, for a total hike of and vertical ascent of .
This approach also offers the possibility of visiting Southwest Hunter as well as a detour on the return trip.
The summit can also be reached by accessing Devil's Path from the West via either trailhead of the Diamond Notc... | 54,299 |
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