wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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11564397 | Ingebrikt Grose | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingebrikt%20Grose | Ingebrikt Grose
of St. Olaf College for the 50th anniversary celebration in 1925. Grose died in 1939 and he is buried at Gol Lutheran Church Cemetery in Kenyon, Minnesota. Grose Hall at Concordia College was named after the first president of the college, I.F. Grose.
# Selected bibliography.
- "Fifty Memorable Years ... | 6,118,200 |
11564384 | USS Seagull (AM-30) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Seagull%20(AM-30) | USS Seagull (AM-30)
USS Seagull (AM-30)
USS "Seagull" (AM-30) was an acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.
"Seagull" was laid down on 15 June 1918 by the Gas Engine and Power Co., Morris Heights, New York; launched ... | 6,118,201 |
11564384 | USS Seagull (AM-30) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Seagull%20(AM-30) | USS Seagull (AM-30)
units already engaged in clearing the waters between Scotland and Norway of the mine barrage planted during World War I. On 30 September, during the seventh and final sweeping operation, "Seagull" was damaged by the explosion of an upper-level mine. On the completion of repairs, she departed England... | 6,118,202 |
11564384 | USS Seagull (AM-30) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Seagull%20(AM-30) | USS Seagull (AM-30)
25th, the North Sea Mine Force was dissolved.
# Post-World War I Pacific operations.
"Seagull", assigned to the Pacific Fleet, proceeded first to Charleston, South Carolina, for repairs; then - with the new year, 1920 — continued on to San Diego, California, arriving on 30 January. Designated "AM-... | 6,118,203 |
11564384 | USS Seagull (AM-30) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Seagull%20(AM-30) | USS Seagull (AM-30)
e operations at Pearl Harbor after 7 December 1941, she provided services - torpedo recovery, target towing, and escort - until after the close of World War II.
# Decommissioning.
Redesignated twice during the war, to Ocean Tug AT-141 on 1 June 1942 and to ATO-141 on 15 May 1944, "Seagull" departe... | 6,118,204 |
11564391 | Clarence Mitchell (baseball) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20Mitchell%20(baseball) | Clarence Mitchell (baseball)
Clarence Mitchell (baseball)
Clarence Elmer Mitchell (February 22, 1891 – November 6, 1963) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher.
# Background.
He played in the majors from 1911 to 1932 for the Detroit Tigers, Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Brooklyn Robins, Philadelphia Phill... | 6,118,205 |
11564391 | Clarence Mitchell (baseball) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence%20Mitchell%20(baseball) | Clarence Mitchell (baseball)
ganss was able to double up the lead runner, Pete Kilduff, who was still running toward third, then tagged out Otto Miller, who had come down from first base. Mitchell is the only player in Major League history to hit into an unassisted triple play in a World Series. In his next at bat, Mit... | 6,118,206 |
11564621 | Lawrence S. Trimble | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence%20S.%20Trimble | Lawrence S. Trimble
Lawrence S. Trimble
Lawrence Strother Trimble (26 August 1825 – 9 August 1904) was a United States congressman from Kentucky, a Kentucky judge, and New Mexican politician and lawyer.
Trimble was born in Fleming County, Kentucky to the farming family of James and Harriet (Triplett) Trimble. He comp... | 6,118,207 |
11564621 | Lawrence S. Trimble | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence%20S.%20Trimble | Lawrence S. Trimble
in 1856 and served until 1860. From 1860 until 1865 he was president of the New Orleans & Ohio Railroad Company.
Trimble served three consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1865 to 1870 as a Democrat for the 1st Congressional District of Kentucky. He was one of the 47 represent... | 6,118,208 |
11564621 | Lawrence S. Trimble | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence%20S.%20Trimble | Lawrence S. Trimble
es from 1865 to 1870 as a Democrat for the 1st Congressional District of Kentucky. He was one of the 47 representatives who voted against the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868. In 1870, he failed to receive the Democratic party nomination from his district for congress.
In 1879, Trimble moved t... | 6,118,209 |
11564581 | The Day (Babyface album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Day%20(Babyface%20album) | The Day (Babyface album)
The Day (Babyface album)
The Day is the fourth studio album by American R&B artist Babyface, released in October 1996 on Epic Records. The album peaked at No. 6 on the US "Billboard" 200 chart and No. 4 on the Top R&B Albums chart. "The Day" has also been certified double Platinum in the US by... | 6,118,210 |
11564581 | The Day (Babyface album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Day%20(Babyface%20album) | The Day (Babyface album)
You" and "Every Time I Close My Eyes" both reached No. 6 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
# Personnel.
- Produced by: Babyface (except "All Day Thinkin'" co-produced by Gerald Baillergeau; "Simple Days" co-produced by Bradley; and "This Is For The Lover In You" co-produced by LL Cool J, Trackma... | 6,118,211 |
11564581 | The Day (Babyface album) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Day%20(Babyface%20album) | The Day (Babyface album)
nt, Hollywood, CA.
- Additional recording at Larrabee Sound Studios, Los Angeles, CA, Ocean Way Recordings, Hollywood, CA, Capitol Recording Studios, Hollywood CA and Quad Studios, New York, NY.
- Mixed at Brandon's Way Recording, Hollywood CA, The Record Plant, Hollywood, CA, Conway Recordin... | 6,118,212 |
11564676 | Sam Cliff | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sam%20Cliff | Sam Cliff
Sam Cliff
Sam Cliff (born 3 October 1987) is an English cricketer who played at First-class, List A and Twenty20 level for Leicestershire between 2007 and 2011.
He made his first-class debut in 2007, in a game against Oxford University, which his team won by an innings margin. He took one wicket in the firs... | 6,118,213 |
11564723 | Amblyglyphidodon indicus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amblyglyphidodon%20indicus | Amblyglyphidodon indicus
Amblyglyphidodon indicus
Amblyglyphidodon indicus also known as the Maldives damselfish is a species of fish in the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and the Maldives. The fish reaches 8.3 centimeters in length. Its diet includes zooplankton and floa... | 6,118,214 |
11564629 | Joseph Boyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Boyer | Joseph Boyer
Joseph Boyer
Joseph E. Boyer (1848 – October 24, 1930) was a Canadian-American inventor and computer industrialist.
Boyer was President of the J. Boyer Machine Co. in St. Louis, Missouri. He helped William Seward Burroughs I develop the adding machine and was the inventor of the first successful rivet gu... | 6,118,215 |
11564629 | Joseph Boyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Boyer | Joseph Boyer
as president until 1920.
Joseph Boyer, then President of the American Arithmometer Company, was quoted as saying:
There was Burroughs with his great idea, greater than any of us could fully appreciate, and with his meager capital of $300. Long before the first model was actually begun his money was gone.... | 6,118,216 |
11564629 | Joseph Boyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph%20Boyer | Joseph Boyer
machines, they got the most amazing results. People began to question Burroughs' judgment and doubt his ability.
Everyone but Burroughs was ready to quit. Yet the inventor himself was undaunted, demonstrating his contempt for imperfection by tossing the 50 machines, one by one, out of a second-story windo... | 6,118,217 |
11564833 | Theft Act 1607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theft%20Act%201607 | Theft Act 1607
Theft Act 1607
The Theft Act 1607 (c.6) is an Act of the Parliament of Scotland.
# Title.
"Act Anent woddis parkis planting dowcattis et cetera " (An Act concerning woods, parks, planting, doocots, etc.)
# Content.
The Act was subject to six separate repeals of words by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 ... | 6,118,218 |
11564833 | Theft Act 1607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theft%20Act%201607 | Theft Act 1607
.
"Act Anent woddis parkis planting dowcattis et cetera " (An Act concerning woods, parks, planting, doocots, etc.)
# Content.
The Act was subject to six separate repeals of words by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Statute Law Revision (Scotland) Act 1964 (c.80). Its form prior to those repeals w... | 6,118,219 |
11564855 | Amerifax | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amerifax | Amerifax
Amerifax
Amerifax is a breed of beef cattle, developed in the US in the 1970s. This breed is a combination of Angus (5/8th) and Beef Friesian (3/8th).
# References.
- Breeds of Livestock - Amerifax (based on Mason, I.L. 1996. "A World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties" Fourth Edition. C.A.... | 6,118,220 |
11564792 | FC Emmendingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC%20Emmendingen | FC Emmendingen
FC Emmendingen
FC Emmendingen is a German association football club from the town of Emmendingen, Baden-Württemberg.
# History.
The club has roots that go back to the founding of "FV Emmendingen" in 1903. The present-day association was created out of the merger of that side and "SV 1921 Emmendingen" ... | 6,118,221 |
11564792 | FC Emmendingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC%20Emmendingen | FC Emmendingen
to the Regionalliga Süd (II). "Emmendingen"'s season there was a disaster as the team gave up 158 goals while scoring only 31 in losing 33 matches and drawing 2, with their only victory coming in their second-to-last game of the campaign.
The club remained competitive at the Amateurliga level, capturing... | 6,118,222 |
11564792 | FC Emmendingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC%20Emmendingen | FC Emmendingen
finishes in 1973 and 1974, they were relegated in 1979 from what had become the Verbandsliga Südbaden (IV).
After several seasons in the Landesliga Württemberg (V), the club returned to fourth-tier play in 1985. A second Südbadischer Pokal in 1986 earned "Emmendingen" its first appearance in DFB-Pokal (... | 6,118,223 |
11564792 | FC Emmendingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC%20Emmendingen | FC Emmendingen
despite strong performances through the 1990s. A vice-championship in 2005, followed by a successful promotion playoff run saw the team return to the Oberliga in 2005–06.
After two seasons in the Oberliga, the side was relegated back to the Verbandsliga, followed by a further drop to the Landesliga in 2... | 6,118,224 |
11564792 | FC Emmendingen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FC%20Emmendingen | FC Emmendingen
onours.
The club's honours:
## League.
- Amateurliga Südbaden (III)
- Champions: 1963, 1964, 1971
- Verbandsliga Südbaden (IV)
- Champions: 1989
## Cup.
- South Baden Cup
- Winners: 1966, 1986, 1988, 2003
- Runners-up: 1971, 1998, 2000
# Recent managers.
Recent managers of the club:
# Recent... | 6,118,225 |
11564898 | Christmas with Babyface | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas%20with%20Babyface | Christmas with Babyface
Christmas with Babyface
Christmas with Babyface is a holiday album by R&B singer, Babyface. | 6,118,226 |
11564870 | Star Firestar M43 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Firestar%20M43 | Star Firestar M43
Star Firestar M43
The Star Firestar is a series of single-action semi-automatic pistol consisting of four models that received the 1991 Handgun of the Year Award from "Guns & Ammo" magazine. The Firestar was available in 9 mm Para (M-43), .40 S&W (M-40), and .45 ACP(M-45) calibers, all having a singl... | 6,118,227 |
11564870 | Star Firestar M43 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Firestar%20M43 | Star Firestar M43
is different in several respects. For example, the Firestar does not have the 1911's grip safety. The Firestar's safety features include an automatic safety at the firing pin (a feature not included in the 1911's original design but often found in more modern 1911 variants). The Firestar has operating... | 6,118,228 |
11564870 | Star Firestar M43 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star%20Firestar%20M43 | Star Firestar M43
er and locked manual safety.
The Firestar is a compact, reliable and accurate handgun well-suited for backup or concealed carry. Its single-stack design sacrifices the superior magazine capacity of a double-stack, but permits a slim profile prized by many for concealed carry. While heavier than more ... | 6,118,229 |
11564740 | IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IU%20Michael%20A.%20Carroll%20Track%20&%20Soccer%20Stadium | IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium
IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium
IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium is a 12,100-seat soccer and track and field stadium located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is the home of the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Jaguars... | 6,118,230 |
11564740 | IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IU%20Michael%20A.%20Carroll%20Track%20&%20Soccer%20Stadium | IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium
amed for Indianapolis civic leader Michael A. Carroll. The stadium was built in 1982 for $7 million as a track and field venue. The facility has hosted the track and field events of the 1987 Pan American Games, 2001 World Police and Fire Games, several USA Outdoor Track and ... | 6,118,231 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
Louis Borno
Eustache Antoine Francois Joseph Louis Borno (September 20, 1865 – July 29, 1942) was a lawyer and Haitian politician who served as President of Haiti from 1922 to 1930 during the period of the American occupation of Haiti (1915–34).
# Early life and education.
Borno was of mixed race, the so... | 6,118,232 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
Minister of Foreign Affairs for President Pierre Nord Alexis.
The country of Haiti was looked upon as a strategically vital location by the United States at the onset of World War I. The U.S. had extended its influence throughout the Caribbean and Latin America following the construction of the Panama Cana... | 6,118,233 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
by confiscating the reserves of the National Bank of Haiti.
On 28 July 1915, a Haitian mob killed President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam in the legation of France, where he had taken refuge after having ordered the execution of nearly 200 political prisoners, most from the mixed-race elite. The same day, U.S. tro... | 6,118,234 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
population led to armed revolts in the countryside carried out by "cacos", farmers who had remained armed since the war of independence. The peasants had a strong culture of rebellion. U.S. troops claimed several thousand victims. Embarrassed by media coverage of the war and disappointed at the ineffectiven... | 6,118,235 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
to an agreement with Russell. He maintained a policy of "honest and frank cooperation", as Borno called it, and persuaded the Americans to help develop the country economically.
The Haitian state was deeply in debt. The external debt alone was equivalent to 4 years of the government budget. Borno decided i... | 6,118,236 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
Port-au-Prince became the first city of Latin America to have phone service available with automatic dialing. Agricultural education was organized with a central school of agriculture and 69 farms in the country.
Borno relied on the Catholic Church, with congregations coming from France to develop low-cost... | 6,118,237 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
He maintained a Council of State, whose 21 members he had appointed. He was re-elected by this body on 12 April 1926, which aroused opposition in the press. Borno tried to regulate it and imprisoned some journalists.
The world economic crisis that began in 1929 with the Stock Market Crash in the United Sta... | 6,118,238 |
11564830 | Louis Borno | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis%20Borno | Louis Borno
.
Because of the economic crisis, Haitian farmers became upset. On 6 December 1929, an excited group faced some U.S. Marines who fired on them and killed some.
The Forbes Committee resolved to organize free elections and end the American administration, but remained pessimistic about the sustainability of... | 6,118,239 |
11564881 | Paul Henderson (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Henderson%20(cricketer) | Paul Henderson (cricketer)
Paul Henderson (cricketer)
Paul Henderson (born 22 October 1974) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. Henderson played first-class and List A cricket for Durham in 1992. He was born in Stockton-on-Tees.
Henderson had in fact started pla... | 6,118,240 |
11564881 | Paul Henderson (cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Henderson%20(cricketer) | Paul Henderson (cricketer)
anded batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. Henderson played first-class and List A cricket for Durham in 1992. He was born in Stockton-on-Tees.
Henderson had in fact started playing for Durham in 1991, but as the team had not entered the County Championship at this point, the games we... | 6,118,241 |
11564895 | Alambadi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alambadi | Alambadi
Alambadi
Alambadi is a breed of cattle that originated in the southern state of Tamil Nadu in India.
In the past it was generally kept as a draught animal, although modern breeders are attempting to increase the milk output of this traditional breed. Alambadi breed is almost extinct and it is rare to find on... | 6,118,242 |
11564710 | MTV Unplugged NYC 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MTV%20Unplugged%20NYC%201997 | MTV Unplugged NYC 1997
MTV Unplugged NYC 1997
MTV Unplugged NYC 1997 is a live album from R&B artist, Babyface. It includes other performers such as Eric Clapton, Shanice, K-Ci & JoJo, Kevon Edmonds, Melvin Edmonds, Sheila E. and Stevie Wonder. | 6,118,243 |
11564938 | Countdown Spectacular | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countdown%20Spectacular | Countdown Spectacular
Countdown Spectacular
The Countdown Spectacular is a series of concerts reviving the nostalgia of the Australian music television series "Countdown".
# Countdown Spectacular.
The first tour was staged from June to August 2006. It featured mainly Australian artists and groups, some re-forming sp... | 6,118,244 |
11564938 | Countdown Spectacular | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countdown%20Spectacular | Countdown Spectacular
J. Holden
- Hush
- Brian Mannix
- Paul Norton
- James Reyne
- Leo Sayer
- Sherbet
- Alex Smith of Moving Pictures
- Wendy Stapleton (Wendy & the )
- Dave Sterry from Real Life
- Swanee
- Wilbur Wilde
- John Paul Young
- Ross Wilson and Mondo Rock
- Billy Miller of The Ferrets
- Goan... | 6,118,245 |
11564938 | Countdown Spectacular | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Countdown%20Spectacular | Countdown Spectacular
Band
- Graham Bonnet
- Kate Ceberano
- Richard Clapton
- Martha Davis from The Motels
- Doug Fieger from The Knack
- Samantha Fox
- Richard Gower from Racey
- Paul Gray from Wa Wa Nee
- Ignatius Jones from Jimmy And The Boys
- Katrina Leskanich from Katrina and the Waves
- Dave Mason fr... | 6,118,246 |
11564826 | Osismii | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osismii | Osismii
Osismii
The Osismii were a Gaulish tribe on the western Armorican peninsula. They were first described as the "Ostimioi" by the Greek geographer and traveller Pytheas in the fourth century BC.
Pytheas situated the Osismii at the end of the peninsula of "Kabaïon", which is not clearly identifiable today. This ... | 6,118,247 |
11564826 | Osismii | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osismii | Osismii
to the north of the peninsula. Other hypotheses situate it in the small peninsula of "Kermorvan" in today's commune of Ploumoguer and bordering the ria of Le Conquet, but the whole peninsula of Crozon with its large bays and safe harbors is not excluded, even if it does not extend to the westernmost point.
The... | 6,118,248 |
11564826 | Osismii | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osismii | Osismii
rtement" of Finistère, whose name reflects the same meaning in Latin "Finis Terræ", i.e. "end of the earth". Their chief city was "Vorgium", modern Carhaix (in today's commune of Carhaix-Plouguer).
They survived into Roman times and are found in the texts of Julius Caesar, Pliny the Elder, and Strabo. They sub... | 6,118,249 |
11564856 | Jake Speed | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jake%20Speed | Jake Speed
Jake Speed
Jake Speed is a 1986 American action adventure film comedy film directed and produced by Andrew Lane, with Wayne Crawford, and William Fay. It was written by Lane and Crawford, and starred Crawford in the title role, alongside Dennis Christopher, Karen Kopins and John Hurt.
# Plot.
In Paris, a ... | 6,118,250 |
11564856 | Jake Speed | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jake%20Speed | Jake Speed
in a series of 1940s-style pulp fiction novels.
However, Jake Speed does exist, as Margaret finds out, when he leaves a note for her to meet him and his sidekick, Desmond Floyd (Dennis Christopher), in a tough Paris bar. The novels, as Margaret finds out, are based on Jake and Des's real-life adventures, an... | 6,118,251 |
11564856 | Jake Speed | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jake%20Speed | Jake Speed
is revealed to be behind the ring, and soon, Margaret becomes a part of it. Jake and Des must now rescue both Maureen and Margaret, stop Sid, and help the girls get out in one piece, while dealing with warring factions, pits of lions, and machine gun-firing helicopters.
# Cast.
- Wayne Crawford as Jake Spe... | 6,118,252 |
11564856 | Jake Speed | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jake%20Speed | Jake Speed
inston
- Ian Yule as Bill Smith
# Production.
Filming took place in Sherman Oaks, California; Paris, France; and in Zimbabwe. The film was produced by "Balcor Film Investors" and "Force 10 Productions".
# Soundtrack.
A soundtrack of composer Mark Snow's music was released on LP record only by Varèse Sar... | 6,118,253 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
Reactor-grade plutonium
Reactor-grade plutonium/RGPu is the isotopic grade of plutonium that is found in spent nuclear fuel after the primary fuel, that of Uranium-235 that a nuclear power reactor uses, has burnt up. The Uranium-238 from which most of the plutonium isotopes derive, by neutron c... | 6,118,254 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
isotopes of plutonium that are less fissile or more radioactive.
Thermal-neutron reactors (today's most numerous nuclear power stations) can reuse reactor-grade plutonium only to a limited degree as MOX fuel, and only for a second cycle; fast-neutron reactors, of which there are fewer than a ha... | 6,118,255 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
in the dropping of the Thin Man weapon-design as unworkable. The difference in purity, of how much, continues to be important in assessing significance in the context of nuclear proliferation and weapons-usability.
The DOE definition of "reactor grade" plutonium changed in 1976. Before this, th... | 6,118,256 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
the 1962 "reactor-grade" test, has not been officially disclosed.
- Super weapons grade, less than 3% Pu-240,
- Weapons grade, less than 7% Pu-240 and
- Reactor grade, 7% or more Pu-240.
From 1976, four grades were recognised:
- Super weapons grade, less than 3% Pu-240
- Weapons grade, les... | 6,118,257 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
make it extremely difficult to handle and form and therefore explains its undesirability as a weapon-making substance, in contrast to weapons grade plutonium, which can be handled relatively safely with thick gloves.
To produce weapons grade plutonium, the uranium nuclear fuel must spend no lon... | 6,118,258 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
depressurized, followed by a fuel rod defueling. If such an operation were to be conducted, it would be easily detectable, and require prohibitively costly reactor modifications.
One example of how this process could be detected in PWRs, is that during these periods, there would be a considerab... | 6,118,259 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
US nuclear power stations was higher than all other forms of energy generation, with nuclear reactors producing power approximately 90.3% of the time and Coal thermal power plants at 63.8%, with down times being for simple routine maintenance and refuelling.
The degree to which typical Generati... | 6,118,260 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
and two orders of magnitude if the 240 Pu content increases from 5% (nearly weapons-grade plutonium) to 15%( 2 kt) and 25%,(0.2 kt) respectively. These computations are theoretical and assume the non-trivial issue of dealing with the heat generation from the higher content of non-weapons usable ... | 6,118,261 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
apprehension with the safeguards that are in place.
Others disagree on theoretical grounds and state that while they would not be suitable for stockpiling or being emplaced on a missile for long periods of time, dependably high non-fizzle level yields can be achieved, arguing that it would be "... | 6,118,262 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
in the pit from melting, and a design that kept the implosion mechanisms high explosives from being degraded by the pit's heat. However, with all these major design considerations included, this fusion boosted reactor grade plutonium primary will still fizzle if the fission component of the prim... | 6,118,263 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
an isotopic composition similar to modern, high burnup, reactor grade plutonium. All nuclear weapon states have taken the more conventional path to nuclear weapons by either uranium enrichment or producing low burnup, "fuel-grade" and weapons-grade plutonium, in reactors capable of operating as ... | 6,118,264 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
instead of commercial nuclear power plants. The re-purposing of civilian nuclear industries for military purposes would be a breach of the Non-proliferation treaty.
As nuclear reactor designs come in a wide variety and are sometimes improved over time, the isotopic ratio of what is deemed "reac... | 6,118,265 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
generic civilian Pressurized water reactor, routinely does (typical for 2015 Generation II reactor) 45 GWd/tU of burnup, resulting in the purity of Pu-239 being 50.5%, alongside a Pu-240 content of 25.2%, The remaining portion includes much more of the heat generating Pu-238 and Pu-242 isotopes ... | 6,118,266 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
Jimmy Carter, as background to his decision to prohibit nuclear reprocessing in the USA.
The plutonium used for the US-UK 1962 device was apparently sourced from the military magnox reactors at Calder Hall or Chapelcross in the United Kingdom, and provided to the US under the 1958 US-UK Mutual ... | 6,118,267 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
was the 1953 British Operation Totem series of nuclear tests. Despite producing a yield of 8-10 kilotons, from a Plutonium-239 content estimated at from 87-91%, something about the various tests displeased the British, for they never went through with their plan to weaponize Plutonium from magno... | 6,118,268 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
This intentional dual-use approach to building electric power-reactors that could operate as production reactors in the early Cold War era, was typical of many nations, in the now designated, "Generation I nuclear reactors". With these being designs all focused on giving access to fuel after a s... | 6,118,269 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
an undisclosed isotopic composition. The 2009 North Korean nuclear test likewise was based on plutonium. Both produced a yield of 0.48 to 2.3 kiloton of TNT equivalent respectively and both were described as fizzle events due to their low yield, with some commentators even speculating whether or... | 6,118,270 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
to Alexander DeVolpi, the isotopic composition of the plutonium used in the US-UK 1962 test could not have been what we now consider to be reactor-grade, and the DOE now implies, but doesn't assert, that the plutonium was fuel grade. Likewise, the World Nuclear Association suggests that the US-U... | 6,118,271 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
political analyst Matthew Bunn and presidential technology advisor John Holdren, both of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, in 1997, they cited a 1970s official U.S. assessment of programmatic alternatives for plutonium disposition. While it does not specify which RGPu defi... | 6,118,272 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
characteristics generally comparable to those of weapons made from weapon-grade plutonium"
In a 2008 paper, Kessler et al. used a thermal analysis to conclude that a hypothetical nuclear explosive device was "technically unfeasible" using reactor grade plutonium from a reactor that had a burn u... | 6,118,273 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
approximately 9% of the heat generating Pu-238 isotope.
# Typical isotopic composition of reactor grade plutonium.
The British Magnox reactor, a Generation I gas cooled reactor(GCR) design, can rarely produce a fuel burnup of more than 2-5 GWd/tU. The Magnox reactor design was codenamed "PIPPA... | 6,118,274 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
II reactor 45 GWd/tU of burnup, is 1.11% plutonium, of which 0.56% is Pu-239, and 0.28% is Pu-240, which corresponds to a Pu-239 content of 50.5% and a Pu-240 content of 25.2%. For a lower generic burn-up rate of 43,000 MWd/t, as published in 1989, the plutonium-239 content was 53% of all pluton... | 6,118,275 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
all plutonium isotopes (which was 1.11% in the first example above) as higher and higher burnups take place, while the even numbered non-fissile plutonium isotopes (e.g. Pu-238, Pu-240 and Pu-242) increasingly accumulate in the fuel over time.
As power reactor technology increases, a goal is to... | 6,118,276 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
have a designed-for burnup rate in the 60 GWd/tU range and a need to refuel once every 2 years or so. For example, the European Pressurized Reactor has a designed-for 65 GWd/t, and the AP1000 has a designed for average discharge burnup of 52.8 GWd/t and a maximum of 59.5 GWd/t. In-design generat... | 6,118,277 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
lowers the volume of high level nuclear waste.
One third of the energy/fissions at the "end" of the practical fuel life in a thermal reactor are from plutonium, the end of cycle occurs when the U-235 percentage drops, the primary fuel that drives the neutron economy inside the reactor and the d... | 6,118,278 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
practice that is typical in French "thermal" reactors, to a twice-thru reactor-grade plutonium, with an isotopic composition of 40.8% Pu-239 and 30.6% Pu-240 at the end of cycle (EOC). "MOX grade plutonium(MGPu)" is generally defined as having more than 30% Pu-240.
A limitation in the number of... | 6,118,279 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
on neutron capture; however, the even-mass plutonium-242 not only has a low neutron capture cross section within the thermal spectrum, it also requires 3 neutron captures before becoming a fissile nuclide.
While most thermal neutron reactors must limit MOX fuel to less than half of the total fu... | 6,118,280 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
fuel. The modernized IFR design, known as the S-PRISM concept and the Stable salt reactor concept, are two such fast reactors that are proposed to burn-up/eliminate the plutonium stockpiles in Britain that was produced from operating its fleet of inefficient MAGNOX reactors and thus has generate... | 6,118,281 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
so.
In the fast breeder reactor cycle, or fast breeder mode, as opposed to the fast-burner, the French Phénix reactor uniquely demonstrated multi-recycling and reuses of its reactor grade plutonium. Similar reactor concepts and fuel cycling, with the most well known being the Integral Fast Reac... | 6,118,282 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
varied arguments about proliferation-potential, in the public mindset.
As is typically found in civilian European "thermal" reactors, a 5.3% plutonium MOX fuel-bundle, produced by conventional wet-chemical/PUREX reprocessing of an initial fuel assembly that generated 33 GWd/t before becoming sp... | 6,118,283 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
into the same or a more advanced fleet of reactors, was planned in the US in the 1960s. At that time the uranium market was anticipated to become crowded and supplies tight so together with recycling fuel, the more efficient fast breeder reactors were thereby seen as immediately needed to effici... | 6,118,284 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
as within the US, there is the perception that it would lead to nuclear weapons proliferation. This decision has remained controversial and is viewed by many US physicists and engineers as fundamentally in error, having cost the US taxpayer and the fund generated by US reactor utility operators,... | 6,118,285 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
24,000 years respectively, the quality of the plutonium grade, increases with time (although its total quantity decreases during that time as well). Thus, physicists and engineers have pointed out, as hundreds/thousands of years pass, the alternative to fast reactor "burning" or recycling of the... | 6,118,286 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
terrorism target.
Aum Shinrikyo, who succeeded in developing Sarin and VX nerve gas is regarded to have lacked the technical expertise to develop, or steal, a nuclear weapon. Similarly, Al Qaeda was exposed to numerous scams involving the sale of radiological waste and other non-weapons-grade m... | 6,118,287 |
11563568 | Reactor-grade plutonium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reactor-grade%20plutonium | Reactor-grade plutonium
ernal links.
- Reactor-Grade Plutonium Can be Used to Make Powerful and Reliable Nuclear Weapons, FAS, Richard Garwin, CFR, Congressional testimony, 1998
- Reactor-Grade and Weapons-Grade Plutonium in Nuclear Explosives, Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility
- Nuclear weapons and powe... | 6,118,288 |
11564885 | Fletchers Glen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fletchers%20Glen | Fletchers Glen
Fletchers Glen
Fletchers Glen is a small but mature temperate rainforest in Bouddi National Park in New South Wales, Australia. It provides habitat for two threatened plant species — the Magenta Lily Pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) and the Paperbark (Melaleuca biconvexa) as well as the only locally known p... | 6,118,289 |
11564885 | Fletchers Glen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fletchers%20Glen | Fletchers Glen
terfalls with a creek flowing into Brisbane Water. The reserve has a wide diversity of flora and fauna.
# Flora and fauna.
Flora species include:
- Eucalyptus botryoides | Bangalay
- Acmena smithii | Lilly pilly
- Ficus coronata | Sandpaper fig
- Doryphora sassafras | Sassafras
- Glochidion ferdin... | 6,118,290 |
11564916 | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open%20Your%20Eyes%20(Alter%20Bridge%20song) | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song)
Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song)
"Open Your Eyes" is a song by the rock band Alter Bridge. The song, which is one of the band's biggest hits to date, was released as the first single off their 2004 debut album "One Day Remains". It peaked at No. 2 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks c... | 6,118,291 |
11564916 | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open%20Your%20Eyes%20(Alter%20Bridge%20song) | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song)
Mark Tremonti originally wanted "Down to My Last" to be the first single, but the record company rejected it, saying it sounded too much like Creed, the then-former band of Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips. "Open Your Eyes" was chosen instead.
During live ... | 6,118,292 |
11564916 | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open%20Your%20Eyes%20(Alter%20Bridge%20song) | Open Your Eyes (Alter Bridge song)
Kennedy in singing.
# Track listing.
- 1. "Open Your Eyes (Radio Edit)" - 4:31
- 2. "Open Your Eyes (Album Version)" - 4:58
- 3. "Save Me" - 3:27
- 4. "Open Your Eyes (Music Video)"
# Other media.
- An edited version of the song was featured in the 2004 video game "Madden NFL 2... | 6,118,293 |
11564761 | Cooper Bradshaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper%20Bradshaw | Cooper Bradshaw
Cooper Bradshaw
Henry Bradshaw Cooper better known as Coope is a fictional character on CBS's daytime drama "Guiding Light". Since September 2, 2004, he has been portrayed by John Driscoll. He was previously portrayed by Michael Cugno (December 26, 1996 to early 1997), Christopher and Nicholas Consolo ... | 6,118,294 |
11564761 | Cooper Bradshaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper%20Bradshaw | Cooper Bradshaw
writing abilities of Homer" in early 2009.
# Character information.
## Biography.
Henry Bradshaw Cooper was nicknamed "Coop" by his mother, Jenna, a former jewel thief who raised him in South America. When she returned to Springfield with him, she finally admitted to Buzz Cooper that he was Coop's fa... | 6,118,295 |
11564761 | Cooper Bradshaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper%20Bradshaw | Cooper Bradshaw
Phillip Spaulding over Company, the restaurant owned by the Coopers. This would lead to a conflict-ridden relationship with Phillip's daughter, Lizzie. At first, he hated her, but forced to serve as her chauffeur, they gradually started to sympathize with one another. While family squabbled escalated, L... | 6,118,296 |
11564761 | Cooper Bradshaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper%20Bradshaw | Cooper Bradshaw
antagonism with Olivia Spencer, the love interest of his father Buzz and brother, Frank. Both Buzz and Frank have since broken up with Olivia, largely due to Coop's paranoid and overprotective nature.
Coop became a teacher at the juvenile center where Ashlee Wolfe had a crush on him. Once she was relea... | 6,118,297 |
11564761 | Cooper Bradshaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cooper%20Bradshaw | Cooper Bradshaw
z and brother, Frank. Both Buzz and Frank have since broken up with Olivia, largely due to Coop's paranoid and overprotective nature.
Coop became a teacher at the juvenile center where Ashlee Wolfe had a crush on him. Once she was released, she and Coop began spending more time together, which resulted... | 6,118,298 |
11564298 | Operation Tiderace | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation%20Tiderace | Operation Tiderace
Operation Tiderace
Operation Tiderace was the codename of the British plan to retake Singapore following the Japanese surrender in 1945. The liberation force was led by Lord Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asia Command. Tiderace was initiated in coordination with Operation ... | 6,118,299 |
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