wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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6866889 | Zázrivá | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zázrivá | Zázrivá
Zázrivá
Zázrivá is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. It is located in the Orava region, around 35 km from Žilina and 20 km from Dolný Kubín. It was first mentioned in 1556.
# Etymology.
The name means "envied" (a village envied by others).
# Extern... | 6,122,400 |
6866874 | Powder of sympathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powder%20of%20sympathy | Powder of sympathy
Powder of sympathy
Powder of sympathy was a form of sympathetic medicine, current in the 17th century in Europe, whereby a remedy was applied to the weapon that had caused a wound with the aim of healing the injury it had made. Weapon salve was a preparation, again applied to the weapon, but based o... | 6,122,401 |
6866874 | Powder of sympathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powder%20of%20sympathy | Powder of sympathy
or calcined in the sun. The Duke of Buckingham testified that Digby had healed his secretary of a gangrenous wound by simply soaking the bloody bandage in a solution of the powder (possibly due to the oligodynamic effect). Digby claimed to have got the secret remedy from a Carmelite monk in Florence,... | 6,122,402 |
6866874 | Powder of sympathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powder%20of%20sympathy | Powder of sympathy
"Curious Enquiries." The pamphlet theorised that a wounded dog could be put aboard a ship, with the animal's discarded bandage left in the trust of a timekeeper on shore, who would then dip the bandage into the powder at a predetermined time and cause the creature to yelp, thus giving the captain of ... | 6,122,403 |
6866874 | Powder of sympathy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powder%20of%20sympathy | Powder of sympathy
rmined time and cause the creature to yelp, thus giving the captain of the ship an accurate knowledge of the time.
A weapon-salve (Latin unguentum armarium, Greek hoplocrisma) was a salve which was supposed to cure the wound, being applied to the weapon that made it. The salve consisted of the patie... | 6,122,404 |
6866901 | Gokenin Zankurō | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gokenin%20Zankurō | Gokenin Zankurō
Gokenin Zankurō
From 1995 to 2002 "Gokenin Zankurō" was also a prime-time television series on the Fuji Television network in Japan. Ken Watanabe played the lead, with Kyōko Kishida as his mother and Mayumi Wakamura as the geisha (Tsutakichi in the series). Watanabe directed the final episode.
# Exter... | 6,122,405 |
6866893 | Feature story | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feature%20story | Feature story
Feature story
A feature story is a piece of non-fiction writing about news. A feature story is a type of soft news. The main sub-types are the "news feature" and the "human-interest story".
A feature story is distinguished from other types of non-fiction by the quality of the writing. Stories should be ... | 6,122,406 |
6866893 | Feature story | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feature%20story | Feature story
creativity and subjectivity to make an emotional connection with the readers and may highlight some universal aspect of human nature. Unlike straight news, the feature story serves the purpose of entertaining the readers, in addition to informing them. Although truthful and based up good facts, they are l... | 6,122,407 |
6866893 | Feature story | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feature%20story | Feature story
one feature, but are creative and true. While the distinction between published features and news is often clear, when approached conceptually there are few hard boundaries between the two. It is quite possible to write a feature story in the style of a news story. Nevertheless, features do tend to take a... | 6,122,408 |
6866893 | Feature story | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feature%20story | Feature story
Interview
- Profile
- How-To
- Fact box / Chronology
- Backgrounder / A history of
- Full texts
- My testimony
- Analysis
- Vox pop / Expert roundup
- Opinion poll
- Review
Among sports writers, feature stories tend to be either human-interest stories or personality profiles of sports figures. ... | 6,122,409 |
6866893 | Feature story | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feature%20story | Feature story
under / A history of
- Full texts
- My testimony
- Analysis
- Vox pop / Expert roundup
- Opinion poll
- Review
Among sports writers, feature stories tend to be either human-interest stories or personality profiles of sports figures. A profile presents information about a person, but it differs from... | 6,122,410 |
6866911 | Dlhá nad Oravou | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dlhá%20nad%20Oravou | Dlhá nad Oravou
Dlhá nad Oravou
Dlhá nad Oravou is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.
# See also.
- List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
# Genealogical resources.
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Arch... | 6,122,411 |
6866904 | My Country, My Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My%20Country,%20My%20Country | My Country, My Country
My Country, My Country
My Country, My Country is a 2006 documentary film about Iraq under U.S. occupation by the filmmaker Laura Poitras.
# Film.
Laura Poitras spent over eight months working on her own and for some time following a US Army Civil Affairs team during the elections in Iraq filmi... | 6,122,412 |
6866904 | My Country, My Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My%20Country,%20My%20Country | My Country, My Country
film in October 2006.
After completing the film, Poitras claims "Since completing My Country, My Country, I've been placed on the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) watch list" and to have been notified by airport security "that my 'threat rating' was the highest the Department of Homeland ... | 6,122,413 |
6866904 | My Country, My Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My%20Country,%20My%20Country | My Country, My Country
U.S. government over her 40 detentions by US officials.
# See also.
- "Axis of Evil"
- "Baghdad or Bust"
- "Control Room"
- "Kill the Messenger"
- "The Unreturned"
- "War Feels Like War"
- "The Oath"
- "Citizenfour", a 2014 documentary film directed by Laura Poitras about Edward Snowden ... | 6,122,414 |
6866918 | Vyšný Kubín | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vyšný%20Kubín | Vyšný Kubín
Vyšný Kubín
Vyšný Kubín (; ) is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.
# Famous people.
- Margita Figuli, writer born in Vyšný Kubín
- Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, poet born in Vyšný Kubín
# External links.
- Vyšný Kubín village website (in Slovak) | 6,122,415 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
The Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides (FLEG, "Lebanese Federation of Girl Scouts and Girl Guides") () is the national Guiding organization of Lebanon. Guiding was introduced to Lebanon in 1937 and bec... | 6,122,416 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
as an associate member in 1954.
In 1957, a second organization was founded: the interreligious "Association des Eclaireuses du Liban" (AEL) which also sought international recognition. So both organizations joined and formed the "Organisation Nationale des Guides et d... | 6,122,417 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
membership dropped. After the end of the war new groups were founded and membership increased again. The end of the war marked also the beginning of contacts between ONGEL and a number of unrecognized Lebanese Guide associations. Thus led to the formation of the "Fédér... | 6,122,418 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
du Liban – Lebanese Girl Guides Association" (AGDL, Catholic)
- the "Association des Eclaireuses du Liban – Lebanese Girl Scouts Association" (AEL, interreligious)
- the "Association des Eclaireuses du Scout musulman au Liban" (Girl Scouts of the Muslim Scout Associa... | 6,122,419 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
and ideals.
The Lebanese Guide organizations follow different program schemes that have to be recognized by the federation and by WAGGGS. All five members of the federation cooperate with the corresponding Boy Scout organizations who are all members of the Lebanese Sc... | 6,122,420 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
des Eclaireuses du Liban.
The association is divided in three branches:
- Zahrat (Brownies) – ages 8 to 11
- Eclaireuses (Girl Scouts) – ages 12 to 14
- Caravelles – ages 15 to 17.
This association emphasizes on youth leadership; most leaders are between 17 and 22... | 6,122,421 |
6866917 | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fédération%20Libanaise%20des%20Eclaireuses%20et%20des%20Guides | Fédération Libanaise des Eclaireuses et des Guides
orate the Cedar of Lebanon, the national symbol.
# See also.
- Lebanese Scouting Federation
# Further reading.
- World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, World Bureau (1997), "Trefoil Round the World". Seventh Edition 1979.
- World Association of Girl Gui... | 6,122,422 |
6866931 | Lachlan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lachlan | Lachlan
Lachlan
Lachlan may refer to:
# People.
- Lachlan (name), masculine given name.
# Places.
- Several places in New South Wales, Australia, named for Lachlan Macquarie. For a more complete list, see Places named after Macquarie
- Electoral district of Lachlan, an electoral district of the Legislative Assemb... | 6,122,423 |
6866931 | Lachlan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lachlan | Lachlan
hlan River, a river in central New South Wales, Australia
- Lachlan Shire, a local government area in the central west of New South Wales, Australia
- Lachlan Valley Railway, a rail preservation society based at Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
- Lachlan Valley Way, a state highway in New South Wales, Austr... | 6,122,424 |
6866938 | Jasenová | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jasenová | Jasenová
Jasenová
Jasenová () is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Zilina Region of northern Slovakia.
It has population of 401 people.
Its name comes from the Slovak word Jaseň, which is a kind of tree often found in the area. There is a church built in 1836 and an old elementary school from... | 6,122,425 |
6866938 | Jasenová | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jasenová | Jasenová
1 people.
Its name comes from the Slovak word Jaseň, which is a kind of tree often found in the area. There is a church built in 1836 and an old elementary school from the 19th century. A hill named Choč (altitude 1611 m) can be seen from the village.
# Famous people.
- Martin Kukučín, writer
# See also.
... | 6,122,426 |
6866923 | Charles-Ignace Gill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles-Ignace%20Gill | Charles-Ignace Gill
Charles-Ignace Gill
Charles-Ignace Gill (March 12, 1844 – September 16, 1901) was a Quebec lawyer and political figure. He represented Yamaska in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1871 to 1874 and in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1874 to 1879.
He was born in Sa... | 6,122,427 |
6866923 | Charles-Ignace Gill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles-Ignace%20Gill | Charles-Ignace Gill
9.
He was born in Saint-François-du-Lac, Lower Canada in 1844, the son of Ignace Gill and studied at the Collège de Nicolet and the Université Laval. He articled in law with Ulric-Joseph Tessier, was admitted to the bar in 1867 and set up practice at Sorel. In 1870, he married Marie-Rosalie-Delphin... | 6,122,428 |
6866927 | Istebné | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istebné | Istebné
Istebné
Istebné is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Zilina Region of northern Slovakia.
# See also.
- List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
# Genealogical resources.
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bytca, Slovakia"
... | 6,122,429 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
Jeremy Hoad
Jeremy Hoad is an author, journalist and administrator best known as co-author of the BBC Doctor Who novel, "The Blue Angel" (with partner, Paul Magrs).
# Writing.
The Blue Angel has been adapted to script form by Piers Britton and was used as the basis of a course at the University of Redlan... | 6,122,430 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
Supplement" and "The Independent" newspapers and the British Council among others. Hoad is currently working on a biography of television presenter Lorne Spicer.
# Education work.
Hoad has built a career managing representative organisations within the education sector most recently as chief executive off... | 6,122,431 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
In his time at BERA Hoad worked to create a new global organisation for education research (World Educational Research Association) and jointly led a Framework 7 European project (EERQI) as well as advising on the good governance and management of BERA as a national charity including the recruiting new staf... | 6,122,432 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
Postgraduate Resource Folder with Ewan Gillon as an evolving resource for postgraduate students, students' unions and others interested in the support and management of graduate education. The Folder provides detailed information on postgraduate choices including funding, types of degrees and reasons why pe... | 6,122,433 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
such as the Harris and Dearing Reviews. A comprehensive listing of publications that may be of use to postgraduates is also provided.
As Executive Officer of the Association of Heads of University Administration (2001–2005) his knowledge and experience of the higher education sector in the UK is wide-rangi... | 6,122,434 |
6866922 | Jeremy Hoad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy%20Hoad | Jeremy Hoad
nistration (typically known as University Registrars and Secretaries) across the UK.
His move into education management followed a period of academic training and research in the social sciences and human geography having studied at the University of Oxford, University of Newcastle upon Tyne and the Univer... | 6,122,435 |
6866945 | Kraľovany | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kraľovany | Kraľovany
Kraľovany
Kraľovany is a village and municipality in Dolný Kubín District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. It lies at the confluence of the Orava and Váh rivers. | 6,122,436 |
6867001 | Allotype | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allotype | Allotype
Allotype
Allotype can refer to:
- In zoological nomenclature, a designated paratype that is a specimen of the opposite sex to the holotype
- In biology, a variant protein sequence that is genetically determined, particularly:
- in immunology, an immunoglobulin allotype
# See also.
- Type (biology)
- Lec... | 6,122,437 |
6867011 | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey%20Smith%20(radio%20presenter) | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter)
Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter)
Geoffrey Smith (born 1943, Michigan) is a British-based American radio presenter, author and former jazz percussionist. Smith was the regular presenter of BBC Radio 3's "Jazz Record Requests" for over twenty years and has also presented other programmes... | 6,122,438 |
6867011 | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey%20Smith%20(radio%20presenter) | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter)
He remains a regular contributor to "Country Life" and "The Economist", for whom he writes on music and other cultural subjects.
His first book, published in 1983, was a survey of the Savoy Opera. His biography of Stéphane Grappelli followed in 1987. In 1988 he adapted the Grappelli bo... | 6,122,439 |
6867011 | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey%20Smith%20(radio%20presenter) | Geoffrey Smith (radio presenter)
tural subjects.
His first book, published in 1983, was a survey of the Savoy Opera. His biography of Stéphane Grappelli followed in 1987. In 1988 he adapted the Grappelli book into a series for BBC Radio 3, the first of his many broadcasts for the network. In 1991, on the death of Pete... | 6,122,440 |
6867027 | BisRock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BisRock | BisRock
BisRock
BisRock is a subgenre of Pinoy rock, propagated by the Cebu rock music industry in the Philippines. The term, which is in the blended form, comes from the Cebuano words "Bisaya", referring the Visayan languages, and "rock", for rock music. The term was coined by Cebuano writer Januar E. Yap in 2002 and... | 6,122,441 |
6867027 | BisRock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BisRock | BisRock
of patriotism for the Cebuano music scene. However, this genre is debatable as Bisrock seems to be popular only in Cebu. As it is, the movement died down around 2009, as even Missing Filemon themselves distanced itself from the term "Bisrock".
# Notable BisRock bands.
Cebuano rock bands popularizing songs wri... | 6,122,442 |
6867027 | BisRock | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BisRock | BisRock
ssing Filemon themselves distanced itself from the term "Bisrock".
# Notable BisRock bands.
Cebuano rock bands popularizing songs written in the Cebuano language include:
- Abscond
- Agipo
- Assembly Language
- Enchi
- Fervent
- Indephums
- Junior Kilat
- Kabobo
- Kanteen
- Kazoku
- Makadawa
- Man... | 6,122,443 |
6866975 | Cazenovia Seminary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cazenovia%20Seminary | Cazenovia Seminary
Cazenovia Seminary
Cazenovia Seminary was an academic (not exclusively theological) seminary (like an early high school) of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It was located in Cazenovia, New York, United States. It was founded in 1825, at the instigation of George Peck and several other prominent cler... | 6,122,444 |
6866975 | Cazenovia Seminary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cazenovia%20Seminary | Cazenovia Seminary
by the Methodist Episcopal Church.
The seminary underwent a number of reorganizations over the years and is now a co-educational four year institution called Cazenovia College.
# Notable alumni.
- Wallace B. Douglas - Minnesota lawyer, judge, and state representative
- L. Fidelia Woolley Gillette... | 6,122,445 |
6866975 | Cazenovia Seminary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cazenovia%20Seminary | Cazenovia Seminary
n Canada
- Joseph B. Hamilton - Wisconsin lawyer, judge, and state senator
- Lewis Hartsough - Methodist minister and gospel song writer/composer
- Joseph E. Irish - Wisconsin clergyman and state senator
- William C. McDonald (governor) - United States Governor for New Mexico.
- John Philip Newm... | 6,122,446 |
6867049 | Thomas Hughes Corry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Hughes%20Corry | Thomas Hughes Corry
Thomas Hughes Corry
Thomas Hughes Corry (19 December 1859 – 9 August 1883) was a British botanist. He drowned at the age of 23 but was credited as a co-author of "Flora of the North East of Ireland" with S.A.Stewart.
# Life.
T. H. Corry was born in Belfast 19 December 1859. He studied botany at C... | 6,122,447 |
6867049 | Thomas Hughes Corry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Hughes%20Corry | Thomas Hughes Corry
lora of the North East of Ireland" with S.A.Stewart.
# Life.
T. H. Corry was born in Belfast 19 December 1859. He studied botany at Cambridge and became Assistant to Cardale Babington. In 1877, as an undergraduate, he joined S.A. Stewart in the preparation of "Flora of the North-east of Ireland." ... | 6,122,448 |
6867053 | Orthocladiinae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orthocladiinae | Orthocladiinae
Orthocladiinae
Orthocladiinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae). For lack of a better common name, they are simply referred to as orthoclads.
# Genera.
- "Aagaardia"
- "Abiskomyia"
- "Acamptocladius"
- "Acricotopus"
- "Antillocladius"
- "Apometriocnemus"
- "A... | 6,122,449 |
6867053 | Orthocladiinae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orthocladiinae | Orthocladiinae
"Euryhapsis"
- "Georthocladius"
- "Gravatamberus"
- "Gymnometriocnemus"
- "Gynocladius"
- "Halocladius"
- "Hanocladius"
- "Heleniella"
- "Heterotanytarsus"
- "Heterotrissocladius"
- "Hydrobaenus"
- "Ichthyocladius"
- "Irisobrillia"
- "Krenosmittia"
- "Labrundinia"
- "Lerheimia"
- "Limnoph... | 6,122,450 |
6867053 | Orthocladiinae | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orthocladiinae | Orthocladiinae
icotopus"
- "Parakiefferiella"
- "Paralauterborniella"
- "Paralimnophyes"
- "Parametriocnemus"
- "Paraphaenocladius"
- "Parasmittia"
- "Paratrichocladius"
- "Paratrissocladius"
- "Parorthocladius"
- "Platysmittia"
- "Plhudsonia"
- "Psectrocladius"
- "Pseudokiefferiella"
- "Pseudorthocladius... | 6,122,451 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Religion in Indonesia
Indonesia is officially a republic with a compromise made between the ideas of an Islamic state and a secular state. Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population and the first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation Pancasila requires its citizens to "believ... | 6,122,452 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
country with overwhelming Muslim majorities.
A number of different religions are practised in the country, and their collective influence on the country's political, economic and cultural life is significant. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion. However, the government reco... | 6,122,453 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
on Religion and Peace (ICRP), there are about 245 unofficial religions in Indonesia.
Indonesian law requires that every citizen hold an identity card that identifies that person with one of these six religions, but citizens are able to leave that section blank. Indonesia does not recognise agnost... | 6,122,454 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
relations between groups, both positively and negatively, promoting mutual respect by affirming Pancasila but also promoting a Transmigration Program, which has caused a number of conflicts in the eastern region of the country.
# History.
Historically, immigration from India, China, Portugal, Ar... | 6,122,455 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Hinduism and Buddhism. These religions were brought to Indonesia around the 2nd and 4th centuries, respectively, when Indian traders arrived on the islands of Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi, bringing their religion. Hinduism of Shaivite traditions started to develop in Java in the fifth century AD. Th... | 6,122,456 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
civilisation was the Majapahit Empire in the fourteenth century, described as a golden age in Indonesian history.
Islam was introduced to Indonesia in the 13th century. Coming from Gujarat, India (some scholars propose also the Arabian and Persian theories), Islam spread through the west coast of... | 6,122,457 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
and to what was to become East Timor.
Protestantism was first introduced by the Dutch in the 16th century with Calvinist and Lutheran influences. For the Dutch, economic benefit rather than religious conversion were paramount and missionary efforts avoided predominantly Muslim areas such as Java.... | 6,122,458 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
missionaries arrived among the Torajans on Sulawesi. Parts of Sumatra were also targeted, most notably the Batak people, who are predominantly Protestant today.
Sukarno's Old Order period (till 1966) was the distruct between religion and the state. Significant changes in religion aspect also happ... | 6,122,459 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
citizen was required to carry personal identification cards indicating their religion. The policy resulted in a mass religion conversions, topped by conversions to Protestantism and Catholicism (Christianity). The same situation happened with Indonesians with Chinese ethnicity, who mostly were Con... | 6,122,460 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Marco Polo is credited with the earliest known record of a Muslim community around 1297 AD, whom he referred to as a new community of Moorish traders in Perlak, Aceh. Over the 15th and 16th century, the spread of the religion accelerated via the missionary work of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (also known... | 6,122,461 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Java, and southern Kalimantan. The sultants declared Islam as state religion and pursued war against each other as well as the Hindus and other non-Muslim infidels.
Subsequently, Hindu, Buddhist, Confucian, animist communities and unbelievers bought peace by agreeing to pay jizya tax to a Muslim ... | 6,122,462 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
moved to Bali and neighbouring small islands. While this period of religious conflict and inter-Sultanate warfare was unfolding, and new power centers were attempting to consolidate regions under their control, European powers arrived. The archipelago was soon dominated by the Dutch empire, who he... | 6,122,463 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
in Indonesia are Traditionalism (for instance, organization Nahdlatul Ulama) and Modernism (Muhammadiyah etc.). There are very important the orders of Sufism.
With regard to the political expansion of Islam, after the resignation of Suharto, political parties were again permitted to declare an id... | 6,122,464 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Justice Party coming in 4th with nearly 8% of total votes.
### Shia Islam.
Shiism played an important role in the early period of the spread of Islam in North Sumatra and Java. Nowadays, there are approximately 1—3 million Shias-Twelvers at Sumatra, Java, Madura and Sulawesi islands, and also Sh... | 6,122,465 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Community, Rahmat Ali, stepped on Sumatra, and established the movement with 13 devotees in Tapaktuan, in the province of Aceh. The Community has had an influential history in Indonesia's religious development, yet in modern times it has faced increasing intolerance from religious establishments i... | 6,122,466 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
a separatist group, Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, known as "Gerakan Ahmadiyah-Lahore Indonesia" (GAI) in Indonesia, exists at Java since 1924 and had only 708 members in the 1980s.
## Christianity.
The Government of Indonesia officially recognises the two main Christian... | 6,122,467 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
during the 19th century. The Dutch East India Company regulated the missionary work so it could serve its own interests and restricted it to the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago. Although these two branches are the most common, a multitude of other denominations can be found elsewhere in... | 6,122,468 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
population is Protestant. The Batak from North Sumatra is also one of the major Protestant groups in Indonesia, comprises around 65% out of all ethnic population. Christianity was brought by German Lutheran missionary Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen who is known as apostle to the Batak people and started ... | 6,122,469 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
belong to a distinct denomination, such as Adventist, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, Lutheran, Presbyterian or Salvation Army ("Bala Keselamatan") depending on the success of missionary activity.
Indonesia has 3 Protestant-majority provinces, which are West Papua, Papua and North ... | 6,122,470 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Islam. The practitioners mostly live in North Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, North Maluku, Maluku (province), West Papua (province), Papua (province).
### Roman Catholicism.
Catholicism arrived in... | 6,122,471 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
era, the number of Roman Catholicism practitioners fell significantly, due to VOC policy to ban the religion. Hostility of the Dutch toward Catholicism is due to its history where the Protestant Dutch gained their independence after the Eighty Years War against Catholic Spain's rule. The most sign... | 6,122,472 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
of Catholicism in the Netherlands starting around 1800, Dutch Catholic clergy predominated until after Indonesia's independence.
Other than Flores, Central Java also have significant numbers of Catholics. Catholicism started to spread in Central Java when Frans van Lith, a priest from The Netherl... | 6,122,473 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
are Catholics, near half the number of Protestants at 7%. The practitioners mostly live in West Kalimantan, Papua (province) and East Nusa Tenggara. The province of East Nusa Tenggara where the island of Flores and West Timor located is notable as the only province in Indonesia where Catholics are... | 6,122,474 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
of the Rosary, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Larantuka, Flores.
## Hinduism.
Hindu culture and religion arrived in Indonesia around the 2nd century AD, which later produced a number of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms such as Kutai, Medang, and Majapahit. The largest Hindu temple in Indonesia Prambanan b... | 6,122,475 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
native Austronesian elements that revered hyangs, deities and spirits of nature and deceased ancestors. The Hindu religious epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, are expressed in uniquely Indonesian wayang puppetry and dance. All practitioners of Agama Hindu Dharma share many common beliefs, mo... | 6,122,476 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
official number of Hindu practitioners was 4 million (1.7% of Indonesians), this number is disputed by the representative of Hinduism in Indonesia and may be 10 million giving Indonesia the fourth largest number of Hindus in the world. the Parisada Hindu Dharma. Of this number, the absolute majori... | 6,122,477 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Tamil Indonesians in Medan represents another important concentration of Hindus.
There are indigenous religions those are incorporated into the Hinduism (not all followers agree): Hindu Kaharingan of Dayak people; Javanese Hinduism of Tenggerese tribe; Hindu Tolotang of Bugis; and Aluk Todolo of ... | 6,122,478 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
is the second oldest religion in Indonesia, arriving around the sixth century. The history of Buddhism in Indonesia is closely related to the history of Hinduism, as a number of empires based on Buddhist culture were established around the same period. Indonesian archipelago has witnessed the rise... | 6,122,479 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
empire also served as a Buddhist learning centre in the region. A number of historical heritage monuments can be found in Indonesia, including the Borobudur Temple in Yogyakarta and statues or "prasasti" (inscriptions) from the earlier history of Buddhist empires.
Following the downfall of Presid... | 6,122,480 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
and the shape of the Borobudur Temple.
According to the 2010 national census, roughly 0,7% of the total citizens of Indonesia are Buddhists, which takes up about 2 million people. Most Buddhists are concentrated in Jakarta, although other provinces such as Riau, North Sumatra and West Kalimantan ... | 6,122,481 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Buddhists are all major Buddhist schools: Mahayana, Vajrayana, and Theravada. Most Chinese Indonesians follow a syncretic flow with Chinese beliefs, such as Three teachings (Tridharma) and also Yiguandao (Maytreya).
## Confucianism.
Confucianism originated in China and was brought to Indonesia b... | 6,122,482 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
(THHK) in Batavia (now Jakarta).
After the independence of Indonesia in 1945, Confucianism in Indonesia was affected by several political conflicts. In 1965, Sukarno issued Presidential Decree No. 1/Pn.Ps/1965, recognising that six religions are embraced by the Indonesian people, including Confuc... | 6,122,483 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
which had allegedly been backed by China. In 1967, Suharto issued controversial Presidential Instruction No. 14/1967, which effectively banned Chinese culture, including documents printed in Chinese, expressions of Chinese belief, Chinese celebrations and festivities, and even Chinese names. Howev... | 6,122,484 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
January 1979, a presidential cabinet meeting decided that Confucianism is not a religion. Another Minister of Home Affairs directive in 1990 re-iterated the total of five official religions in Indonesia.
Therefore, the status of Confucianism in Indonesia in the New Order regime was never clear. D... | 6,122,485 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
card. Civics education in Indonesia taught school children that there are only five official religions.
Following the fall of Suharto in 1998, Abdurrahman Wahid was elected as the country's fourth president. Wahid rescinded Presidential Instruction No. 14/1967 and the 1978 Minister of Home Affair... | 6,122,486 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
religious affiliations on the national identity card, a restriction that they have programmed into their computer databases.
# Indigenous religions.
A number of ancestral animistic indigenous religions (Austronesian ethnic beliefs) which dominated throughout the archipelago before entering forei... | 6,122,487 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Indonesia often views indigenous beliefs as "adat" (custom) rather that "agama" (religion) or as a variant of a recognised religion. Because the government did not recognise animism indigenous tribal belief systems as official religion, as a result followers of various native animistic religions s... | 6,122,488 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Hinduism dominated by Balinese. In many cases, some of the followers of these native beliefs might convert to Christianity or Islam, at least registered as such on their Indonesian identity card (KTP), but still uphold and perform their native beliefs.
However, the branches of beliefs () (native ... | 6,122,489 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Kejawèn (Javanese beliefs).
"Kejawèn" (Javanese beliefs) or "Kebatinan" is an amalgam of animism, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic — especially Sufi — beliefs. The beliefs is rooted in Javanese history and spiritualism with the tendency to syncretise aspects of different religions in search of the com... | 6,122,490 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
important wali (Muslim saints). Illness and other misfortunes are traced to such spirits, and if sacrifices or pilgrimages fail to placate angry deities, the advice of a "dukun" or healer is sought. "Kejawèn", while it connotes a turning away from the militant universalism of orthodox Islam, moves... | 6,122,491 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
supreme being. As the result there is an inclusiveness that the "kebatinan" believer could identify themselves with one of six officially recognised religions, at least in their identity card, while still subscribe to their "kebatinan" belief and way of life. This loosely organised current of thou... | 6,122,492 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
that began in Indonesia in the 1920s as a movement related to Sufism and Javanese beliefs founded by Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo. (The name Subud was first used in the late 1940s when Subud was legally registered in Indonesia.) The basis of Subud is a spiritual exercise commonly referred to as ... | 6,122,493 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
that humanity is looking for. There are now Subud groups in about 83 countries, with a worldwide membership of about 10.000.
## Saminism.
Indonesian social-religious Saminism Movement rejected the capitalist views of the colonial Dutch, was founded by Surontiko Samin in north-central Java in the... | 6,122,494 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Many self-styled dukun in Indonesia are simply scammers and criminals, preying on gullible and superstitious people who were raised to believe in the supernatural.
# Other religions, beliefs, and atheism.
## Judaism.
The early Sephardi Jews establishment in the archipelago came from Portugal an... | 6,122,495 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
and the War of Independence, when Eurasians were targeted. In 1957, it was reported around 450 Jews remained, mainly Ashkenazim in Jakarta and Sephardim in Surabaya. The community decreased to 50 in 1963. In 1997, there were only 20 Jews, some of them in Jakarta and a few Baghdadi families in Sura... | 6,122,496 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
real estate deal.
Since 2003, "Shaar Hashamayim" synagogue has been serving the local Jewish community of some 20 people in Tondano city, North Sulawesi, which is attended by around 10 Orthodox Jews (Hasidic Chabad group). Currently it is the only synagogue in Indonesia that provides services.
T... | 6,122,497 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
in the Bahá'í Faith in Indonesia had 22,115 adherents in 2005.
Indonesia's Bahais are subject to a measure of government discrimination. Since 2014, the situation has improved in the plans of the government for the possible recognition of this new religion (there is an erroneous opinion on alread... | 6,122,498 |
6866348 | Religion in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion%20in%20Indonesia | Religion in Indonesia
Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB).
Numbering about 7.000 (or between 10.000 and 15.000), Sikhs are not included in the six religions recognized in the state, that's why filling in the religion column on their card KTP with the word “Hindu”.
## Jainism.
A small Jain community “Jain Social Group In... | 6,122,499 |
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