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7541947 | Starigrad, Zadar County | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Starigrad,%20Zadar%20County | Starigrad, Zadar County
.
Argyruntum was on a , now silted, island in the area east of the port. Emperor Tiberius erected protective walls and towers. Findings from about four hundred tombs are an evidence of great prosperity and trade relations in the Mediterranean. The oldest relic in the vicinity of Starigrad is the St. George Chapel in Rovanjska and St. Peter's Chapel in Starigrad from the ninth or tenth century. Mediaeval traces are the castles "Večka kula" ("old names were: Vega, Vegium (not to be confused with Vegium (Karlobag).) and Wezuliae"), which was the mediaeval Harbormasters' office, on a peninsula east of Starigrad and the "Paklarić" on the prehistoric ruins of the entrance to the Velika Paklenica. | 6,124,100 |
7541952 | Sveti Filip i Jakov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sveti%20Filip%20i%20Jakov | Sveti Filip i Jakov
Sveti Filip i Jakov
Sveti Filip i Jakov () is a municipality in Croatia in Zadar County. It has a total population of 4,606, in the following settlements:
- Donje Raštane, population 499
- Gornje Raštane, population 456
- Sikovo, population 374
- Sveti Filip i Jakov, population 1667
- Sveti Petar na Moru, population 403
- Turanj, population 1207
At the time of the 2011 census, 98% of the inhabitants were Croats.
The municipality's Church of Saint Roch () is classified by the Croatian government as a tourist locality.
# External links.
- Official Website | 6,124,101 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Sukhoi Su-30MKK
The Sukhoi Su-30MKK (NATO reporting name: Flanker-G) is a modification of the Sukhoi Su-30, incorporating advanced technology from the Sukhoi Su-35 variant. The Su-30MKK was developed by Sukhoi in 1997, as a result of a direct Request for tender between the Russian Federation and China. It is a heavy class, all-weather, long-range strike fighter, and like the Sukhoi Su-30, comparable to the American McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle. Su-30MK2 is a further improvement to Su-30MKK with upgraded avionics and maritime strike capabilities. The MKK and MK2 are currently operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force, Indonesian Air Force, Vietnam People's Air Force, Venezuelan | 6,124,102 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Air Force and the Ugandan Air Force.
# Development.
The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) leadership became concerned by the United States Air Force's (USAF) expanding defended-airspace-penetration and precision-strike capability during the 1990s. As defensive orientated tactics were dropped and a more aggressive stance was adopted, the requirement for a heavy fighter with a large combat radius and a precision-guided munition employment capability was placed upon the political leadership of the People's Republic of China.
During a visit to the Russian Federation at the end of 1996, Chinese Premier Li Peng signed an agreement worth US$1.8 billion to purchase 38 advanced Multirole | 6,124,103 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
combat aircraft. Technical negotiations started right away.
Sukhoi saw enormous potential to meet China's requirement with its Su-30MK, while incorporating technology from the Su-27M, to develop a new fighter that preserved the type's iconic tall and thick Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer fins as fuel tanks for longer range. The type was to be designated as Su-30MKK ("Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Kitayski" – Modernised Commercial for China).
Final details of the agreement were settled during the Zhuhai Air Show in 1998. The official agreement was signed in Russia by the Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji in March 1999. That same month, a "Bort 501 Blue" prototype made its first flight at the Zhukovsky | 6,124,104 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Air Base.
In November 2000, "Bort 502 Blue" attended the Zhuhai Air Show and a month later the first batch of ten Su-30MKK was delivered. A second batch of 10 were delivered on 21 August 2001, with the third batch of 18 following in December.
In July 2001, Chinese President Jiang Zemin and his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, signed a deal for a further 38 aircraft.
In the year 2002, the two countries were negotiating on the purchase of the Su-30MK2 for the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF). The variant had a revised weapon control system for the Kh-31A air-to-surface missile. A contract for 24 aircraft to be built by KnAAPO was signed in early 2003. All were delivered | 6,124,105 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
in 2004.
# Design.
Su-30MKK shares compatibility with Su-35 in terms of hardware, but in terms of software, Su-30MKK differs from Su-35 (Flanker-E) on a much greater scale in comparison to Indian Su-30MKI because of different mission requirements by China. The Flanker family aircraft has the problem of the reduction of maximum g-force level being decreased to 7g from the 9g at speed between Mach 0.7 to Mach 0.9, and this problem was completely solved on Su-30MKK by adopting new measures. According to the Sukhoi Design Bureau, Su-30MKK is the first of the Flanker family to achieve it after Su-35 / 37 (Flanker-E/F) and Sukhoi Su-30MKI. Higher percentage of composite material is used for Su-30MKK | 6,124,106 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
in comparison to the original Su-30MK. In addition, new aluminum alloy were used to replace the old type used on Su-30MK for weight reduction. The twin rudders mainly made of carbon fiber composite material were larger on Su-30MKK in comparison to that of the original Su-30MK, but contrary to what was once erroneously claimed by some western sources, Sukhoi Design Bureau revealed later that the increased space in the rudders were used for additional fuel tanks, instead of larger communication UHF antenna. The capacity of the fuel tanks in the wings is also increased. A twin nose landing gear of size 620 mm x 180 mm has replaced the single nose landing gear of size 680 mm x 260 mm used on Su-30MK | 6,124,107 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
to accommodate the increased weight. The maximum take-off weight and weapon load are increased to 38 tons and 12 tons respectively, but this extreme limit is often avoided by taking off at lighter weight. It was rumored that the Chinese pilots were not as experienced as Russian test pilots when operating at this extreme limits, which contributed to the crashes at least partially. The original K-36 ejection seat on Su-30MK is replaced by K-36M ejection seat for Su-30MKK.
## Fuel capacity.
In addition to the newly added fuel tanks in the rudders capacity totaling 280 kg, there are four main fuel tanks. No. 1 tank with capacity totaling 3,150 kg is in the front, No. 2 tank with capacity totaling | 6,124,108 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
4,150 kg is in the middle, No. 3 tank with capacity totaling 1,053 kg is in the rear, and No. 4 tank with capacity totaling 1,552 kg is located in the wings. During aerial refueling, the maximum capacity of Su-30MKK is receiving up to 2,300 liters per minute. The altitude of refueling is limited to 2 km to 6 km, and the speed is limited to 450–550 km/h. Aerial refueling probe is located in front of cockpit on the left, and the design is capable of night refueling.
## Engine.
The main power plants are two AL-31F engines that provide great maneuverability and thrust. Range can be extended with the aerial refueling probe. Domestic Chinese resources have claimed that the Chinese engine WS-10 with | 6,124,109 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
higher mean time between overhaul can also be used, but this is yet to be confirmed by the official sources and sources outside China. The average Mean time between failures of AL-31F is only slightly above 500 hours, significantly lower than its western counterparts, the same problem reportedly encountered by Indian Air Force for its Su-30MKI fleet.
## Avionics.
According to Sukhoi Design Bureau, many of the new avionics and upgrades of current avionics were specially developed to meet the Chinese requirement, and subsequently used on other members of the Flanker family, including the more advanced versions that appeared later, and this was mainly due to the fact that the funding for Su-30MKK | 6,124,110 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
was readily available in comparison to others. The primary contractors / system integrator for Su-30MKK avionics was RPKB Instrumentation Design Bureau headquartered at Ramenskoye, and many new measures were adopted to meet the Chinese requirement, such as the open architecture software design. The development of avionics for the Su-30MKK was also assisted by 12 Ukrainian factories, based in Kiev.
### Communications.
The encrypted VHF/UHF communication radio of Su-30MKK has a maximum range in excess of 400 km, while the encrypted HF communication radio of Su-30MKK has a maximum range in excess of 1,500 km, and all can be used for both air-to-air or air-to-ground two-way communications. Su-30MKK | 6,124,111 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
is the first of Flanker family to be equipped with TKS-2 C3 system, which is capable of simultaneously commanding and controlling up to 15 aircraft with such system, and the air-to-air missiles launched by these aircraft. According to the developer of the system, Russkaya Avionika JSC, the encrypted two-way communication Command, control, and communications system can be either commanded or controlled by ground stations, or act as the command/control center for other aircraft. The system is claimed by the Russian developer as a huge leap forward in comparison to the similar rudimentary system on Su-27, which is only capable of one way communication. The new system is also the first among Russian | 6,124,112 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
system that is capable of forming a local area network like similar system on American Grumman F-14 Tomcat.
### Electronic warfare systems.
Russian sources have claimed that the electronic warfare systems of Su-30MKK utilizes the latest technologies available in Russia and the radar warning receivers are so effective that the information provided by RWR alone would be enough to provide targeting information for Kh-31P anti-radiation missile without using other detection systems on board, though information can also be provided by L-150 ELINT system, which can be used in conjunction with Kh-31P. The maximum range of the RWR is termed at several hundred kilometers, and based on the 200 km maximum | 6,124,113 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
range of the Kh-31P anti-radiation missile, the maximum should be at least that much. The threat information obtained from RWRs can be either provided on the LCD MFDs (showing the most dangerous four targets) for the pilot in the manual mode, or be used automatically. The active jamming pods are mounted on the wing tips, and the APP-50 decoy launcher is mounted near the tail cone with 96 decoys of different kinds. Domestic Chinese electronic warfare systems including BM/KG300G and KZ900 can also be carried after modification of onboard system, but such modification was neither part of the original deal nor the upgrade deal with Russians, instead, this was implemented indigenously by Chinese | 6,124,114 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
themselves during the incremental upgrades.
### Flight control.
The fly by wire (FBW) control with quadruple redundancy designed by Russkaya Avionika is the same system used for the Su-30MKI. Russian sources have confirmed the claims of domestic Chinese sources that an indigenous Chinese system developed is near its completion and it will be used to replace the original Russian system. However, this has yet to be confirmed by western sources and official Chinese governmental sources, which only acknowledged in the 6th Zhuhai Airshow that domestic fly-by-wire (FBW) control with quadruple redundancy is developed to accommodate domestic engines, but nothing was mentioned about whether the domestic | 6,124,115 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
system and engines would be used on future Su-30MKK upgrades.
### Flight instruments.
The Su-30MKK features a glass cockpit of Russkaya Avionika JSC, with each pilot having two large multi-function displays, rear pilot displays arranged in a rather unconventional way: one atop of the other. Two MFI-9 colour LCD MFDs are located in the front seat, a single MFI-9 and a MFI-10 color LCD MFDs are located in the rear seat. The head-up display (HUD) is also developed by Russkaya Avonika JSC, designated as SILS-30.
### Helmet mounted sight.
The original ASP-PVD-21 series helmet mounted sight (HMS) with only limited field of view (FoV) was replaced by more advanced Sura-K HMS system, but Chinese | 6,124,116 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
have been replacing the Russian HMS with more advanced domestic system. Publicized photos and video clips from the official Chinese governmental sources such as CCTV-7 in 2007 and PLA pictorial magazine have confirmed the western claims of Chinese is replacing the original Russian helmet mounted sights (HMS) with more capable domestic ones.
### Mission computer.
The new mission computer was jointly developed by the Russian National Aeronautical System Science Research Academy and Russkaya Avionika JSC, designated as MVK, capable of performing ten billion FLOPS. All avionics on board is built to MIL-STD-1553 standard. There are four computers based on Baguet-55 series processor, one for central | 6,124,117 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
avionics control, two for information display, and one for fire control.
### Navigation.
The integrated navigational systems designated as PNS-10, incorporating the A737 subsystem. The system is capable of utilizing both the GPS and GLONASS, but it is rumored that Chinese is developing a similar system to add the capability to utilize domestic BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.
### Airborne radar.
Airborne radar on board Su-30MKK has been continuously upgraded and a total of three were confirmed so far, all of which are controlled by the RLPK-27VE integrated radar targeting system, developed from the RLPK-27 system of the single seat Su-27. Both systems are designed by Viktor Grishin of | 6,124,118 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP), and is compatible with various radar and weaponry systems.
- N001VEP radar: The first 20 Su-30MKK have an N001VEP Passive electronically scanned array (PESA) fire-control radar by the Chief designer Viktor Grishin of the Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP) with a range up to 100 km, able to concurrently track 10 targets, and engage four air targets or two ground targets of the 10 tracked. The N001VEP is developed from the earlier N001VE radar designed by the same designer, which was used on the Chinese J-11A. The original Baguet series processor of the N001VE radar is replaced by its successor | 6,124,119 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Baguet-55 series. Like its predecessor, the new radar has incorporated the moving target indication (MTI) and mapping capabilities, and the capability to detect low flying or hovering helicopters. The scan sector of it is 120 degrees while the elevation is 110 degrees.
- Zhuk (radar)-MS radar: From the 21st Su-30MKK on, the N001VEP radar is replaced by the Zhuk-MS (Beetle-MS) fire control radar of Tikhomirov (NIIP)'s competitor, Phazotron (NIIR), which also adopts a slotted planar array antenna like N001VEP radar. The new radar has longer range coverage (up to 150 km) and is able to guide a greater variety of weapons systems. The number of targets that can be engaged is identical to that of | 6,124,120 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
the N001VEP radar, but the number that can be simultaneously tracked has been doubled to 20. The Zhuk (Beetle)-MS radar is an improvement of the earlier Zhuk (Beetle) radar designed for Su-27 and MiG-29 upgrades, and in comparison to the original Zhuk radar, the Zhuk-MS has the following improvements in addition to increased range and number of targets tracked/engaged:
- The antenna diameter is increased to 960 mm from the original 680 mm of Zhuk (Beetle) radar
- The peak power is increased to 6 kW from the original 5 kW of Zhuk (Beetle) radar
- The average power is increased to 1.5 kW from the original 1 kW of Zhuk (Beetle) radar
- Contrary to many erroneous claims, Zhuk-MS is not a phased | 6,124,121 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
array radar, but a slotted planar array antenna.
- Zhuk-MSE radar: The Zhuk-MS has been replaced by its successor, Zhuk-MSE in the incremental upgrades of Su-30MKK, and previous Zhuk-MS are being upgraded to the Zhuk-MSE level. In comparison to the predecessor most performance parameters remain the same, but the number of ground targets that can be simultaneously engaged is increased to four from the original two. Like Zhuk-MS, this radar has also been erroneously reported to be a phased array radar when in fact, it utilizes a slotted planar array antenna. The designer Phazotron has claimed the new radar has better ECCM capabilities than earlier models.
At the 6th Zhuhai Airshow held in 2006, | 6,124,122 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Russian designers at a news conference revealed to Chinese journalists that they had been working with the Chinese to develop a passive electronically scanned array radar to upgrade Su-27SK and Su-30MKKs, but stopped short of releasing any additional information. These Russian radar designers were Phazotron employees, not Tikhomirov, the usual radar supplier for the Flanker family. Some domestic Chinese media have claimed the phased array radar is the Zhuk-MSF, but this has yet to be confirmed.
It is also possible that the Chinese may use the same radar used on its newest J-11b's radar which will significantly increase Su-30MKK's performance, because J-11B's radar will increase the Su-30MKK's | 6,124,123 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
radar range up to 350 km, and allow it to engage up to four air-to-air and four ground targets.
### Fire control system.
The fire control system on board integrates the radar, optronics, helmet-mounted sight, electronic warfare gears including radar warning receivers, and data links. The system consists of two subsystems: the SUV-VEP air-to-air subsystem and the SUV-P air-to-ground subsystem.
- SUV-VEP: this air-to-air subsystem is capable of controlling six air-to-air missiles, which is greater than the maximum number of targets the airborne radar on board Su-30MKK can simultaneously engage, thus leaving rooms for radar improvement, which would be later exploited when the new passive electronically | 6,124,124 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
scanned array radars have been installed on Su-30MK2. The SUV-VEP subsystem is also capable of controlling air-to-sea missions, and the fire control of Kh-31A and Kh-35 anti-ship missiles are usually provided by SUV-VEP air-to-air subsystem instead of SUV-P air-to-ground subsystem. The subsystem of SUV-VEP system includes four major portions:
- SEI-31-10 Integrated Display system: Used to control LCD MFDs.
- OEPS-30 optronic (electro-optical) detection system: Chinese call this system optronic radar system, and it consists of two major components:
- OLS-30 (52Sh) Infra-red search and track weighing 200 kg includes laser and IR sensors. In comparison to its predecessor OLS-27 (Izdeliye 36Sh) | 6,124,125 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
on Su-27, the IR detection range nearly doubled to 90 km from the original 50 km. The range of laser range finder is increased to 10 km from the original 6 km.
- Sura-K helmet mounted system (HMS): The field of view (FoV) is greatly increased to +/- 60 degrees in comparison to the +/- 8 degrees of the ASP-PVD-21 HMS originally used on Su-27.
- IFF and airborne radar are also controlled by SUV-VEP system.
- SUV-P: this air-to-ground subsystem utilizes identical hardware of SUV-VEP air-to-air subsystem, but with a different processing requirement. This subsystem is mainly used for air-to-surface missiles such as Kh-59, and acts as an interface between the system on board the aircraft and | 6,124,126 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
the designated targeting pods of the air-to-surface missiles that can not be controlled directly by the onboard avionics. The primary subsystem of SUV-P system is SUO-30PK subsystem and A-737 satellite navigational subsystem.
- SUO-30PK weaponry control subsystem: though Kh-31 is often controlled by SUV-VEP air-to-air system, it can also be controlled via SUV-P system via SUO-30PK subsystem, which can also control L-150 ELINT system. SUO-30PK system also controls other missiles such as Kh-59, an air-to-ground missiles that is controlled via Tekon targeting system in the APK-9E pod. Other SUO-30PK subsystem is developed by Aviation Automation Design bureau at Kursk, and it can be used to control | 6,124,127 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
unguided air-to-ground weaponry.
Both the SUV-VEP and SUV-P systems were adopted to upgrade the single seat Su-27SK in Chinese inventory, and a joint team of Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP) and State Instrumentation Plant at Ryazan was named as the primary contractor. The modified SUV-VEP system adopted to upgrade Chinese Su-27SK was designated as SUV-VE, while the modified SUV-P system adopted to upgrade Chinese Su-27SK was designated as SUV-PE. The original analog dial indicator on flight dashboard of Su-27SK were replaced by two 6 in x 6 in MFI-10-6M and a MFIP-6 LCD MFDs. According to Russian claim, over 60 Chinese Su-27SK have been upgraded by the end | 6,124,128 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
of 2006.
## Su-30MK2.
With its improved avionics, the MK2 was designed for more dedicated use as a maritime strike aircraft, thus these aircraft ordered by China are currently being operated by the Naval Air Force. The MK2 also features a better C4ISTAR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance) abilities than the MKKs.
### Mission computer.
The original MVK mission computer is replaced by its successor MVK-RL, with greater capability.
### Communications.
The TKS-2 C3 system is replaced by the follow-on TSIMSS-1 digital system.
### Flight instruments.
The two MFI-9 colour LCD MFDs in the front cockpit and the MFI-9 | 6,124,129 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
and the MFI-10 color LCD MFDs in the rear cockpit are replaced with four 158 mm x 211 mm MFI-10-5 LCD MFDs. The configuration of the new displays remains the same as that of Su-30MKK.
### Optronics.
One of the important avionic upgrades of Su-30MK2 is the incorporation of several electro-optical (optronics) pods, a capability that is added to earlier Su-30MKK during upgrades. Two types of Russian optronic pods are sold to China for Su-30MK2, but the open architecture and other advanced designs enabled the aircraft to carry domestic optronic pods as well. This capability of Su-30MK2 has been added to the original Su-30MKKs during the incremental upgrades. The Russian optronic pods included:
- | 6,124,130 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Optronic pod "Sapsan-E": Sapsan (peregrine falcon)-E targeting pod developed by the Ural Optical Machinery Plant weighs 250 kg, with length of 3 m and diameter of 0.39 m. Field of view is from +10 degrees to −15 degrees, and the system includes TV camera and laser designators. This system is designed to supplement the OEPS-30MK-E optronic system mounted in the nose of the aircraft.
- M400 reconnaissance pod: M400 reconnaissance pod developed by the Canopy Design Bureau is a large pod mounted between two engines. In comparison to Sapsan-E targeting pod, there is different equipment in the M400 reconnaissance pod: TV/Thermographic cameras, optical camera and Side looking airborne radar. The side-looking | 6,124,131 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
radar has a maximum range in excess of 100 km with resolution of 2 metres, while the maximum range for both IR and TV cameras are in excess of 70 km. The resolution of the TV/IR camera is 0.3 metre and 0.4 metre for the optical camera. The system can also be used to detect the blind spot behind the aircraft to provide targeting information for rearward-firing air-to-air missiles, but this capability has not been utilized by the Chinese yet. The system is also capable of locking on sea targets.
- Domestic Chinese optronics including FILAT and Blue Sky (navigation pod) can also be carried after modification of onboard system. Just like the incorporation of domestic Chinese electronic warfare | 6,124,132 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
pods such as BM/KG300G and KZ900 to Su-30MKK, such modification was neither part of the original deal nor the upgrade deal with Russians, instead, this was implemented indigenously by the Chinese themselves during the incremental upgrades. According to Chinese claims, the domestic upgrade of Su-30MKK/MK2 were much smoother and easier than that of earlier Su-27SK, thanks to the western MIL-STD-1553 standard Russian adopted for Su-30MKK series.
### Airborne radar.
In 2000, China placed an order of passive electronically scanned array radar named Sokol (Falcon), designed by Phazotron, while the radar was still under development, it is reported that China had either partially funded or joined | 6,124,133 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
the development, but this can not be confirmed. All twenty units were delivered in 2004 after the development completed at the end of 2003, and the radars are installed on the Su-30MK2. The maximum range, average and peak power of Sokol radar remain the same as that of Zhuk-MSE radar on Su-30MKK, but the maximum number of targets it can simultaneously track actually decreased by 40%, from the original 20 to 12. However, the number of targets it can simultaneously engage is increased to six from the original four, thus fully utilizing the capability of the SUV-VEP subsystem of the onboard fire control system. The diameter of the antenna array is increased to 980 mm from the 960 mm of Zhuk-MS/MSE. | 6,124,134 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
The scan sector of the radar is 170 degrees and the elevation of the scan is from −40 degrees to +56 degrees. The radar has three receivers and a gain of 37 dB. When used against surface targets like a destroyer, the maximum range is doubled to 300 km, same as that of American AN/APG-68. There is not any confirmation for any follow-on orders of Sokol radar and unlike the capability optronic pod, this radar capability is not known to be added to the earlier Su-30MKKs during the incremental upgrades.
In the early 2000s, Russia had authorized the export of Pero passive electronically scanned array radar designed by Tikhomirov, to China. The Pero antenna can be easily integrated into the existing | 6,124,135 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
N001VEP radar system with no significant modification by simply replacing the original slotted planar array, and thus results in increased performance. The Pero upgrade, lets the radar simultaneously engage 6 aerial targets, or 4 ground targets. The radar with Pero antenna is named as Panda radar. China, however, did not accept the offer when Russia offered the Pero upgrade package because Tikhomirov's competitor Phazotron offered China a brand new phased array radar that supposedly performed better, rumored to be Zhuk-MSF. In addition to the easy of integration, the advantage of Pero passive electronically scanned array equipped Panda radar was its weight. All other radars offered for Su-30MK2 | 6,124,136 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
upgrade increase weight significantly that the center of the gravity of the aircraft is altered, resulting in the need to modify the airframe and redesign the flight control system. Such problems does not exist if Panda radar is adopted because it only increases the weight by a mere 20 kg, which will be compensated by the redesign of SILS-30 HUD to reduce its weight by 20 kg, thus balancing out the weight increase of the radar. This claim of Timkhomirov design bureau is confirmed by both the Sukhoi design bureau and Russkaya Avionika bureau, which claimed to media reporters at 2006 Zhuhai Airshow in China that such modification had already been successfully completed. China, however, had not | 6,124,137 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
made a final decision by the end of 2007, and many Russian and Chinese sources have claimed that domestic Chinese HUDs of Western origin perform better and weigh much less, and China thus planned to adopt their own avionics in the next incremental upgrade, but such claims have yet to be confirmed by western sources and official sources of Chinese and Russian governments.
In response, Tikhomirov subsequently offered China its N-011M Bars passive electronically scanned array radar, the most powerful Russian airborne radar on any of its exported aircraft, but China once again rejected the offer. Many claimed that the reason for the rejection was that Chinese discovered the same problem India had | 6,124,138 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
during the evaluation of the radar: although the N-011M Bars passive electronically scanned array radar offered longer range and better resistance to jamming, it had the problem of accurately and correct identifying targets at long range, while others claims China simply did not want the same system used by India. However, both claims contradict with the official explanation of the Chinese government: the new radar weighs more than 650 kg and caused the center of gravity of the aircraft to alter significantly, thus greatly degraded the aerodynamic performance and weapon payload arrangement of the Su-30MKK, which is far less adaptable to the new heavy radar than Su-30MKI, because the two were | 6,124,139 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
based on two totally different airframes, a fact that is confirmed by "Jane's all the World's Aircraft". If the new radar was to be adopted, canards must be added and flight control software must be also modified for Su-30MKK just to remain the same level of performance as before, and thus, in addition to paying for the more expensive new radars, a huge amount of money must be spent in upgrading the aircraft as well.
## Su-30MK3.
The MK3 was to possibly feature either the Phazotron Zhuk-MSF phased array radar, or a new "Panda" radar developed by Tikhomirov, which is based on Pero passive phased array radar, both were rumored to be under Chinese evaluation. Either radar would significantly | 6,124,140 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
improve the Su-30s air target detection range to 190 km and surface detection range at 300 km. It is uncertain whether the PLAN or PLAAF would order any of these aircraft, despite their significant advantages with their advanced radars. Therefore, if these radars passed Chinese tests, they will likely to be retrofitted to earlier MKK and MK2 and even possibly Shenyang J-11 due to uncertain status of MK3 project.
In January 2007, Russia confirmed that the newest Irbis-E (Snow leopard-E) phased array radar in Russia's inventory, developed by Tikhomirov, was offered to China. However, it is highly unlikely that China will adopt this newest Russian airborne radar because all models of the Su-30 | 6,124,141 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
series can only provide half of the power required for the 5 kW rated radar, and currently, only Sukhoi Su-35 and Sukhoi Su-37 have enough power to support this newest Russian airborne radar. Purchasing Irbis-E phased array radar would lock China into yet another deal with Russia to upgrade its Su-30MKK fleet that would greatly increase the cost, because China currently lacks the ability to do so by itself, or is forced to pay even higher prices to buy the Su-35 or Su-37.
# Operators.
## Current operators.
- People's Liberation Army Air Force had 73 Su-30MKK fighters in service in 2010. 76 were delivered in 2000–2003. Introduced into service with the PLAAF Flight Test & Training Base at Cangzhou | 6,124,142 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
Air Force Base, Hebei Province (19 examples), the 3rd Air Division / 9th Fighter Regiment based at Wuhu Air Base, Anhui Province (19 examples), 18th Air Division at Datuopu Air Base (19 examples), Changsha, Hunan Province and 29th Air Division at Quzhou air base (19 examples). Su-30MKK is the first Chinese fighter jet to fully adapt radar active homing air-to-air missile, it is capable of launching R-77E missile.
- People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force had 24 Su-30MK2s in service in 2010. Delivered in 2004, they were operated by the 4th Division / 10th Fighter Regiment based at Feidong air base, Zhejiang Province.
- Indonesian Air Force had 3 Su-30MK2 in service in 2009. Additional 6 aircraft | 6,124,143 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
have been delivered in 2013.
- Uganda People's Defence Force had 6 Su-30MK2 in service in 2012. Following signing of the contract in May 2012, deliveries were completed within twelve months. Price tag for the six fighters was settled at US$740 million.
- Venezuelan Air Force had 24 Su-30MK2 in service in 2008. One of Venezuela's planes crashed on a drug interdiction mission on September 18, 2015. In October 2015, Venezuela announced the purchase of 12 more Su-30MK2 from Russia for $480 million.
- Vietnam People's Air Force had 36 Su-30MK2 in service in 2016.
# Specifications (Su-30MKK).
- L150 Pastel Radar Warning Receiver
# External links.
- Sukhoi Su-30MK Su-30MKM fighter aircraft(Air | 6,124,144 |
7541645 | Sukhoi Su-30MKK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukhoi%20Su-30MKK | Sukhoi Su-30MKK
ered in 2013.
- Uganda People's Defence Force had 6 Su-30MK2 in service in 2012. Following signing of the contract in May 2012, deliveries were completed within twelve months. Price tag for the six fighters was settled at US$740 million.
- Venezuelan Air Force had 24 Su-30MK2 in service in 2008. One of Venezuela's planes crashed on a drug interdiction mission on September 18, 2015. In October 2015, Venezuela announced the purchase of 12 more Su-30MK2 from Russia for $480 million.
- Vietnam People's Air Force had 36 Su-30MK2 in service in 2016.
# Specifications (Su-30MKK).
- L150 Pastel Radar Warning Receiver
# External links.
- Sukhoi Su-30MK Su-30MKM fighter aircraft(Air recognition) | 6,124,145 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
Deeper Shade of Blue
"Deeper Shade of Blue" is a song by British group Steps, released as the band's ninth single. The song is an uptempo pop song about the darker side of life and an attempt to break free. It was the fifth song to be released from the group's second album "Steptacular". The song was initially recorded by Tina Cousins but, aside from a few promotional 12" records, her version remains unreleased.
The single entered the UK Singles Chart at number four and spent one more week in the top ten before falling down the charts. After a total of nine weeks, the shortest for any Steps single, the song left the top 75.
The first two verses are performed by H and Claire, respectively, | 6,124,146 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
whilst all 5 members perform the middle 8. The chorus features all five voices. In October 2011 following the reformation of the band, they performed the track on Lorraine Kelly and Loose Women. The song was included on Steps's compilation albums (2001), "The Last Dance" (2002), and "The Ultimate Collection" (2011).
On September 1, 2015, Claire Richards premiered a new stripped backed piano recording of the track via her social media pages.
# Composition and reception.
Jon O'Brien wrote for Allmusic and in two different reviews he noted it is a "club potential", and the Sleaze Sisters remix is "realized on a Sash-esque trance remix". O'Brien also commented it is "Italo house-inspired" and | 6,124,147 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
it "fits right in with the current retro-dance revival".
The song was referenced by Dave Benson-Phillips during an episode of Get Your Own Back when band member Ian "H" Watkins was thrown in the Gunk Dunk. After Watkins' shocked reaction to being gunged, Benson-Phillips remarked "As we can see, H has gone a deeper shade of blue" before H splashed him.
# Music video.
The music video has a futuristic style, with the group wearing blue latex uniforms for the dance sequences and each transforming into a darker alter-ego during the video. The alter-egos are to show the darker side of life that the song talks about.
# Track listings.
UK CD-Maxi Enhanced
- 1. Deeper Shade of Blue [Radio Edit] | 6,124,148 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
- 3:45
- 2. Deeper Shade of Blue [W.I.P. Mix] - 6:47
- 3. Deeper Shade of Blue [Sleaze Sisters Anthem Mix] - 7:54
- 4. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Video)
Europe CD-Maxi
- 1. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Kiss W.I.P. Remix) 3:59
- 2. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Radio Edit) 3:45
- 3. Deeper Shade Of Blue (W.I.P. Mix) 6:47
- 4. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Sleaze Sisters Anthem Mix) 7:54
- 5. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Blockbuster Dirt Blue Klub Mix) 6:49
Europe CD-Single
- 1. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Kiss W.I.P. Remix) 3:59
- 2. Deeper Shade Of Blue (Radio Edit) 3:45
Cassette
- 1. Deeper Shade of Blue [Radio Edit] - 3:45
- 2. Deeper Shade of Blue [W.I.P. Mix] - 6:47
# Remixes.
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Sleazesisters | 6,124,149 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
Anthem Edit) - featured on "The Last Dance" CD.
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Sleazesisters Anthem Mix)
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Blockbuster Dirty Blue Klub Mix) - appears on European Single
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Blockbuster Dirty Blue Dub Mix)
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Kiss W.I.P. Remix) - appears on European single
# Credits and personnel.
Recording
- Recorded at PWL Studios, Manchester in 1999
- Mixed at PWL Studios, Manchester
- Mastered at Transfermation Studios, London
Vocals
- Lead vocals – Ian "H" Watkins, Claire Richards
- Background vocals – Faye Tozer, Lisa Scott-Lee, Lee Latchford-Evans
Personnel
- Songwriting – Mark Topham, Karl Twigg
- Production – Mark Topham, Karl Twigg, | 6,124,150 |
7541930 | Deeper Shade of Blue | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeper%20Shade%20of%20Blue | Deeper Shade of Blue
ix)
- Deeper Shade Of Blue (Kiss W.I.P. Remix) - appears on European single
# Credits and personnel.
Recording
- Recorded at PWL Studios, Manchester in 1999
- Mixed at PWL Studios, Manchester
- Mastered at Transfermation Studios, London
Vocals
- Lead vocals – Ian "H" Watkins, Claire Richards
- Background vocals – Faye Tozer, Lisa Scott-Lee, Lee Latchford-Evans
Personnel
- Songwriting – Mark Topham, Karl Twigg
- Production – Mark Topham, Karl Twigg, Pete Waterman
- Mixing – Tim Speight
- Engineer – Chris McDonnell, Tim Speight
- Drums – Chris McDonnell
- Keyboards – Karl Twigg
- Guitar – Mark Topham
- Bass – Mark Topham
Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Steptacular". | 6,124,151 |
7541961 | Publix (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Publix%20(disambiguation) | Publix (disambiguation)
Publix (disambiguation)
Publix may refer to:
- Publix, a supermarket chain based in Lakeland, Florida
- , the name of the movie theater chain once owned by Paramount Pictures
- Publix Theatre, former theatre building in Boston, Massachusetts
# See also.
- Publics | 6,124,152 |
7541955 | Ibn Battah | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn%20Battah | Ibn Battah
Ibn Battah
Abu Abdullah `Ubaidullah bin Muhammad bin Battah al-`Ukbari al-Hanbali, known as Ibn Battah was a Hanbali theologian and jurisconsult born at 'Ukbara
in 304/917. He learned from a number of Hanbali scholars of his time and also personally knew al-Barbahari.
Ibn Batta was severely attacked by Khatib al-Baghdadi, a former Hanbali though he was defended by Ibn al-Jawzi who was much influenced by him.
# Books.
- Al-Ibaanah (Al-Kubra/Al-Sugra); Kitab al-sharh wa al-ibanah ala usul al-sunnah wa al-dinayah. in Henry Laoust, La Profession de foi d'Ibn Batta. Damascus: Institut Francais de Damas, 1958.
- Al-Sunna
- Al-Manasik
- Tahrim an-Namina
# See also.
- Hanbali Scholars
# External | 6,124,153 |
7541955 | Ibn Battah | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn%20Battah | Ibn Battah
a
in 304/917. He learned from a number of Hanbali scholars of his time and also personally knew al-Barbahari.
Ibn Batta was severely attacked by Khatib al-Baghdadi, a former Hanbali though he was defended by Ibn al-Jawzi who was much influenced by him.
# Books.
- Al-Ibaanah (Al-Kubra/Al-Sugra); Kitab al-sharh wa al-ibanah ala usul al-sunnah wa al-dinayah. in Henry Laoust, La Profession de foi d'Ibn Batta. Damascus: Institut Francais de Damas, 1958.
- Al-Sunna
- Al-Manasik
- Tahrim an-Namina
# See also.
- Hanbali Scholars
# External links.
- Ibn Baṭṭa, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Muḥammad Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿUkbari / Laoust, H. // Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2 ed. — Leiden : E. J. Brill, 1960—2005. | 6,124,154 |
7541962 | Zemunik Donji | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemunik%20Donji | Zemunik Donji
Zemunik Donji
Zemunik Donji is a municipality in Croatia in the Zadar County. According to the 2011 census, there are 2,060 inhabitants, 91% of whom are Croats. | 6,124,155 |
7541959 | Tkon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tkon | Tkon
Tkon
Tkon is a municipality in Croatia in the Zadar County. According to the 2011 census, there are 763 inhabitants, 98% which are Croats.
It is located on the island of Pašman and is connected by ferry to the mainland town of Biograd na Moru.
# History.
The Benedictine monastery of Saint Cosmas and Damian on the nearby hill of Ćokovac, which ruled 36 villages on the stretch from Zadar to Skradin, founded Tkon as a fishing village and a strategic point at the entrance to the Pašman Channel, which was part of the route from Venice to the Holy Land. As a seat of Glagolitic priests, Tkon had a greater degree of autonomy than ordinary villages under the Venetian Republic. "Tkonski zbornik" (Tkon | 6,124,156 |
7541959 | Tkon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tkon | Tkon
Compilation), dating from that period, is an old church document written in the Glagolitic script. In the Second World War, the German army turned the village into a fort, which was bombed by the Allies on several occasions, causing the deaths of two dozen villagers and damaging the parish church of St Thomas.
Major settlement of the island is known locally as "Ellen" a historical name, dating back to 1208. The name of the village used by the locals is Kun.
# Notable people.
Ante Gotovina, a retired Croatian general, was born and grew up in Tkon. He is an honorary citizen of Tkon.
# Sport.
Tkon is the birthplace of "Škraping", an international trekking race that includes running and orientation. | 6,124,157 |
7541959 | Tkon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tkon | Tkon
document written in the Glagolitic script. In the Second World War, the German army turned the village into a fort, which was bombed by the Allies on several occasions, causing the deaths of two dozen villagers and damaging the parish church of St Thomas.
Major settlement of the island is known locally as "Ellen" a historical name, dating back to 1208. The name of the village used by the locals is Kun.
# Notable people.
Ante Gotovina, a retired Croatian general, was born and grew up in Tkon. He is an honorary citizen of Tkon.
# Sport.
Tkon is the birthplace of "Škraping", an international trekking race that includes running and orientation. The race has two categories: ultra and light. | 6,124,158 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
Caroline era
The Caroline or Carolean era refers to the era in English and Scottish history during the Stuart period (1603–1714) that coincided with the reign of Charles I (1625–1642), "Carolus" being Latin for Charles. The Caroline era followed the Jacobean era, the reign of Charles's father James I & VI (1603–1625); it was followed by the Wars of the three Kingdoms (1642–1651) and the English Interregnum (1651–1660).
# Highlights of the Caroline era.
The Caroline era was dominated by the growing religious, political, and social conflict between the King and his supporters, termed the Royalist party, and the Puritan opposition that evolved in response to particular aspects of Charles's rule. | 6,124,159 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
Aside from the bloody conflict of the Thirty Years' War then raging in continental Europe, the Caroline period in Britain was one of an uneasy peace, growing darker as the civil conflict between King and Puritans worsened toward the latter part of Charles's reign.
This conflict between King and Parliament dominated society to such a degree that other developments have seemed mere continuations of previous innovations. Some of those continuations, however, were of major significance for the future. English efforts at the colonization of North America continued throughout Charles's reign, with the foundation of new colonies in Carolina (1629), Maryland (1634), Connecticut (1635), and Rhode Island | 6,124,160 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
(1636) standing as important steps in the process. Development of previously-established colonies in Virginia, Massachusetts, and Newfoundland also continued. (In Massachusetts, the Pequot War of 1637 was the first major armed conflict between New England settlers and a Native American people.)
# Literature.
In literature, and especially in drama, the Caroline period has often been regarded as a diminished continuation of the trends of the previous two reigns. Caroline theatre unquestionably saw a falling-off after the peak achievements of William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, though some of their successors, especially Philip Massinger, James Shirley, and John Ford, carried on to create interesting, | 6,124,161 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
even compelling theatre. In recent years the comedies of Richard Brome have gained in critical appreciation.
In poetry, however, the Caroline period saw the flourishing of the Cavalier poets (including Thomas Carew, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling) and the Metaphysical poets (George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, Katherine Philips and others), movements that produced powerful figures like John Donne, as well as lyrically satisfying artists like Robert Herrick. If the Elizabethan era was the golden age of English drama, the Caroline age was nearly as rich in the realm of non-dramatic poetry, bringing as it did the beginnings of the career of John Milton, in addition to the poets of the movements | 6,124,162 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
already mentioned.
# Arts.
In the visual arts, the portraiture of Anthony van Dyck (appointed "painter to the king," 1633–1641) was a dominant influence, and has sometimes been credited with founding an English school of painting. Upon his death in 1641, his position as portraitist to the royal family was filled, practically if not formally, by William Dobson (ca. 1610–1646), making Dobson the most prominent native-born English artist of the era. Inigo Jones carried forward his work in architecture and design, though without breaking new ground. The peculiar artistic form of the court masque was still being written and performed, including the final masques of Ben Jonson (printed 1625–34). | 6,124,163 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
The lavish expenditures on these showpieces—the production of a single masque could approach £15,000 —was one of a growing number of grievances that critics in general, and the Puritans in particular, held against the King and his court.
# Sciences and mathematics.
The sciences saw a major step forward with the 1628 publication by William Harvey of his study of the circulatory system, "Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus" ("Anatomical Essay on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals").The reception granted to Harvey's work was, unfortunately, highly critical and hostile; but within a generation his work began to receive the valuation it deserved. More broadly, | 6,124,164 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
the revolution in thinking that connects Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626) with the foundation of the Royal Society (1660) was ongoing throughout the Caroline period; Bacon's "The New Atlantis" was first printed in 1627, and contributed to the evolving new paradigm among receptive individuals. The men who would begin the Royal Society were for the most part still schoolboys and students in this period—though John Wilkins was already publishing early works of Copernican astronomy and science advocacy, "The Discovery of a World in the Moon" (1638) and "A Discourse Concerning a New Planet" (1640).
Lacking formal scientific institutions and organizations, Caroline scientists, proto-scientists, and | 6,124,165 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
"natural philosophers" had to cluster in informal groups, often under the social and financial patronage of a sympathetic aristocrat. This again was an old phenomenon: a precedent in the prior reigns of Elizabeth and James can be identified in the circle that revolved around the "Wizard Earl" of Northumberland. Caroline scientists often clustered similarly. These ad hoc associations helped individuals to avoid the dark by-ways of alchemy and astrology, Neoplatonism and Kabbalah and sympathetic magic—temptations that trapped more than a few in this era (like Sir Kenelm Digby with the Powder of Sympathy).
In mathematics, three major works were published in a single year, 1631—the "Artis analyticae | 6,124,166 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
praxis" of Thomas Harriot (1560–1621), published ten years posthumously, and the "Clavis mathematicae" of William Oughtred (1575–1660). Both contributed to the evolution of modern mathematical language, the latter giving us the formula_1 sign for multiplication. In philosophy, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was already writing some of his works and evolving his key concepts, though they would not see print till after the end of the Caroline era.
And on the dark and obscure flipside of science, the occultist Robert Fludd continued his series of enormous and convoluted volumes of esoteric lore, begun during the previous reign. In 1626 appeared his "Philosophia Sacra" (which constituted Portion IV | 6,124,167 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
of Section I of Tractate II of Volume II of Fludd's "History of the Macrocosm and Microcosm"), which was followed in 1629 and 1631 by the two-part medical text "Medicina Catholica". Fludd's last major work (there were various minor ones in between) would be the posthumously-published "Philosophia Moysaica" (1638). However one chooses to evaluate Fludd's intellectual achievement, the superb and daedally complex illustrations in his books, masterpieces of the engraver's art, are a cultural enrichment.
# See also.
- Caroline Divines
# Further reading.
- Coward, Barry, and Peter Gaunt. "The Stuart Age: England, 1603–1714" (5th ed 2017) new introduction; a wide-ranging standard scholarly survey.
- | 6,124,168 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
Coward, Barry, ed. "A Companion to Stuart Britain" (2009) excerpt and text search; 24 advanced essays by scholars; emphasis on historiography; contents
- Cressy, David. "Charles I and the People of England" (Oxford UP, 2015).
- Davies, Godfrey. "The Early Stuarts, 1603–1660" (Oxford History of England) (2nd ed. 1959), a wide-ranging standard scholarly survey.
- Fritze, Ronald H. and William B. Robison, eds. "Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603–1689" (1996), 630pp; 300 short essays by experts emphasis on politics, religion, and historiography excerpt
- Hirst, Derek. "Of Labels and Situations: Revisionisms and Early Stuart Studies." "Huntington Library Quarterly" 78.4 (2015): 595–614. | 6,124,169 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
excerpt
- Kenyon, J.P. "Stuart England" (Penguin, 1985), survey
- Kishlansky, Mark A. "A Monarchy Transformed: Britain, 1603–1714" (Penguin History of Britain) (1997), standard scholarly survey; excerpt and text search
- Kishlansky, Mark A. and John Morrill. "Charles I (1600–1649)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (2004; online edn, Oct 2008) accessed 22 Aug 2017 doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5143
- Lockyer, Roger. "The Early Stuarts: A Political History of England, 1603-1642" (Addison-Wesley Longman, 1999).
- Lockyer, Roger. "Tudor and Stuart Britain: 1485-1714" (3rd ed. 2004), 576 pp excerpt
- Morrill, John. "Stuart Britain: A Very Short Introduction" (2005) excerpt and text search; | 6,124,170 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
100pp
- Morrill, John, ed. "The Oxford illustrated history of Tudor & Stuart Britain" (1996) online, a wide-ranging standard scholarly survey.
- Quintrell, Brian. "Charles I 1625-1640" (Routledge, 2014).
- Roberts, Clayton and F. David Roberts. "A History of England, Volume 1: Prehistory to 1714" (2nd ed. 2013), university textbook.
- Sharp, David. "The Coming of the Civil War 1603–49" (2000), textbook
- Sharpe, Kevin. "The personal rule of Charles I" (Yale UP, 1992).
- Sharpe, Kevin, and Peter Lake, eds. "Culture and politics in early Stuart England" (1993)
- Wilson, Charles. "England's apprenticeship, 1603–1763" (1967), comprehensive economic and business history.
- Wroughton, John. | 6,124,171 |
7541904 | Caroline era | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline%20era | Caroline era
(1993)
- Wilson, Charles. "England's apprenticeship, 1603–1763" (1967), comprehensive economic and business history.
- Wroughton, John. ed. "The Routledge Companion to the Stuart Age, 1603–1714" (2006) excerpt and text search
## Primary sources.
- Coward, Barry, and Peter Gaunt, eds. "English Historical Documents, 1603–1660" (2011)
- Key, Newton, and Robert O. Bucholz, eds. "Sources and debates in English history, 1485–1714" (2009).
- Kenyon, J.P. ed. "The Stuart Constitution, 1603–1688: Documents and Commentary" (1986).
- Stater, Victor, ed. "The Political History of Tudor and Stuart England: A Sourcebook" (Routledge, 2002) online
# External links.
- 1633—Hobbes in a Jonson masque? | 6,124,172 |
7541956 | FIA Sportscar Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%20Sportscar%20Championship | FIA Sportscar Championship
FIA Sportscar Championship
The FIA Sportscar Championship was a sports car racing series created by John Mangoletsi and was eventually taken control of by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It was a series similar to the FIA GT Championship, concentrating on two classes of open-cockpit sports prototypes in endurance races mostly around Europe. The series was folded after the 2003 season.
# History.
Following the demise of the World Sportscar Championship in 1992, Europe was left without a major sportscar series. In the United States however, attempts were underway to recreate the glory of the World Sportscar Championship with the IMSA GTP series returning to cheaper, open-cockpit | 6,124,173 |
7541956 | FIA Sportscar Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%20Sportscar%20Championship | FIA Sportscar Championship
sportscars to replace their highly technological and expensive closed-cockpit sportscars that were similar to those used in the World Sportscar Championship at its end. Following on this successful formula, in 1997 John Mangoletsi developed the International Sports Racing Series, a European-based series for open-cockpit sportscars. It would be supported by major teams like Rafanelli, Riley & Scott, Kremer Racing, Joest Racing and Konrad Motorsport and by manufacturers such as Ferrari, which was having success with its new 333 SP sports racer.
The International Sports Racing Series was open to Sportscars complying with either FIA SR1 or FIA SR2 regulations. The SR1 class was for cars with engines | 6,124,174 |
7541956 | FIA Sportscar Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%20Sportscar%20Championship | FIA Sportscar Championship
limited to a maximum capacity of 6000cc if naturally aspirated or 4000cc if supercharged. The SR2 class was for cars with production based engines limited to a maximum of six cylinders and a maximum capacity of 3000cc. The SR1 cars were similar to those contesting the LMP Class in the 24 Hours of Le Mans while the SR2 cars were similar to cars in the CN class as used in hillclimb events. In 1999, the series was officially recognized by the FIA and renamed the Sports Racing World Cup. Ferrari's success with the 333SP was proven with a large number of entrants making it the chassis of choice in SR1, while Riley & Scott, Lola, and other manufacturers attempted to overcome the dominant marque, Ferrari.
In | 6,124,175 |
7541956 | FIA Sportscar Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%20Sportscar%20Championship | FIA Sportscar Championship
2001, the series was officially taken over by the FIA and renamed as the FIA Sportscar Championship and it continued to expand into new markets, including a partnership with Grand American in the United States. This partnership involved share races and, eventually, common regulations. With the creation of the American Le Mans Series in 1999 and the European Le Mans Series in 2001, the FIA Sportscar Championship found it increasingly difficult to attract top teams and manufacturers. Grand American changed to adapt to this shift in sportscar design with their dropping of the SRP1 class and the phasing out of the SRP2 class (eliminated in 2004) in 2003. By that time the FIA Sportscar Championship | 6,124,176 |
7541956 | FIA Sportscar Championship | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FIA%20Sportscar%20Championship | FIA Sportscar Championship
class and the phasing out of the SRP2 class (eliminated in 2004) in 2003. By that time the FIA Sportscar Championship was suffered from a declining number of entries, leading to its demise at the end of the 2003 season. The FIA chose instead to back the new Le Mans Endurance Series that debuted in 2004, ensuring the continuation of Sportscar racing in Europe.
# See also.
- European Le Mans Series
- World Sportscar Championship
- FIA GT Championship
# External links.
- ISRS/SRWC/FIA SCC Results 1997 – 2003
- Images from the International Sports Racing Series / Sports Racing World Cup / FIA Sportscar Championship – 1997 to 2003 Retrieved from www.racingsportscars.com on 3 September 2009 | 6,124,177 |
7541949 | Fang District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fang%20District | Fang District
Fang District
Fang (, ) is a district ("amphoe") in the northern part of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand.
# History.
According to the Yonok chronicle, "Mueang" Fang was built in 641 by King Lawa Changkarat. Later, King Mengrai the Great ruled over Fang before building Wiang Kumkam and Chiang Mai as successive capitals of the Lanna Kingdom, beginning in 1294. Prior to the new capitals, Mengrai had used Mueang Fang as a base to invade Hariphunchai.
In 1910, "Mueang" Fang was made part of Chiang Rai Province, and named Mueang Fang District. In 1925 it was reassigned to Chiang Mai Province. In 1938 the word "mueang" was dropped from the name, which was then reserved for capital districts | 6,124,178 |
7541949 | Fang District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fang%20District | Fang District
of the provinces.
# Etymology.
The landscape of Mueang Fang looked like the seed of a fang tree ("Caesalpinia sappan"). The town was named after this tree.
# Geography.
Neighboring districts are (from the northeast, clockwise) Mae Ai of Chiang Mai Province, Mae Suai of Chiang Rai Province, Chai Prakan of Chiang Mai Province, and Shan State of Myanmar. The Fang River, a tributary of the Kok River, gives its name to the district.
Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park is in Fang District. The Daen Lao Range runs through the district's north and west, and the Khun Tan Range begins in the south of the district.
# Administration.
The district is divided into eight sub-districts ("tambons"), which are | 6,124,179 |
7541949 | Fang District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fang%20District | Fang District
ver, a tributary of the Kok River, gives its name to the district.
Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park is in Fang District. The Daen Lao Range runs through the district's north and west, and the Khun Tan Range begins in the south of the district.
# Administration.
The district is divided into eight sub-districts ("tambons"), which are further subdivided into 128 villages ("muban"). There are two townships ("thesaban tambons"): Wiang Fang covers parts of "tambon" Wiang, and Ban Mae Kha parts of "tambon" Mae Kha. There are a further eight tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
# See also.
- Fang
- Fangchanupathum School
# External links.
- amphoe.com (Thai)
- Doi Phahompok National Park | 6,124,180 |
7541978 | Pam Ling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pam%20Ling | Pam Ling
Pam Ling
Pam Ling (born April 21, 1968) is an American physician, best known as a castmate on "", the third season of MTV's long-running reality television show.
# On the "Real World".
On the show, Ling was a Phi Beta Kappa member from Harvard, an overachiever, and in her third year of medical school. In the first few weeks of their stay in the house, she was finishing up a difficult rotation. Like castmate Mohammed Bilal, she was one of the more calm and low-key roommates, and was one of the last roommates that Puck would agree to talk to during conflict resolutions with the rest of the house. She became close with castmates Pedro Zamora and Judd Winick, and the three became inseparable, | 6,124,181 |
7541978 | Pam Ling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pam%20Ling | Pam Ling
with Cory joining them halfway through their stay in San Francisco.
She attempted to maintain a long-distance relationship with her then-boyfriend Chris, and the roommates surprised her by having him visit San Francisco on her birthday, putting on a mock presentation of "This is Your Life", with a tuxedo-wearing Winick as the announcer, and her boyfriend as the final person to appear. Unbeknownst to anyone, Winick had developed feelings of his own for Ling, and after she would get home late at night from work and fall asleep with a book across her lap and a pen in her hand, Winick would turn off her bedside lamp, put the book away and cover her up. Ling and Winick supported Zamora by attending | 6,124,182 |
7541978 | Pam Ling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pam%20Ling | Pam Ling
his lectures whenever they could.
# After the "Real World".
After the show ended, Ling and Chris broke up, while her and Winick’s relationship moved beyond friendship. They visited Zamora in his hometown of Miami as he was hospitalized and their feelings deepened during their visits. On November 11, 1994, the day after the last San Francisco "Real World" episode aired, Zamora died. Ling and Winick began dating in 1995 and moved in together. They announced their relationship at a "Real World Reunion Special" which brought together the casts of the first four seasons. After dating for five years, Winick proposed to Ling with a cartoon he made for the occasion, and which he presented to her while | 6,124,183 |
7541978 | Pam Ling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pam%20Ling | Pam Ling
wearing a gorilla suit. The cartoon presented Ling with two choices to answer his proposal. After she accepted his proposal, he summoned three singing Elvis Presley impersonators. Winick and Ling married in a civil ceremony on August 26, 2001. Writer Armistead Maupin spoke at their ceremony. As of 2008, they have two children.
The couple continues Pedro Zamora's work in AIDS education. Ling completed her residency in primary care at the University of California, San Francisco in 1999, and entered into an AIDS-research fellowship. She currently specializes in HIV/AIDS research. Her husband lectures about AIDS and wrote a book about the life of Zamora entitled "Pedro and Me" [2000].
# In popular | 6,124,184 |
7541978 | Pam Ling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pam%20Ling | Pam Ling
University of California, San Francisco in 1999, and entered into an AIDS-research fellowship. She currently specializes in HIV/AIDS research. Her husband lectures about AIDS and wrote a book about the life of Zamora entitled "Pedro and Me" [2000].
# In popular culture.
In "Pedro", Nick Oceano's 2008 film dramatizing Pedro Zamora's life, Ling is portrayed by Jenn Liu. Ling and Winnick can be seen in a cameo in a scene in which Jenn Liu and Alex Loynaz, as Ling and Zamora, are meeting up on a set of stairs.
# Sources and external links.
- "Pedro and Me: Friendship, Loss, and What I Learned" by Judd Winick (2000; Henry Holt & Co.)
- "The Real World Diaries" (1996; Pocket Books; MTV Books) | 6,124,185 |
7541985 | Akhlaq Qureshi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhlaq%20Qureshi | Akhlaq Qureshi
Akhlaq Qureshi
Akhlaq Qureshi (born 7 February 1962) was a Pakistani-born Italian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who first played cricket back in the 1984/85 season. He made his cricketing debut for the Lahore City Whites in 1984, on the losing side of a Patron's Trophy match. He later played in the 1998 Wills Cup.
His cricketing career found a new lease of life when he moved to Italy and decided to represent the new Italian team. He played in their first registered match, against Ireland in the 1996 European Championship, and thereon played in the 1997 ICC Trophy, and the 1998, 2000, and 2002 European championships.
While playing in Pakistan, he | 6,124,186 |
7541985 | Akhlaq Qureshi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhlaq%20Qureshi | Akhlaq Qureshi
bowler who first played cricket back in the 1984/85 season. He made his cricketing debut for the Lahore City Whites in 1984, on the losing side of a Patron's Trophy match. He later played in the 1998 Wills Cup.
His cricketing career found a new lease of life when he moved to Italy and decided to represent the new Italian team. He played in their first registered match, against Ireland in the 1996 European Championship, and thereon played in the 1997 ICC Trophy, and the 1998, 2000, and 2002 European championships.
While playing in Pakistan, he was a lower-order batsman, however, by 1998, he had moved to the middle order for the Italians. He hit one half-century in his career, back in 1984. | 6,124,187 |
7541989 | HMS Wexham (M2738) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Wexham%20(M2738) | HMS Wexham (M2738)
HMS Wexham (M2738)
HMS "Wexham" was a of the Royal Navy.
Their names were all chosen from villages ending in "-ham". The minesweeper was named after Wexham in Buckinghamshire.
# References.
- Blackman, R.V.B. ed. "Jane's Fighting Ships" (1953) | 6,124,188 |
7541980 | Wiang Haeng District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiang%20Haeng%20District | Wiang Haeng District
Wiang Haeng District
Wiang Haeng (, ) is a district ("amphoe") in the northern part of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand.
# History.
The area of "tambon" Wiang was very far from Chiang Dao District center. The government separated "Tambon" Mueang Haeng and Piang Luang to create a minor district ("king amphoe") on 5 May 1981. It was upgraded to a full district on 4 November 1993.
# Geography.
Neighboring districts are (from the northeast clockwise) Chiang Dao of Chiang Mai Province, Pai of Mae Hong Son Province and Shan State of Myanmar.
The source of the Taeng River lies in the mountains of the Daen Lao Range in the north of the district.
# Administration.
The district is divided | 6,124,189 |
7541980 | Wiang Haeng District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiang%20Haeng%20District | Wiang Haeng District
ment separated "Tambon" Mueang Haeng and Piang Luang to create a minor district ("king amphoe") on 5 May 1981. It was upgraded to a full district on 4 November 1993.
# Geography.
Neighboring districts are (from the northeast clockwise) Chiang Dao of Chiang Mai Province, Pai of Mae Hong Son Province and Shan State of Myanmar.
The source of the Taeng River lies in the mountains of the Daen Lao Range in the north of the district.
# Administration.
The district is divided into three sub-districts ("tambon"), which are further subdivided into 26 villages ("muban"). There are no municipal ("thesaban") areas, and three tambon administrative organizations (TAO).
# External links.
- amphoe.com | 6,124,190 |
7541991 | Taiga shrew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiga%20shrew | Taiga shrew
Taiga shrew
The taiga shrew ("Sorex isodon"), also known as the even-toothed shrew can achieve a body length of about 67 millimeters, with a tail of about 43 millimeters. This shrew is very similar to the long-clawed shrew. This species inhabits forested mountain valleys, and is found across northern Eurasia. It ranges from the Baltic Sea area through the Lake Baikal region of Siberia into the Russian Far East and along the Baekdudaegan mountains of the Korean Peninsula.
# See also.
- List of placental mammals
- List of mammals of Korea
# External links.
- Zipcode Zoo | 6,124,191 |
7541997 | Bednja | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bednja | Bednja
Bednja
Bednja () is a village and municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin County (west of Lepoglava), and also a river in northern Croatia. According to the 2011 census, there are 3,992 inhabitants, the majority of Croat descent. | 6,124,192 |
7542007 | Breznica | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breznica | Breznica
Breznica
Breznica () may refer to:
Croatia
- Breznica, Croatia, a village and municipality in Varaždin county
- Breznica Đakovačka, a village near Đakovo
- Breznica Našička, a village near Našice
Serbia
- Breznica (Bujanovac), a village
- Breznica (Žagubica), a village
Slovakia
- Breznica, Stropkov District, Prešov Region
Slovenia
- Breznica pod Lubnikom, a village in the Municipality of Škofja Loka
- Breznica pri Žireh, a village in the Municipality of Žiri
- Breznica, Prevalje, a village in the Municipality of Prevalje
- Breznica, Žirovnica, a village in the Municipality of Žirovnica
# See also.
- Breznička (disambiguation) | 6,124,193 |
7542003 | Beretinec | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beretinec | Beretinec
Beretinec
Beretinec is a village and municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin County. According to the 2011 census, there are 2,176 inhabitants in the municipality, the overwhelming majority of which are Croats. | 6,124,194 |
7542009 | Dusky shrew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dusky%20shrew | Dusky shrew
Dusky shrew
Dusky shrew may refer to one of at least three species of shrew:
- "Sorex isodon", also called taiga shrew
- "Sorex monticolus", also called the montane shrew
- "Crocidura pullata", also called the Kashmir white-toothed shrew | 6,124,195 |
7542012 | Breznički Hum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breznički%20Hum | Breznički Hum
Breznički Hum
Breznički is a village and municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin County. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,575 inhabitants, absolute majority which are Croats. | 6,124,196 |
7541984 | Walter Scott (Australian footballer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Scott%20(Australian%20footballer) | Walter Scott (Australian footballer)
Walter Scott (Australian footballer)
Walter "Wacka" or "Wat" Scott (2 September 1899 – 27 July 1989) was an Australian rules footballer who represented in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) during the early 20th century. Scott was a high marking defender who had a large influence during a very successful part of the Norwood Football Club's history.
# Early life.
Scott was born in Stirling, South Australia and played his early football with an inflated pig's bladder at school. He took his first job at the age of 13 as an apprentice electrician with the company Morrison and Gwynne. The three senior partners – J. Morrison, G. C. Gwynne and Algie Millhouse – all played for , | 6,124,197 |
7541984 | Walter Scott (Australian footballer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Scott%20(Australian%20footballer) | Walter Scott (Australian footballer)
and Millhouse had captained the club in 1914. Scott lived in the city during this time, but returned home during the weekends, during which he played for Stirling in the Hills Association until 1919.
# Football career.
His high marking and sound defensive skills immediately drew praise and in his first season he won his new club's best and fairest award.
In his second season, he tied with Dan Moriarty of South Adelaide for the 1921 Magarey Medal. Under the rules that applied at that time, the Leagues umpires were called to deliberate and in the event chose to award the medal to Moriarty. Scott went on to win two Magarey Medals outright in 1924 and 1930. In 1998 the SANFL retrospectively awarded | 6,124,198 |
7541984 | Walter Scott (Australian footballer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Scott%20(Australian%20footballer) | Walter Scott (Australian footballer)
medals to all players who had tied for the medal but lost on a "countback" or by such adjudication. Thus some 76 years after the event (and posthumously) he acquired his third medal.
In 1922 Norwood won the premiership, the first for Scott. He played in three more premierships with Norwood, including as captain-coach of the 1929 team. He won Norwood's best and fairest award a record six times.
The pinnacle of Scott's playing career occurred in 1930 when he not only won the Magarey Medal, but also captained the South Australian side in that year's interstate carnival. Scott played 38 consecutive matches for his State – an Australian record that stands to this day. He also coached the State | 6,124,199 |
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