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7541984 | Walter Scott (Australian footballer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter%20Scott%20(Australian%20footballer) | Walter Scott (Australian footballer)
cord that stands to this day. He also coached the State side four times.
Sadly he injured his knee severely in the last round match of the 1930 season against Port Adelaide, and he never reached such heights again as a player. He retired as a player in 1932.
Scott coached at four ... | 6,124,200 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, which commenced with the Soviet Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (, "Kerchensko-Feodosiyskaya desantnaya operatsiya") and ended with the German Operation Bustard Hunt (), was a World War II battle between Erich von Manstein'... | 6,124,201 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
through April, the Crimean Front launched repeated offensives against the 11th Army, all of which failed with heavy losses. The Red Army lost 352,000 men in the attacks, while the Axis suffered 24,120 casualties. Superior German artillery firepower was largely responsible for the Soviet de... | 6,124,202 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
swing north with the 22nd Panzer Division to encircle the Soviet 51st Army on 10 May and annihilate it on 11 May. The remnants of the 44th and 47th Armies were pursued to Kerch, where the last pockets of organized Soviet resistance were eradicated through German aerial and artillery firepo... | 6,124,203 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
up to 6,000 canisters of SD-2 anti-personnel cluster munitions to kill masses of fleeing Soviet infantrymen.
Manstein's outnumbered 11th Army suffered 7,588 casualties, while the Crimean Front lost 176,566 men, 258 tanks, 1,133 artillery pieces and 315 aircraft in three armies comprising ... | 6,124,204 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
German forces to cross the Kerch Strait on 2 September 1942 during Operation Blücher II, a part of the German drive to capture the Caucasus oilfields.
# Prelude.
On 8 December 1941, "Stavka", the Soviet supreme command, ordered General-Lieutenant Dmitry Timofeyevich Kozlov's Transcaucasi... | 6,124,205 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Front's chief of staff General-Major Fyodor Tolbukhin.
Tolbukhin's plan was too complicated for the Red Army's and Soviet Navy's abilities. It was based on multiple small landings at separate locations at separate times instead of one large, simultaneous landing. Five transport groups fro... | 6,124,206 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
air cover from the Taman Peninsula. The Soviets had the men and troop transports on hand but were compelled to use fishing trawlers for the actual landings due to the lack of landing craft, had little experience with large-scale joint operations and were impeded by the stormy winter weathe... | 6,124,207 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
General Kurt Himer who had assumed his command on 17 December, two coastal artillery battalions equipped with obsolete World War I artillery pieces, a combat engineer regiment and a "Luftwaffe" anti-aircraft battalion. The 46th Infantry Division, mostly up to strength, was woefully overext... | 6,124,208 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
at Cape Khroni to the northeast of Kerch. It consisted of the gunboat "Don", the transports "Krasny Flot" and "Pyenay", a tugboat, two motor barges that carried three T-26 light tanks and a few artillery pieces, and 16 fishing trawlers. Whaleboats were substituted for landing craft, result... | 6,124,209 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
but a few vessels foundered on the rocky beach. At Cape Tarhan only 18 soldiers got to the beach out of Group 3's landing force of 1,000 men due to a lack of whaleboats. West of Cape Khroni at Bulganak Bay the Azov flotilla landed 1,452 men, three T-26 tanks, two 76mm howitzers and two 45m... | 6,124,210 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
and sunk with 450 troops aboard. One vessel with 100 men from Group 2 was bombed and sank off Cape Zyuk. Lacking radios, the lightly-armed and half-frozen Soviet formations north of Kerch moved only one kilometer inland before stopping and digging in for German counterattacks. The Soviet r... | 6,124,211 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Regiment held perfect defensive positions on high ground that dominated the sand beaches. The landing at 0500 hours was stopped by an onslaught of German MG 34 machine gun, mortar and light-artillery fire that prevented the whaleboats and fishing trawlers from advancing to the shore. The 2... | 6,124,212 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
The "Luftwaffe" sank several ships offshore and only 2,175 troops out of the 5,200-strong Kamysh Burun landing force got ashore.
Lieutenant General Kurt Himer was aware of the Soviet landings by 0610 hours but was uncertain where the Soviet point of main effort was due to the disunited na... | 6,124,213 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
(IR) 97 had its 1st and 3rd Battalions and two artillery batteries in position for a counterattack the next day. At 1350 hours on 26 December, IR 72 reported that a captured Soviet officer from Cape Khroni had revealed the extent of the Soviet plan – to land 25,000 troops at Kerch. Himer a... | 6,124,214 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
to use the Romanian 8th Cavalry Brigade to reinforce Himer.
The counterattack against Zyuk was launched only at 1300 hours on 27 December due to the muddy roads. The beachhead was flat and devoid of flora, offering no cover for either side. The Soviet 2nd Battalion/83rd Naval Infantry Bri... | 6,124,215 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
two deployed infantry battalions of IR 97 attacked the Soviet position, supported by two 10.5 cm howitzers. A combat engineer company blocked the Soviet escape route to the east. The Soviet defensive position was hopelessly exposed. Six He 111 bombers and a few "Stukas" bombed the Soviet t... | 6,124,216 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
28 December, with only 12 men swimming to safety. Himer's division took 1,700 prisoners and only the 1,000-strong Soviet force at Bulganak Bay remained, along with the Kamysh Burun beachhead as well as isolated pockets of Soviet resistance inland.
## Feodosia landing, 29 December – 2 Janu... | 6,124,217 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
harbor entrance was supposed to deny the enemy access but had been left open due to negligence. The Romanian 3rd Rosiori motorized cavalry regiment was in reserve near Feodosia. Two more Romanian mountain infantry and cavalry brigades were halfway toward Kerch to crush the Soviet landings ... | 6,124,218 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
steamed towards Feodosia in relatively favorable weather permitting speeds of 16 knots. The destroyer "Sposobnyi" struck a naval mine and sank with 200 casualties. The Soviet troops were exposed to freezing weather and suffered from hypothermia and seasickness. Two Soviet submarines waited... | 6,124,219 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
led by Lieutenant Arkady F. Aydinov, captured two 3.7 cm Pak anti-tank guns and launched green flares to signal the all-clear for the follow-up forces. The German II./AR 54 gunners engaged the Soviet patrol boats without hitting them. Beginning at 0426 hours, the destroyer "Shaumyan" inser... | 6,124,220 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
it 17 times and setting its No. 2 gun turret on fire. "Krasnyi Kavkaz" responded with its 180 mm batteries, landed its troops in three hours and then departed the harbor. The "Luftwaffe" arrived above the battlefield and sank a minesweeper and a patrol boat in the morning, but missed its c... | 6,124,221 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
the Romanian 8th Cavalry Brigade and 4th Mountain Brigade to turn around and form defensive positions around the Soviet bridgehead at Feodosia. He requested permission from 11th Army commander "General der Infanterie" Erich von Manstein to withdraw the 46th Infantry Division from Kerch to ... | 6,124,222 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
46th Infantry Division to retreat west from Kerch to avoid encirclement. Sponeck's order was highly controversial. There were insufficient German forces at Feodosia to stop further Soviet advances, but there were 20,000 Romanian troops in the vicinity and strong German reinforcements on th... | 6,124,223 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
the morning of 31 December and after a brief fight, the 46th took a detour cross country through a narrow 10-kilometer gap between the lead Soviet elements and the Sea of Azov. The 46th avoided encirclement, but suffered moderate equipment losses and light personnel casualties. It establis... | 6,124,224 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
of the operation. Sponeck was relieved of his command on 29 December for insubordination and court-martialed in Germany three weeks later. He was replaced by 72nd Infantry Division commander "General der Infanterie" Franz Mattenklott. Army Group South commander-in-chief "Generaloberst" Wal... | 6,124,225 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Infantry Division's retreat. The 51st Army had four rifle divisions ashore and liberated the eastern Kerch Peninsula on 1 January.
By 1 January XXXXII Army Corps had a defensive line 20 kilometers west of Feodosia. Gruppe Hitzfeld, led by Otto Hitzfeld, arrived with IR 213 from the 73rd I... | 6,124,226 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
the Romanian brigades was criticized by Manstein as a missed Soviet opportunity to destroy the entire 11th Army. On 1 January the 44th Army had 23,000 troops ashore in three rifle divisions but this was insufficient for sustained offensive operations against Manstein. A Soviet infantry-arm... | 6,124,227 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
objective of relieving Sevastopol. Casualties were high. The Soviet forces involved in the Kerch-Feodosia landing operation from 26 December 1941 through 2 January 1942 lost 41,935 men, including 32,453 killed or captured and 9,482 wounded or sick.
## German counterattack, 15 January – 20... | 6,124,228 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
along with two battalions from the 72nd Infantry Division, StuG III assault guns and the Romanian 18th Infantry Division. Its task was to hold the line against the 51st Army. Manstein also diverted the XXX Corps under "Generalmajor" Maximilian Fretter-Pico from the siege of Sevastopol to l... | 6,124,229 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
did not believe the Axis were strong enough to mount an attack and did not order his two armies to dig in. Prior to his planned main offensive, he landed 226 soldiers on board the destroyer "Sposobnyi" 40 kilometers southwest of Feodosia as a diversion but succeeded in drawing off only one... | 6,124,230 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
itself. Manstein correctly saw the operation as a distraction and sent only a token watch force to keep the Soviets occupied. The Soviet landing force at Sudak initially resisted the counterattacks of two Romanian infantry battalions. The Germans used their airpower and artillery to reduce... | 6,124,231 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
another 876 prisoners were taken and executed, 350–500 joined partisan groups, while the rest laid low in the wilderness. Fretter-Pico tasked a Romanian mountain infantry battalion with mopping up operations, which continued for five months until June.
The Soviet 236th Rifle Division's fo... | 6,124,232 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
throwing the Soviet leadership into chaos. Otto Hitzfeld's IR 213 attacked, supported by two battalions from the 46th Infantry Division (ID) and three StuG IIIs. The Germans achieved complete surprise and swiftly overran the Soviet positions. The StuGs knocked out two T-26 tanks but lost o... | 6,124,233 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
and missing in its 15 January attack against the 236th Rifle Division. In exchange, five German infantry battalions backed up by powerful air support and several assault guns crushed a Soviet division and established an ascendancy over the 44th Army.
The German counteroffensive continued ... | 6,124,234 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
at Vladislavovka to the north of Feodosia and launched a battalion-sized armored-infantry counterattack there. They were stopped in their tracks by "Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 190" StuG IIIs, which knocked out 16 T-26 tanks. 32 ID assaulted Feodosia at dawn on 17 January. The Red Army troops ... | 6,124,235 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
on 17 January. Its commanding officer escaped but was convicted and executed by a Soviet military tribunal three weeks later.
XXX Corps' attack intensified on 19 January as the remaining two divisions of the 44th Army were pursued along the Black Sea coast, unraveling the Soviet forward p... | 6,124,236 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
roads, although this did not stop the German 46th Infantry Division from executing a fast march over the same terrain in late December. Both sides began to construct defensive positions reinforced by dugouts, trenches and barbed wire. XXX Corps defeated the 44th Army in five days, threw tw... | 6,124,237 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
for more than a month. The Germans lacked armor and sufficient air units to exploit their victory to the hilt.
## Battle of the Parpach Narrows, 27 February – 11 April.
"Stavka" reinforced the Transcaucasian Front with nine rifle divisions. Soviet engineers built an ice road across the f... | 6,124,238 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Sea Fleet falling under its operational command. Kozlov had little command experience beyond the regimental level and his staff was as inept. "Stavka" representative Lev Mekhlis arrived at the Crimean Front HQ in late January and introduced his own ideas into the planning stage. Stalin and... | 6,124,239 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Stalin's demand unrealistic. On 27 February Kozlov finally had available for his operation the required 93,804 troops, 1,195 guns and mortars, 125 anti-tank guns, 194 tanks and 200 aircraft. These forces were assembled in nine rifle divisions at the front along with numerous tank brigades ... | 6,124,240 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
First Offensive, 27 February – 3 March.
The 51st Army planned to attack in the north on 27 February across a flat, 80-square kilometer plain dotted only by a handful of small villages. The Germans fortified the villages of Tulumchak, Korpech’, and Koi-Asan. The German 46th and 132nd Infan... | 6,124,241 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
with augmented artillery fires. Mattenklott made the mistake of putting the Romanian 18th Infantry Regiment into a difficult and exposed position in a salient on the northern part of the line. The Soviet planners, led by Tolbukhin, failed to account for the warm weather that turned the ter... | 6,124,242 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
open terrain provided no cover for the Red Army soldiers, who were systematically killed and wounded in great numbers by incessant German artillery strikes. The heavy Soviet KV-1s sank into the mud and could not get forward. Vehicles were also stuck and Soviet artillery shells had to be ca... | 6,124,243 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
supported by 100 Air Force of the Crimean Front sorties that day, while the Luftwaffe flew only three sorties in the area. After a five-kilometer Soviet penetration, Gruppe Hitzfeld sealed off the attack with artillery, anti-tank and machine-gun fire. Strongpoint Korpech’ remained in Germa... | 6,124,244 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Division made a small penetration and captured Kiet hamlet, threatening to outflank all of 11th Army. Hitzfeld counterattacked and retook Kiet, stabilizing the line. The Soviet attack against the Romanians continued on 1 March until it was stopped by the arrival of the German 170th Infantr... | 6,124,245 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
German strongpoint at Koi-Asan, held by IR 42 and 72 in the junction between XXXXII and XXX Corps was the pivot of Manstein's defense and its control allowed the Germans to feed reserves into the north with little difficulty. Kozlov directed two rifle divisions, three tank brigades and a t... | 6,124,246 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Soviet Air Forces bombed and destroyed a 23-ton ammunition dump at Vladislavovka. The Soviets called off their attack on 3 March. Kozlov's big push failed and from 27 February he suffered extremely heavy losses of infantry and tanks, including 28 KV-1s. He had gained an exposed salient, wh... | 6,124,247 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
against it. The 44th Army would launch a significant feint attack on the 132nd Infantry Division along the coast. Kozlov had 224 tanks, but on Mekhlis' recommendation he decided to share them between the rifle divisions instead of massing them in a strike force. Stalin reinforced the Air F... | 6,124,248 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
IIIs and anti-tank guns. Lieutenant Johann Spielmann's StuG III destroyed 14 T-34s in one day while Fritz Schrödel's StuG III destroyed eight Soviet tanks, of which two were KV-1s. Soviet tank losses were large, with 157 tanks destroyed in three days. The 56th Tank Brigade lost 88 tanks. T... | 6,124,249 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
success. II./JG 77, a German fighter wing, arrived in the Crimea after refitting and began to weaken Soviet air superiority. The 60-ton ammunition dump at Vladislavovka was again blown up by Soviet bombers.
### German counterattack, 20 March.
The 22nd Panzer Division was a fresh German a... | 6,124,250 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
another lost cohesion in the fog. The Soviet 55th Tank Brigade blocked the road to Korpech’ with a battalion of T-26s and four KV-1s. A battalion of Regiment 204 lost 40% of its tanks destroyed or damaged after running into a concentration of Soviet 45 mm anti-tank guns. After three hours ... | 6,124,251 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
did succeed in disrupting the Soviet attack preparations.
### Third Offensive, 26 March.
Kozlov's third drive on Koi-Asan began after a week of replacements, restocking and reinforcements; it was a smaller operation conducted by the 390th Rifle Division and 143rd Rifle Brigade of the 51s... | 6,124,252 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
9 April – 11 April.
Mounting "Luftwaffe" air superiority began to tell as Kerch port came under heavy and sustained German air attack, constraining the buildup of Soviet armor and artillery. Mekhlis demanded that massed tank attacks be made against the unbroken German lines. Manstein rece... | 6,124,253 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
losses, Kozlov called off his fourth and as it turned out, final offensive. He withdrew back to his February starting positions by 15 April. The Crimean Front was now heavily weighted toward its right flank – 51st Army – leaving the 44th Army on the left depleted and the 47th Army in reser... | 6,124,254 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
during the period. The offensives cost the Crimean Front 40% of its manpower, 52% of its tanks and 25% of its artillery. Axis 11th Army casualties from January to April 1942 were far fewer at 24,120 men. The result was an unbalanced loss ratio of 14–1. Insufficient artillery and air suppor... | 6,124,255 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
decide the campaign.
## Luftwaffe anti-shipping operations.
To slow the Soviet build-up, Alexander Löhr's "Luftflotte" 4 was sent to the region to interdict shipping. The 7,500-ton transport "Emba" was severely damaged on 29 January, but the "Luftwaffe" failed to prevent the transport of... | 6,124,256 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
"T410" brought in 650 and evacuated 152. On 17 February, the transport "Byelostok" brought in 871 men. The Black Sea Fleet regularly shelled German positions on the coast. The "Luftwaffe" increased its pressure, dispatching KG 27, KG 55, and KG 100 to bomb the ports at Anapa, Tuapse, and N... | 6,124,257 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
fuel. It was withdrawn to the port of Novorossiysk where it was crippled by Ju 88s of KG 51 on 13 March. On 18 March, KG 51 Ju 88s sank the 3,689-ton transport "Georgiy Dimitrov". Further damage was done on 23 March when nine Ju 88s of KG 51 sank the minelayers "Ostrovskiy" and "GS-13" and... | 6,124,258 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
and sunk. So great was the loss of shipping that Soviet land forces were ordered to cease all offensive operations to conserve supplies. In the eight-week air offensive, from early February to the end of March, the Black Sea Transport Fleet had been reduced from 43,200 tons of shipping to ... | 6,124,259 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
to supply the Soviet forces in Sevastopol was severely curtailed.
## Operation Bustard Hunt, 8 May – 19 May.
The Germans launched Operation "Trappenjagd" on 8 May 1942. ("Trappenjagd" is a German compound noun meaning "bustard hunt".) Prior to the offensive, the "Luftwaffe" succeeded in ... | 6,124,260 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
all forces to assume a defensive posture. He also refused to send more reinforcements. Mixed in with this order, was a limited offensive operation against German lines to improve the defenders' tactical positions. Instead of preparing for a defense against the impending German offensive, t... | 6,124,261 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
Kozlov did not expect a major attack as he outnumbered the Germans two to one. Moreover, on the southern front, he had swampy terrain which made it an unfavorable place for offensive operations. Although the Soviets constructed an anti-tank ditch that ran the entire length of the Parpach N... | 6,124,262 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
strong air support. "Fliegerkorps" VIII under the command of Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen was sent to support the assault. The unit was the best equipped close air support corps in the "Luftwaffe". To bolster its strength, it was given the experienced KG 55 medium bomber wing. Richthofe... | 6,124,263 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
them delivered by the end of April. By 8 May, he had 800 aircraft under his command in the Crimea and Soviet air superiority in the area had collapsed. The limited Soviet air reconnaissance failed to spot this buildup.
To maximize surprise, Manstein selected the swampy terrain held by the... | 6,124,264 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
new 7.5 cm KwK 40 gun, two batteries of 8.8 cm Flak and ample combat engineer support. Only one German infantry division and the Romanians were in the north, while the rest were under Fretter-Pico's command.
"Trappenjagd" began at 04:15 on 8 May. "Fliegerkorps" VIII operating under "Luftf... | 6,124,265 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
a counter offensive and the 44th Army collapsed into a retreat when Manstein launched the ground attack. Manstein had five infantry divisions, the 22nd Panzer Division, and two and a half Romanian divisions against 19 Soviet divisions and four armoured brigades at Kerch. The 902nd Assault ... | 6,124,266 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
44th Army was broken. "Stukas", Henschel Hs 129s, Ju 88s and He 111s raked the Soviet positions, paving a smooth road for the German ground forces. Soviet field fortifications were neutralized by "Fliegerkorps" VIII's close air support and air interdiction capabilities. The 44th Army's 157... | 6,124,267 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
129 Bs showed up and destroyed the attacking Soviet tanks. An estimated 48 Soviet tanks were knocked out, including all seven KV-1. On the first day, XXX Corps, attacking with the 28th, 50th and 132nd Divisions broke through in the south. At a cost of 104 killed and 284 wounded, they captu... | 6,124,268 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
and trapped the 51st Army against the Sea of Azov on mid-day 10 May. Confused Soviet counterattacks near Arma-Eli were blasted apart by German close air support and infantry-armor teams. The remaining combat-capable Soviet armor was eliminated by German airpower on 9 May and 25 Soviet airc... | 6,124,269 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
a stampede to the rear areas began. Once this happened, the eight divisions of the 51st Army surrendered on 11 May, releasing XXX Corps to pursue the fragments of retreating Soviet forces to Marfovka, barely eight miles from Kerch. The motorized "ad-hoc" Groddeck brigade reached the Marfov... | 6,124,270 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
his combat units to support the German 6th Army at the Second Battle of Kharkov. The number of flown missions was reduced accordingly; from 1,500 to 2,000 sorties per day prior to the redeployment to between 300 and 800 to the end of the Kerch operation. Richthofen described his bombing op... | 6,124,271 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
bombs (SD-2) were devastating to Soviet infantry. German bombers also attacked shipping evacuating personnel from Kerch. Three transports with 900 wounded aboard were sunk, along with a gunboat, six patrol boats and other small craft. The 1,048-ton "Chernomorets" was sunk the same day. By ... | 6,124,272 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
forces on 20 May, when the last pocket of Soviet resistance south of Kerch was destroyed.
# Aftermath.
Manstein destroyed three Soviet armies, wiping out nine Soviet divisions and reduced nine more to ineffective remnants. Although forced to return several "Luftwaffe" units and the 22nd ... | 6,124,273 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
offensive and defeat their counterattacks. Three Soviet armies either surrendered within four days, or were heavily mauled by Richthofen's "VIII. Fliegerkorps" while retreating.
## Casualties.
In the 11 days of Operation Bustard Hunt, "Fliegerkorps" VIII lost 37 aircraft. At the same tim... | 6,124,274 |
7541477 | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Kerch%20Peninsula | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula
included a large number of civilians. German casualties amounted to only 7,588 men in XXX and XLII Corps, including 1,703 killed or missing. They expended 6230 tons of ammunition, losing nine artillery pieces, three assault guns and 8–12 tanks.
Several groups of Soviet survivors refused t... | 6,124,275 |
7542018 | Cestica | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cestica | Cestica
Cestica
Cestica is a village and municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin County. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,678 inhabitants, the majority of whom are Croats. | 6,124,276 |
7542014 | Sun Modular Datacenter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun%20Modular%20Datacenter | Sun Modular Datacenter
Sun Modular Datacenter
Sun Modular Datacenter (Sun MD, known in the prototype phase as Project Blackbox) is a portable data center built into a standard 20-foot intermodal container (shipping container) manufactured and marketed by Sun Microsystems (acquired in 2010 by Oracle Corporation). An ex... | 6,124,277 |
7542014 | Sun Modular Datacenter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun%20Modular%20Datacenter | Sun Modular Datacenter
center.
# History.
The prototype was first announced as "Project Blackbox" in October 2006; the official product was announced in January 2008.
A Project Blackbox with 1088 Advanced Micro Devices Opteron processors ranked #412 on the June 2007 TOP500 list.
# Customers.
On 14 July 2007, the S... | 6,124,278 |
7542014 | Sun Modular Datacenter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun%20Modular%20Datacenter | Sun Modular Datacenter
ne 2007 TOP500 list.
# Customers.
On 14 July 2007, the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) deployed a Sun MD containing 252 Sun Fire X2200 compute nodes as a compute farm. Other customers include Radboud University.
In March 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its digital archive into ... | 6,124,279 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
The Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) (), founded in 2002, was established as a local registered charity involved in the promotion of the well-being of the community, animals and environment. The Jane Goodall Institute Hong Kong is one of the Asian... | 6,124,280 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
and training on issues related to human relationships with one another, the environment, as well as other animals.
- 3. To expand non-invasive research programmes on chimpanzees and other primates.
- 4. To promote activities to ensure the well-being of chimpanzees, other primates an... | 6,124,281 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
to reveal specifically the individuals or organisations which have contributed to the funding.
# Comparison with other environmental organisations.
In terms of mission, the Jane Goodall Institute has perhaps the most similar to that of WWF Hong Kong, as both organisations feature ba... | 6,124,282 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
conservation, setting themselves apart from the Jane Goodall Institute. The Animals Asia Foundation has the most straightforward objective, as it aims to conserve animals exclusively. On the other hand, Green Power and the Jane Goodall Institute stress more on environmental education.... | 6,124,283 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
Goodall Institute.
It is the agenda of the programme to implement positive changes through education. Its objectives are to interact with the environment, to demonstrate care and compassion for animals and all lifeforms, to establish a better understanding among different cultures, e... | 6,124,284 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
or any new growth on an already existing plant.
A deeper connotation of Roots & Shoots is:
- roots lead to a strong and firm foundation
- shoots seem infinitesimal in their unending pursuit of sunlight.
By bonding, they can break through the brick walls, a metaphorical representat... | 6,124,285 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
they returned to school and began to look for like-minded students to realise their goals. The Roots & Shoots programme was then born. Now there are more than 4500 groups around the world in over 70 countries, including more than 7 countries in Asia, such as Hong Kong, China, Japan, T... | 6,124,286 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
and land pollutions in Hong Kong. The group also aims to help solve these problems by raising funds.
- Human impact on the environment
The Guardians of the Earth aims to investigate how humans are affecting their natural environment. They started their projects by observing man-made... | 6,124,287 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
and Shoots members from various schools and communities joined hands at the Beach Cleaning Day at Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park. They also organized a Chinese white dolphin boat trip.
- Care for Hong Kong's community and environment
Roots and Shoots members joined some scout ... | 6,124,288 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
local primary and secondary schools, such as the Hong Kong International School, Hong Kong's Victoria Shanghai Academy and Tack Ching Primary School.
## Voices from members worldwide.
“I attribute all my successes to Roots & Shoots. The program lifted me from nowhere and has put me ... | 6,124,289 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
Member, Shanghai Roots & Shoots
“It is thrilling for our group to know that by belonging to Roots & Shoots, we are connected to the rest of the world. Our actions have a direct impact in solving problems…Middle-class, suburban American families are very busy these days with work and ... | 6,124,290 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
3, 1934. As a child she was given a lifelike chimpanzee toy named Jubilee by her father, although friends believed it would scare her. Today, the toy still sits on her dresser in London. After the divorce of her parents when Goodall was only 12, she moved with her mother to Bournemout... | 6,124,291 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
and his wife, Mary Leakey, to dig at Olduvai Gorge. Eventually he asked Jane to study the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park (then known as Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve). She arrived at Gombe in July, 1960. Leakey arranged for Goodall to return to the UK where she earned a d... | 6,124,292 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which supports the Gombe research and is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. With 19 offices around the world, the Institute is widely recognized for innovative, community-centered conservation and deve... | 6,124,293 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
the bonobo, and the inclusion of both species along with the gorilla as Hominids.
One of Goodall's major contributions to the field of primatology was the discovery of tool making in chimpanzees. She discovered that some chimpanzees alter pieces of grass or twigs and then poke them i... | 6,124,294 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
to reconsider their definition of being human. Another characteristic of the chimpanzee that Goodall discovered was their cooperative hunting of red colobus monkeys.
Goodall also set herself apart from the traditional conventions of the time in her study of primates by naming the ani... | 6,124,295 |
7542008 | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane%20Goodall%20Institute%20(Hong%20Kong) | Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)
in Gombe were:
- David Greybeard, a grey-chinned male who first warmed up to Goodall.
- Goliath, a friend of David Greybeard, named for his bold nature.
- Mr. McGregor, a belligerent older male.
- Flo, a motherly female with a bulbous nose and ragged ears, and her children, Figan,... | 6,124,296 |
7542022 | Donja Voća | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donja%20Voća | Donja Voća
Donja Voća
Donja Voća is a municipality in Croatia in the Varaždin County. According to the 2011 census, there are 2,443 inhabitants.
The settlements are:
- Budinščak, population 109
- Donja Voća, population 1,059
- Fotez Breg, population 64
- Gornja Voća, population 571
- Jelovec Voćanski, population... | 6,124,297 |
7542015 | Adele Girard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adele%20Girard | Adele Girard
Adele Girard
Adele Beatrice Girard Marsala (June 25, 1913 – September 7, 1993) was a jazz harpist associated with dixieland and swing music. She is the first woman to bring the concert harp to prominence in jazz, with only Casper Reardon preceding her. As a musician she is known by her birth name Adele Gi... | 6,124,298 |
7542015 | Adele Girard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adele%20Girard | Adele Girard
and was offered a scholarship to La Scala in Italy, though she turned it down because she was unable to afford the trip. She taught both her children, Adele and Don, how to play piano. When she was four, Girard accompanied her uncles as they sang "K-K-K-Katie" and "Over There", songs from the First World W... | 6,124,299 |
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