wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
25046231 | Team service management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Team%20service%20management | Team service management
short period of time. The chunks or increments are subject to the PDCA cycle where the increment is first planned, then done, then checked, and then finally but most importantly the lessons learned the results achieved assessed so that the next increment the next/ subsequent PDCA cycles can be planned or re-planned to move most effectively to achieving the overall outcome for the Initiative.
Performance management to ensure that all the activities of each team are transparent and linked to the services delivered and the improvements needed. TSM ensures that work and performance of the team is recognised, recorded and analysed and acted upon. It ensures that resource use, and service effectiveness | 6,138,800 |
25046231 | Team service management | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Team%20service%20management | Team service management
e.
Performance management to ensure that all the activities of each team are transparent and linked to the services delivered and the improvements needed. TSM ensures that work and performance of the team is recognised, recorded and analysed and acted upon. It ensures that resource use, and service effectiveness are both recorded and that issues encountered in undertaking the work of the team are recorded and acted upon feeding in more improvement initiatives into the appropriate point of the TSM framework.
# See also.
Service managementbr
International Organization for Standardizationbr
Microsoft Operations Frameworkbr
Social groupbr
The Five Dysfunctions of a Teambr
Service economy | 6,138,801 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
Pseudonocardia
Pseudonocardia is the type genus of the bacteria family "Pseudonocardiaceae". Members of this genus have been found living mutualistically on the cuticle of the leafcutter ants because the bacteria has antibiotic properties that protect the fungus grown by the ants. When they are grooming, their legs are passed over their mouth gland (metapleural gland) that produces the antibiotic and then their legs touch the fungi while they are walking around. The ants have metapleural glands that produce the antimicrobial components to eliminate the "Escovopsis" fungi. The bacteria may also be found in crypts on the propleural plate. "Pseudonocardia" is found to have antibiotic properties | 6,138,802 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
provided to the leaf-cutter ant to inhibit the growth of "Escovopsis", which is a black yeast that parasitizes the leaf-cutter ant.
"Pseudonocardia" can be found in both aquatic (including marine) and terrestrial ecosystems. "Pseudonocardia" can be referred to as a "Actinobacteria." Most "Actinobacteria" grow in soils that are of a neutral pH. "Actinobacteria" are also important in plant-associated microbial communities are referred to as "free-living." This means that they are not dependent on another organism to live. For example: A non-free-living organism would be a parasite that depends on a host as a food source and a place for shelter. "Free-living" also allows these organisms to require | 6,138,803 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
less energy and food for survival. "Pseudonocardia" is a catalase-positive, non-motile, aerobic and a non-acid-fasting bacteria and produces a gram positive reaction. Under the microscope they exhibit branching, rod-shaped organisms.
br
There are many different strains of "Pseudonocardia" and a good portion of these strains have been found in China, in soils of the forest and in Eucalyptus trees of Australia.
# Species.
- Type species: "Pseudonocardia thermophila", Henssen, 1957 (approved lists 1980)
- "Pseudonocardia acaciae", Duangmal et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia adelaidensis" Kaewkla and Franco 2010 sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia ailaonensis", Qin et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia | 6,138,804 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
alaniniphila", (Xu et al. 1999) Huang et al. 2002, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia alni", (Evtushenko et al. 1989) Warwick et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans", Liu et al. 2006, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia antarctica", Prabahar et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia antitumoralis" Tian et al. 2013, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia artemisiae" Zhao et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica", Reichert et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia aurantiaca", (Xu et al. 1999) Huang et al. 2002, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia autotrophica", (Takamiya and Tubaki 1956) Warwick et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia babensis" Sakiyama et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia | 6,138,805 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
bannensis" corrig. Zhao et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia benzenivorans", Kämpfer and Kroppenstedt 2004, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia cypriaca" Sahin et al. 2014, sp. nov
- "Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans", Park et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans", Lee et al. 2004, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia compacta", Henssen et al. 1983, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans", Mahendra and Alvarez-Cohen 2005, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia endophytica", Chen et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia eucalypti" Kaewkla and Franco 2011, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia halophobica", (Akimov et al. 1989) McVeigh et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia hierapolitana" Sahin et al. | 6,138,806 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
2014, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia hispaniensis" Cuesta et al. 2013, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia hydrocarbonoxydans", (Nolof and Hirsch 1962) Warwick et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis" Ara et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia kunmingensis" Zhao et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia kongjuensis", Lee et al. 2001, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia mongoliensis" Ara et al. 2011, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia nantongensis" Xing et al. 2014, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia nematodicida" Liu et al. 2015, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia nitrificans", (ex Schatz et al. 1954) Warwick et al. 1994, nom. rev., comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia oroxyli", Gu et al. 2006, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia | 6,138,807 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
parietis", Schäfer et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia petroleophila", (Hirsch and Engel 1956) Warwick et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia rhizophila" Li et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia salamisensis" Sahin et al. 2014, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia saturnea", (Hirsch 1960) Warwick et al. 1994, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia sediminis" Zhang et al. 2014, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia seranimata" corrig. Zhao et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia sichuanensis" Qin et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia spinosa", Schäfer 1971, species.
- "Pseudonocardia spinosispora", Lee et al. 2002, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans", Reichert et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia | 6,138,808 |
25046357 | Pseudonocardia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudonocardia | Pseudonocardia
osispora", Lee et al. 2002, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans", Reichert et al. 1998, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia tetrahydrofuranoxydans", Kämpfer et al. 2006, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia tropica" Qin et al. 2010, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia xinjiangensis", (Xu et al. 1999) Huang et al. 2002, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia xishanensis" Zhao et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia yuanmonensis" corrig. Nie et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia yunnanensis", (Jiang et al. 1991) Huang et al. 2002, comb. nov.
- "Pseudonocardia zijingensis", Huang et al. 2002, sp. nov.
# External links.
- "Pseudonocardia" at Bac"Dive" - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
- Photo of Pseudonocardia | 6,138,809 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
Century of humiliation
The century of humiliation (), also known by permutations such as the hundred years of national humiliation, is how the period of intervention and imperialism by Western powers and Japan in China between 1839 and 1949 came to be called in China.
The term arose in 1915, in the atmosphere of rising Chinese nationalism opposing the Twenty-One Demands made by the Japanese government and their acceptance by Yuan Shikai, with the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party both subsequently popularizing the characterization.
# History.
The beginning of the Century of Humiliation is usually dated to the mid-19th century, on the eve of the First Opium War amidst widespread opium | 6,138,810 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
addiction and the political unraveling of Qing China that followed.
Major events cited as part of the Century of Humiliation include:
- Defeat in the First Opium War (1839–1842) by the United Kingdom
- The unequal treaties (in particular Nanking, Whampoa, Aigun and Shimonoseki)
- The Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)
- Defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860) and the sacking of the Old Summer Palace by British and French forces.
- Defeat in the Sino-French War (1884–1885) by France
- Defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) by Japan
- The Eight-Nation Alliance suppressing the Boxer uprising (1899–1901)
- British invasion of Tibet (1903–1904)
- The Twenty-One Demands (1915) by | 6,138,811 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
Japan
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931-1932)
- The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
In this period, China suffered major internal fragmentation, lost almost all of the wars it fought, and was often forced to give major concessions to the great powers in the subsequent treaties. In many cases, China was forced to pay large amounts of reparations, open up ports for trade, lease or cede territories (such as Outer Manchuria and Outer Northwest China to Russia, Jiaozhou Bay to Germany, Hong Kong to Great Britain, Zhanjiang to France, and Taiwan and Dalian to Japan) and make various other concessions of sovereignty to foreign "spheres of influence", following military defeats.
## End | 6,138,812 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
of humiliation.
When or whether the Century has ended has been open to different interpretations. Both Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong declared the end of the Century of Humiliation in the aftermath of World War II, with Chiang promoting his wartime resistance to Japanese rule and China's place among the Big Four in the victorious Allies in 1945, while Mao declared it with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Extraterritorial jurisdiction was abandoned by the United Kingdom and the United States in 1943. Chiang Kai-shek forced the French to hand over all their concessions back to China control after World War II.
The end of the Century was similarly declared in the | 6,138,813 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
repulsion of UN forces in the Korean War, the 1997 reunification with Hong Kong, the 1999 reunification with Macau, and even the hosting of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
# Implications.
The usage of the Century of Humiliation in the Chinese Communist Party's historiography and modern Chinese nationalism, with its focus on the "sovereignty and integrity of [Chinese] territory", has been invoked in incidents such as the US bombing of the Chinese Belgrade embassy, the Hainan Island incident, and protests for Tibetan independence along the 2008 Beijing Olympics torch relay. Some analysts have pointed to its use in deflecting foreign criticism of human rights abuses in China and domestic | 6,138,814 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
attention from issues of corruption, while bolstering its territorial claims and general economic and political rise.
# Criticism.
Jane E. Elliott criticized the allegation that China refused to modernize or was unable to defeat Western armies as simplistic, noting that China embarked on a massive military modernization in the late 1800s after several defeats, buying weapons from Western countries and manufacturing their own at arsenals, such as the Hanyang Arsenal during the Boxer Rebellion. In addition, Elliott questioned the claim that while Chinese society was traumatized by the Western victories, as many Chinese peasants (90% of the population at that time) living outside the concessions | 6,138,815 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
continued about their daily lives, uninterrupted and without any feeling of "humiliation".
Historians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against Westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that "China's nineteenth-century humiliations were strongly related to her weakness and failure at sea. At the start of the First Opium War, China had no unified navy and not a sense of how vulnerable she was to attack from the sea. British navy forces sailed and steamed wherever they wanted to go. In the Arrow War (1856–60), the Chinese had no | 6,138,816 |
25046128 | Century of humiliation | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Century%20of%20humiliation | Century of humiliation
to attack from the sea. British navy forces sailed and steamed wherever they wanted to go. In the Arrow War (1856–60), the Chinese had no way to prevent the Anglo-French navy expedition of 1860 from sailing into the Gulf of Zhili and landing as near as possible to Beijing. Meanwhile, new but not exactly modern Chinese armies suppressed the midcentury rebellions, bluffed Russia into a peaceful settlement of disputed frontiers in Central Asia, and defeated the French forces on land in the Sino-French War (1884–85). But the defeat at sea, and the resulting threat to steamship traffic to Taiwan, forced China to conclude peace on unfavorable terms."
# See also.
- Anti-Western sentiment in China | 6,138,817 |
25046359 | Botswana National Olympic Committee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana%20National%20Olympic%20Committee | Botswana National Olympic Committee
Botswana National Olympic Committee
Botswana National Olympic Committee is the National Olympic Committee representing Botswana. It is also the body responsible for Botswana's representation at the Commonwealth Games.
The Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC) has facilitated Botswana's participation at the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980 and the country has never missed an edition since then. Botswana recorded their best performance at the Summer Olympic Games in London in 2012, when Nijel Amos won the country their only medal to date; a silver medal.
While Botswana did not win any medal at the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010, the country performed exceptionally | 6,138,818 |
25046359 | Botswana National Olympic Committee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botswana%20National%20Olympic%20Committee | Botswana National Olympic Committee
al to date; a silver medal.
While Botswana did not win any medal at the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010, the country performed exceptionally well in the 2nd edition in Nanjing China, where they won two (2) silver medals, which performance was the fourth best by an African country at the Games.
The BNOC was behind Botswana's successful bid for the 2nd African Youth Games that the country hosted from 22 to 31 May 2014. The BNOC seconded a few of its staff members, including Chief Executive Tuelo Serufho to the Organising Committee of the 2nd African Youth Games that were known as Gaborone 2014.
# See also.
- Botswana at the Olympics
# External links.
- Official website | 6,138,819 |
25046379 | Covert Historic District | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Covert%20Historic%20District | Covert Historic District
Covert Historic District
Covert Historic District is a national historic district located at Covert in Seneca County, New York. The district includes 21 properties located in the hamlet of Covert. The district is primarily residential and structures represent a variety of functions and styles spanning the period from 1810 to 1920. The earliest structure was built as a tavern and it also includes the Town Hall, First Baptist Church (and cemetery), a modest schoolhouse, and Grange Meeting Hall.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. | 6,138,820 |
25046059 | Children's Christmas Parade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children's%20Christmas%20Parade | Children's Christmas Parade
Children's Christmas Parade
The Children's Christmas Parade is a major Christmas parade held to benefit Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Beginning in 1981 with Egleston Children’s Hospital (which later merged with Scottish Rite Children's Hospital), it is held on the first Saturday in December, which is also the second weekend after Thanksgiving. 2011 Nielsen estimates of TV viewing audience and crowd attendance together exceeds 500,000. With floats, giant helium-filled balloons and marching bands, the Children's Christmas Parade is the largest holiday parade in the Southeast. The parade is free to the public, but bleacher seats can be purchased on the CHoA website.
It is aired live from 10:30 | 6,138,821 |
25046059 | Children's Christmas Parade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children's%20Christmas%20Parade | Children's Christmas Parade
AM EST until noon on WSB-TV 2.1 in HDTV, previously after a half-hour pre-show (until 2010) about the children at the hospital. It is re-run again on Christmas Day. Parade sponsors include Wells Fargo, Macy's, Geico, Coca-Cola, SunTrust, Fidelity Bank, Georgia's Own Credit Union, Aarons, Publix, KidsRKids, Ringling Bros, Atlanta Peach Movers, Foresters Insurance, and Southwest Airlines. In its earliest years, it was sponsored by Davison's, one of the three major regional department stores based in Atlanta until they were eliminated by Macy's.
The parade is preceded by Breakfast with Santa, featuring a buffet breakfast with Mr. and Mrs. Claus and an array of cartoon characters and mascots in | 6,138,822 |
25046059 | Children's Christmas Parade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children's%20Christmas%20Parade | Children's Christmas Parade
live form. Previously at the Hyatt Regency, it is now hosted at the W Hotel Atlanta Midtown.
The SEC Championship football game takes place later that afternoon in the Georgia Dome, though the two are not related like the Peach Bowl and Peach Bowl Parade later in the month.
# Parade route.
For much of the parade's history, it began at Peachtree Street near Baker Street in downtown Atlanta. The route followed Atlanta's famed Peachtree Street southward before turning right onto Marietta Street at Five Points. The parade then turned left ending near the entrance to Centennial Olympic Park. This route took it by the 1927 Davison's (later overtaken by Macy's) building at 200 Peachtree.
In 2013, | 6,138,823 |
25046059 | Children's Christmas Parade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children's%20Christmas%20Parade | Children's Christmas Parade
organizers announced the Children's Christmas Parade would be moving from downtown to Midtown to make way for construction of the new Atlanta Streetcar. The new parade route ("shown left") will start at Peachtree Street and 16th Street, in front of the High Museum of Art, and continue for , ending at Peachtree Street and 5th Street.
# Festival of Trees.
The parade also served as the opening event for the nine-day Festival of Trees, also benefiting CHoA, and originally held at the Georgia World Congress Center.
Even though the Festival of Trees left its longtime home in 2007, the Children's Christmas Parade remained in downtown Atlanta continuing a nearly three-decade Atlanta tradition. The | 6,138,824 |
25046059 | Children's Christmas Parade | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children's%20Christmas%20Parade | Children's Christmas Parade
Street.
# Festival of Trees.
The parade also served as the opening event for the nine-day Festival of Trees, also benefiting CHoA, and originally held at the Georgia World Congress Center.
Even though the Festival of Trees left its longtime home in 2007, the Children's Christmas Parade remained in downtown Atlanta continuing a nearly three-decade Atlanta tradition. The festival, which started in 1979, was canceled in 2009, after having been drastically reduced in previous years. In 2008, the "festival" was a gala hosted by the Savannah College of Art and Design satellite campus in Atlanta.
# External links.
- Official Children's Christmas Parade site
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta | 6,138,825 |
25046380 | Gregor Bermbach | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregor%20Bermbach | Gregor Bermbach
Gregor Bermbach
Gregor Bermbach (born 17 February 1981) is a German bobsledder who has competed since 2006. He has two World Cup victories in the four-man events during the 2008–09 season.
At the FIBT World Championships 2009 in Lake Placid, New York, Bermbach finished ninth in the two-man event while crashing out in the first run of the four-man event.
Bermach finished seventh in the four-man event and ninth in the two-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. | 6,138,826 |
25046364 | Serge Brunier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge%20Brunier | Serge Brunier
Serge Brunier
Serge Brunier (born 1958 in Paris) is a French photographer, reporter, and writer who has specialized in popular depictions of astronomical subjects.
# Work and Target.
Brunier works together with the magazine Science et Vie and is a columnist of the radio station France Info. He has written a large number of illustrated works regarding astronomy.
He campaigns for an exploration of the Solar System through unmanned spacecrafts, but fights against crewed spaceflight.
In his illustrated book "Solar System Voyage", he describes the situations on the planets, and how a hypothetical voyager would experience them.
Brunier created a panoramic photograph of the Milky Way in the Atacama | 6,138,827 |
25046364 | Serge Brunier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge%20Brunier | Serge Brunier
desert over two years; it was shown at his first exposition in the Monte Carlo Casino in 2006, and in 2007 at the Palais de la Découverte in Paris with its one hundred million pixels fit onto 144 square meters.
The International Astronomical Union has named the asteroid 10943 after Brunier in recognition of his services in the advancement of science.
## "The Concise Atlas of the Stars".
Published in 2005 at Firefly Books Ltd., Brunier's "Concise Atlas of the Stars" helps to identify specific stars, nebulas, and galaxies by large photographs and transparent overlays, in particular of the most important constellations. It informs about location, luminosity, and dimensions as well as about when | 6,138,828 |
25046364 | Serge Brunier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge%20Brunier | Serge Brunier
a specific object of the night sky can best be observed.
# Decorations.
- 1986 Prix Montyon (for "Architecture de l'Univers")
- 1994 Henri Rey Prize (through the Societé Astronomique de France)
- 1997 French prize for the best astronomical book of the year
- 2007 French prize for the best astronomical book of the year
# Works.
- "Nébuleuses et galaxies, atlas du ciel profond". Dunod, 1981
- "Les Planètes". Bordas, Paris 1982 (with André de Clayeux)
- "Architecture de l'Univers". Bordas, Paris 1985
- "Astronomie du ciel profond". Dunod, 1988
- "Éclipses – Les rendez-vous célestes". Bordas, Paris 1999 (with Jean-Pierre Luminet)
- "Voyage dans le système solaire". Bordas, Paris 2000
- | 6,138,829 |
25046364 | Serge Brunier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge%20Brunier | Serge Brunier
"Le grand atlas des étoiles". Bordas, Paris 2001
- "Les grands observatoires du monde". Bordas, Paris 2002 (with Anne-Marie Lagrange)
- "Le grand atlas de la Lune". Éditions Larousse, Paris 2004 (with Thierry Legault)
- "Atacama – Désert d'altitude". Nathan, Paris 2004
- "Observer Mars", Éditions Larousse, Paris 2005
- "Impasse de l'espace – À quoi servent les astronautes". Éditions du Seuil, 2006
- "Voyage dans l'infini du ciel étoilé ". Nathan, Paris 2006
## In English.
- "Solar System Voyage." Cambridge University Press
- "The Great Atlas of the Stars" (2001)
- "The Concise Atlas of the Stars" (2005)
- "New Atlas of the Moon" (with Thierry Legault)
- "Great Observatories of the | 6,138,830 |
25046364 | Serge Brunier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge%20Brunier | Serge Brunier
ace – À quoi servent les astronautes". Éditions du Seuil, 2006
- "Voyage dans l'infini du ciel étoilé ". Nathan, Paris 2006
## In English.
- "Solar System Voyage." Cambridge University Press
- "The Great Atlas of the Stars" (2001)
- "The Concise Atlas of the Stars" (2005)
- "New Atlas of the Moon" (with Thierry Legault)
- "Great Observatories of the World" (with Anne-Marie Lagrange)
- "Glorious Eclipses: Their Past, Present, and Future." Cambridge University Press (with Jean-Pierre Luminet, Storm Dunlop)
- "Space Odyssey. The First Forty Years of Space Exploration"
- "Majestic Universe. Views from Here to Infinity." Cambridge University Press
# External links.
- Brunier`s Website | 6,138,831 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
Vainakh tower architecture
The so-called Vainakh tower architecture (, ) is a characteristic feature of medieval architecture of Chechenya and Ingushetia, north-eastern Georgia (aka Georgian Mountains area) as well conceptually similar Svan towers. Some towers were used as dwellings, others had a military purpose; some combined both functions.
# History.
Similar dwellings were built in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC by the Hurrians and Urartians,
According to a Roman author of the 1st century BC, the people of Colchis on the west shores of the Black Sea lived in log towers with square foundation, tapering walls and pyramidal roofs. The invariably square floorplan of the Nakh towers contrasts | 6,138,832 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
with the round towers built by peoples south of the Caucasus.
The oldest fortifications in the North Caucasus date from the 3rd millennium BC. The oldest remains of buildings with the characteristics of Vainakh towers date from the 1st century AD, and can already be distinguished into residential and military types. Construction greatly increased in the 12th and 13th centuries.
Vainakh tower architecture and construction techniques reached their peak in the 15th–17th centuries.
# General features.
Typical Vainakh towers were built on a square base, ranging from 6 to 12 m wide and 10 to 25 m high, depending on the function. The walls were built of stone blocks, possibly with lime, clay-lime, | 6,138,833 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
or lime-sand mortar. The walls were inclined inwards and their thickness decreased on higher floors. The towers were built on hard rock.
Vainakh towers used to be sparingly decorated with religious or good-wishing petrographs, such as solar signs or depictions of the author’s hands, animals, etc.. Defensive towers often bore a Golgopha cross.
The construction of a tower, whether residential or military, was accompanied by rituals. Songs and folk tales emphasise the role of the "master builder", who, according to tradition, would direct a group of assistants who did the actual work. Some of these masters had their names preserved—such as Diskhi, associated in the local tradition to the military | 6,138,834 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
tower of Vougi. Some Chechen villages, such as Bavloi, specialized in tower building. Legends ascribe to the master builder the honourable and extremely dangerous task of erecting the "tsIurku" stone that topped the step pyramidal roof of a military tower. A ladder was tied to a machicolation on the outside for the master to reach the roof. It cost many masters their life. In case of success, the client gave the master a bull. The construction of a family tower cost the household 50 to 60 cows.
Ivan Shcheblykin claimed that the tower builders did not need any scaffolding, and many researchers make that assumption. However, he may have meant that they used no scaffolding "on the outside".
Cornerstones | 6,138,835 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
were included in the design, to join the walls together and to support the higher floors. Interior scaffolds used in erecting the walls probably rested on those cornerstones, in which corbels were made for the purpose. Stones and beams were lifted with a windlass known as "chIagIarg" or "zerazak". Large stones—some weighing several tonnes—were brought to the site by oxdriven sleds. The builders used many stonedressing tools—the "berg" (pick), the "varzap" (a large hammer), the "jau" (a small hammer), the "daam" (chisel), etc. Mortar was made on the site. Sand or clay was admixed to it in localities where lime was expensive. One of the master builder's most critical tasks was to estimate the | 6,138,836 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
proper amount of mortar to ensure the seismic resistance of the tower. Joints between stones were filled in with limewash for rain not to damage mortar.
# Residential towers.
Residential towers were family dwellings, which have been compared to structures seen in prehistoric mountain settlements dating back to 8000 BC.
The classic residential tower is a massive building, two to four stories high, with tapering walls and a flat shale roof. The floorplan is usually rectangular, measuring 8–10 by 8–12 meters. The tower tapered due to the walls getting thinner to the top, and due to their inward inclination. The thickness of the walls varies in different structures from 1.2–0.9 m at the bottom | 6,138,837 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
to 0.7–0.5 m at the top.
The walls were made of stones of varying sizes (blocks or slabs, depending on the local stone), carefully dressed on the outside, with lime or clay-lime mortar and chip stone. Dry masonry was seldom used. Large stone blocks, sometimes weighing several tons, were used in the foundation and the ground-floor walls.
The towers had a central pillar, also of thoroughly dressed stone blocks, which supported the ceiling rafters. Purlines rested on pilasters or cornerstones, and common rafters, in their turn, rested on the purlines. The upper floors consisted of wood sticks resting on the rafters, coated with punned clay. The ground floor was paved with boards or stone slabs.
Besides | 6,138,838 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
its structural function, the central pillar ("erd-bogIam") had symbolic and religious significance in Vainakh culture, since ancient times.
The two lower stories of a residential tower were intended for livestock. Cattle and horses were usually sheltered in the ground floor, part of which was fenced off for grain storage. Some towers had pits on the ground floor for that purpose, with stone-lined walls and bottom.
In towers with four stories, the first floor above ground was typically used to shelter sheep and goats. It had a separate entrance, reached by a log ramp.
The family lived in the second floor above ground (or in the first, in three-story towers). The family possessions—carpets, | 6,138,839 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
dishes, kitchen utensils, clothes, etc.—were kept there, in tin-lined wooden chests or on wooden shelves along the walls. The older towers had no wardrobes; instead, clothes were hung on metal hooks. Other towers had niches on the walls for that purpose. There was usually an arrangement of weaponry on the wall above the master bed. It was a dire necessity in wartime, and mere tradition in peace.
## Military towers.
A majority of the military ("combat") towers in the Chechen mountains functioned both as watchtowers and as signalling beacons. Some served as fortified guard posts, or as safe shelters for one or two families, which lived in nearby residential towers, against raids. In some places, | 6,138,840 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
such as at Mount Bekhaila, several towers were enclosed in a common wall to create a small fortress. Construction of military towers began in the 10th and 11th centuries, and peaked between the 14th and the 17th centuries. Chechen and Ingush military towers are fairly similar, differing only in size and the construction time. Depending on their age, they differ also in the sophistication of construction techniques and stone dressing, and in the grace of form.
Combat towers were generally taller but narrower than residential ones: 20–25 meters high or more, with four of five floors and a square base 5–6 meters wide. They were built of dressed stone with lime or lime-sand mortar.
They had blank | 6,138,841 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
walls, cut only by embrasures and observation slits, on the most vulnerable side. There were no wooden parts on the tower exterior lest besiegers put them on fire. Doors and windows were on the side hardest of access. In some cases it is hard to believe that the defenders themselves could enter the tower. The entrance door was on the second floor, accessed through a ladder. The defenders fired at the enemy through loopholes and the top of the tower had "machicolations"–overhanging small balconies without a floor. Defensive towers were usually crowned with pyramid-shaped roofing built in steps and topping with a sharpened capstone.
Beacon towers were erected on the top of cliffs to make them | 6,138,842 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
hard of access. The shape, size and site of a beacon was chosen so as to guarantee visual connection with the nearest beacons. Watchtowers were often built in strategic locations to control key bridges, roads and mountain passes. They were built near to a river, brook or spring, so that water could be brought into the tower through a concealed water duct.
The ground floor ceiling of the later, 15th–17th century towers was a false vault, known as nartol tkhov, with two intercrossing rows of reinforcing ribs.
Special attention was paid to the dressing and finishing of the keystones at the top of doors and windows, called "kurtulg" ("proud stone"). They bore the name of the owner, and were frequently | 6,138,843 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
decorated with petroglyphs.
Researchers differ in the functions of the various floors. Some assume that the ground floor was used for livestock, while others say it was a prison for captives. Actually it seems that the ground floor was filled in with stone and earth to reinforce the tower bottom against ramming.
Chechen legends connected to certain towers claim that ancient heroes lived in them. These legends are probably wrong, since the interior of such towers is not adequate for prolonged dwelling.
The classical combat tower was not intended to withstand long sieges. Tower defenders had only a small stock of food and extremely limited arsenals, be
it arrows, stone missiles or powder and | 6,138,844 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
shot in later times. Due to their small size, a watchtower or a beacon could house four to six on outsentry duty.
All combat tower stories were equipped for observation and fighting.
Chechen and Ingush combat towers divide in three basic groups according to the type of roof:
- Flat roof towers
- Flat roof towers crenellated on the corners
- Step pyramidal roof towers
## Mixed function towers.
In the 13th–14th centuries, increased danger of aggression in certain parts of the Chechen mountains let to the reinforcement of residential towers. The result were buildings that combined the functions of residential and defensive towers; they were smaller in size than the former, but a bit wider | 6,138,845 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
than the latter. Like the military towers, they had loopholes and "machicolations" (mâchicoulis).
One typical tower had five stories, and three doors in the façade—one on each of the first three floors. It has machicolations for archers on the top floor. The tower's ground-level floorplan measures 8.0 х 9.0 m, and the building is 11 metres tall. The ground floor wall is 75 centimetres thick.
These mixed-function towers are rare in the Chechen highland, probably because tower complexes and castles had become widespread by the time this concept appeared. Whereas a tower had space for only a few cows and horses, a castle could shelter to the entire livestock in wartime.
# See also.
- San Gimignano
- | 6,138,846 |
25046338 | Vainakh tower architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vainakh%20tower%20architecture | Vainakh tower architecture
the façade—one on each of the first three floors. It has machicolations for archers on the top floor. The tower's ground-level floorplan measures 8.0 х 9.0 m, and the building is 11 metres tall. The ground floor wall is 75 centimetres thick.
These mixed-function towers are rare in the Chechen highland, probably because tower complexes and castles had become widespread by the time this concept appeared. Whereas a tower had space for only a few cows and horses, a castle could shelter to the entire livestock in wartime.
# See also.
- San Gimignano
- Tower house
- Khevsureti, Tusheti, Ananuri
- Svanetia in Georgia: Svan towers
- Tower houses in the Balkans
- Nuraghi
- Irish round tower | 6,138,847 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
Prophet Joseph (TV series)
Prophet Joseph () is a 2008 Iranian television TV series directed by Farajollah Salahshoor, which tells the story of Prophet Joseph from the Quran and Islamic traditions. It is also set in the historical context of the Amarna period of ancient Egypt.
# Series description.
Prophet Joseph is a Persian-language Iranian mini-series originally broadcast in 2008, which tells the story of prophet Yusuf (or Joseph) according to the Islamic tradition. Realistic depictions of everyday life are represented. Each episode in the series begins with a poly-phonic recitation of the first four verses (ayah) of the chapter (surah) on Yusuf.
The 45 episodes of the series are replete | 6,138,848 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
with themes on filial love, personal journey through life (within family and on one's own), personal character, submission, prayer, prophethood, idolatry, monotheism, loyalty, betrayal, carnal desires, nature of various kinds of love, separation, abandonment, slavery, social organizations at various levels, nature of political authority, governance, strategy, various ideologies (and their implications), anticipation, and finally, forgiveness and salvation.
The movie meanders through the existential lives of three principal characters (Yusuf, Zuleikha and Ya'qub) with dozens of other major and minor characters.
The story in the series starts in the south of Babylon, in the second millennium | 6,138,849 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
BC, depicting Ya'qub's battle against idolatry (of Ishtar) in Mesopotamia and the miraculous birth of Yusuf.
# Production.
The 16-DVD distribution from Soroush.tv contains a bonus, last DVD describing the making of the movie, including interviews with many of the production crew and a number of assistants to the director.
In this DVD and subsequent interviews, the director, Farajollah Salahshoor, gives his production account, as follows:
- The preparation of the script took between three to four years.
- The first conceptual draft of about 27 pages ended up in a final scene plan and script draft running about 5000 pages long.
- Besides the sources available in Persian, hundreds of pages | 6,138,850 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
were translated from Arabic and English.
- The movie set was spread over three mock cities built in space of about 35,000 square meters.
- In these sources, Salahshour emphasized that without such a concerted effort on completing the script, making the movie within the budget would have been impossible. The writing crew included the director, a head of research with multiple assistants and an artistic adviser. Upon completion, the script was also reviewed by a 5-person committee composed of experts in the arts as well as production crew to ensure quality.
- About 3000 actors were tested and 200 were selected. The selection involved team work.
- Every team included consultants and leads. | 6,138,851 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
Consultants played a constructive role.
- The movie was made with more than 1000 clothing elements and 10 trucks of accessories.
Salahshoor describes his reasons for making the movie in an interview with a Shia TV station, with a concurrent translation into English.
# Distribution.
The series, dubbed in English, can be viewed on Iran's iFilm movie network.
The original series, in Persian, can also be obtained in a 16-DVD, two-box set from its official distributor, Soroush Multimedia Company of Iran, Soroush.tv. First 15 DVDs contain 3 episodes each. Last DVD contains 3 episodes on the making of the series.
# Available Languages.
The movie was filmed in Persian. The Persian is of the classical | 6,138,852 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
"Dastoori" kind (as opposed to the shortened and inflected vernacular). Dastoori Persian has been used in Persian poetry and prose since around the 10th century.
It has been dubbed into Arabic in Al-Kawthar TV and there is also another version with English subtitles, which has been and is currently being broadcast on IRIB.
An Azerbaijani dubbed version licensed by CineSalam Production aired on Space TV.
In 2011, Televizija Sarajevo added subtitles in Bosnian. It is currently aired on TVSA, as well as NTVIC Kakanj (mostly during the holy month of Ramadan on a yearly basis).
In Pakistan, there is an Urdu dubbing available. Its Hindi-Urdu dubbed version named "Prophet Yousuf" was telecast in | 6,138,853 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
India on Channel WIN, starting from 19 June 2015.
A Bengali dubbed version has also been telecast in SA TV of Bangladesh from 27 November 2016.
A Turkish dubbed version was aired on Kanal 7.
A reasonably dubbed version in English can also be found on YouTube.
# Reception.
Given that the series is quite long and the original language is in Persian, authoritative reviews in English have been scant.
The number of views of various dubbed versions indicate some popularity among viewers.
The trailer to the version of the series dubbed in English has been seen more than 350 thousand times on Youtube as of the second quarter of 2017.
The first of the series, dubbed in English, and available | 6,138,854 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
on YouTube shows 300 thousand views as of the second quarter of 2017. The last (45th) episode in the same version (dubbed in English) shows about 125 thousand views as of the second quarter of 2017.
# Controversies.
Some scholars in Egypt's Al Azhar theological school have been reported by a Saudi-owned television station to have advocated the banning of Yusuf in Egypt.
The director's daughter who grew up in a religious family criticized his father‘s work publicly, she believes that promotion of polygamy is planned by IRIB in Islamic Republic of Iran. (Iran TV.) She said, "… we are not monitoring anyone and everyone has his personal interpretation." She added, "I, as a normal audience, without | 6,138,855 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
considering my relation with the director, am very worried about the youths of this country and how the religion is defined for them, worried about the future of this generation, religion, morality and the Quran. What should youths choose?"
Salhashoor commented, "Polygamy had existed in past religions and theological schools. If for some reasons it has been changed is due to the modern world. The prophets and the Prophet's predecessors had second and third wives. It had been in the past and in many Islamic countries, there is still this culture though some Shiites want to revise it. There was polygamy in the past, I could not ignore the fact to please the feminists, again I emphasize that we | 6,138,856 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
do not promote polygamy. It is not our intention we just express a historical document."
# Aftermath.
"Katayoun Riahi" an Iranian actress who played Potiphar's wife has resigned from acting after playing in this TV series. Since moral values, serenity, respect, modesty and hijab were brought up in this film she could no longer endure any scene. She added: "I do not want to play anymore and I want to keep the sweetness of what i experienced inside me forever."
# Cast.
- Mostafa Zamani — "Prophet Joseph/Osarseph"/Yusuf
- Mahmoud Pak Niat — "Prophet Jacob"
- Katayoun Riahi — "Zuleikha"
- Jafar Dehghan — "Potiphar"
- Abbas Amiri — "Ankh Mahoo"
- Jahanbakhsh Soltani — "Amenhotep III"
- | 6,138,857 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
Rahim Noroozi — "Akhenaten"
- Mahvash Sabrkan — "Karimama"
- Elham Hamidi — "Asenath"
- Parvaneh Masoumi — "Tiye"
- Leila Boloukat — "Nefertiti"
- Amir-Hossein Modares — "Inarous"
- Mohammad-Ali Soleimantash — "Apoupis"
- Reza Razavi — "Horemheb"
- Ali Talebloo — "Honifer"
- Esmail Soltanian — "Kimoni"
- Israfil Alamdari — "Rodemon"
- Reza Agharabi — "Padiyamon"
- Zehir Yari — "Benjamin"
- Javad Taheri — Malik bin Zaar
- Ardalan Shoja Kaveh — "Gabriel"
- Sirous Kahvari Nejad — "Mimisaboo"
- Ali Yaghoub Zadeh — "Hoya"
- Kourosh Zarei — "Levi"
- Hossein Jafari — "young Prophet Joseph"
- Davoud Sheikh — "Judah"
- Fereshteh Sarabandi — "Leah bint Laban"
- Maryam Bakhshi — "Rachel | 6,138,858 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
bint Laban"
- Zahra Saeedi — "Faeghe bint Isaac"
- Nasrin Nakisa — "Dinah bint Jacob"
- Ala Mohseni — "Ninifer Kibta"
- Mohammad Ahmadi — "jailing"
- Mojtaba Bitarafan — "Sufer"
- Naser Forough — "Khoufoo"
- Ali Bekaeeian — "Apouki"
- Jamshid Safari — "Falih"
- Soudabeh Ali Pour — "Bilhah"
- Mitra Khavajeh Nian — "Zilpah"
- Zahra Mortazavi — "Tiamini"
- Saeideh Arab — "Leah"
- Bita Samari — "Tama"
- Mohammad Poursattar — "Prophet Khidr"
- Parviz Fallahi Pour — "Kidamen"
- Sirous Asnaghi — "prison guard"
- Monouchehr Behrouj — "Bintoo"
- Seyyid Mohammad Taghi Rafaghi — "advisor Akhenaten"
# See also.
- List of Islamic films
- Islamic view of Joseph
# External links.
- A | 6,138,859 |
25046162 | Prophet Joseph (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet%20Joseph%20(TV%20series) | Prophet Joseph (TV series)
hah"
- Mitra Khavajeh Nian — "Zilpah"
- Zahra Mortazavi — "Tiamini"
- Saeideh Arab — "Leah"
- Bita Samari — "Tama"
- Mohammad Poursattar — "Prophet Khidr"
- Parviz Fallahi Pour — "Kidamen"
- Sirous Asnaghi — "prison guard"
- Monouchehr Behrouj — "Bintoo"
- Seyyid Mohammad Taghi Rafaghi — "advisor Akhenaten"
# See also.
- List of Islamic films
- Islamic view of Joseph
# External links.
- A 16 DVD in two box sets from the original distributor in Persian, Soroush.tv (First 15 DVDs contain 3 episodes each. Last DVD contains 3 episode on the making of the series.)
- All Episodes dubbed in English on YouTube
- Trailer to the English Edition
- Yousuf-e Payambar
- Yousuf-e Payambar | 6,138,860 |
25046393 | Madeline Weeks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeline%20Weeks | Madeline Weeks
Madeline Weeks
Madeline Weeks is an award-winning Fashion Director, Costume Designer and Visionary.
Collaborating with entertainers, athletes, musicians and personalities from Timothée Chalamet, Travis Scott, Troye Sivan, to Janelle Monae, Beyoncé, Rihanna, Bella Hadid and Kendall Jenner. Weeks has been charged with creating iconic images with influential photographers such as Annie Leibovitz, Craig McDean, Mert & Marcus, Awol Erizku, Inez & Vinoodh and Cass Bird. She has worked for the influential men’s magazine GQ for 20 years. In her role, Weeks has been instrumental in creating GQ’s most memorable covers and transforming the brand into the world’s leading men’s style platform.
This year | 6,138,861 |
25046393 | Madeline Weeks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeline%20Weeks | Madeline Weeks
rd. She has worked for the influential men’s magazine GQ for 20 years. In her role, Weeks has been instrumental in creating GQ’s most memorable covers and transforming the brand into the world’s leading men’s style platform.
This year she guest edited covers, portfolios and commercials for Vogue, Vanity Fair, Out, Zeit Magazine, Adidas and Netflix among others. Weeks recently designed costumes for the American lead in the 60’s British play “INK,” hitting Broadway this Spring. Her unerring eye and editorial voice is trusted throughout the fashion and film industries. Her unique knowledge of media, design, photography and cinema are what set Weeks apart in this fast-changing global landscape. | 6,138,862 |
25046407 | Olivier Blondel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivier%20Blondel | Olivier Blondel
Olivier Blondel
Olivier Blondel (born July 9, 1979) is a French former professional football player who played as a goalkeeper. | 6,138,863 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
Gerard de Canville
Gerard de Canville (died 1214), often written Camville, was an Anglo-Norman landowner and administrator who was a loyal supporter of King Henry II of England and of his son King John of England and through his wife obtained the posts of sheriff of Lincolnshire and constable of Lincoln Castle.
# Origins.
His family came from Canville-les-Deux-Églises near Dieppe, an important place in medieval times but now a small farming village. Born before 1153, he was the son of Richard de Canville, lord of the manor of Middleton Stoney in Oxfordshire where he had a castle, and his first wife Alice. His father was a loyal supporter of King Stephen of England, and of his successor Henry | 6,138,864 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
II, until his death in 1176 when most of his lands passed to his son.
# Career.
Already from 1174 a close associate of the king, by 1185 he had married a widowed heiress, Nicola de la Haie, and as her husband held not only her lands in England and Normandy but also her hereditary offices of sheriff of Lincolnshire and constable of Lincoln Castle. After the death of Henry II in 1189, these two posts were confirmed to him and Nicola by the new king Richard I.
While Richard was overseas on the Third Crusade, in 1191 he transferred his loyalty to Richard”s younger brother and potential heir, Prince John. The Lord Chancellor of England, William de Longchamp, promptly stripped him of the shrievalty | 6,138,865 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
and ordered him to surrender Lincoln Castle. When this was refused, Longchamp ordered troops to seize the castle, but they were thwarted by Nicola, who they then besieged. In retaliation, Canville and John attacked and took the two royal castles of Nottingham and Tickhill, upon which Longchamp agreed a settlement and restored Canville as sheriff. In revenge, Longchamp arranged Canville's excommunication. In compensation, John appointed Canville as keeper of the honour of Wallingford and benefited from Canville's support during the rebellion of 1193.
On returning to England in 1194, Richard stripped Canville of his offices and lands. Though he was able to buy back the right to his estates, but | 6,138,866 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
not his posts, he then faced legal charges brought by Longchamp over sheltering criminals and participating in John's illegal seizure of the castles of Nottingham and Tickhill. When John became king on Richard's death in 1199, he restored Canville to his posts, making him sheriff of Lincolnshire (which he held until 1205) and castellan of Lincoln. The rest of his public life was spent in local administration in Lincolnshire.
He died shortly before January 1215, when his lands passed to his son. His widow continued to hold the castle, undergoing another prolonged siege by rebels in 1217, until she retired in 1226 and died in 1230.
# Landholdings.
In addition to Middleton Stoney, from his father | 6,138,867 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
he inherited lands at King's Sutton and Duddington in Northamptonshire, Godington in Oxfordshire and Avington in Berkshire. In 1166 his father also had nine knight's fees in the honour of Mowbray, probably derived from the honour of Stuteville, which he presumably inherited as well.
# Family.
By 1185 he had married Nicola de la Haie, widow of William fitz Erneis and one of three daughters and coheiresses of Richard de la Haie, a major Lincolnshire landowner whose family had founded the Premonstratensian house of Barlings Priory, and his wife Matilda, daughter of William Vernon. Her paternal grandfather Robert de la Haie, of Halnaker in Sussex, had in 1115 been granted the posts of hereditary | 6,138,868 |
25046358 | Gerard de Canville | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerard%20de%20Canville | Gerard de Canville
ire and Avington in Berkshire. In 1166 his father also had nine knight's fees in the honour of Mowbray, probably derived from the honour of Stuteville, which he presumably inherited as well.
# Family.
By 1185 he had married Nicola de la Haie, widow of William fitz Erneis and one of three daughters and coheiresses of Richard de la Haie, a major Lincolnshire landowner whose family had founded the Premonstratensian house of Barlings Priory, and his wife Matilda, daughter of William Vernon. Her paternal grandfather Robert de la Haie, of Halnaker in Sussex, had in 1115 been granted the posts of hereditary constable of Lincoln Castle and hereditary sheriff of Lincolnshire. His children included: | 6,138,869 |
25046411 | Leafy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leafy | Leafy
Leafy
LEAFY (abbreviated LFY) is a plant gene that causes groups of undifferentiated cells called meristems to develop into flowers instead of leaves with associated shoots.
"LEAFY" is involved in floral meristem identity.
"LEAFY" encodes a plant-specific transcription factor, is found in all land plants and in charophytes and one of its exons have been used extensively in phylogenetic work on spermatophytes. When the gene is overexpressed, the plant is less sensitive to environmental signals and flowers earlier.
The LEAFY protein has two conserved domains: the DNA binding domain, a Helix-Turn-Helix motif buried inside a unique 7-helix fold and a Sterile Alpha Motif. It binds DNA as a dimer | 6,138,870 |
25046411 | Leafy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leafy | Leafy
differentiated cells called meristems to develop into flowers instead of leaves with associated shoots.
"LEAFY" is involved in floral meristem identity.
"LEAFY" encodes a plant-specific transcription factor, is found in all land plants and in charophytes and one of its exons have been used extensively in phylogenetic work on spermatophytes. When the gene is overexpressed, the plant is less sensitive to environmental signals and flowers earlier.
The LEAFY protein has two conserved domains: the DNA binding domain, a Helix-Turn-Helix motif buried inside a unique 7-helix fold and a Sterile Alpha Motif. It binds DNA as a dimer and its binding site has been identified both in vivo and in vitro. | 6,138,871 |
25046416 | Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's trampoline | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics%20at%20the%202000%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20trampoline | Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's trampoline
Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's trampoline
These are the results for the men's individual trampoline competition, one of two events of the trampoline discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Results.
## Qualification.
Twelve entrants competed in the qualifying round. The top eight would go on to the final round.
# References.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120712191818/http://www.la84foundation.org/5va/reports.htm | 6,138,872 |
25046386 | Kelvin Earl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelvin%20Earl | Kelvin Earl
Kelvin Earl
Kelvin "Kel" W. Earl (birth registered third ¼ 1951) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s. He played at club level for the Rochdale Hornets (two spells), St Helens, Bradford Northern and Swinton as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums.
# Background.
Kel Earl's birth was registered in Littleborough, Lancashire, England.
# Playing career.
## Challenge Cup Final appearances.
Kel Earl was an unused interchange/substitute in St. Helens' 16-13 victory over Leeds in the 1972 Challenge Cup Final during the 1971–72 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 13 May 1972, in front of a crowd of 89,495, and played right-, i.e. | 6,138,873 |
25046386 | Kelvin Earl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelvin%20Earl | Kelvin Earl
number 10, in Bradford Northern's 14-33 defeat by Featherstone Rovers in the 1973 Challenge Cup Final during the 1972–73 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 12 May 1973, in front of a crowd of 72,395.
## Player's No.6 Trophy Final appearances.
Kel Earl played left-, i.e. number 8, in Bradford Northern's 3-2 victory over Widnes in the 1974–75 Player's No.6 Trophy Final during the 1974–75 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Saturday 25 January 1975.
# External links.
- Search for "Kelvin" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Search for "Kel" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Search for "Earl" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Profile at saints.org.uk
- Photograph "Kel Earl Makes A Break" | 6,138,874 |
25046386 | Kelvin Earl | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelvin%20Earl | Kelvin Earl
ring the 1974–75 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington on Saturday 25 January 1975.
# External links.
- Search for "Kelvin" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Search for "Kel" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Search for "Earl" at rugbyleagueproject.org
- Profile at saints.org.uk
- Photograph "Kel Earl Makes A Break" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "A Roy Francis half time talk" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "The team ready to leave" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "The teams take to the field" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "The National Anthem" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "Hardisty back flip" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "Northern's pack at Fartown" at rlhp.co.uk
- Photograph "Earl moves in" at rlhp.co.uk | 6,138,875 |
25046433 | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009–10%20LSU%20Tigers%20basketball%20team | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
The 2009–10 LSU Tigers men's basketball team represented the Louisiana State University in the 2009–10 college basketball season. The head coach was Trent Johnson, who was in his second season at LSU. The team played its home games in the Pete Maravich Assembly Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 2–14 in SEC play and lost in the first round of the 2010 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament.
# Previous season.
Trent Johnson completed his first season as head coach of the Tiger men's basketball team in 2009. His first season was very successful as the Tigers won SEC West division title | 6,138,876 |
25046433 | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009–10%20LSU%20Tigers%20basketball%20team | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
and the overall SEC regular season title which earned them the #1 seed in the 2009 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament. As a result of earning the top seed, the Tigers received a first round bye. The Tigers defeated the Kentucky Wildcats in the second round 67-58. However, Mississippi St. proved to be too much in the semi-finals eliminating the Tigers 57-67.
After the SEC Tournament, the Tigers fate was in the hands of the NCAA Tournament selection committee. The Tigers were awarded the #8 seed in the South bracket for the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. This was the first time the Tigers had made the NCAA tournament since making it to the 2006 Final Four. The Tigers had to travel | 6,138,877 |
25046433 | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009–10%20LSU%20Tigers%20basketball%20team | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
to Greensboro, North Carolina to play the first two rounds of the tournament.
In the opening round of the tournament, LSU squared off against the #9 seed Butler, who finished the regular season 26-5. The Tigers seemed to be in control of the game leading by as much as 13, and by a score of 35-29 at the half. However, Butler continued to fight their way back using the size of Matt Howard who finished the game with 22. In the end though, the Tigers were able to prevail 75-71 behind Marcus Thornton's 30 points.
The 2008-09 squad compiled and overall record of 27-8, including a 13-3 mark in SEC play.
# Preseason.
The 2009–10 Tigers men's basketball team had a much different look than the team | 6,138,878 |
25046433 | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009–10%20LSU%20Tigers%20basketball%20team | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
that competed in the previous season. The Tigers replaced the following seniors from 2008–09:
- Chris Johnson, C, 2-year starter
- Garrett Temple, G, 4-year starter
- Marcus Thornton, G, drafted in the second round of the 2009 NBA draft by the Miami Heat
- Quinton Thornton, F, sixth man
However, Tasmin Mitchell decided to withdraw his name from the 2009 NBA draft and return to LSU for his red-shirt senior season. He joined junior Bo Spencer as the only two starters returning from last year.
## Honors.
Senior forward Tasmin Mitchell is the only Tiger thus far to receive any preseason accolades. Mitchell was recently named to watchlist for the 2009–10 Naismith Award, as well as being rated | 6,138,879 |
25046433 | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009–10%20LSU%20Tigers%20basketball%20team | 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team
n, G, drafted in the second round of the 2009 NBA draft by the Miami Heat
- Quinton Thornton, F, sixth man
However, Tasmin Mitchell decided to withdraw his name from the 2009 NBA draft and return to LSU for his red-shirt senior season. He joined junior Bo Spencer as the only two starters returning from last year.
## Honors.
Senior forward Tasmin Mitchell is the only Tiger thus far to receive any preseason accolades. Mitchell was recently named to watchlist for the 2009–10 Naismith Award, as well as being rated the #4 small forward in college basketball by Rivals.com. During SEC media days prior to the season, Mitchell was named a unanimous First Team All-SEC selection by the SEC coaches. | 6,138,880 |
25046452 | Duke of Arcos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke%20of%20Arcos | Duke of Arcos
Duke of Arcos
The dukedom of Arcos was created by Queen Isabella I of Castile, on 20 January 1493, for Rodrigo Ponce de León, then Count of Arcos. The dukedom is among the first 25 titles which reached the rank of Grandee of Spain 1st Class, in 1520. Its name derives from Arcos de la Frontera in Cádiz.
# List of Counts of Arcos.
- Pedro Ponce de León, 1st Count of Arcos
- Juan Pérez Ponce de León, 2nd Count of Arcos
- Rodrigo Ponce de León, 3rd Count of Arcos
- Francisca Ponce de León, 4th Countess of Arcos:
- Rodrigo Ponce de León, 5th Count of Arcos (1488–1493). 1st Duke of Arcos (since 1493)
# List of Dukes of Arcos (1493).
- Rodrigo Ponce de León, 1st Duke of Arcos (1493–1530)
- | 6,138,881 |
25046452 | Duke of Arcos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke%20of%20Arcos | Duke of Arcos
Luis Ponce de León, 2nd Duke of Arcos (1512–1573)
- Rodrigo Ponce de León, 3rd Duke of Arcos (1534–1630)
- Rodrigo Ponce de León, 4th Duke of Arcos (1602–1658)
- Francisco Ponce de León, 5th Duke of Arcos (1632–1673)
- Manuel Ponce de León, 6th Duke of Arcos (1633–1693)
- Joaquín Ponce de León, 7th Duke of Arcos (1665–1729)
- Joaquín Ponce de León, 8th Duke of Arcos (1667–1743)
- Manuel Ponce de León, 9th Duke of Arcos (1670–1744)
- Francisco Ponce de León, 10th Duke of Arcos (1677–1763)
- Antonio Ponce de León, 11th Duke of Arcos (1726–1780)
- María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Duchess of Arcos (1750–1835)
- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 13th Duke of Arcos (1810–1844)
- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 14th | 6,138,882 |
25046452 | Duke of Arcos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke%20of%20Arcos | Duke of Arcos
e de León, 8th Duke of Arcos (1667–1743)
- Manuel Ponce de León, 9th Duke of Arcos (1670–1744)
- Francisco Ponce de León, 10th Duke of Arcos (1677–1763)
- Antonio Ponce de León, 11th Duke of Arcos (1726–1780)
- María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Duchess of Arcos (1750–1835)
- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 13th Duke of Arcos (1810–1844)
- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 14th Duke of Arcos (1814–1882)
- José Brunetti, 15th Duke of Arcos (1839–1928)
- Ángela María Téllez-Girón, 16th Duchess of Arcos (b. 1925)
- Ángela María de Solís-Beaumont, 17th Duchess of Arcos (b. 1950)
- Cristina de Ulloa y Solís-Beaumont, 18th Duchess of Arcos (b.1980)
# External links.
- Grandees of Spain. Genealogy of the Dukes of Arcos | 6,138,883 |
25046480 | Robert Hurst (1750–1843) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hurst%20(1750–1843) | Robert Hurst (1750–1843)
Robert Hurst (1750–1843)
Robert Hurst (1750 – 13 April 1843) was an English Whig politician. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for boroughs from 1806 to 1829.
# Political career.
At the 1802 general election, Hurst was elected to the House of Commons for two constituencies: Shaftesbury and Steyning. The result of the election in Shaftesbury was disputed, but once the dispute had been settled in his favour he chose to represent Shaftesbury, and did not sit for Steyning in the remainder of the Parliament.
At the 1806 general election he was returned again for Steyning, and held that seat until the 1812 general election, when he was elected as MP for Horsham, a seat which he held until 1829, | 6,138,884 |
25046480 | Robert Hurst (1750–1843) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hurst%20(1750–1843) | Robert Hurst (1750–1843)
use of Commons for two constituencies: Shaftesbury and Steyning. The result of the election in Shaftesbury was disputed, but once the dispute had been settled in his favour he chose to represent Shaftesbury, and did not sit for Steyning in the remainder of the Parliament.
At the 1806 general election he was returned again for Steyning, and held that seat until the 1812 general election, when he was elected as MP for Horsham, a seat which he held until 1829, when he resigned his seat by taking the Chiltern Hundreds.
# Family.
Hurst married in 1784 Maria Smith, daughter of Adam Smith: they had two sons and five daughters. The eldest son, Robert Henry Hurst, represented Horsham as a Radical. | 6,138,885 |
25046494 | Daugaard-Jensen Glacier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daugaard-Jensen%20Glacier | Daugaard-Jensen Glacier
Daugaard-Jensen Glacier
The Daugaard-Jensen Glacier is a large glacier located on the southeast coast of Greenland.
The glacier was first mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made during the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland "(Treårsekspeditionen)". It is named in honour of Niels Daugaard-Jensen, who was head of the Greenland department under the Danish Ministry of State and former governor "(Landsfoged)" of Northern Greenland.
# Geography.
Located in the northwestern side of Hinksland and south of Charcot Land, it drains an area of 50,150 km² of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a flux (quantity of ice moved from the land to the sea) of 10.5 km per year, as measured | 6,138,886 |
25046494 | Daugaard-Jensen Glacier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daugaard-Jensen%20Glacier | Daugaard-Jensen Glacier
made during the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland "(Treårsekspeditionen)". It is named in honour of Niels Daugaard-Jensen, who was head of the Greenland department under the Danish Ministry of State and former governor "(Landsfoged)" of Northern Greenland.
# Geography.
Located in the northwestern side of Hinksland and south of Charcot Land, it drains an area of 50,150 km² of the Greenland Ice Sheet with a flux (quantity of ice moved from the land to the sea) of 10.5 km per year, as measured for 1996.
With its terminus in the Nordvestfjord of the Scoresby Sound, it is one of the main producers of icebergs to the north of Iceland.
# See also.
- List of glaciers in Greenland | 6,138,887 |
25046538 | Petr Moiseev | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petr%20Moiseev | Petr Moiseev
Petr Moiseev
Petr Aleksandrovich Moiseev (; born March 7, 1986 in Podolsk) is a Russian bobsledder who has competed since 2006. His best World Cup finish was third twice the four-man event during the 2008–09 season.
Moiseev also finished ninth in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships 2008 in Altenberg, Germany.
He crashed out during the four-man event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. | 6,138,888 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
Dismissal of James Comey
James Comey, the seventh Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), was dismissed by U.S. President Donald Trump on May 9, 2017. Comey had been criticized in 2016 for his handling of the FBI's investigation of the Hillary Clinton email controversy and in 2017 for the FBI's investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections as it related to possible collusion with the 2016 Donald Trump campaign.
Trump dismissed Comey by way of a termination letter in which he stated that he was acting on the recommendation of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein. In the following days, he gave numerous explanations of the | 6,138,889 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
dismissal that contradicted his staff and also belied the initial impression that Sessions and Rosenstein had influenced his decision. Trump publicly stated that he had already decided to fire Comey; it later emerged that he had written his own early draft of the termination letter, and had solicited the Rosenstein memo the day before citing it. He also stated that dismissing Comey relieved unnecessary pressure on his ability to engage and negotiate with Russia, due to Comey's "grandstanding and politicizing" the investigation. Trump was reportedly "enormously frustrated" that Comey would not publicly confirm that the president was not personally under investigation. After his dismissal, Comey | 6,138,890 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
publicly testified to the Congress that he told Trump, on three occasions, that he was not personally under investigation in the counterintelligence probe.
Shortly after his termination, in a move that he hoped would prompt a special counsel investigation, Comey asked a friend to share excerpts from a memo he had written when he was FBI Director, recounting a private conversation with Trump in February 2017, with the press. According to Comey, Trump had asked him to "let go" of potential charges against former National Security Advisor Michael Flynn whom Trump had fired the day before. In light of the dismissal, the memo, and Comey's testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee in June 2017, | 6,138,891 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
several media figures, political opponents and legal scholars said that Trump's acts could be construed as obstruction of justice, while others disagreed.
Following Comey's dismissal, Rosenstein appointed former FBI Director Robert Mueller as special counsel to investigate into Russian meddling and related issues that Comey had supervised during his tenure.
# Background.
The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is appointed by the President and, since 1972, confirmed by the Senate. Beginning in 1976, the director's term has been limited to ten years, which is a relatively long tenure that is meant to deter political pressure. The term can be extended with the approval of | 6,138,892 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
the Senate. Nevertheless, although the FBI director is appointed for a 10-year term, the president has the power to dismiss the director for any reason.
Before becoming FBI director, Comey, a registered Republican, served in the George W. Bush administration as Deputy Attorney General. He was appointed FBI Director by President Barack Obama. Comey was confirmed by the Senate in 2013 by a vote of 93–1.
During his tenure as director of FBI, Comey said there was a need for the Bureau to be independent from politics. But, beginning in 2015 the Bureau became embroiled in investigations that affected the 2016 presidential election. In March 2015, it came to light that presidential candidate Hillary | 6,138,893 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
Clinton had used a private e-mail server for her work as Secretary of State under President Obama. The FBI launched an investigation to determine whether Clinton had violated the law and whether national security had been jeopardized. In July 2016 Comey announced that he was not recommending that any charges be brought against Clinton. The decision was decried by Republican leaders and candidates, including then-presidential candidate Donald Trump. In late October 2016, Comey announced that the investigation was being re-opened because of additional documents that had been obtained. Two weeks later he announced that no new information had been discovered and the investigation was again being | 6,138,894 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
closed. The announcement of the re-opened investigation was seen by many observers as unnecessary and harmful to Clinton's campaign, and the re-closing of that investigation was also met with complaints.
On October 7, 2016, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) jointly stated that individuals working on behalf of the Russian government had hacked servers and e-mail accounts associated with the Democratic Party and the Clinton campaign, and forwarded their contents to WikiLeaks. This would be confirmed by numerous private security experts and other government officials. The FBI launched investigations into both the hackings, and | 6,138,895 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
contacts between Trump associates and Russia.
In January 2017, Comey testified to Congress confirming Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and confirmed an ongoing investigation, although he refused to comment specifically on the Trump organization. President-elect Trump stated his intention to keep Comey as the FBI director. In March, Comey finally confirmed that the FBI was investigating links between the Trump campaign and Russia. He also refuted Trump's allegations that the Obama administration had wiretapped him.
During the weeks leading up to May 9, grand jury subpoenas were issued by the U.S. Attorney's Office in Alexandria, Virginia, to associates of Michael Flynn | 6,138,896 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
for the purpose of obtaining records relating to the investigation of Russia's role in the election. News outlets became aware of these subpoenas on May 9.
Trump's dismissal of Comey on May 9, 2017—four years into Comey's ten-year term—raised the issue of possible political interference by a sitting president into an existing investigation by a leading law enforcement agency, as well as other issues. Although presidents have occasionally clashed with FBI directors, Comey was only the second director to be dismissed since the Bureau's foundation. The only other occasion was under "dramatically different circumstances": in 1993 President Bill Clinton fired FBI Director William S. Sessions after | 6,138,897 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
a Justice Department Office of Professional Responsibility report—published under Clinton's predecessor, George H. W. Bush—accused Sessions of tax evasion and other ethical lapses.
In May, Comey gave additional testimony before the Senate regarding the Clinton e-mail investigation and the Russia probe. News media reported that Comey had requested additional personnel from Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein to expand the probe into Russia interference. Commenting on the matter, acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe "said he was unaware of any such request" but left open the possibility that Comey had requested the president to shift existing resources to the Russia investigation.
# Dismissal.
On | 6,138,898 |
54005993 | Dismissal of James Comey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dismissal%20of%20James%20Comey | Dismissal of James Comey
May 8, 2017, Trump directed Attorney General Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein to provide advice and input in writing. On Trump's direction, on May 9, Rosenstein prepared and delivered a memorandum to Sessions relating to Comey (Sessions and Rosenstein had already begun considering whether to dismiss Comey months earlier). Rosenstein's memorandum said that the "reputation and credibility" of the FBI had been damaged under Comey's tenure, and the memo presented critical quotes from several former attorneys general in previously published op-eds; Rosenstein concluded that their "nearly unanimous opinions" were that Comey's handling of the Hillary Clinton email investigation was "wrong." | 6,138,899 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.