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0dd4b022-8da5-4814-8e0d-e801c928e443 | description which, in turn, is based on first-order principles.
Continuous Time
Essentially, the gun model consists of a nonlinear 3rd-
order odes for coupled RF/detuning of a normal-conducting
cavity [3], plus algebraic terms for the lossless combiner
[4,5]withanadditionalcomplexparameter 𝜀toaccountfor
asymmetry, as ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 0 |
83ecde07-625a-44c2-9a12-6166faca90b1 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6148
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2873WEP: Poster session WEP6148
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 0 |
9eb41638-4775-4027-9c04-462ea15ead50 | is coupling factor,
𝑆(𝜀) =⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜
⎝−𝑗/2 𝑗/21
√2𝜀
𝑗/2 −𝑗/21
√21
√2𝜀1
√20⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟
⎠(5)
is the combiner’s scattering matrix at 1.3GHz,
𝑎 = (𝑉forw,12,𝑉forw,34,𝑢)and𝑎′= (𝑉refl,12,𝑉refl,34,𝑉refl)
are complex-valued inputs and outputs of the combiner,
respectively,and 𝜌and𝜇aretemperature-to-detuningand
RF-t... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
b1a3f597-eb79-4390-8a31-d536351c6520 | 𝑦 = 𝑟sin(𝜃), (7)
which transforms Eq. ( 1–3) into
̇ 𝑟cos(𝜃)−𝑟̇𝜃sin(𝜃) = −𝜆𝑟 cos(𝜃)−𝑟sin(𝜃)𝑧+𝑢𝑥,(8)
̇ 𝑟sin(𝜃)+𝑟̇𝜃cos(𝜃) = −𝜆𝑟 sin(𝜃)+𝑟cos(𝜃)𝑧+𝑢𝑦,(9)
̇ 𝑧 = 𝜇𝑟2. (10)
Rotating the input signals
(𝑢𝑥
𝑢𝑦) = (cos(𝜃) −sin(𝜃)
sin(𝜃)cos(𝜃))
⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
𝑅(𝜃)(𝑢𝑟
𝑢𝜃),(11)
and doing the ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
a1808719-5e2c-4e3b-b7f0-622f004fa575 | which,again,can be integrated directlyusing the functions
𝑧(𝑡), and𝑟(𝑡):
𝜃(𝑡) = 𝜃 0+∫𝑡
0𝑧(𝜏)+𝑢(𝜏)/𝑟(𝜏)𝑑𝜏. (16)Discrete Time
Integrating ( 13), (14), and (16) over the limits of two
successive time points 𝑡𝑘+1−𝑡𝑘= 𝑇𝑠, where𝑇𝑠is sample
time,employingasymbolicsolver[ 7],andassumingzero-
orderholdbe... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
dafa7154-91f1-46f7-97bd-e532b95b884c | forward scheme for integrating the set of odes ( 1) to (3)
divergeswithinacoupleoftimesteps,i.e. introducesnumer-
icalinstabilitiesiftime stepsarechosentoolarge,whereas
a numeric quadrature is accurate, but infeasible for imple-
mentation on FPGA.
PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION
Departing from manually tuned system parameters... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
4beb6091-db40-4998-a67d-2f419bda93ce | notes measurements.
TheRF-to-detuning parameter 𝜇wasexcludedfromthe
parameterestimation,anddeterminedfrompriorsimulation
results [8] by integrating Eq. ( 3):
Δ𝜔 = 𝜇∫𝑇
0𝐸2𝑐= 𝐾𝑓𝑃ref(𝐸𝑐
𝐸𝑐,ref)2
𝑇,(19)
where𝐸𝑐isconstantpulsegradient, 𝑇ispulselength,and
the remaining parameters are tabulated values given i... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
b94f25d2-e6ae-4dbf-9897-8dff13ea605a | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6148
2874 MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RFWEP6148 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 1 |
f8fbab6d-2e38-4284-83e9-ea1c5d29fc23 | OBSERVER
Sincethefreedynamics 𝜂ofthetransformedsystem( 10),
(12),(15)canbeexplicitlyexpressedasafunctionofmea-
surements (𝑟,𝜃), and their time derivatives,
𝜂 = (𝑟,𝜃, ̇𝜃), (20)
the system ( 1) to (4) is, apart from 𝑟 = 0, globally observ-
able [9], and thereby qualifies as a candidate for estimation
schemes. An ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
d950b8b7-8984-4daa-8e6d-a59a877d04ce | define the filter are sigma points, the covariance matrices,
andthe choiceof initialcondition, and arediscussed in the
following.
Covariance Matrices
To account for process noise 𝑄, measurement noise 𝑅,
and initial state error 𝑃0, the respective covariance matrices
are structured as follows:
𝑄 =⎛⎜⎜⎜
⎝𝑞20 0
0 𝑞20
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
090c1640-5fc5-45aa-a5a0-a0801f3ea17a | could model the heat-flux related drop in detuning online
by letting the observer run continuously with the convective
term in Eq. ( 3) enabled, i.e. 𝜌 ≠ 0. We have decided to
have the observer run in pulsed mode instead, and make
useofoneofthefundamentalpropertiesofanobservable
system, namely the capability of recons... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
c474478c-ae79-486f-bf95-086c5cc4d56c | approximation of the detuning. The results are shown in
Fig.2over the duration of one day ( 𝑁 ≈ 105), which indi-
cates a considerable reduction of measurement noise for the
same mean value.
Figure 2: Estimated detuning at the end of the pulse. The
histogram shows a comparison of the detuning computation
using a phase... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
16d58af2-e067-463d-bf28-e067277f7027 | couldequallybedeployedonFPGAandsuper-conducting
structures, enabling online estimation and CW-readiness.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ThisworkwaspartiallyfundedinthecontextoftheR&D
program of the European XFEL. This project has also re-
ceivedfunding fromthe EuropeanUnionsHorizonEurope
research and innovation program under grant a... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
c31832c5-e458-4f81-926f-aee765bd2b37 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6148
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2875WEP: Poster session WEP6148
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 2 |
b5c052f9-2630-4d46-b16d-524fad802d1c | [3]T.Schilcher,“Vectorsumcontrolofpulsedacceleratingfields
in Lorentz force detuned superconducting cavities”, Ph.D.
thesis, DESY, Hamburg, Germany, 1998.
[4]V. Katalev, “LLRF measurements of S coupler for Gun 5”,
DESY, Hamburg, Germany, Rep. unpublished, Jun. 2023.
[5]A. Morini, T. Rozzi, M. Farina, and P. Angeletti, ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 3 |
4cc5dc72-defa-4a30-b70d-738f35738452 | PeerJ Comput. Sci. , vol. 3, e103, Jan. 2017.
doi:1/zero.alt4.7717/peerj-cs.1/zero.alt43[8]N. Brusova, V. Paramonov, I. Rybakov, and A. Skasyrskaya,
“Physical specifications of the Gun 5 RF cavity for X-FEL
requirements”,in Proc.60thOctoberAnniversaryProspect ,
Moscow, Russian Federation, 2016, pp. 1–68.
[9]M. Zeitz, “... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 3 |
34977513-8ca3-45d0-8f0f-567159a1205d | filtertononlinearsystems”,in Proc.AeroSense’97,Signal
Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VI , Or-
lando, FL, USA, vol. 3068, pp. 182–193, 1997.
doi:1/zero.alt4.1117/12.28/zero.alt479717th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6148.pdf | 3 |
8f64fc9c-4ac5-419f-93b1-96262f3d8ed7 | NARROWBAND ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL FOR CONTINUOUS WAVE
OPERATION OF TESLA CAVITIES
B. Richter∗1, J. Branlard, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
A. Bellandi, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Mol, Belgium
A. Benwell, J. Diaz-Cruz, S. Hoobler
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA,... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
c566334b-2e41-4f2e-b3f7-5c44b6a43d06 | onancecontrol, sincethe RF drivepowerrequiredto main-
tain amplitude and phase lock would surpass amplifier max
ratings if detuning is not compensated. To counteract me-
chanicalvibrations,e.g. introducedbyrotationalmachines
in the proximity of the accelerating modules, a dedicated
narrowbandactivenoisecontrolalgorithm... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
646ecb35-90cd-4b93-91d3-d4105a97fdc1 | determined by required RF power to provide accelerating
gradientandbycryogenicloadthroughenergydissipationin
cavity walls. The latter is determined by material properties
and not changeable after manufacturing of the cavity. How-
ever,therequiredRFpower 𝑃𝑓tomaintainanaccelerating
voltage𝑉𝑐depends on the cavity syst... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
1e0649ee-4f22-494a-bdec-e4b96bc7f4b1 | therefore precise resonance control becomes crucial.
∗bozo.richter@desy.deDetuning arises through microscopic mechanical defor-
mation of the cavity geometry. It originates from differ-
ent sources: the accelerating RF field induces Lorenz force
detuning through field interactions with the cavity walls;
pressurevariati... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
fe6b114d-e46e-473b-b4de-c8afc06d8d83 | implications of employing narrowband active noise control
(NANC) to suppress periodic tune disturbances originating
from rotational machinery.
NARROWBANDACTIVENOISECONTROL
The NANC algorithm is designed as an adaptive feed-
forward suppression controller for external harmonic dis-
turbances. The adaption tracks slow di... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
de80b658-9047-454f-bde4-280343aa0936 | NANC is based on harmonic drive signal components
𝑢𝑚= ℛ(𝐴 𝑚𝑒𝑖𝜔𝑚𝑡), (2)
definedbyadrivevector 𝐴𝑚∈ ℂandadrivefrequency 𝜔𝑚.
Theeffectoftheactuationonthedetuningisdescribedby
the detuning model
Δ𝑓𝑚= ℛ(𝜏𝑚𝐴𝑚𝑒𝑖𝜔𝑚𝑡−𝑖Φ𝑚), (3)
additionally taking into account the forward gain 𝜏𝑚and
phase lag Φ𝑚of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 0 |
49db7e1f-e5a5-432a-872a-0cdbaf3e5f5b | can be used for drive parameter adaption using gradient
descent, i.e.
𝐴+𝑚= 𝐴𝑚−𝜇Δ𝑓meas𝐴𝑚𝑒𝑖𝜔𝑚𝑡−𝑖Φ𝑚, (5)
Φ+𝑚= Φ𝑚−𝜂Δ𝑓measℐ(𝐴𝑚𝑒𝑖𝜔𝑚𝑡−𝑖Φ𝑚),(6)
where the upper index +indicates the updated parameter,
and𝜏𝑚andconstantfactorsareabsorbed intothelearning
rates𝜂and𝜇. Notethatwhenappliednearresonances... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
d0b4c43b-2f20-4071-9b7b-8d14a25ae2a9 | 𝜔mic,𝑚, the frequency error of a NANC component
𝑒𝜔,𝑚= 𝜔mic,𝑚−𝜔𝑚 (7)
= 𝜈[arg(𝐴+𝑚)−arg(𝐴𝑚)], (8)
with𝜈 ∈ ℝcan be approximated for small deviations by
𝑒𝜔,𝑚≈ 𝜈|𝐴+𝑚|
|𝐴𝑚|sin[arg(𝐴+𝑚)−arg(𝐴𝑚)]
= 𝜈ℐ(𝐴𝑚𝐴+𝑚
|𝐴𝑚|2).(9)
The quadratic cost
𝐽𝜔,𝑚= 𝑒2𝜔,𝑚, (10)
andtheapproximationEq. (9)thenlead... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
f82093c6-a01a-4535-ab44-72d03d888afa | integrator-combfilterandfedintoaCPU,runningabarebone
application providing 4 harmonic NANC components per
cavity. The main difference of this work and [ 4] is usage
of an open source CPU architecture at LCLS-II. Details are
given in Table 1. To ensure operational safety, saturation
limits are implemented for adaptation... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
b493bc89-22ab-429e-b45f-ce12bb5e6b25 | the European XFEL, enabling R&D experiments for system
enhancement and future upgrade studies. For the test of the
NANC algorithm, cavity 5 is set to an external half band-
widthof37.5Hzandoperatedatagradientof 5MV/m. De-
tuning data is recorded for 120sat8kS/s, first with NANC
disabled, then with a single component en... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
6dafe71e-e793-43c7-b2d1-5fa080588452 | 𝑓1/2of16Hzandacceleratinggradientsof 20MV/m . The
presented NANC controller is tested on two RF stations
with cavities severely affected by narrow bandwidth tune
disturbances. Here,wepresentresultsobtainedatcavity2
of cryomodule 19, where the gradient is limited to 9MV/m
due to microphonics.
First, the operating gradi... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
48c2c05f-c75e-4579-a021-28707fc220f5 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6149
2878 MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RFWEP6149 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 1 |
a7df4e1b-0ea8-464f-80d7-bd204c1a7e31 | −20−10 0 10 20
detuning (Hz)100101102103104counts NANC off
21Hz
21/51Hz
21/51/42HzFigure 2: LCLS-II detuning histograms at 9MV/m. NANC
componentsareenabledsequentiallyatfrequenciesgivenin
the legend, vertical lines mark specification limits.
101102
frequency (Hz)0246
integrated detuning (Hz)NANC off
21Hz
21/51Hz
21/51/42... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
99b44781-011a-4f3c-bb1f-4b57c5486cb0 | are distributed over a band of a few Hertz, leaving room for
improvement by wider band approaches.
Thethirdcomponentisplacedat 42Hz. Itslightlyreduces
thedetuningstd,butbarelyshowsaneffectonpeakdetuning,
as disturbances close to 51Hzincrease significantly, almost
canceling the effects of disturbance reduction at 42Hz.
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
c48591a0-8799-47f1-a77d-9a29e6208c54 | Nevertheless, the target specification for peak detuning of
10Hz is not met.
A series of subsequent tests is performed by increasing
thecavitygradient,whereoperationwithoutNANCleads
to occasional violation of RF power limits and severe per-formance degradation by loss of phase lock. Application of
NANCallowsincreasingt... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
3145da42-ab4a-4145-b2ad-3dbe9bedec18 | 21/51/42Hz
Figure 4: LCLS-II detuning histograms at 15MV/m for
NANC disabled and enabled.
CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK
ThepresentedNANCapproachissuitableforsuppression
of narrowband external disturbances sufficiently far from
mechanical resonances, but not for damping of resonant
modes. It offloads periodic disturbance compe... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
94171904-85bb-47d9-8bce-0b2e02c15ed3 | increased gradients without violating RF power constraints,
whileforwell-performingcavitiesitprovidespotentialfor
either improved energy efficiency or field stability.
Future work will address the applicability of NANC in
pulsed operation in the context of the European XFEL high
duty cycle upgrade.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
27d1aae8-d194-4611-bdf4-0641de22054f | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6149
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2879WEP: Poster session WEP6149
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 2 |
06546e46-71ea-4a84-b9c8-c718bbbf818b | REFERENCES
[1]T. Schilcher, “Vector Sum Control of Pulsed Accelerating
Fields in Lorentz Forces Detuned Superconducting Cavities”,
Ph.D. thesis, Universität Hamburg, 1998. https : / / bib -
pubdb1.desy.de/record/291638
[2]A. Neumann, W. Anders, O. Kugeler, and J. Knobloch, “Anal-
ysis and active compensation of microph... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 3 |
97cafd60-e667-45e7-90ac-43197a7b89ca | [4]A. Bellandi et al., “Narrow bandwidth active noise control for
microphonics rejection in superconducting cavitiesat LCLS-II”, inProc. LINAC’22 , Liverpool, UK, pp. 785–788, Sep.
2022. doi:1/zero.alt4.18429/JACoW-LINAC2/zero.alt422-THPOPA21
[5]R. Rybaniec et al., “FPGA‑based RF and piezocontrollers for
SRF cavities i... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 3 |
73f16855-8ea9-4cd9-9194-01fcc956237d | VexRiscv17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6149
2880 MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RFWEP6149 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6149.pdf | 3 |
6338c863-f6ce-4724-b47a-2e7fbc5a257e | DIGITAL LOW LEVEL RF SYSTEM FOR ELETTRA 2.0
C. Pasotti∗1, G. Brajnik1, M. Cautero2, M. Colja1, A. Cuttin1, A. Pozzer1, M. Stolfa1, E. A. Zanin1
1Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
2Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Abstract
ThenewdigitalelectronicsofthefourRadioFrequency
(R... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
9e70ff4b-01ea-42f3-9f1a-249ca30009c7 | tronicshavebeencarried outduringlastrun ofElettra, how-
ever the complete commission is carried out using the RF
power plant available in the laboratory. This paper presents
the design choices and the performed tests that confirm the
achievements of the system’s specification.
INTRODUCTION
The Elettra 2.0 storage ring ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
be08b377-5cdf-40f2-b6d2-89c9bcb7d003 | choosing between a commercial (turn‑key) Digital Low-
Level Radio Frequency (DLLRF) system and an internal
development effort. Even in the last case, it is essential to
balancedevelopmentcostswiththereuseoradaptationof
commercially available components and boards.
DIGITAL LOW LEVEL RF SYSTEM
A custom DLLRFsystem—encomp... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
57bdddf1-3190-4ed5-b7a7-3d5f363b61a1 | RFinterlock unit acquires all RFplant signals to execute
arapidRFshutdowninresponsetoanypotentialwarning,
and forwards the cumulative RFfailure status to the general
Machine Protection System (MPS) via optical fiber. On top
∗cristina.pasotti@elettra.eu
Figure 1: RFFeedback and control mail digital board. Elet-
tra cust... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
414df2be-3e3e-48d2-a0fe-e9c63cac8e20 | ProgrammableGateArray(FPGA) baseddigitalboard,built
aroundanAltera/IntelArria10anddevelopedinhouseat
Elettra. The board can host two FMC modules, incorpo-
ratesDouble Data Rate (DDR) 3 RAM, and offers 10Gbit/s
Ethernet links [ 2]. It has been further upgraded with a Sys-
tem On Chip (SoC) architecture, as shown in Fig.... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
b11c4ca4-e1a9-4191-a90f-6dd60ea5884d | rapidresponseintheeventofanyfailures. Theinterlock’s
electronicsfeaturearobustdesignbasedontheAlteraCy-
clone V GX development board. Additional boards have
been designed to condition and monitor more then thirty
status signals—water flow rates, temperature, arc detection,
amplifierstatus,andotherrelevantparameters. Tw... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
1c46689e-68b6-4c1a-98e9-4b357bb1a309 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6150
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2881WEP: Poster session WEP6150
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 0 |
2d8530d6-2995-4a94-9974-ae43b049a960 | status and ADCdata are written to a circular buffer mem-
ory that can be downloaded on demand—triggered by an
external event—for offline analysis and further verification.
Eachinterlockstatusislatchedtoenhancefaultidentifica-
tion. Interlockhardwareisdividedintotwounits: thedigital
unitthathandlesdataacquisitionandswit... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
f53ed1be-7040-44d0-abee-ce87be8b0e52 | RFswitchcontrol,whileduplicatingall monitoredsignals.
When the RFswitch control is added, the measured re-
sponse time from the commutation signal is below 2.5µs
(see Fig.2).
Figure 2: Scope traces: fuchsia: RFswitch command; blue:
RFoutput signal. Yellow signal on the left: dry-contact
signal switched; on the right: T... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
bf5732bc-563a-4c9a-984b-3927470ca318 | (b) Frequency Tuning Parameters
Parameters Value
Dead band ±100Hz
Hysteresis ±200Hz
Resolution ≤ 100Hz
Dynamic range ±200kHz
Feedback speed ≤ 1kHz/sTable 2:FEEarly Measurements Results
Parameter Measured value
Gain conversion (SC21) −11dB
Crosstalk ≤−65dB
SFDR ≤−80dB
LOleakage ≤−90dB
Hardware
The hardware architecture ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
0b6023f3-bcb0-45f4-97da-6783c28b001c | calibration purposes and as a spare RFoutput. A custom16
pinGPIOhandlesconnectionstothe RFInterlockunit,ex-
ternal trigger signals, and the storage ring’s TbTsignal and
counters. I/O communication with the interlock units pro-
vides full control over the feedback procedures whenever
anRFfailure occurs. I/O with externa... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
d557867e-f1d1-463c-aed5-736fe8f48260 | tween the measured results and the specifications of the
employedcomponents,particularlywithregardtothecon-
versiongainof the individual branches, consistent with the
passivenatureofthesystem. Thecorrespondingmeasured
valuesaresummarizedinTable 2. Atthesystemlevel,the
measured crosstalk between the active channel and t... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
00513286-6fca-4106-9302-b6844b1045ba | beenadopted[ 3]. Aresolutionof 0.01%inamplitudeand
0.005°inphasehasbeenalreadyachievedat 10%ofthefull
capability of the first LLRFprototype DAC. The intrinsic
Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID) gainof the system
reaches 0dB at 100kHz.17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publish... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 1 |
fe9fc9fb-c473-4ebe-ab13-5417a217af38 | Figure 3: Overview of the three LLRF parts: the Front-End, the Local Oscillator and Signal Clock Generator and the
FPGA-based digital platform.
Figure 4: The FEboard individual shieldings of each RF
path are also foreseen.
Firmware and Initial Result
Twoprototypeunitsofthefeedbackandcontrolsystem
arepresentlyundertesti... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 2 |
00d65184-18e7-4f25-9b97-773af446676b | frequency offset tests, along with the frequency tuning feed-
back, are currently underway.
CONCLUSIONS
TheDLLRFsystem design has been completed and all
the individual boards tested. The RFinterlock can cut the
RF powerdelivered to the cavitywithin 2.5µsagainst any
Figure 5: Implemented firmware
Figure6: Amplitude-modu... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 2 |
6689f99d-03d2-4089-ab93-f7fe892bf315 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6150
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2883WEP: Poster session WEP6150
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 2 |
a033d410-ad97-4407-9ae2-783c5b49afaf | REFERENCES
[1]C. Pasotti, M. Bocciai, L. Bortolossi, and M. Rinaldi, “RF
System Design for Elettra 2.0”, in Proc. IPAC’22 , Bangkok,
Thailand, Jun. 2022, pp. 1570–1572.
doi:1/zero.alt4.18429/JACoW-IPAC2/zero.alt422-TUPOMS/zero.alt461
[2]G. Brajnik, S. Cleva, R. De Monte, and D. Giuressi, “A Com-
mon Diagnostic Platform... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 3 |
e9951f1b-71e8-4baa-b38c-6c89e552b23c | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6150
2884 MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RFWEP6150 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6150.pdf | 3 |
57d0d0bb-5b3d-458f-9546-602ad366486f | PLANNED UPGRADE OF THE CERN PROTON SYNCHROTRON
BEAM CONTROL SYSTEM
F. J. Diaz Ferreira∗, D. Barrientos, Y. Brischetto, T. Gavric, A. Lasheen, B. Woolley
European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
Abstract
The CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) Low Level RF
(LLRF)systemiscomposedofcavitycontrollers,whichr... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
e0c6c2fe-364c-4b54-bc21-f135a5e064b3 | nificantly reduced hardware requirements and improvement
in diagnostics and maintenance. This paper provides an
overviewofthesystem’sarchitecture,hardware,firmware,
anddevelopmentplan,focusingonthecontrolloopsandthe
interactionbetweenthemoduleandothercomponentsinthe
system.
MOTIVATION
since1959, the PS has undergonenum... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
130bfe32-5242-44ff-a1de-56516de364b9 | eredtothecavities. Meanwhile,thebeamcontrolsubsystem
employsradial,phase,andsynchronizationloopstomain-
tain strict beam parameters and to coordinate injection and
extraction timing with adjacent machines.
A renovationof the beam control system is currently un-
derway (Fig. 1). The upgraded architecture utilizes two
VM... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
e1e5c291-1589-4537-ae91-d39e2ce6f73a | The purpose of this new beam control is to implement
thecurrentanaloguefeedbackalgorithmsasaccuratelyas
∗francisco.javier.diaz.ferreira@cern.ch
Figure 1: PS LLRF systemdiagram.
possible,butimprovingondiagnostics,operabilityandmain-
tainability. The possibility of future feature addition is also
to be kept in mind.
BEAM... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
10126036-a51f-498a-893f-a9e80e07ec47 | was needed, such as the VXS acquisition.
A C++ application is in production for higher-complexity
andhigher-iterationpartsofthebeamcontrol,suchascalcu-
lationoftherevolutionfrequencyfromthemagneticfield[ 3]
and the phase, radial, and synchronization loops.
HARDWARE
One of the main advantages of the new beam control is
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
4857cca0-ad9f-4479-a152-63a9e7fb0bae | twoFMCsADCs,andtheothercontaingthesignalacqui-
sition core, function generators, timings and the so-called17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6153
MC6.T27: Instrumentation: Low Level RF 2885WEP: Po... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 0 |
1b3ce4ea-2116-4e18-a679-1361b1130f55 | Figure 2: Beam Control blockdiagram.
VXS sushi-train for distributing the data across the VXS
backplane to the VXS switches.
The microTCA crate includes a Central Timing Receiver
AMC(CTRA)whichinterfacestotheCERNGeneralMa-
chine Timing system and an AFCZ dual FMC carrier board
withUltrascale+™MPSoC,ultilisingFPGAfabric... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 1 |
b7f438b0-4971-4276-8af4-611eaf3c026a | each cycle whether the current or new beam control is oper-
ational. This allows to run Machine Development tests in
parallel to normal operation. This distribution scheme is set
tobeexchangedforaWRnode(Fig. 4)shouldthelatency
budget for the loops allow it.
This setup would allow the PS to follow the standard-
ization ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 1 |
ebf35ba7-bd98-43e0-8324-fec1c30ed7db | willdetermineitsreadinesstoreplacetheexistingbeamcon-
trol and allow for its decommissioning during the shutdown.
Forthis,anincrementalapproachhasbeenchosentore-
duce risk and progressively implement and test each part of17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 1 |
d35ba859-2ad5-4b58-b294-69dc02bd4c23 | thenewbeamcontrol. Thefirsttest,forwhichmachinein-
stallation is near completion, will focus on the IPs inherited
fromtheSPSandLHCbeamcontrols,aswellastestinga
firmwareimplementation of the Barrier Bucketmodule [ 5].
A prototype of this module is currently implemented on a
microcontroller-based system, providing a func... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
fb1875df-9a28-434e-8cf0-c1f2e4225862 | Thephaseloopwillbeaddressedfirst,includingverification
ofpre-injectionlocking,stableacceleration, andoperation
with multiple harmonics.
Subsequently, the radial loop will be commissioned, with
emphasisonclosed-loopoperationinconjunctionwiththe
phaseloop,aswellasonitsperformanceduringtransition
crossing, for which it is... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
8f704e5a-868e-4738-ba55-625c53fa490b | tion during the testing phase. This staged approach ensures
systematicvalidationofindividualfunctionalitieswhilepro-
gressively increasing system complexity.
CONTROLS
To configure the hardware for different accelerating cy-
cles and beam configurations, settings are managed through
theFront-EndSoftwareArchitecture(FESA... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
c40390d0-35e8-4cba-9006-b168101806da | tings are archived to enable configuration tracking, analysis,
androllback. Forremoteobservationanddiagnostics,sev-
eralmegabytesofbunch-by-bunchandturn-by-turndataare
acquired on a per-cycle basis.
CONCLUSION
The development of the new PS Beam Control system
represents a transition from analogue to fully digital im-
p... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
f62abca8-cc33-41de-b018-d2ae305e3b06 | byparallelhardwareandsoftwaredevelopmentandtesting
activities, making the overall schedule achievable.
REFERENCES
[1]D.Barrientos,Y.Brischetto,H.Damerau,F.J.DiazFerreira,
A.Findlay,T.Gavric,K.Geis,A.Lasheen,B.Woolley,“Initial
commissioning of the new beam control system of the Proton
SynchrotronatCERN”,presentedattheLL... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
2b4bc137-dca6-4931-aa92-9ee882c22469 | Controller”, in Proc. IPAC’22 , Bangkok, Thailand, Jun. 2022,
pp. 903–906.
doi:1/zero.alt4.18429/JACoW-IPAC2/zero.alt422-TUPOST/zero.alt423
[5]M. Vadai et al., “Implementation of synchronised PS-SPS
transfer with barrier buckets”, in Proc. LLRF2022 , Brugg-
Windisch, Switzerland, 9 - 13 Oct 2022.
doi:arXiv:22/zero.alt4... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6153.pdf | 2 |
e7a7a58a-d566-4f43-bd4c-ea9b9d07968f | BENCHMARKING BEAM DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS FOR THE
MYRRHA PHASE 1 ACCELERATOR
L. De Keukeleere†, U. Dorda, J. Hustings, E. Tanke, J. Van De Walle
Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
Abstract
At the Nuclear Research Center SCK CEN in Belgium,
the first phase of the MYRRHA project (an accelerator
drive... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
78b51d91-3378-44c8-a879-9ab582c59f40 | discussed. These comparisons are made in view of a future
on-line deployment of a simulation tool during beam com-
missioning.
INTRODUCTION
The last few decades a multitude of beam optics simula-
tion codes w ere developed within the accelerator commu-
nity. Despite the many similarities amongst these codes,
th... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
206fe3ca-6f76-415f-aa9b-ea0fc5078321 | ferent modes - with respect to beam optics parameters and
computing power . All of them are introduced in the next
paragraphs .
The first tool considered for developing an online virtual
accelerator is Trace Win [1], a licensed closed -source soft-
ware package distributed and maintained by CEA and used
as a ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
1c5be5f3-5cee-499f-af6f-98ccea38fc00 | ing code DYNAC [2], which contains both a numerical
method, capable of simulating single and multi -charge
state ion beams in accelerating elements as well as a fast
analytical method for single charge state beams. It has been benchmarked against other codes , like TraceWin , as well
as against measurements [ ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
54ef5ee4-b2f0-4cf7-8b06-ae0691dfadbf | ESS [8, 9].
The fourth package , PyAccel , was developed in -house at
SCK CEN and is , like one of the TraceWin modes, a trans-
fer-matrix tracking code, allowing for the fast simulation
of collective beam beh aviour . It is purely python -based ,
and the linear space- charge model and EM field dynamics
model ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
b91d4be2-e410-45b2-b39e-4caec43309ae | 1.5 MeV . A sequence of normal -conducting CH cavities
then further accel erates the bunched beam to 16.6 MeV .
After passing through a matching section, the beam is ac-
celerated to the desired 100 MeV by means of a supercon-ducting LINAC with 60 single spoke cavities pair -wise
confined in 30 cryomodules and op... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
e9c7376f-08fc-40f1-a3c4-bbe71e823526 | BEAM OPTICS SIMULATIONS
To decide which beam optics code s can be employed to
build a virtual accelerator , a comparative study was carried
out. The results reported below all correspond to the simu-
lation of one line in the MINERV A accelerator, i.e. going
from the exit of the RFQ all the way down to the FPF ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
0c5136f8-bc4b-453b-8a6f-795e74a32203 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6154
2888 MC6.T33: Online Modelling and Software ToolsWEP6154 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 0 |
cf497dae-ad61-4f04-ba4c-88f0c828f331 | Figure 1: The MINERV A accelerator layout. Sections that were not part of the simulations in this paper are transparent.
Simulation P arameters
Since the codes have multiple models available for space
charge and EM field tracking, a choice had to be made. In
case of the two transfer -matrix codes, TraceWin (env... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
7fa0d9e8-ec53-4bb3-b9d2-fc2ad6975754 | longitudinal (40) direction. Two space charge models were
initially tested in PyOrbit3 , a 3D model using F ast-Fourier
Transform (FFT) and a model bas ed on calculating the
space charge forces from a uniform ellipse . Both models
produce very similar beam optics , not considering the loss
profil e, where the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
3e758060-2b53-4ed9-a253-9ba1e3a7f812 | tracked in the approximate field maps. The numerical
method in DYNAC is based on Boole’s rule [4]. In PyOr-
bit3 a three -point Transit -Time Factor (TTF) model takes
care of particle tracking [1 4].
In case of the two transfer -matrix codes, a Taylor expan-
sion down to first order of the field around the theor... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
9f152df9-00e9-4452-821e-f74729023f68 | codes .
Apart from the vertical beam envelope towards the end
of the SC LINAC simulated with PyAccel , the codes ex-
hibit good agreement with regards to the transversal enve-
lopes. The longitudinal beam envelopes are reproduced
Figure 2: A comparison of the main beam parameter s as
simulated with the dif... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
0fa2e4eb-699b-4444-9cd7-cbb0d80ce414 | section after the SC LINAC. Nevertheless, this can be ex-
pected for an accelerator with 79 accelerating structures
(19 normal conducting, 60 super conducting cavities).
With regards to the losses, there is a very good agree-
ment between the three multi -particle codes in the first part
of the LINAC – especially ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
cbca422c-acae-45f3-ac5e-1d6570c290b0 | aperture is attained (going from 65 mm to 200 mm over
5 m). Hence, this is a critical location where the heavily
diverging beam grazes the corner of the 45 mm- to-64 mm
17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-I... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 1 |
74a522dc-738f-4a69-b74f-b72bbe66bc8c | transition point. Consequently, a small difference in beam
size can result in a dramatic increase of the losses at this
location.
Since the codes should be able to accurately transport the
beam from the exit of the RFQ all the way through the SC LINAC and since eventually the 100 MeV beam will be
injected in to ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
093fe462-a28f-4b89-8fa2-f2d82091afdb | PyAccel, which exhibits deviating vertical and longitudi-nal Twiss parameters. As demonstrated by the projections
of the particle distributions and the particle distributions in
longitudinal phase space also halo formation, i.e. the shape
of the tails of the distributions, is significantly different
amongst th... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
1f927e5a-713b-4b16-bfef-f1a7f9daa783 | panel . The beam projections for the 1M particle distribu-
tions are shown in logscale on the marginal axes . The gal-
axy-like shapes at the bottom corresponds to the particle
distributions in longitudinal phase -space.
Not including the aberrant results from PyAccel, the
transversal beam parameters agree with... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
5f62c7d4-c54b-4373-a949-7b075bef3700 | space- charge model and accelerating field tracking model.
However, the best agreement in beam optics was found
with the chosen settings. Secondly, for the multi -particle
codes the CPU time increases with the n umber of particles
tracked. Considering the required precision that is needed
to assess the basic beam... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
357d7375-7568-444f-be36-cb49978d38da | formed, as this is critical for detailed beam profile and beam loss studies. As expected, the PyOrbit3 code comes
out fastest, mainly due to its simplified space -charge
model. This is probably at the expense of accuracy in the
transverse beam profiles and longitudinal galaxy for-
mation.
Table 1: Comparison o f ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
c1cc9b4a-8ea7-4732-a006-774978f89338 | tions on one of the MYRRHA -Phase I start-to-end lines
(from the RFQ -exit to the FPF target) were performed with
5 different codes. The overall agreement for beam core
properties amongst the codes , over a larger part along the
LINAC is reasonably good, and close to the expected level
of measurement preci... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
e6ce7f61-de73-4ffd-8b69-b85013c4e27a | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6154
2890 MC6.T33: Online Modelling and Software ToolsWEP6154 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 2 |
04787ba2-9281-40f6-ab30-83bc53a596b1 | REFERENCES
[1] D. Uriot and N. Pichoff, “Status of TraceWin Code”, in
Proc. 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf. (IPAC'15) , Rich-
mond, VA, USA, May 2015, pp. 92- 94.
doi:10.18429/JACoW- IPAC2015- MOPWA008
[2] DYNAC (current version V8 R0), https://github.com/
dynac-source
[3] E. Tanke, M. Eshraqi, R. Miyamoto... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 3 |
85aaa513-8613-4209-ae8a-3a6713e5e540 | [5] W. Wittmer et al ., “Online modelling of the rare isotope re -
accelerator REA”, in Proc. IPAC ’14, Dresden, Germany,
Jun. 2014, paper THPRO0129, pp. 3195 -3197.
[6] Hyunchang Jin and Ji -Ho Jang, “Studies for tuning algo-
rithm of superconductive cavity amplitude and phase in the
RAON accelerator”, in Proc. IP... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 3 |
b749d238-75ab-4226-9d5f-a2c94eb43600 | tion tool for beam -dynamics modelling of the ESS LINAC” ,
in Proc. 68th Adv. Beam Dyn. Workshop High-Intensity
High -Brightness Hadron Beams, Geneva, Switzerland,
2023, doi:10.18429/JACoW- HB2023-TUC2C2
[10] MYRRHA, https://www.sckcen.be/en/infra-
structure/myrrha
[11] MYRRHA Accelerator Experiment, research and ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 3 |
431c7ccb-45ee-4eb6-99ea-b1a17a317137 | ORNL/TM -2015/247 , Jun. 2016.
[15] D. Uriot, N. Pichoff, R. Duperrier, “TraceWin manual”,
https://dacm- codes.fr/Softwares/Trace-
Win_DOC/tracewin.htm
17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6154
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6154.pdf | 3 |
b4acc6b3-6393-438d-ad61-46ac55ff4e0b | SURROGATE MODELS FOR THE EUROPEAN XFEL OPERATION
B. Veglia∗, J. Kaiser, S. Tomin, S. Walker,
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Abstract
Numerical beam dynamics simulation codes are essential
for designing and studying particle accelerators, but their
computational cost can make them unsuitable for... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6156.pdf | 0 |
a0830b9f-ccf5-4560-b3e4-434b1c71fae0 | as well as a fast estimator for the final LPS based on the
user-provided compression parameters.
INTRODUCTION
The rise of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) over the
past decade has provided researchers with ultra-short, co-
herent X-rays capable of probing matter at the atomic level.
At the heart of these facilities i... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6156.pdf | 0 |
1eb99aea-79cb-440a-9a94-96d7f2dbac71 | sor (BC2) — a coherent radiation intensity spectrometer
(CRISP) [ 2,3], which reconstructs the current profile, and a
single-platecorrugatedstructure(alsoreferredtoasapas-
sive streaker) [ 4] installed downstream of SASE2. However,
allofthesediagnosticshaveimportantlimitations. TheTDS
downstream of BC2 providesa tempor... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6156.pdf | 0 |
d31974d2-f846-4232-98db-fd9fad5c669a | stream of the undulator lines in order to directly inspect the
LPS in order to directly tune the undulator lasing. However,
thisisalonger-termgoal,likelyseveralyearsawayfromcom-
pletion at the time of writing, and will require considerable
∗bianca.veglia@desy.deinvestment. Traditional numerical simulations would pro-
v... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEP\WEP6156.pdf | 0 |
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