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508ab320-fb57-45fe-ae6d-fb8606835056 | from Table 2, for the proton beam the solver selects QF–
QDpolaritywith 𝑘1=+0.319 m−2and𝑘2=−0.167 m−2,
corresponding to physical gradients 𝐺1=293T/m and
𝐺2=153T/m(for𝐵𝜌=917 T·m). Fortheelectronbeam
thecomplementaryQD–QFpolarityisoptimal,giving 𝐺1=
10.6T/m and𝐺2=5.6T/m (at𝐵𝜌=33.4 T·m). The
maximum beam envelop... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 2 |
b9e3373d-cb1f-47b4-8ab5-988959943a73 | ances. Assumingthatmagnettechnologies,NbTiat4.2K,
NbTi at 1.9 K, and Nb 3Sn at 4.2 K, allow peak bore field of
7 T, 8.5 T and 12 T correspondingly, the EIC-LHeC hybrid
protonFD(themostconstrained)wasanalyzedwithGemini
AI, varying the 𝐿∗parameter. The resulting algorithm took
intoaccountextraapertureforshielding, cold-... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 2 |
ca142ec4-5b88-4cb0-8f48-a114882866b2 | 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.00.10.20.30.4x or y [mm]max|x| = 0.34 mm
max|y| = 0.40 mm
Q1
(QD)Q2
(QF)+x = 31 rad
x
+y = 150 rad
y
Q1 (QD)Q2 (QF)
IP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
s [m] (s = 0 at IP)1.5
1.0
0.5
0.00.51.01.5x or y [mm]max|x| = 0.82 mm
max|y| = 1.43 mm
Q1
(QF)Q2
(QD)+x = 306 rad
x
+y = 131 rad
y
Q1 (QF)Q2 (QD)
IPFigure 3: H... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
bed42937-e883-470d-8f49-6d419d58e18a | essary; however SC approach may be required for practical
purposes of integration within tightly constrained FD.
ENERGY RECOVERY EVALUATIONS
Approach and AI Prompting StrategyA detailed
prompt was given to Claude specifying all relevant beam
parameters for the EIC-LHeC hybrid: 1.5 nC bunch charge,
1.5 mm bunch length, ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
3c1fca00-cba6-4ffb-9431-7df56ba4fd5a | as a function of deceleration-phase error; a detailed wall-plug power budget; and comparison with a conventional
storage ring.
T otal
7.03 MWSRF cryoplant (714 cavities, 2 K) 4389 kW
Injector RF ( = 35 %) 1202 kW
Residual RF (beam-loading) 926 kW
Beam dump (7 MeV × 60 mA) 421 kW
SR in return arc 89 ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
8c81507d-e877-42e6-ab1d-47720750032e | wall-plug power from 602 MW (no recovery) to 7.0 MW.
Figure 5 shows the single-pass power budget breakdown.
COST ESTIMATIONS
Costestimatesforthehybridelectroncomplex,IR,and
detectorweredevelopedusingAI-assistedparametricscal-
ingfromtheLHeCstudy[16],excludingupgradestoproton
infrastructure. Twolinacconfigurationswereco... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
ecbf5551-f0b3-4109-b6ca-eaa9db1f073a | 750MCHF(600–870PY).Theserangeswereobtainedfrom
estimates by two AI models [17]; IR and detector line items
were manually increased above the raw AI output.
ConvertingtoUSADOEaccountingandadding60%con-
tingency reflecting the preliminary nature of the estimate,
yields thesummaryin Table 4. ThehybridEIC (with 6GeV
recirc... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
0fec5d52-9f26-42c6-9de0-dd231b3babf8 | then uses a small number of key input parameters (energies,
collisionfrequency,acceleratinggradients,etc.) tocalculate
lengths, power and other requirement for subsystems, and
finallyconvertsthistoanoverallcostviacostestimatesfrom
similar machines. The global cost optimum is then found17th International Particle Accele... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 3 |
312370b6-c7a9-4aef-9e8c-07295679c786 | Table4: HybridEICcostrange,estimatedbytwoindepen-
dentAI-assistedscalingsoftheLHeCCDRcost. Thetwo
estimatesagreetowithin ∼30%atthepre-contingencylevel.
Item Value (MUSD)
Material costs (580–750 MCHF×1.25) 725 – 935
Labor costs (600–870 PY×300k USD) 180 – 260
Pre-contingency total 905 – 1195
Contingency (60%) 545 – 720
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
9623cbd4-baa8-415a-a40d-e30588151c87 | considered credible at project-proposal level. The principal
challenges, identified in dialogue with AI, are the following.
High-current ERL operation:fractional energy loss ≲10−4
isrequiredat58mAand10GeV;astagedCEBAFtest(high
energy, low current) and PERLE (low energy, high current)
wouldboundthetwocriticalparameters.... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
866c52e8-cca5-44f0-a0dd-1a9190669103 | beam energy recovery:with 𝜉𝑒
𝑦≈6.8, the electron bunch
is severely disrupted; whether the resulting phase space fits
within ERL return-arc acceptance requires dedicated sim-
ulation. Beam halo, instability, and their mitigation in the
ERL, are to be studied as well.
Logical next steps are: beam–beam parameter scans ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
449eedf9-8c58-4243-9e97-7672acee5c5d | VERIFICATION OF AI RESULTS
Verification of AI-generated results follows a three-
pronged approach, all of which reinforce our belief that
students will learn accelerator physics from this educational
style rather than be displaced by it.Thefirstprongishumanverificationbythestudent. Re-
turningtothebeam–beamexampleintro... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
50d8f179-ea8d-4c14-9761-15b23282b855 | The second prong is cross-verification by a second, in-
dependent AI model. The parameter tables of this paper
wereinitiallygeneratedwithanAImodelinsummer2025
and subsequently cross-checked with Claude, which flagged
a small number of internal inconsistencies that have since
beencorrected[24]. Independentre-derivationb... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
f7bb9679-a758-4131-8816-0613ed93bc2e | muststand. Thisclosestheverificationloop: studentjudg-
ment,cross-modelconsistency,andfidelitytotheexisting
simulation heritage all reinforce one another.
CONNECTION TO GENESIS PROGRAM
This educational primer directly supports the Genesis
MissionbydemonstratingAI-accelerateddesignandopti-
mization–twoofthethreepillars(... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
37af9716-5a80-4b00-9e21-028c18be5201 | U.S. leadership in particle physics and energy science.
SELF-ASSESSMENT AND NEXT STEPS
Theapproachsketchedhereisafirststep,notafinished
recipe–pedagogy,mini-projectselection,andverification
protocols all need refinement through actual classroom use.
Withthosecaveats,webelieveitpointsintherightdirection
for education in... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
8703d370-f564-4ccf-871b-fe56bd47ca1c | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEV1301
2966 MC1.A19: Lepton-Hadron CollidersWEV1301 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title of the work,... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 4 |
fb785c0a-9ce7-4f16-866d-db52c8563b9e | REFERENCES
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Documents ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 5 |
0737d81b-d99e-424b-9274-de9c1c732317 | [11]Y. Derbenev, “Adapting Optics for High Energy Electron
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doi:10... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV1301.pdf | 5 |
6016f2a0-232c-42be-b229-5e5d23846da4 | AI generated summary, Apr. 2026, https://github.com/
aseryi/vibe- coding/blob/main/EIC- LHeC/ERL_
simulation_assumptions.md
[16]O. Bruning, “LHeC cost ostimate”, CERN, Geneva, Switzer-
land, Rep. CERN-ACC-2018-0061, 2018. https://cds.
cern.ch/record/2652349/
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ecbba39d-9b4f-4d2d-8995-dd606531a714 | [20]C. A. Lindstrømet al., “Updated baseline design for
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[21]J. Chenet al., “ABEL: the adaptable beginning-to-end linac
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b058aebd-564e-4fc6-8130-90114054fe9b | nential Decay: Rethinking Error Accumulation in Large Lan-
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6cde5f04-4839-4622-b82b-0b0c08081690 | FIRST EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF USING A CRAB -CROSSING
COLLISION SCHEME FOR EFFICIENT LASER -TO-ION BEAM INTERACTION*
A. Aleksandrov†, S. Co usineau , T. G orlov, Y . Liu, A . Oguz , A. Shishlo, A. Zhukov
Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Abstract
Lasers are used in many applications wi... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
8c01f91c-05ed-46de-8639-33a1805f4a88 | posed to achieve efficient overlap of a short laser pulse
with an arbitrarily long H⁻ beam pulse. This presentation reports the first experimental demonstration of this tech-
nique, which increases the efficiency of laser -to-ion beam
interaction in a laser charge exchange experiment at SNS
INTRODUCTION
Lasers hav... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
3a039ce3-9a61-4d1c-9aab-b3ff87fcb70b | beams into circular accelerators. Typically, a thin foil is used to convert accelerated negative hydrogen ions into protons. Passing a high- intensity, high -power beam
through the foil leads to foil heating and particle loss due
to scattering. Eventually, foil performance and lifetime can
become the limiting factor... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
7c460d9b-5313-49f2-bbf6-9ca17a11689a | required laser power is the main limiting factor of this method. Several laser-power -reduction techniques have
been proposed, and some have been tested experimentally
[3,4].
To mitigate ion -bunch longitudinal expansion in the long
beamline between the linac exit and the laser– ion
interaction point, we previo... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
39baec84-c87e-47cc-8fef-cb0eab0d9b38 | ergy and 𝑎𝑎𝑖𝑖 are the laser spot size in horizontal, vertical and
longitudinal di rection s. This power density can be in-
creased either by raising 𝑄𝑄 or by reducing the spot sizes.
However, to maintain good overlap, the laser spot cannot be made smaller than the ion bunch in any dimension. In practice, the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
fb25ad62-5479-435a-bde8-e243a072241f | end of the linear accelerator and in the interaction point due
to the particle energy spread; for the nominal linac tune, this evolution is shown by the blue curve in Fig. 2. Because the SNS superconducting linac cavities are independently powered and controlled, several cavities near the end of the
linac can be r e-... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
091ffc5f-095b-4eab-8082-0c0896cfeaf3 | We also considered two other approaches for longitudi-
nal bunch compression: (1) beam optics with a negative
momentum compaction factor, in which lower -energy par-
ticles follow a shorter trajectory; and (2) installing dedi-cated RF cavities in the beam line closer to the interaction point.
____________________... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 0 |
b96fe5e4-4347-4e0a-b9d7-e8798e137a4d | Figure 2: Evolution of the longitudinal bunch size in the
SNS linac and HEBT for the nominal (blue) and the longi-
tudinal compression (red) tunes. 1°≈3.45𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 @805𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 .
Figure 3: Evolution of the bunch size from the linac exit to
the interaction point with bunch compression tune for zero beam curre... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 1 |
4d87cc14-c436-4404-b0db-5c2a570d1a69 | optics to achieve efficient overlap between a short laser
pulse and an ion bunch of nominal length, eliminating the
need for longitudinal bunch focusing
CRAB -CROSSING COLLISION
SCHEME
The bunch length increases in the long drift because of the energy spread: higher -energy particles travel faster and
rea... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 1 |
10337b11-9e7d-4b69-af46-9661080d5bd1 | ergy particles are displaced to the left of the reference trajectory, while lower -energy particles are displaced to the
right, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
Figure 5: Illustration of bunch rotation with non -zero dis-
persion function at the interaction point. The color scheme
is the same as in Fig.4.
With a suita... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 1 |
38c5cd80-a0ac-44d3-8371-35907f3f77f7 | the same direction along the central trajectory, maintaining
the correct angle with the laser pulse direction. The scheme
is dubbed “crab- crossing” because the bunch tail -to-head
direction is different from the ion motion direction, resem-bling a crab’s side-wise walk.
The ion- bunch rotation angle is selected ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 1 |
d5930114-c3cb-48cb-a2f9-a30c47281597 | Figure 7: Geometry of the crab- crossing collision. φ is the
bunch rotation angle, and θ is the angle between the laser
and ion beam.
It is easy to derive synchronicity using the geometry
shown in Fig.7:
where φ is the bunch rotation angle, θ is the angle be-
tween the laser and ion beam, and β is the io... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 2 |
f02df0f4-3e0a-44b4-9b18-9b0f40f1a47d | To verify the effectiveness of the crab -crossing collision
scheme, we performed an experiment at SNS using a ded-
icated experimental station built at the SNS 1.3 GeV High
Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) beam line . This station in-
cludes a high- power mode -locked UV laser, a laser beam
transport line with the fi... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 2 |
685d41af-e398-4391-9def-c598d4fe1a53 | H- using the LACE scheme with and without crab crossing
to understand the relative efficiency improvement due to improved laser -ion beam overlap. Achieving the maximum
absolute stripping efficiency requires optimizing several more parameters: bunch energy spread, dispersion deriva-tive and the laser beam divergence,... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 2 |
f6acf2f5-b12a-4dad-ba66-be15667c19e0 | stripping experiment interaction point.
Table 1: Laser Beam Parameters at I.P.
Measurement Value
Pulse duration 1us
𝜎𝜎𝑡𝑡 ~15ps
𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 .6 mm
Peak power 1.3MW
Wavelength 355nm
Collision angle 37.5°
RF frequency 402.5MHz
Table 2: Ion Beam Parameters at I.P.
Measurement Value
Pulse durati... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 2 |
1317324b-5676-423b-b079-2f3649fe151b | bunch -length expansion in a long transport line. The tests
demonstrated a significant in crease in stripping efficiency.
To fully utilize the crab -crossing advantage for the LACE
efficiency increase, more development is needed to simul-taneously optimize other relevant parameters: the bunch energy spread, dispers... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 2 |
f2edfff1-9a1d-423c-a0c8-55f9930dde6e | REFERENCES
[1] A. Rakhman, A. V . Aleksandrov , S. M. Cousineau, T. V . Gor-
lov, Y . Liu, and A. P. Shishlo, “Manipulating H? Beams with
Lasers”, in Proc. NAP AC'19 , Lansing, MI, USA, Sep. 2019,
pp. 309- 314. doi:10.18429/JACoW- NAPAC2019- TUYBB2
[2] A. Oguz, N. Evans, and W. Blokland, “Spatio-temporal meas-
ur... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 3 |
201d1e09-51ea-47ab-b8f7-57e9b3042d7d | ser-Assisted H- Charge Exchange for Microsecond Duration
Beams,” Office of Scientific and Technical Information
(OSTI), Oct. 2017. doi:10.2172/1496019
[5] A. V . Aleksandrov, S. M. Cousineau, T. V . Gorlov, Y . Liu, A.
Rakhman, and A. P. Shishlo, “A Crab-Crossing Scheme for Laser -Ion Beam Applications”, in Proc. ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV4302.pdf | 3 |
c53aa8ec-1e75-4145-ad2c-ab72b182513a | OVERVIEW OF THE RF BASED BEAM DIAGNOSTIC MONITORS
OF HIPA AT PSI
J. Sun†, P.-A. Duperrex, PSI Center for Accelerator Science and Engineering , Villigen, Switzerland
Abstr act
The High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) at the
Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) delivers a continuous -wave
(CW) proton beam at a fr... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
64ffbedc-d179-44d8-b716-8e0d68690b7c | relation technique applied to phase pick- up signals at the
entry and exit of the cyclotron, enable s a precise determi-
nation of the number of turns completed by the beam. Beam alignment on a rotating target is monitored using a novel fin- and-groove structure engraved on the target sur-
face. The resulting intensit... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
78a2b3c1-9460-4f03-83b1-f599acc68660 | 590 MeV . The beam is then directed through 2 meson
graphite targets (Target M and E) to the spallation neutron
source SINQ [1]. The Target M has a thickness of 5 mm
and absorbs ~1% of the beam. The Target E is 40 mm (al-ternatively 60 mm) thick and absorbs ~8% (~12%) of pro-
tons, layout of the whole facility can ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
3906b289-690f-4704-b794-ba80307683b8 | from the abnormal beam jitters or too high beam losses.
Inductive pickups are used for bunch phase detection for
the two cyclotrons and can be further served as number of turn measurement. For the beam off -axis detection,
grooves and bumps are manufactured on the target E, beam intensity then is modulated, and the... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
03154246-7f1e-4f8b-b761-ea8e258d3ac1 | RESONATORS
Coaxial resonator (reentrant cavity) [3 ] can be tuned to
a specific resonance frequency by modifying the dimen-sion of the capacitance gap and the inductance wall, see Fig .
3 left. A wall current with the same time structure as the beam bunch will be induced when the bunch passes through the cavity. T... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
9a224b34-0cc0-4829-8b54-32c399d445ca | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEV6001
2972 MC6.T03: Beam Diagnostics and InstrumentationWEV6001 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 0 |
ea78dc97-4481-4e2f-b8a1-caba50120e4d | Beam I ntensity Measurement
At PSI, the coaxial resonator is tuned at the 2nd har-
monic (101.26 MHz) of the HIPA bunch frequency. Second
harmonics are used because of the better signal -to-noise ra-
tio, the RF disturbance components being mainly at the odd harmonics . The beam intensity measurement system con-
sist... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
85946584-1019-472d-91fb-4513a3883f12 | The signal from the monitor is brought to the electronics
by using low -loss 50 -Ohm cables, with lengths between 50
and 250 m. The output is further used for the transmission
calculation and interlock generation when the current value is above a given limit.
MHC5
A special beam intensity monitor, so called MHC... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
565f80a9-cc60-4097-8258-8c0ec8e33a9c | eration . To address this issue, an aluminum cavity with ac-
tive cooling was first implemented. However, the reso-
nance frequency shift was still too large. A later study showed that the cavity thermal gradient due to active cool-ing was inducing an even larger shift [3 ]. Therefore, mate-
rials with lower thermal ex... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
9af756d5-b6f3-44e5-bfca-6e9d23b79e7b | gradient issues are minimized. Additionally, its lower elec-trical conductivity reduces the cavity's Q factor, making the resonator less sensit ive to frequency drift. Further simula-
tion studies show that thermal expansion always causes negative frequency drift, which means higher temperature
leading to a lower reso... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
cccda415-74d2-47c6-a6fd-d2b2cddc22ad | nance in 2017, quartz tube in the center of the monitor to simulate the thermal load effects on the resonator.
An upgrade design for MHC5 was finished in 2023 with
many features [4]. From the maintenance perspective,
MHC5 is operating in an extremely high radiation area, hanging under a 2.5 m long bulky steel shi... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
16a1a837-7116-479f-b1b4-dc79e4fc9dc6 | Grooves with 5 mm radius and 100 mm length were
milled at the inner surface of the previous design of MHC5, to mount 4 inductive pick- ups providing an additional
BPM measurements capability . The new design incorpo-
rates a major improvement by increasing the number of pickups to eight and with capacitive pickups, ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
b93b8d30-d916-422f-9b76-2ab937928008 | Beam E nergy M easurement
The old CAMAC based electronics have served for dec-
ades for beam intensity measurement. A new VME based
version has been developed to replace the CAMAC. The
VME system provides not only amplitude of the 101.26
MHz signal but also phase information. This enables the
extraction of the ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 1 |
7178bf86-0bc6-4155-b378-6b18f9ea76e5 | approach can also be applied to the high- energy beam
transport line downstream of the Ring [5].
There are two phase delay s to be considered during the
calculation, cable delay and electronic delay. The cable
phase delay can be easily calculated out by measur ing the
cable length. The phase delay of each electron... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
b592ddd6-3553-4476-8089-276fb158be0b | 𝜑𝜑
2−𝜑𝜑1=𝜑𝜑𝐼𝐼2−𝜑𝜑𝐼𝐼1+∆𝜑𝜑 (1)
where ∆𝜑𝜑=𝜑𝜑𝐷𝐷2−𝜑𝜑𝐷𝐷1 is the phase difference between
electronic chan nels. After swapping the cables at the input
ports of the electronics, one can have:
𝜑𝜑2−𝜑𝜑1=𝜑𝜑𝐼𝐼1−𝜑𝜑𝐼𝐼2+∆𝜑𝜑 (2)
Then the phase difference betwe... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
7dbc1641-237e-4d38-b380-ed8f4d610db1 | In the past, the number of turns for HIPA had to be meas-
ured using radial probes. A handicap of such measurements is that it can be performed only during dedicated beam de-
velopment time. An on- line estimate of the number of turns
during normal operation is then developed based on the ac-
celeration voltage measur... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
f3c9e552-8722-4627-8c85-0973b49b58e3 | cyclotron.
Capacitive pickups are usually dedicated to the phase
measurements in the cyclotrons. The pickup signals have been recorded using a Compact PCI based ADC board with
3 GHz sampling rate and 12- bit resolution. The signal pro-
cessing consists first of the enve lope detection of each ca-
pacitive pickup si... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
ada6162c-aa34-4519-81e0-ec84443bdf7e | and 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 , the time for a proton bunch to perform one rev-
olution:
𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐=𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟�
The revolution time 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 is given by:
𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟=ℎ𝑓𝑓𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅�
where ℎ being the harmonic number, i.e. the number of
bunches on a g... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
a39118c7-548b-4f62-a069-11c5e0ddc9ad | Waveforms up to 1 ms long were recorded with the ADC
board. These waveforms were then can be analyzed either on-line with the higher -level program or off -line by using
MATLAB. Fig. 8 shows an off -line number of turn meas-
urements of Inj.2. Upper plot shows the raw data from two
pickups that before and after th... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 2 |
b3dc5d2b-daf2-42e7-a898-8148cc8c723b | data, where we can have 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑅𝑅 is 11.71 µs. With the correc-
tions of ∆𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟 = -50 ns and ∆𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑡𝑡𝑝𝑝≈ 1:
𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐=(11.712∙10−6+ 5.0∙10−8)∙50.633∙106
10−1≈59
which is consistent with the standard measurements using
the radial probes.
Figure 8: Raw sig... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
75ebca30-3f82-4f1f-93fe-2e7ed2cb82d9 | misalignment. The correct centring of the beam on the Tar-
get E is important since the rim of the wheel is only 6 mm
wide . Missing partly the target would not only reduce the
meson produc tion rate but also leads to a pencil beam hit-
ting the SINQ target window, which could not withstand such power densities .
... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
05418aa5-d9d6-43b1-972d-7067f2135510 | found in Fig. 9 . The method is based on the detection of
beam current (MHC5) modulations induced by grooves and protrudes manufactured on the target rim. Evidence of
these modulations is indicative of off -axis beam condi-
tions, the modulation amplitude giving some information
about how far off -axis the beam... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
921b2ec6-94d2-44de-8ac6-75fa37110ac8 | Figure 9: Schematic of the beam on target detection .
Grooved Target
The first version of Target E for this experiment is shown
in Fig . 10. The tests took place in the summer 2019 for 2
months, the target then had to be replaced due to bearing problems. The target is divided into 12 segments. Between
the seg... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
7960b60f-a326-42e5-b8ad-3788048aff41 | lated so that, for a target rotating at 1 Hz, a beam current modulation on MHC5 at either 114 Hz (left off -axis) or 138
Hz (right off -axis) will be measured. These two frequen-
cies have been chosen so that they are located exactly be-
tween two harmonics of the 12 Hz signal generated from
the target blades.
4 g... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
e59a33be-6ec4-48a6-a765-f42856a8ef2b | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEV6001
MC6.T03: Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation 2975WEP: Poster session WEV6001
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 3 |
88782f59-bbaf-4817-84e3-65edb651cc4a | Signal P rocessing
To detect the groove modulation on the MHC5 signal, it
was necessary to filter the broadband noise already present
on the signal. The MHC4 signal was used for that purpose. By subtracting the correctly weighted MHC4 signal from the MHC5 one, most of the no ise contributions prior to the
Target E... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 4 |
b65ea49d-5395-487b-a70c-0f2424518bb6 | modulation due to the absolute marker on the first segment is clearly visible as well as the 138 Hz 0.9 mm groove ef-
fects.
The groove modulation level dependency on the off -axis
beam position has been analysed for 1.6 mA beam intensity
conditions. For this study, the beam position on the target
has been change... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 4 |
1184b1ea-0a9a-46ec-a63a-f292c5fe411e | and profile of the beam.
To compare the performance of the new method with the
transmission measurements, the transmission level as func-tion of the beam position is shown in Fig. 12 down . The
transmission is clearly much less sensitive compared to the groove modulation detection.
New Configuration of the new Ta... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 4 |
fe3e7071-5a21-451f-b748-a223ec695d5f | Figure 13: New configuration of the target.
CONCLUSION
Monitors based on RF signal detection are key compo-
nents of the beam diagnostics system of HIPA at PSI. Res-
onator type monitors provide not only beam intensity but also used for transmission calculation for machine protec-tion. Thanks to the newly developed ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 4 |
ac43e096-a741-434d-afd8-635d6761d993 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEV6001
2976 MC6.T03: Beam Diagnostics and InstrumentationWEV6001 WEP: Poster session
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 4 |
a0a1676d-410d-45c2-9966-a5ed99e5ee97 | REFERENCES
[1] D. Kiselev et al ., “The meson target stations and the high
power s pallatio n neutron s ource S INQ at PSI,” J. R adioanal.
Nucl. Chem., vol. 305, no. 3, pp. 769–7 75, Feb. 2015.
doi:10.1007/s10967-0 15-3999-3
[2] D. Kiselev et al ., “IMPACT: a substantial upgrade to the
HIPA infrastructur e ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 5 |
a36d7ec1-f376-4363-8dd0-be7e1b953d9b | doi:10.18429/JACoW-H B2023-WEC1C1
[5] J. Sun et al., “Optimization of beam intensity measurement
system o f HIPA at P SI”, i n Proc. IBIC ’25, Liverpool, U K,
September 2025, pp. 200-2 03.
doi:10.18429/JACoW-I BIC2025-M OPMO12
[6] P.-A. Duperrex and A. Facchetti, “Number of turn measure-
ments o n the HIPA cy clo... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 5 |
d5ad6c0a-dc51-46a2-941f-4fd56fae9c85 | ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 doi: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEV6001
MC6.T03: Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation 2977WEP: Poster session WEV6001
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence (© 2026). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s), title... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6001.pdf | 5 |
c84d24fc-ce0c-4b99-ac02-dd0e5cfd7d7e | MOONLIGHT ON THE SERENGETI: CASTING (DIGITAL) SHADOWS
WITH SIMBA, PUMBA, LAURA AND FRIENDS
J. Jones∗, A. Brynes, M. Johnson, M. King, N. Ziyan
ASTeC STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK and The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
Abstract
Digitalshadowsofferamethodologyforbridgingphysical
particleacceleratorswiththe... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
8e5ccc72-a088-45b4-ac84-482fd4df2da6 | simulation backbone of a digital shadow, providing a con-
sistent and extensible representation of the accelerator. This
architectureisfurtheraugmentedbypyCATAP,acontrols
middlelayerthatinterfaceswithacceleratorcontrolsystems,
PUMBA,aproceduralautomationframeworkforrunning
complex operational tasks and standardising I/... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
7410c402-6b0f-4233-b28d-e4a177f7747f | Thedigitalshadowoffersamoretightlyintegratedapproach:
acontinuouslyupdatedvirtualrepresentationofthephysical
acceleratorthatreflectsitscurrentstateandcanbeusedto
support real-time decision-making whilst providing both
real and hidden parameters and diagnostics.
Adigitalshadowdiffersfromadigitaltwinintheinforma-
tion fl... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
ec270a2c-e9e6-4fdf-9414-abeb0cbf5cae | terdependent problems: a lattice must be described in a
machine-readable, physics-aware format; simulations must
beexecutableagainstthatdescription;thelivehardwarestate
∗james.jones@stfc.ac.ukmustbeaccessibleprogrammatically;andoperationalproce-
duresmustbeexpressibleinawaythatcanexploitallofthe
above. Wepresent a suit... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
83e1282d-536e-406a-a7ec-d6ebb9a6d6a2 | that uses LAURA-defined lattice models to perform
start-to-endparticletrackingacrossmultiplesimulation
codes,enablingrapidpropagationofbeamdistributions
through the full machine [ 2].
•pyCATAP (Python Controls Abstraction Towards Ac-
celeratorPhysics)provideshardwareinterfacing,and
acts as a controls middle layer that ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
61f0716d-c472-4bb9-bab1-75aa92c759bf | Back-end IOCs) provides a mechanism for generating
soft EPICS Input/Output Controllers (IOCs) directly
from a LAURA lattice, enabling virtual signals to be
published onto the controls network, alongside real
hardwaresignals,closingtheloopbetweenthedigital
shadow and the broader control-room ecosystem.
Together,thesetoo... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
6778b4f3-41c6-4972-baaa-8d7ff637cd02 | paper is on CLARA.
Inthispaperwedescribethedesignofeachcomponent,
the integration between them, and the current capabilities
of the individual components and the digital shadow as a
whole [4].17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-252-3 ISSN: 2673-5350 d... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 0 |
dee82269-6964-44ab-8051-c52740b7cb53 | Lattice Ontology
LAURASIMBASimulations
EngineeringSchematics
Experiment
Users
PUMBAScripts
Control AbstractionCATAP
Soft IOCsSARABIAccelerator
Hardware
Control
System
iterate
Figure1: IntegratedModel: Machinedesignandengineer-
ingcanbeiteratedusingonlythe LAURAlatticedescription,
through the use of SIMBAandPUMBAto vali... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
f8d72d80-f9e7-48cb-a1a1-b88562487061 | scription that can be used by multiple downstream tools
without rewriting the machine model for each one.
LAURA grew directly out of experience with PAdan-
tic (Particle Accelerator Pydantic model) – a first attempt
to demonstrate that accelerator configuration could be ex-
pressed in a validated data model. LAURA exte... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
13a303f9-2f96-40d8-b24e-f93bdd097931 | position, etc), and their roles in beam transport. It also
encodes structural relationships such as containment (ele-
mentsbelongingtosections),ordering(beamlinesequence),
and machine context (injector, linac, etc). By making these
relationshipsexplicit,LAURAenablesunambiguoustrans-
lationbetweenlatticefiles,simulation... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
fa3a7897-c33e-4bc0-985a-9df1709bfa37 | that define a full beamline configuration for a given
machine state or operating scenario.
•Machines arecollectionsofLayoutsthatdescribethe
full accelerator complex.
LAURAmachinedefinitionsaredefinedasseparaterepos-
itoriesandpackages,andenableeasyintegrationbetween
LAURA and SIMBA for a choice of machines.
SIMBA: A St... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
56fc24a2-496d-4015-969f-cee08bb0685a | Ocelot [10], OPAL [ 11], Wake_T [ 12], and Genesis [ 13].
SIMBAisanevolutionoftheexisting AcceleratorSimula-
tionFramework ,aPythonS2Epackageinuseformanyyears
atDaresbury. SIMBA,andLAURA,differfromtheoriginal
codebasebyfundamentallyseparatingtheontologicallattice
description, the per-code element translation, and the p... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
19b9a7be-3d62-4bb1-8e3a-a20de7f86a17 | suchasthecomputationofcollectiveeffects, initialTwiss
parameters, etc., can be configured. Other options, such
asforFEL orplasma-based simulations, arealso available.
Element groups allow coordinated operations, suchas the
setting of consistent dipole angles and element positions in
variable bunch compressors.
The enti... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
0acaa344-d76f-4224-aa55-34ea9bb7004d | andoutput beamdistributions,are alsoproduced. Inputlat-
tice files, settings, and input beam distributions provide a
complete system for later re-running.
The implemented tracking codes currently supported pro-
vide a wide range of possible simulation configurations,
someofwhichareincompatiblewithothersupportedcodes.
A... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 1 |
5b054f06-4fc4-4b32-ba55-75ca88a98f00 | LAURA Lattice Settings file Beam generator
SIMBA
Framework
Tracking pipelineSection 1
e.g. ASTRASection 2
e.g. ELEGANTSection𝑁
e.g. Wake_T
openPMD HDF5
(beam distributions)dispatch
hand-off hand-off
Figure2: Data-flowdiagramofanexampleSIMBAsimu-
lation. Three inputs — a LAURA lattice definition, a set-
tings file, and... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
27c5638c-af3e-445c-a6df-ab0eb48e50d7 | The pyCATAP package serves as a high-level Pythonic
interface designed to decouple beam physics applications
fromtheunderlyingcontrolsystemarchitecture(e.g.,EPICS,
TANGO).Byemployingamodularabstractionlayerthrough
extensive use of the Pydantic Python library, CATAP trans-
lates LAURA definitions for elements into stand... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
63909627-a14c-4f9f-a238-2419434bfca4 | physics scripts can be deployed across different accelera-
tors without refactoring the logical flow. Jinja templating is
used todevelopthe facility-specificbase models in YAML,
allowingrapidtranslationofexistingcontrolsinformation
into CATAP.
pyCATAPemploystheconceptof‘factories’togroupsim-
ilarhardwareobjectsintoasin... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
35c97ada-5359-4153-8d28-ceda68025fd2 | erations.
pyCATAPcanusecontrolsinformationfromtheLAURA
YAMLdescriptions, whichautomaticallyallowsa controlssystem interface to be generated from the ontological de-
scription in LAURA. Since pyCATAP is generated directly
from these definitions, it ensures that any code used to con-
troltheacceleratorissynchronisedwitht... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
c297b7d4-19ec-483a-b60f-393d7099ede3 | – Protocol (PVA, CA)
– Type checking on put/getProperties
– Access functions
Figure 3: Class architecture of pyCATAP. A Factory
readsLAURAYAMLlatticefilestoinstantiate Hardware
objects, each composed of nested Pydantic models:
ControlsInformation (EPICS PV access and device
states via a PVMap) andProperties (physical m... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
7cc9846a-6547-47b6-8c11-e37899392b9c | baseclassthatenforcesastrictlifecycleoneveryoperational
task. Every procedure mustimplement three phases:
•Prepare: performs all setup actions and validates that
preconditions are met;
•Run: executesthe core task
•Clean-up : restores any transient machine state and
finalises outputs.
Procedures carry metadata including... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
59630de7-1115-4b92-9335-5ecd15e7b104 | a set of pre-defined machine set-points is applied in
sequence — incrementally adjusting one or more hard-
ware parameters — and data is recorded at each step.
The internal adjust() and record() hooks define what is17th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Deauville, France JACoW Publishing
ISBN: 978-3-95450-... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 2 |
ce35a735-e1e8-474a-be8e-f7ad8d7540e0 | changedandwhatismeasured. Theframeworkhandles
progress tracking, logging, and error recovery.
•ASetupProcedure is used to configure hardware to a
target state without performing a measurement.
All three subclasses are composable into a Sequence, which
executes a list of procedures in strict order, with optional
earlyte... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
9d13c96c-7e84-49c3-9c67-0d822e3e1cc3 | the data was measured, the machine area, and the precise
timestamp. Element names are validated via LAURA. Spe-
cialised subclasses of DataValue exist for each hardware
type —MagnetData ,CameraData ,ChargeData , etc. —
carrying the relevant physical quantities with appropriate
units and validation. This structured appr... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
1eaca071-f836-46b5-ad76-548224cc78c5 | ProcessVariable(PV)monitors thatruninthebackground
during execution and abort or warn if nominated signals
move outside safe bounds — e.g. monitoring RF system
trips during long beam measurements.
Example procedures implemented within PUMBA cur-
rentlyincludequadrupolescansforemittancereconstruction,
magnet degaussing ... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
92609749-a71b-43c3-a0ae-437bbf7943ad | ulationlayerwithavirtualcontrolsystem: physicsresults
computedbySIMBAare writtento SARABI-generatedsoft
PVs, making them indistinguishable from real hardware
read-backs to any client on the network.
EachdeviceintheLAURAlatticeisdescribedbyaPython
objectwiththesamecontrols-informationschemausedby
pyCATAP,recordingeveryP... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
3a1b0cfd-63c4-4223-9581-ca4f088021d1 | rectory,buildsa PVInfoobjectperdevice,andseparatesits
PV map into common PVs (present on every device of that
type) and unique PVs (device-specific). Jinja2 templates
consume these maps to emit Python PVGroup classes using
caproto forCAand p4pforPVA.Acompanionscriptgen-
erates an entry point per device type that instan... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
7a76a45e-d4e4-4c83-9bf6-e7d19bdd6da1 | (orvirtual)EPICScontrolsystemtoarunninginstanceof
SIMBAthroughachainofmiddlewareservices,withsim-
ulation results published back onto the EPICS network as
simulationPVs. Thisallowsdownstreamapplicationstocon-
sume beam parameters from the simulation in an analogous
manner to data from hardware diagnostics.
Redpanda +
L... | D:\Daily_ihep\Conferences\IPAC2026\WEV\WEV6003.pdf | 3 |
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